Endri Martini I. INTRODUCTION

TRIP REPORT: IDENTIFYING LOCAL TREE GERMPLASMS, IMPROVED PLANTING MATERIAL AND ITS SEEDLING MARKET POTENCY IN ACEH BARAT, ACEH JAYA, PIDIE, BANDA ACEH AND MEDAN 21 January – 28 February 2008 AND May 2008 Endri Martini I. INTRODUCTION Aceh’ Tsunami catastrophe in Dec 2004 has changed not only the infrastructures, but also the social capital and sources for livelihood of the communities who live in the area. Changes to social network affect the ways in which people access everything from educational to market opportunities. Nevertheless, 3 years after tsunami, the communities try to recover themselves. Aids and supports from various organizations (national and international) were being given to the communities to rehabilitate the Tsunami area. However, as relief aid becomes less abundant, the affected population is turning back to earn an income from local resources such as agribusiness. Historically, perennial horticultural systems and tree crop agribusiness play an important role in the region. In year 2002, agriculture contribute 23% to the Aceh’ Gross Regional Domestic Product and increased to 25% in 2004 (BPS, 2007). Tree crop from the region was played an important role in regional markets, supplying Banda Aceh, Medan and other areas with large amounts of areca nuts, durian and citrus fruits (DPH, 2007). Hence, the Rehabilitation of Agricultural Systems in Aceh – Developing Nurseries of Excellence (NOEL) Program is implemented since April 2007 by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) with assistance from Winrock International and local partners, through support from the Government of Canada as represented by the Minister of International Cooperation, acting through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). The program approach is to identify and work with motivated farmers and community groups committed to tree-based agricultural systems (agroforestries) and market-orientation through the establishment of ‘mother nurseries’ in the three most affected districts in Aceh; Aceh Barat, Aceh Jaya and Pidie. Agribusiness rehabilitation projects in Aceh-Tsunami area were commenced not only by ICRAF but also by many other organizations that actively involved in the Tsunami relief program in the region (ESP-USAID, FHI, CARITAS). As the first step to rehabilitate the agribusiness, those organizations were focusing on encouraging local tree nurseries and tree improvement/propagation as one of the future agribusiness livelihood option. Seedlings that produced from those nurseries are planning to be planted on the reforestation program from the government and also may be planted by the local communities as long term investment to enhance the local communities’ livelihood.

Trip report on preliminary survey on identifying local germplasms, improved planting material and its seedling market potency

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However, yet there is no clear way to synchronize information between those nurseries with government agencies’ projects. Thus, forming associations between nurseries and building nursery marketing network by involving government under partnership flag is important to keep the nursery business sustain in the longer term. In complement with the above situation, a rapid market appraisal work in Aceh Jaya and Aceh Barat was conducted by Green (2007) focusing on the identification of market opportunities and challenges for smallholder farmers in perennial horticultural systems in the region. Green (2007) identified that not much is known on local seedling availability, reliability or genetic improvement in the region. The seedling market in the region is limited in the sort term by programs’ reliance on genetic materials coming from Medan. Hence, a 1.5 months preliminary survey to identify local sources for indigenous germplasm and improved planting material and its seedling market potency was conducted in Aceh Barat, Aceh Jaya, Pidie, Banda Aceh and Medan as part of steps to support the development of market-oriented small scale tree seedling nursery.

Objectives 1. Document and evaluate indigenous sources of germplasm and improved planting material in Aceh. 2. Quantify tree seedling demand in Aceh. 3. Evaluate the potential for developing an agroforestry network in Aceh. 4. Evaluate the formation of a tree nursery association as a mechanism to share knowledge and experience between and among nursery operators and traders. 5. Feasibility study on developing a seedling certification.

Expected Outputs 1. Database of local sources for indigenous germplasm and improved planting material in Aceh and Medan region 2. Recommendation on the potency to develop seedling market network in Aceh region. 3. Recommendation in the potency to initiate the nursery association in Aceh region

Expected Outcomes Enhanced nursery enterprise potency as sustainable livelihood alternative

II. DATA COLLECTION Data collection was assisted by the NOEL field team, with the objective to explore information on the local sources for indigenous germplasm, improved planting material and its seedling market potency. The surveys were conducted in Aceh Barat (23 January – 1 February 2008), Aceh Jaya (2-11 Februari 2008), Pidie (11-19 Februari 2008), Banda Aceh (20 Februari 2008), Medan (22 January and 25 February 2008), Tanjung Morawa (22 January and 26 February 2008) and Binjai (22 January and 27 February 2008). Detail activities conducted during the survey were listed in Appendix 1. Information in the survey was collected through PRA (Focus Group Discussion) discussion with 156 NOEL farmers (9 Farmer Group in Aceh Barat, 9 Farmer Group in Aceh Jaya and 12 Farmer Groups in Pidie, with 20% of them are females farmers), Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan in Aceh Barat and Aceh Jaya districts, Dinas Pertanian in


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Aceh Barat, Aceh Jaya and Pidie districts, BPSB Banda Aceh, BPSB Medan, BPSB Aceh Barat, BPSB Pidie, Universitas Teuku Umar, Universitas Jabal Nur, Universitas Syiah Kuala, commercial nurseries in North Sumatra (4 nurseries in Medan, 6 nurseries in Tanjung Morawa, 3 nurseries in Binjai), NGOs (2 in Aceh Jaya: CFK and CARITAS), Koperasi Karya Bersama in Aceh Jaya. Detail stakeholders met during the survey are listed in Appendix 2. Key questions that were asked during the discussion were as in Appendix 3. Secondary data on history of government tree planting programs and active seed-seedlings producers in the area, were collected through BPS and BPSB database.

III. RESULTS Rejuvenating garden is becoming euphoria in Aceh region. This was stimulated by the Tsunami aids that were given and also as side-effect from the reconciliation/post-conflict era. Post conflict, farmers in Aceh are able to access their garden without worrying much; and marketplaces are more accessible than during conflict. Rejuvenating garden becomes part of the process to activate the abundance garden in becoming more productive and able to contribute to the local farmers’ livelihoods. As part of the rejuvenating process farmers will require good quality seedlings of superior species. Unfortunately, the demands for good quality seedlings exceed the current seedling supply in Aceh region. The available tree nurseries in Aceh couldn’t produce enough quantity and quality as demanded by the market. Currently, most of the farmers in the 4 focus districts (Aceh Jaya, Aceh Barat and Pidie and Pidie Jaya) have aware on the urgency in using superior species/variety to enhance their garden productivity. However, farmers still lack of knowledge and experience to produce and access seedlings of superior species/variety by themselves. Therefore to obtain good quality seedlings of superior species, they have to buy the seedlings from North Sumatra (particularly Medan, Tanjung Morawa and Binjai) that may cost them Rp 10,000 to Rp 25,000 per seedlings. Five tree Species that are most demanded by Aceh’s farmers are Durian monthong, Rambutan brahrang, Duku, Cacao and Rubber. Hence, through the survey, directory of tree nurseries in Aceh, Medan, Tanjung Morawa and Binjai are provided and to be used by farmers who would like to buy good quality seedlings. Buying seedling will be no problem for farmers with financial resources, but will be a problem for cash-limited farmers who couldn’t afford to buy and access the superior quality seedlings. Therefore, if the cash-limited farmers want to rehabilitate their garden, they will buy low quality seedlings or produce their own seedlings with unclear quality that in the end will affected their garden productivity and cash-income they could earn. Hence, ca. 80% of NOEL farmers (Figure 1.) - that were mostly cash-limited farmerswould like to use the seedlings they’ll produce from the NOEL project to be planted in their own garden. While farmers with limited-land tend to sale the seedlings they’ll produce from the project. These contrast farmers motivation is clearly seen for Pidie district case, where land-limited farmers nearby Sigli are more market-oriented than farmers nearby Geumpang with abundant-land that are planning to plant the seedlings in their land as their main priority for the first year in establishing the tree nursery. Farmers


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Average percentage of the seedlings produced from the project

in Geumpang area may want to sell their seedlings in the future if their seedlings stock has exceeding their seedling need. 100% 80%

38%

27%

18%

60% 40% 62%

82%

73%

Sell to other farmer

20%

Plant in their own garden 0% Pidie and Pidie Jaya

Aceh Jaya

Aceh Barat

District

Figure 1. NOEL farmers’ motivation per district in producing the superior seedlings through the project. (note: data was collected based on the FGD per farmer group in each district in January-February 2008). Establishing tree nursery actually is not new technology for the farmers in Aceh region (or elsewhere in Indonesia) that has high dependency to agriculture for their livelihood. In the past, farmers built tree nursery to fulfill their seedlings stocks for their planting program to rejuvenate their garden. What is new for the farmers is establishing tree nursery to produce superior species/variety by using vegetative propagation techniques. In many areas in Indonesia, farmers still has limited access to species/variety that released by the government (BPSB) as superior species/variety, due to lack of information on the location, procedures and techniques to obtain the superior species/variety. In Aceh, superior fruit tree species that has been registered to BPSB until 2007 are Durian Asoe Kaya (Aceh Besar district), Durian Pha Gajah (Aceh Utara district), Melinjo Mulieng Gajah (Pidie district), Melinjo Mulieng Padee (Pidie district), Jeruk Giri Matang (Bireuen district), Jeruk Keprok Gayo (Aceh Tengah district), Alpukat Gayo (Aceh Tengah district) and Langsat (Indrapuri). Unfortunately, most of the farmers still have limited access to those indigenous local superior tree species, farmers prefer with introduced species or exploring new local superior species that are located nearby (Local superior or Lokal Unggul variety) with criteria of the superior mother trees defined by observing criteria of the most demanded marketable tree product in the area (i.e. has high price). Therefore, farmers need to be equipped by knowledge and skills to identify superior mother trees, as source of scions that accessible and need to be located locally in the nearest area.


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If farmers want to develop more market-oriented nursery, then an association or network will help them in marketing their seedlings. Sample case in Medan can be seen as lesson learned for farmers in Aceh, nursery operators in Medan were bounded in an association that called Aspenta (Assosiasi Penangkar Tanaman) and was formed voluntarily in 2002 for the whole nursery operators in North Sumatra province. The association builds partnership with government and research centers. From the association, nursery operators in Medan could share market information, knowledge and experience. However, forming an active association would require strong motivation from the members. In Aceh, none yet active nursery association occur, this may be due to the 3 years post-conflict and tsunami era is still premature for stakeholders in Aceh region to be connected in an association or network. Compare to Tsunami, actually the physical damaged caused by the conflict is less, but conflict has caused psychological trauma that affected farmers’ (and most stakeholders in Aceh region) willingness to do collective action. Therefore, forming an association/network is not yet a priority in the area. Farmers would need to recover their assets and livelihood first before they enter to the next steps as part of their livelihood recovery strategy. Moreover, NOEL farmers’ workshop at district level will be held in May 2008 to receive farmers’ feedback and follow up in regards with the association idea. Other things that need to be notified if a nursery wants to be more-market oriented nursery is the seedling certification issue. Theoretically, seedling certification should be the good mechanism to control the quality of seedlings. But in reality, the procedures were acknowledged by farmers and stakeholders as need to be simplified. Therefore nursery operators will register their seedlings for certification, if they are going to sell their seedlings in big quantity (ca. >10000, usually demand from government program). Details information on the issues above is presented in the sub subject below: Objective 1. Document and evaluate indigenous sources of germplasm and improved planting material in Aceh. Objective 2. Quantify tree seedling demand in Aceh. Objective 3. Evaluate the potential for developing an agroforestry network in Aceh. Objective 4. Evaluate the formation of a tree nursery association as a mechanism to share knowledge and experience between and among nursery operators and traders. Objective 5. Feasibility study on developing a seedling certification.


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Objective 1. Document and evaluate indigenous sources of improved germplasm and planting material in Aceh Improved germplasm will lead to improved tree productivity (quantity and quality), which by the end will imply to the enhancement of farmers livelihood. Improving germplasm quality can be initiated by selecting quality mother trees, and follow up by detail observation and laboratory experiments in research centre. As agriculture is the main sources of livelihood in Indonesia, government has designed mechanism to select good quality mother tree. For plantation commodity such as rubber, coffee and cacao, Indonesian government has its own research centre that improves and maintains good quality germplasm, also develops its domestication techniques. While for fruit and vegetables plants, Indonesian government has pointed BPSB to explore and support mechanism that able to guarantee the improved fruit trees and vegetable germplasm. Since 1984 to 2007, 407 varieties of 38 fruit species (346 local varieties and 61 introduced species) have been registered to BPSB as superior species (Direktorat Jenderal Hortikultura, 2007). And until 2007, only still 7 varieties of 4 local species are registered to BPSB as superior indigenous species for Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam province, despite of the high flora diversity occurs in Aceh. In Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam province, BPSB and Dinas Pertanian have mapped sources of superior mother trees of unique fruit species/variety per district based on the most occurrence number of the tree species and fruit production per district (Figure 2.). Currently farmers in Aceh still prefer with the introduced species as the price of the fruit is higher than the local indigenous fruit species, e.g. Aceh farmers would prefer Durian monthong than local superior Durian. Hence, price of the local varieties seedlings is not clear yet, as not much people produce and sale it. Other reason why Aceh's farmers still prefer with the introduced species/varieties is because the local indigenous species/varieties are less recognized as high quality by local farmers. None yet promotion been socialize at farmers level on the quality of superior local indigenous species. Also, Aceh’ farmers still have limited access to the Aceh's fruit varieties registered to BPSB because there is none yet Foundation Block (where those fruit varieties planted in one area for source of entress garden) per district level. Based on the discussion with BPSB North Sumatra, same situation on the farmers’ preference for introduced species is also occurred in North Sumatra (the nearest province). The different is that in North Sumatra, the Agricultural Department (Dinas Pertanian) in some district has promoted the local species as high quality species e.g. Rambutan brahrang from Binjai. The local government in Binjai has built entres garden of Rambutan brahrang that can be used by farmers who would like to produce high quality Rambutan seedlings, farmers have to pay Rp 25,00/scion to the Dinas Pertanian Binjai. During the survey in the 3 districts, potential superior fruit species per district were identified based on discussion with BPSB, Dinas Pertanian and farmers (Table 1.). Due to limited time and large area that need to be covered during the survey also due to non fruiting seasons in most of the district (except for Tangse, Pidie), detail information about new identified local superior fruit tree species could not be collected. Follow up need to be conducted by the NOEL team at district level in identifying potential superior


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species, including defining the physical criteria of the fruits (photos are necessary as prove). The potential local superior fruit species near the NOEL nursery will be an asset for the nursery operator in producing good quality seedlings. Post-Tsunami, limited info from the BPSB can be obtained, particularly on the location of mother tree and nursery that operated before the Tsunami. This due to most of the data was disappeared along with the Tsunami.

Figure 2. Unique species that are promoted per districts in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province.


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Table1. Potential superior fruit species per district that were identified during the survey Districts Species Local name Location Note Aceh Barat Manggo Kuini Kaway16 Registered superior (Blambangren) mother trees mostly and Suaknie destroyed by Tsunami. Durian Durian Tambo Woyla The leaves a bit similar as Durian Matahari Aceh Jaya Durian Durian Panga Has not yet registered to Pesantren BPSB Durian Durian Jalo Krueng Sabee Has not yet registered to (?) BPSB Orange Jeruk Manis Sampoinet Not indigenous species Coffee Kopi robusta ?? Not indigenous species Sawo Sawo ?? Not indigenous species Pidie and Durian Durian Tangse Has not yet registered to Pidie Jaya pandeuk BPSB Durian Durian Ule Glee Only 20 trees in ca. 1 ha monthong garden Gnetum Meuling padi BPP Pidie Registered to BPSB Gnetum Meuling gajah BPP Pidie Registered to BPSB On the other hand, the improved germplasm of rubber and cacao can be obtained from the research centre (Sungai Putih Rubber Research Institute for rubber and Jember Cacao and Coffee Research Institute for cacao). NOEL program encourage and provide materials for farmers to establish their own entres garden in order to improve the local germplasm particularly for rubber and cacao. In Aceh Barat, currently the local government (Plantation department/Dinas Perkebunan) in collaboration with BRR is also establishing rubber entress garden in Sungai Mas, Tutut with the capacity 30,000 rubber seedlings from various clones (BPM1, BPM 921, PB340 and PB260). Source for Improved Planting Material Based on BPSB Aceh data, until February 2008, there are 45 fruit seedlings nursery operators in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam province (Figure 3.) with species that are traded by nursery operators in Aceh: Avocado, Clove, Duku, Durian (Kani, Monthong, Sitokong, Tembaga), Orange (Giri Matang, Keprok, Nipis, Siam), Langsat, Lengkeng (Diature, Edar), Manggo (Arumanis, Gadung, Golek, Manalagi, Nambok mai, Tongdar), Mangostan, Rambutan (Binjai, Brahrang, Lebak Bulus, Nona) and Sawo.. From those 45 nurseries, only 3 nurseries that are produced seedlings by themselves. The other 42 nurseries, are buying seedlings mostly from North Sumatra and re-sells the seedlings to the local consumers. This showed how high the dependency of Aceh nursery operators to North Sumatra for source of superior planting material.


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DISTRICT

Pidie Langsa Bireun Banda Aceh Aceh Utara Aceh Timur Aceh Tengah Aceh Tamiang Aceh Selatan Aceh Jaya Aceh Besar

Collector Producer NURSERY CATEGORY

Figure 3. Distribution of nursery operators in Nanggoe Aceh Darussalam Province based on data in February 2008.

Objective 2. Quantify tree seedling demand in Aceh Based on the inception workshop of the NOEL project, farmers who were involved in the projects has 2 main purposes in producing good quality seedlings, i.e. (i) for private use and (ii) for sale. Through the NOEL project, they requested number of species and its quantity demanded seedlings produced, as in Table 2. Table 2. Number of seedlings requested for the NOEL project by farmers in the project inception workshop at each district No Species Aceh Barat Aceh Jaya Pidie TOTAL Commodity Species 1 Rubber 35,000 79,200 NONE 114,200 2 Cacao 12,500 52,800 16,500 81,800 Fruit Species 3 Durian 14,000 40,800 54,750 109,550 4 Rambutan 9000 24,000 57,500 90,500 5 Sawo 8,100 9,600 NONE 17,700 6 Mango 4,200 28,800 41,000 74,000 7 Mangosteen NONE NONE 6,000 6,000 8 Duku 1,200 NONE 18,500 19,700 9 Citrus 5,400 4,800 5,000 15,200 10 Others 2,500 NONE 2,500 5,000 TOTAL 91,900 240,000 201,750 533,650


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The expected market for the seedlings that are produced by the NOEL project are to (i) NGOs, (ii) Government programs, and (iii) local market (other farmers in the area). Hence, seedlings demand data were explored through discussion with local government, and for local consumers data were estimated through number of seedlings requested from local nursery for certification to BPSB. Based on the discussion, currently demand for seedlings in Aceh can be classified into 3 classes: (i) demand from the government routine planting program, (ii) demand from the NGO/independent organization's livelihood rehabilitation program post-tsunami and post-conflict, (iii) demand directly from farmers (local consumers). From those 3 classes, demand from the local NGO/independent organization in post-tsunami and post-conflict is less sustainable compare the other 2 classes. And most of the NGO were building their own nursery to supply their garden rehabilitation activities. Based on the interview with local government and local consumers, estimate seedlings demands per district are: (i) Aceh Barat for year 2008, demand of seedlings from Dinas Perkebunan is 600,000990,000 rubber seedlings and Dinas Pertanian is 10,000 durian monthong, manggo and other fruit tree seedlings. While local consumer demanded cacao and rubber of good quality seedlings, but the demand quantity is unclear. (ii) Aceh Jaya for year 2008, demand of seedlings from Dinas Perkebunan is 3,000,000 rubber seedlings and 500,000 cacao seedlings, and from Dinas Pertanian is ca. 50,000 durian monthong, kuini, and other fruit tree seedlings. While local consumer demanded cacao and rubber seedling at least for 0.5-1 ha planting area (equal to ca. 200-500 cacao/rubber seedlings). (iii) Pidie for 2008, demand from Dinas Perkebunan is not clear, but previously Dinas Perkebunan provide cacao seedlings for farmers. Demand from Dinas Pertanian mostly for rambutan brahrang seedlings, i.e. 1,066,800 seedlings for year 2008. While local consumer demand are 100-1000 cacao seedlings, 10-300 durian monthong/rambutan seedlings, 5000 duku seedlings and only ca. 10 other fruit species' seedlings per HH. Information on the demanded seedling specifications per species is very limited. Most of the potential buyers were requested seedlings based on the standard specification from BPSB for fruit species and from Research Centre for cocoa and rubber. Most demanded species in the area was analyzed via number of seedlings requested for certification to BPSB. The largest quantity requested for certification is the most demanded species in the area. Based on data of number of seedlings that requested for certification to BPSB Aceh by nursery operators in Aceh, tree species with the largest quantity requested for certification in 2008 were durian, orange and rambutan (Figure 5.). While based on the information in BPSB North Sumatra, the most demanded species are Rambutan and Durian. Based on discussion with 13 commercial nursery operators in North Sumatra, ca. 50% of their seedlings were sold to Aceh, particularly in the last 3 years.


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300000

ACEH

250000

300000 NUMBER OF SEEDLINGS

NUMBER OF SEEDLINGS

350000

200000 150000 100000 50000 0

NORTH SUMATRA 200000

100000

t o u e n ts n o e o n n ad lov Duk uria Frui ngsa nga ngg osta ang buta Saw r oc C D La Lo Ma ang O am Av R M

FRUIT CATEGORY

0 Av

it e it a it k o it a e o a u n t n o n ai le n ad an Biwdfru eda Duk uria plan etum kfru nga nggosta rkis ang Petapp buta Sawefru rfru ppl oc Ban D gg Gn Jac Lo Ma ng Ma Or ak Stater A ea p ne m E Br Cem Pi Ra Sn a Ma W

FRUIT CATEGORY

Figure 5. Requested seedlings from nursery operators for certification to BPSB Aceh and BPSB North Sumatra in 2008.

Objective 3. Evaluate the potential for developing an agroforestry network in Aceh From discussion with local farmers, agroforestry actually has been becoming part of Aceh people life for hundreds of years. Field observation on the landuse systems showed that farmers in Aceh are practicing mixed tree based garden management (agroforestry) from year to year, with latex, coffee, cacao and fruits (Durian, Mango, Rambutan, Orange, Gnetum) as the main products. Each household own ca. 0.5-2 ha land that are managed extensively. Activities in managing kebun were almost stopped in most regions in Aceh during the conflicts between TNI and GAM that happened for almost 30 years. During the conflicts era, farmers were lack of access to garden, market and information. Agroforestry are important for the local people livelihood in Aceh region as it has become major source to improve local people livelihood of almost 70% of the farmers in the 3 districts of the NOEL project benchmarks in Aceh Province (Aceh Jaya, Aceh Barat and Pidie) (Budidarsono et al, 2007). After the reconciliation phase in Aceh since 2005, farmers are beginning to intensify their abandon garden by replacing the unproductive plants. Marketplaces in the region are also started to resettle now, though currently they still Medan-dependant in marketing most of the agroforest products. Farmers actually will benefit more if they have more promising market nearby their area. In developing an autonomous market, the market-chain status would first need to be rehabilitated by building network between farmers with farmers, farmers with traders, farmers with consumers and farmers with the governments. Farmers should work together to strengthen their political voice and their bargaining power in the market collectives being much harder to ignore or mistreat than individuals (Macqueen et al., 2006). Hence, building informal or formal agroforestry network in Aceh region is


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necessary for enhancing agroforest productivity that will imply to the enhancement of local people livelihood. Unfortunately, 3 years post-conflict and tsunami era, regarding the development of an 'agroforestry network' and 'nursery association' the basic point is that in the postconflict period: i) farmers are more strongly focused on rehabilitating their farming systems/livelihoods compared to 'collective action'; ii) networks/associations are not prioritized because currently there is no 'felt common need or advantage'; and iii) there still is a lot of distrust within the communities. The concept is premature at this point. Compare to Tsunami, actually the physical damaged caused by the conflict is less, but conflict has caused psychological trauma that affected farmers’ (and most stakeholders in Aceh region) willingness to do collective action. Therefore, an agroforestry association/network is not yet a priority in the area. Farmers would need to recover their assets and livelihood first before they decided the next steps they would like to enter as part of their livelihood recovery strategy. Objective 4. Evaluate the initiation of a tree nursery association formation as a mechanism to share knowledge and experience between and among nursery operators and traders. Learning from experiences in other places (Macqueen et al., 2006; Catacutan et al., 2008), developing a market oriented enterprise may encounter problems that mostly rooted from the (i) weak social stability and cohesion, (ii) little access to capital, (iii) poor market information, (iv) weak bargaining power, (v) lack of technological know-how, (vi) geographical isolation and poor infrastructure, and (vii) lack of knowledge of administrative and business standards and procedures. Collective action is sometimes could answers those bottlenecks mentioned above and important for smallholders to break in, and gain market access. But, collective action is unlikely to sustain without effective leadership and some facilitation (in some cases even ongoing), thus requiring expenditures on repairs and maintenance through continuous technical and leadership training for the collective, and technical back-up and facilitation by an intermediary (Catacutan et al, 2008). In concept, association as form of collective action and as part of cooperative marketing’ strategy, may help small enterprises adapt to new market opportunities and reduce their transaction costs. Cooperative marketing can be a great opportunity, and by building network, farmers will be able to teaming up with others to share skills and abilities, and moderates the workload and minimizes hassles. Cooperative marketing need to be supported not only by farmers and traders but also by government that may offers information and assistance in setting up and managing a cooperative marketing effort. Farmers and traders need to be organized in groups/ associations/ societies/ cooperatives to enhance delivery of essential services e.g. group certification, marketing of produce, solving logistical problems e.g. transport, bargaining power, etc. Government as the decision-makers should support them as a result; the most useful support tends to be responsive rather than imposed. It is usually orientated towards selfhelp options such as strengthening umbrella associations and improving awareness of existing support services. It often has a strong focus on providing information on


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bureaucratic procedures, product design and markets, finance and technological innovation (Macqueen et al., 2006). Lesson learned in developing nursery association can be gained from farmers in Medan (North Sumatra probince) with its Aspenta (Asosiasi Penangkar Tanaman). Currently nursery association has not yet been developed in the area. Hence, as part of the NOEL program, an association concept (non-profit farmer network group to share ideas and inspiration) was introduced to the Aceh’s farmers and stakeholders (government, cooperation group and NGO) who are interested in developing their tree nursery into more market-oriented nursery or even nursery enterprise. Explorations to know the perspective of different actors on the nursery association’ concept, were conducted through interview during the survey. As follow up from the survey that were conducted from January to February 2008, a workshop was conducted in May 2008 to evaluate the potential for developing an agroforestry network in Aceh and the feasibility in forming a nursery association (to include pre-existing and NOEL nurseries) as a mechanism to share quality germplasm and knowledge between and among nursery operators, germplasm traders, and relevant government agencies. Detail report on the workshop can be seen in Appendix 4. NOEL farmer groups per districts were invited to the workshop, with the objective to discuss farmer group planning and whether association concept is included in it. In the workshop, all farmers in all distritcts were agreed that it is an advantage to build marketing network between farmers in the same district or even cross district. Form of the network could be communication forum, association, or cooperation. Farmers were requested further assistance from NOEL team to facilitate them in forming the network. Different responses between districts were happened during the workshop. Only Aceh Jaya farmer groups who has concrete planning to follow up the development of Aceh Jaya farmer forum/network (Table 3.).


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Tabel 3. NOEL farmer group planning and strategy based on the workshop conducted on 27-30 May 2008. District Pidie and Pidie Jaya

Planning Farmer Forum (i) Continue the nursery with the ; Agree to form the knowledge that was gained communication forum through seri of training in the between farmers with the NOEL program. It is hopeful that function as source of the nursery could generate the information and ease the farmer income. communication with the (ii) Building collaboration between government agencies or other the NOEL nurseries in Aceh, and stakeholders to market their seedlings. also collaboration with the government institution particularly ; No concrete plan on how they would form the that related to the seedling certification and seedling communication forum, yet. marketing issues. (iii)Develop the marketing aspect of the nursery. Aceh Barat (i) Develop the nursery to more ; Agree to form the market oriented/commercial communication forum between nursery. farmers particularly with the objective for sharing (ii) Collaboration with BPSB to information. The form of the certificate their fruit seedlings, (iii)Build network and partnership to forum can be an association, market their seedlings, cooperation or informal (iv) Develop sub group in each of the network. farmer group to fullfill the ; No concrete plan on how seedling demand. they would form the communication forum, yet. Aceh Jaya a. Continue the nursery and ; Agree with the communication produce superior seedlings with forum between farmers that priority for own consumption, could unite the farmer groups and for sale for long term plan, in Aceh Jaya and could ease access to information. b. Expand the nursery area (both for the rootstock and budwood ; The concrete form of the garden), forum will be discussed by the c. Conducted field visit to other small committee that was formed through the meeting. location in order to improve their knowledge. Next meeting will be conducted at BPP Aceh Jaya on 14 Juni 2008.


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Objective 5. Feasibility study on developing a seedling certification. Seedling certification process is still controversial in the perception of the multistakeholders that were interviewed during the survey, due to the long process needed for certification. From farmer and nursery operator perspectives, they will put effort for the seedling certification scheme if they have nursery with demand capacity more than 10,000. Alternatives for ensuring the good quality than certification process: 1. Small capacity (less than 10000 seedlings) No need certification as the fee and effort for the process costs much than the rate of benefit that can be gained from the selling. Potential market for this option: (i) local market (nearby neighbourhood), (ii) farmers. For this, need to build demonstration plot for production garden (ca. ½-1 ha), as in the figure below: 1 ha Demoplot Kebun Produksi

1/2 ha Demoplot Kebun Produksi

1/2 ha Demoplot Kebun Entres

2. Big capacity (more than 10000 seedlings) Need certification if they would like to go for tender under Dinas project/activities. Certification procedures may be various depend on what is requested by each institution who provide the tender. Potential market for this option: (i) local market, (ii) farmers, (iii) government institutions (particularly Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan), (iv) big project (e.g. BRR).

IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1. The nursery operators in Aceh are still has high dependency (ca. 90%) to Medan, North Sumatra in supplying the superior seedlings. 2. In order to fullfil the district planting program, currently the agricultural and estate crop department begin to build their own nursery for source of superior seedlings. 3. NOEL farmers willingness to sell their seedlings in this first year, ca. 80% for Aceh Barat and Aceh Jaya, and 50% for Pidie and Pidie Jaya. 4. Capacity building for farmers needs to be given particularly that related to developing market oriented nursery. 5. Detail study in developing good quality germplasm, particularly for fruit seedlings need to be conducted in the area and followed up with intense facilitation by the agricultural department in each district to build block foundation of good quality fruit germplasm. 6. Seedling certification process still controversial in the perception of the stakeholders that were interviewed, due to the long process needed for


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certification. From farmer and nursery operator perspectives, they will put effort for the seedling certification scheme if they have nursery with demand capacity more than 10,000. 7. Developing communication forum between the farmer and farmer groups can be used as first step in developing the seedling market network in Aceh region.

REFERENCES DPH. 2007. Production Statistics 2002-2005, edited by C. Dinas Pertanian dan Kehutanan, Aceh Jaya, NAD. Green, Arthur. 2007. Fruit Tree Crops and Nurseries in Aceh: A rapid Market Appraisal of Aceh Jaya and Aceh Barat. Meulaboh, Aceh Barat, NAD. Roshetko, James and Yulianti. 2002. Pemasaran untuk hasil-hasil wanatani di tingkat petani. Paper read at Prosiding Lokakarya Wanatani Se-Nusa Tenggara, 11-14 November 2001 at Denpasar, Bali. UPTD Balai Perbenihan Pertanian Provinsi (UPTD-BPP) Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. 2006. Varietas unggul tanaman hortikultura yang telah dilepas Menteri Pertanian di Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. Macqueen, D.J., Bose, S., Bukula, S., Kazoora, C., Ousman, S., Porro, N. & Weyerhaeuser, H. 2006. Working together: forest-linked small and medium enterprise associations and collective action. Gatekeeper Series No. 125. London, UK, IIED. Budidarsono, Suseno, Wulan, Y.C., Budi, Joshi, L. and Hendratno, S., 2007.“Livelihoods and Forest Resources in Aceh and Nias for a Sustainable Forest Resource Management and Economic Progress”. ICRAF Working Paper Number 55, Bogor, World Agroforestry Centre, Indonesia. Catacutan, D. Manuel Bertomeu, Lyndon Arbes, Novie Butra. 2008. Fluctuating Fortunes of a Collective Enterprise: the case of the Agroforestry Tree Seeds Association of Lantapan (ATSAL) in the Philippines. CAPRi working paper No. 76. IFPRI. USA. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/CAPRiWP76.


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Appendix 1. Day by day trip (21Jan-28Feb08) Date 22Jan08

Activities Visit BPSB Medan, Tanjung Morawa and Binjai in Tanjung Morawa

Participants Team: Endri+Jusupta Other participants: Saidah (BPSB Medan), Supriyanto (Binjai), Sinaga (CV Wanabhakti)

23Jan08

Visit KawayXVI (Tunas Baru and Dayah Diniyah) and Panteu Ceureumen (Ingin Maju 1&2) Visit BPSB (Zaenuddin)

Team: Endri+Pratik+Saleh Other participants: 5 farmers of Pante Ceureumen, 1 farmer of Dayah Diniyah. Team: Endri+Pratik Other participants: Zaenuddin (BPSB)

25Jan08

Visit Panteu Ceureumen (Ingin Maju 1 and 2), Woyla Induk (district nursery)

26Jan08

Visit Woyla Timur (3 nurseries+district nursery)

27Jan08

Working at the office on summarizing all the collected data Visit Bappeda (Syahril), TEARFund nursery (Deuah), Visit Cot Darat nursery

Team: Endri+Andi+Saleh+Iskak+Anang Other participants: 25 farmers of Pante Ceureumen (7 females, 18 males), 15 farmers of Woyla Induk (5 females and 10 males) Team: Endri+Anang+Iskak+Pratik Other participants: 10 farmers of Giat Usaha FG, 1 farmer of Dua Sepakat FG, 1 farmer of Makmou Beurata FG (Satari) Team: Endri Other participants: NONE

24Jan08

28Jan08


Team: Endri+Pratik+Ery+Suyit+Tumar+Margo Other participants: 1farmer of Deuah (Geuchik), 7 farmers (females) of Cot Darat

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Brief Information Received list of commercial nurseries in North Sumatra from ibu Saidah (BPSB Medan) and copy of fruit seedling certification procedure Discussion on seedling supply and demand in Medan area (with 2 big nursery in Tanjung Morawa and Binjai) Area orientation in Aceh Barat (Kaway XVI and Panteu Ceureumen) Discussion with BPSB Aceh Barat on certification issues and sources of local germplasm and BPSB program to support good quality seedlings production by small scale farmers Discussion with farmer groups (3 FGs) on seedling marketing issues and good quality seedling. Discussion with farmer groups (3 FGs) on seedling marketing issues and good quality seedling. Compiling information from 6 FG visited in the days before. Discussion with farmer groups (1 FGs) on seedling marketing issues and good quality seedling. Discussion with Bappeda on good quality seedling and demand for seedling from the governments

programme. Orientation in Deuah nursery (under TEARfund’ program) Discussion with farmer groups (2 FGs) on seedling marketing issues and good quality seedling. Discussion with Dishutbun on good quality seedling and demand for seedling from the governments programme. Discussion with Distan on good quality seedling and demand for seedling from the governments programme.

29Jan08

Visit DinasHutBun (Fachrurozi), Dinas Pertanian (Said), Dayah Darussalamah, Dayah Diniyah.

Team: Endri+Pratik+Margo+Andi+Suyit+ Ery+Saleh Other participants: Fachrurozy (Disbun), Said (Distan), Dayah Diniyah farmers (ca. 10 persons, 9 females+1male)

30Jan08

Working at the office: summarizing all the collected data Visit KBU Dinas Pertanian, Farmer (Luder)

Team: Endri Other participants: none

Compiling data and information.

Team: Endri+Pratik Other participants: pak Luder’wife, KBU Panteu Ceureumen

Discussion with successful farmer (seedling trader) on seedling marketing issues and good quality seedling. Visit KBU Distan at Panteu Ceureumen

1Feb08

Visit TearFund entres garden

2Feb08

TRIP MEULABOH-CALANG; Visit districts nursery (2 nurseries, Tuwi Kareung and Kabong) Visit Gunung Buloh nursery

Team: Endri+Pratik+Andi+Anang+ Iskak+Suyit Other participants: Geuchik Deuah Team: Endri+Jusupta+Horas Other participants: 2 farmers of Kabong FG, 7 farmers of Tuwi Kareung

Discussion with Geuchik Deuah on TEARfund program and its continuity in the future Discussion with farmer groups (2 FGs) on seedling marketing issues and good quality seedling.

Team: Endri+Jusupta+Horas Other participants: Syamsul (Gunung Buloh)

Discussion with farmer group (1 FG) on seedling marketing issues and good quality seedling.

31Jan08

3Feb08


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4Feb08

Visit Krueng Sabee FG (Indah Jaya), Koperasi Karya Bersama (Syamsu)

Team: Endri+Jusupta+Horas Other participants: Koperasi Karya Bersama (Syamsu, Surdi dan Kardi), 10 Indah Jaya FG (7 females and 3 males).

Discussion with farmer groups (1 FG) on seedling marketing issues and good quality seedling. Discussion with Koperasi Karya Bersama on the seedling marketing association issue and possible cooperation between the koperasi with NOEL farmer group.

5Feb08

Visit Sampoinet FG (Fajar1+Krueng Tho), USAIDESP farmer

Team: Endri+Amang+Asep Other participants: 10 farmers of Fajar, 10 farmers of Krueng Tho and 1 farmer of USAIDESP farmer.

Discussion with farmer groups (2 FGs) on seedling marketing issues and good quality seedling. Discussion with USAID farmer on seedling marketing issues and good quality seedling.

6Feb08

Visit Dinas Pertanian, Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan, Tuwi Kareung

Team: Endri+Jusupta+Horas Other participants: DisTan (Ismail+Adriansyah), Dishutbun (Said+Dahlan), 10 member of Tuwi Kareung FG (9males+1female)

Discussion with farmer groups (1 FGs) on seedling marketing issues and good quality seedling. Discussion with Dishutbun on good quality seedling and demand for seedling from the governments programme. Discussion with Distan on good quality seedling and demand for seedling from the governments programme.

7Feb08

Visit Gunung Mantok, Tano Mayang, Dayah

Team: Endri+Jusupta+Horas Other participants: 2 farmers Gunung Mantok (1female+1male), 1 farmer Tano Mayang.

Discussion with farmer groups (2 FGs) on seedling marketing issues and good quality seedling.

8Feb08

Visit FHI nursery, CARITAS Sampoinet (Reuntang+Seumantok)

Team: Endri+Jusupta+Horas Other participants: CARITAS (Erwin+Yayat)

Discussion with other NGO’ nurseries (FHI’ and CARITAS’) on seedling marketing issues and good quality


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9Feb08

Visit Kabong FG

Team: Endri+Jusupta Other participants: 4 farmers (3 female and 1 male)

seedling Discussion with farmers on seedling marketing issues and good quality seedling.

10Feb08

Visit Kabong FG

Team: Endri+Jusupta+Horas Other participants: 4 farmers (3 female and 1 male)

Discussion with farmers on seedling marketing issues and good quality seedling.

11Feb08

Visit Krueng Sabee (meeting with head of Krueng Sabee subdistrict, farmers and CFK)

Socialization of the NOEL program with head of Krueng Sabee subdistrict.

12Feb08

Visit Padang Tiji FG, Kunyet FG, Disbun FG, Keumala FG

13Feb08

Visit Dinas Pertanian Pidie, Ulee Gle Entres garden, Paru FG, Keumang Ulim FG, Dayah Taufiqurrahman (Meureudu), Distan FG

14Feb08

Visit Tangse (2 nurseries), Geumpang (3 nurseries)

15Feb08

Writing report

16Feb08

Writing report

Team: Endri+Jusupta+Horas Other participants: Camat Krueng Sabee, CFK (10persons, 3 males+7females), Kabong FG (15 persons, 2 males and 13 females), 1 PPL Krueng Sabee subdistrict Team: Endri+Jusupta+Zulfadli+Andi+Horas Other participants: 3 farmers of Padang Tiji FG (1 female, 2 males), 6 farmers of Kunyet FG, 1 farmer of Keumala FG Team: Endri+Zulfadli Other participants: Fachrudin (Kasubdin Produksi), Nasir (Distan staff, and has nursery enterprise), 1 farmer of Paru FG (female), 2 farmers of Ulim Keumang FG, Bashri (Dayah Taufiqurrahman), 1 farmer (Distan FG). Team: Endri+Zulfadli Other participants: 2 farmers (Paya guci FG), 1 farmer (Nurul Fallah FG), 1 farmer (Nurul Fatah, Faisal), 10 farmers (3 females, 7 males, Group Mukim), 1 farmer (Nisbahul Huda alAzijijah, Mukhtar). Team: Endri Other participants: NONE Team: Endri


Page 20 of 51

Discussion with farmer groups (3 FGs) on seedling marketing issues and good quality seedling. Discussion with farmer groups (2 FGs) on seedling marketing issues and good quality seedling.

Discussion with farmer groups (2 FGs) on seedling marketing issues and good quality seedling.

Compiling all information and data. Compiling all information and data.

17Feb08

Writing report

18Feb08

Visit BPSB Pidie

19Feb08

Trip to Banda Aceh

20Feb08

Visit BPSB and Universitas Syiah Kuala

21Feb08

Coordination Meeting

24Feb08

Trip to Medan

25Feb08

Visit Nurseries in Medan

26Feb08

Visit Nurseries in Tanjung Morawa


Other participants: NONE Team: Endri Other participants: NONE Team: Endri+Zulfadli Other participants: Anwar (BPSB Pidie)

Team: Endri Other participants: None Team: Endri+Nazar Other participants: Marwan (Ka. BPSB Aceh), Zumaidar (Kajur Biology Unsyiah)

Team: Endri+Jusupta+James+Nazar+ Pratiknyo+Zulfadli Haris+Marzuki Other participants: NONE Team: Endri Other participants: NONE Team: Endri Other participants: Sumber Rezeki (Tumino), Tanaman Jaya (Yakub), Tani Ras (Radu Munte), Paris Garden (Paris Sembiring) Team: Endri Other participants: Trubus Indah (M. Yunus Sinaga), Usaha Mekar (Husein), Rahman’s avocado (Rahman), Mutiara Nursery (Masrizal Batubara), Rimba Cendana (Indra Buana

Page 21 of 51

Compiling all information and data. Discussion with BPSB Aceh Barat on certification issues and sources of local germplasm and BPSB program to support good quality seedlings NONE Discussion with BPSB Aceh on certification issues and sources of local germplasm and BPSB program to support good quality seedlings. Receiving list of registered good quality fruit species in Aceh region. Discussion with Biology Faculty Universitas Syiah Kuala on the possibility for studentship of Unsyiah students at ICRAF under NOEL project. Regular discussion on issues developed so far in the NOEL project. NONE Discussion with medium to large nursery enterprises in Medan on seedling supply, demand, prices, and enterprise profil. Discussion with medium to large nursery enterprises in Tanjung Morawa, North Sumatra on seedling supply, demand, prices, and enterprise profil.

27Feb08

Visit Nurseries in Binjai

28Feb08

Trip to Bogor


Sinaga), Citra Lestari (Joshua Sembiring) Team: Endri Other participants: Pusaka Nurseri (Budi Susilo, Ismail Hasan (ka Aspenta Binjai)), Mekar Tani (Suprayitno) Team: Endri Other participants: NONE

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Discussion with medium to large nursery enterprises in Binjai, North Sumatra on seedling supply, demand, prices, and enterprise profil. NONE

Appendix 2. List of stakeholders met during the survey Aceh Barat No Stakeholders 1 Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan 2

Dinas Pertanian

3

BPSB

4 a. b. c. d. e. f.

NOEL farmer group: Ingin Maju1, Pante Ceureumen Ingin Maju2, Pante Ceureumen Doa Kamou, Samatiga Dua Sepakat, Woyla Timur Makmu Beurata, Woyla Timur Dayah Diniyah Darussalam, Kaway XVI Dayah Darussalamah, Kaway XVI Giat Usaha, Woyla Timur Tunas Baru, Kaway XVI Makmou Besare (district), Woyla Induk Susulan-1 (Yubnan), Woyla Barat Susulan-2 (Zaenal), Samatiga

g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. 5 6 7

Contact Fachrurozi/Rasidin (081360139654) Said (0812699132)/ Helmi (085277858421) Zaenuddin (085260017514) ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??

Head of FG Head of FG Head of FG Head of FG Head of FG Head of FG

??

Head of FG

?? ?? ??

Head of FG Head of FG Head of FG

Yubnan ()

Private nursery (single owner) Private nursery (single owner) Private nursery (single owner) Private nursery (single owner) Private nursery (single owner) Private nursery (single owner) Kepala Bidang Sosial Ekonomi Kepala desa

Zaenal ()

Susulan-3 (Muslih), Kaway XVI Susulan-4 (Rosmawani), Samatiga Susulan-5 (Yusniar), Kaway XVI Susulan-6 (Husaifah), Kaway XVI Bappeda

Muslih ()

Geuchik Deuah, Samatiga subdistrict (Tearfund) Universitas Teuku Umar

??


Note Staff Sub dinas Perkebunan/Kepala Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan Staff Dinas Pertanian (UTU lecturer)/Kepala Dinas Pertanian Staff BPSB Aceh Barat

Rosmawani () Yusniar () Husaifah () Syahril

Said (0812699132)

Ketua Jurusan Perikanan dan Kelautan, FaPerta UTU.

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Aceh Jaya No Stakeholders 1 Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan 2 Dinas Pertanian 3 a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. 4 5 6 7 8

Pidie No 1 2 a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.

Contact Safri(??)/Dahlan(??) Ismail (??)

NOEL farmer group Bina Bersama, Gunung Mantok ?? Dayah, Teunom ?? Fajar I, Sampoinet ?? Fajar II, Sampoinet ?? Green Manyang, Tano Manyang ?? Indah Jaya, Krueng Sabee ?? Ingin Maju, Gunung Buloh ?? Krueng Tho, Sampoinet ?? Tuwi Kareung, Panga ?? Nasib(Susulan), Sampoinet ?? CFK (Helping hands foundation) ?? CARITAS Erwin (?)/Yayat (?) USAID-ESP Leman FHI FHI farmers at Lhok Geleumpang Koperasi Karya Bersama Syamsu/Surdi/Kardi

Stakeholders Dinas Pertanian Pidie NOEL farmer group Pante Jaya, Padang Tiji Pemuda Tani, Kunyet, Padang Tiji Keumang Titeue, Titeu Keumala Keumang Ulim, Ulim Saboh Taloe Allue Drin, Disbun, Titeu Keumala Beuna Beurata, Paru cot, Bandar Baru Nurul Fallah Tangse, Blang Jeurat, Tangse Darul Hidayah Paya Guci, Paya Guci, Tangse

Note ??/Kepala Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan Aceh Jaya Kepala Dinas Pertanian Aceh Jaya Head of FG Head of FG Head of FG Head of FG Head of FG Head of FG Head of FG Head of FG Head of FG Head of FG CFK staffs CARITAS staffs Farmer Farmer Ketua/Bendahara/ Sekertaris Koperasi Karya Bersama

Contact (no. telephone) Fachrudin ()

Note Kasubdin Produksi

?? ??

Head of FG Head of FG

?? ?? ??

Head of FG Head of FG Head of FG

??

Head of FG

??

Head of FG

??

Head of FG


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i.

??

Head of FG

??

Head of FG

??

Head of FG

3 4

Nurul Fata Geumpang, Bangkeh, Geumpang Nisbahul Huda Al- Azijiyah, Bangkeh, Geumpang Lembah Peut Sagoe, Bangkeh, Geumpang BPSB Pidie Nursery owner

Anwar () Nasir ()

5

Universitas Jabal Gafur

Bukhari ()

6

Dayah Taufiqurrahman

??

Head of BPSB Pidie Private nursery and also Distan Pidie’staff Agronomy lecturer and also NOEL’ Farmer specialist ??

j. k.

Banda Aceh No Stakeholders 1 BPSB Aceh 2. Syiah Kuala University

Medan No Stakeholders 1 BPSB SUMUT 2 Asosiasi Penangkar Tanaman (Aspenta) Sumatra Utara 3 a.

Nurseries CV. Wanabhakti

b. c. d.

CV. Usaha Mekar Rahman’s avocado Ridho Tani

e.

CV. Pusaka Nurseri

f. g.

Kelompok Tani Mandiri/CV. Mekar Tani CV. Paris Garden

h.

UD. Tani Ras

i.

CV. Tanaman Jaya

Contact (no. telephone) Marwan Zumaidar (08126962251)

Note Kepala BPSB Aceh Ketua Jurusan Biology, Unsyiah

Contact (no. telephone) Saidah Rahbi Ismail Hasan

Note Kepala seksi Sertifikasi Wakil Aspenta Sumut/Ketua Aspenta Binjai

Syamsul Sinaga/Syarifah (08126571683) Husein (081370078019) Rahman (081370014617) Suprianto (08126326242/ 08192089443) Budi Susilo (061-8820603; 061-77850490) /Ismail Hasan Suprayitno (081362277370) Paris Sembiring (see picture) Radu Munthe/Christopher (061-8360055/ 081361606232) Yakub (061-7852775)

Tanjung Morawa


Tanjung Morawa Tanjung Morawa Binjai Binjai

Binjai Medan Medan

Medan

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j. k

CV. Sumber Rezeki UD. Citra Lestari

l

CV. Rimba Cendana

m.

CV. Mutiara Nursery

n.

CV. Trubus Indah

Tumino (081361483156) Joshua Sembiring (08126311003) Indra Buana Sinaga (081362038747/ 081396114947) Ir. Masrizal Batubara, MMA (061-7943738) M. Yunus Sinaga (0617947545)


Medan Tanjung Morawa Tanjung Morawa

Tanjung Morawa Tanjung Morawa

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Appendix 3. Key questions in the preliminary survey on local germplasms, improved planting material and its seedling market potency in Aceh and North Sumatra region. Respondents Key Questions NOEL farmer 1. What are you going to do with the seedling you have planted in the groups, other nursery? a) If to plant, where will it be planted? And with what system? farmers who also owned b) If to sell, where to sell? How many you would sell, what is the species, and how much is the price, and what are the constraints in tree seedling nursery selling the seedlings? 2. If you produce the seedling yourself, what kind of propagation technique do you use? Where do you get the materials? 3. How many seedlings produced from your nursery? And what are the species/variety? 4. What do you think about nursery association? 5. What do you think about nursery marketing network? 6. What do you think about seedling certification? 7. What are your group’ plans for the nursery after the NOEL program finished? Local Government agencies (Dinas Pertanian, Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan)

1. Is tree planting becoming part of your institution planning program? If YES, how routine is it? And how small scale farmers’ involvement in your institution planting program? 2. What tree species you would like to plant in your program? 3. How many seedlings do you need for your planting program? 4. When are you planning to plant those seedlings? 5. From where are you planning to have the seedling: (a) If you buy the seedling, from where do you get the seedling, what is the price, how many and how is its quality? (b) If you produce the seedling yourself, where is the nursery, what kind of propagation technique do you use, and from where do you get the materials? 6. How to control quality seed-seedling? 7. How do your program linked to BPSB and universities? 8. What do you think about nursery association? 9. What do you think about nursery marketing network? 10. What do you think about seedling certification?

BPSB and universities

1. What is your current institution program/activities? And how it is implemented and linked with Dinas Pertanian’ program? 2. How are the fruit tree nursery’ distribution in your region? 3. How is the seedling marketing channel in your region? 4. How to control quality seed-seedling? 5. What do you think about nursery association?


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6. What do you think about nursery marketing network? 7. What do you think about seedling certification? 8. What is the most favourite unique indigenous tree variety or species in the area? (before and after Tsunami) 9. Where is the origin location of favourite species/variety in the area? 10. Did Tsunami affect the condition and number of mother tree available in the area? If YES, how is the condition? Commercial nurseries

1. Profile of the enterprise (name of the enterprise, name of the owner, type of nursery ownership, year when the enterprise start, address, phone number, area) 2. How much is the price of the seedlings produced? 3. What are the species and or variety of the seedlings sells from the nursery? (a) If you buy the seedling, from where do you get the seedling, what is the price, for how much and how is its quality? (b) If you produce the seedling yourself, what kind of propagation technique do you use? Where do you get the material? 4. What is the marketable-seedling age? 5. How is the nursery production and demand trend in the last 5 years? (detail record if any) 6. How is condition of the selling Vs the available supply? 7. How is the seedling marketing channel in the area? 8. How to control quality seed-seedling? 9. Is there any time limitation or number of seedlings if we want to order the seedling? 10. Who are the buyers? 11. What do you think about nursery association? 12. What do you think about nursery marketing network? 13. What do you think about seedling certification?

NGOs

1. Is tree planting becoming part of your institution planning program? If YES: (a) What kind of program do you have developed so far? (b) How many seedlings do you need for your planting program? (c) How do you get the seedlings? (i) If you buy the seedling, from where do you get the seedling, what is the price, for how much and how is its quality? (ii) If you produce the seedling yourself, what kind of propagation technique do you use? Where do you get the material? (d) Is there any specific criteria of the seedlings you are planning to use? 2. Is building tree seedling nursery becoming part of your institution program? If YES:


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(a) What are the species and or varieties of the seedlings produced from the nursery? And how it is produced? (b) How much is the capacity? (c) Who managed the nursery? And how it can be managed? (d) Are the seedlings that produced for planting purpose or for sale? If for sale, where is the market and is there any agent? 3. What do you think about nursery association? 4. What do you think about seedling certification? Cooperation organization

1. Is tree planting becoming part of your institution planning program? If yes, what program do you have developed or planned so far? 2. What do you think about nursery association? 3. What do you think about nursery marketing network? 4. What do you think about seedling certification?


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Appendix 4. Workshop report that was conducted in May 2008 SILATURAHMI PETANI NOEL: MENUJU KEMANDIRIAN DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN Endri Martini, Jusupta Tarigan, Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi, Teuku Zulfadli, Nazar Idris, Mahyuddin, Mulus M, Said, Anang Setiawan, Andi Prahmono, Soleh S, Iskak, Haris A, Horas Napitupulu, Asep, Nandar, James Roshetko

DASAR PEMIKIRAN Gempa Bumi yang dahsyat pada 9 Skala Richter dan diikuti dengan Tsunami yang melanda Aceh pada 26 Desember 2004 telah meluluhlantakkan beberapa daerah Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam dan menelan korban jiwa lebih kurang 200.000 jiwa disamping itu juga konflik yang telah berlangsung selama lebih kurang 30 tahun telah banyak mengubah beberapa tatanan kehidupan dan penghidupan yang ada, dari mulai infrastruktur, model sosial sampai ke sumbersumber penghidupan masyarakat setempat. Perubahan sosial yang terjadi, berpengaruh terhadap akses masyarakat kepada pendidikan dan kesempatan pasar dalam konteks penghidupan. Tiga tahun setelah tsunami, dan 2,5 tahun setelah penanda tanganan MoU antara pihak GAM (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka) dengan Pemerintah Indonesia yg ditandatangani di Helsinki Finlandia, dengan kondisi aman dan damai yg telah didapat masyarakat korban tsunami dan konflik telah berusaha memulihkan kondisi yang ada. Bantuan dan dukungan dari berbagai organisasi (Nasional dan Internasional) dan Pemerintah diberikan pada komunitas untuk merehabilitasi area yang terkena tsunami dan yang berdampaknya. Akan tetapi, bantuan akan semakin berkurang dengan berjalannya waktu dan mulai sekarang masyarakat harus mulai mandiri dengan kembali menghidupkan mata pencaharian mereka yang telah digeluti sebelum tsunami. Agribisnis merupakan salah satu alternatif penghidupan yang sebelum tsunami telah digeluti masyarakat dan memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan kembali pada era setelah tsunami dan konflik. Secara sejarah, Aceh cukup terkenal dengan sistem budidaya tanaman campur antara buah-buahan dan tanaman keras, sehingga "agroforest” atau kebun campur atau dalam bahasa lokal sering disebut “deumpeu na” memegang peranan penting untuk penghidupan masyarakat. Sebelum tsunami, hasil dari tanaman keras (seperti pinang, kelapa, kakoa, karet, kelapa sawit ) dipasarkan ke Medan, disamping itu juga untuk tanaman buah-buahan (seperti Jeruk, Mangga, Durian, Langsat, Rambutan) yang berasal dari kebun masyarakat telah mampu menyuplai kebutuhan permintaan pada pasar-pasar regional, Banda Aceh dan bahkan Medan. Oleh karena itu, program-program yang dilakukan oleh berbagai organisasi yang ingin kembali membangun daerah yang terkena dampak tsunami dan konflik di Aceh, memfokuskan kegiatannya pada rehabilitasi agribisnis. Dan untuk tahap awal dalam merehabilitasi agribisnis tersebut, organisasi-organisasi tersebut secara spesifik lebih tertuju pada mendukung pembangunan pembibitan tanaman keras dan peningkatan kualitas bibit. Bibit-bibit yang diproduksi dari pembibitan-pembibitan skala kecil tersebut dapat digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bibit masyarakat maupun kebutuhan program pemerintahan khususnya di bidang kehutanan (Gerhan) dan pertanian.


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Untuk mendukung proses rehabilitasi agribisnis yang sedang berlangsung di Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam tersebut, sejak April 2007, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) bekerjasama dengan Winrock Internasional dengan didanai oleh agensi pemerintahan Kanada untuk pembangunan (Canadian International Development Agency/CIDA) melakukan kegiatankegiatan di bawah program Pembibitan Tanaman Unggul (NOEL-Nursery of Excellence) yang dilakukan di 4 kabupaten (Aceh Barat, Aceh Jaya, Pidie dan Pidie Jaya) dengan tujuan untuk memfasilitasi dan bekerja bersama petani dan komunitas yang tertarik dengan pengembangan pembibitan tanaman unggul yang bisa dijadikan induk (mother nursery) untuk pengembangan pembibitan selanjutnya. Program-program pelatihan, fasilitasi dan konstruksi pembibitan pun dilakukan sebagai media untuk belajar bersama. Petani menyambut dengan penuh rasa ingin tahu kegiatan NOEL ini dengan 3 motivasi utama, yaitu 1) Mengetahui proses pembuatan bibit unggul 2) Memproduksi bibit unggul untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sendiri, dan 3) Membangun usaha pembibitan untuk orientasi pasar. Untuk bisa menjadi pelaku langsung sebagai penyuplai bibit yang berorientasi pasar, perlu ada kerjasama baik secara informasi, pengetahun dan jaringan antar petani maupun dengan pihak pemerintah atau pihak lainnya. Salah satu pendekatan untuk mendukung proses sinkronisasi tersebut dapat dilakukan dalam 2 tahap, yaitu: (i) membangun jaringan antar petani, dan (ii) membangun jaringan kerja sama pemasaran bibit tanaman keras dengan berbagai pihak yang terkait, terutama dengan pemerintah lokal sebagai salah satu pihak yang berperan dalam keberlanjutan bisnis pembibitan petani untuk jangka panjangnya. Untuk dapat membangun jaringan antar petani tersebut kegiatan musyawarah petani ini dilakukan dengan diawali oleh proses mempererat tali silaturahmi antar petani NOEL.

TUJUAN YANG INGIN DICAPAI 1. Merancang dan membangun forum silaturahmi petani NOEL sebagai tempat berbagi pengalaman, informasi dan pengetahuan tentang pengembangan pembibitan jenis unggul berorientasi pasar demi mendukung keberlanjutan penghidupan masyarakat dan lingkungan. 2. Berbagi hasil survey yang sudah dilakukan oleh tim NOEL-ICRAF dan petani dari hasil kunjungan lapangan yang telah dilakukan oleh perwakilan kelompok tani ke luar provinsi Nanggroe Aceh darussalam 3. Identifikasi strategi tindak lanjut yang disetujui semua pihak untuk mengembangkan kewirausahaan pembibitan jenis unggul demi mendukung keberlanjutan penghidupan masyarakat dan lingkungan. 4. Seleksi kelompok tani yang berkompeten menjadi operator dari tree nursery enterprise di masa mendatang.

WAKTU, LOKASI DAN PESERTA Kegiatan ini diorganisir oleh World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) di bawah program NOEL, dan dilaksanakan di tiga lokasi, yaitu di Sigli-Pidie (27 Mei 2008), Meulaboh-Aceh Barat (29 Mei 2008) dan Calang-Aceh Jaya (30 Mei 2008). Musyawarah dilakukan selama 1 hari (mulai jam 09.00 sampai jam 16.30) per lokasi dengan total jumlah peserta sebanyak 104 orang dengan sekitar 23% perempuan (Tabel 1). Detail daftar peserta yang hadir pada musyawarah ini dapat dilihat pada Lampiran 1-3.


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Tabel 1. Jumlah peserta per masing-masing kabupaten pada musyawarah petani Aceh pada 2730 Mei 2008. Kabupaten

Lokasi Musyawarah

Jumlah Peserta

Keterangan

Lelaki

Perempuan

Pidie dan Pidie Aula Dinas Jaya Pertanian, Pidie

29

9

Semua yang hadir adalah petani NOEL. Hadir juga 1 orang perwakilan dari Dinas Perkebunan dan 1 orang dari Dinas Pertanian.

Aceh Barat

Aula Dinas Transmigrasi dan Tenaga Kerja, Aceh Barat

28

8

Semua yang hadir adalah petani NOEL. Tidak ada perwakilan dari Dinas.

Aceh Jaya

Aula Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian Aceh Jaya

32

6

Peserta yang hadir adalah petani NOEL, petani CARDI, petani CARITAS, petani KOTIB, 1 orang perwakilan Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan, 1 orang dari Koperasi Karya Bersama Aceh Jaya dan 2 orang petani binaan Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian Aceh Jaya.

ALUR MUSYAWARAH Musyawarah dilakukan per masing-masing kabupaten dengan pendekatan informal. Secara umum agenda dari musyawarah tersebut meliputi perkenalan antar anggota kelompok tani, diseminasi hasil kegiatan survey potensi pembibitan yang berorientasi pasar di Aceh dan diseminasi informasi dari hasil kunjungan lapangan yang telah dilakukan petani NOEL ke Muara Bungo dan Bogor. Kegiatan diseminasi hasil tersebut diharapkan dapat mendukung potensi pengembangan forum petani demi memperlancar pemasaran bibit. Acara Lomba Cerdas Terampil Petani juga dilakukan untuk mengakrabkan para petani (ice-breaking) dan juga untuk memotivasi petani memperlancar keterampilan melakukan perbanyakan vegetatif sehingga dapat meningkatkan kapasitas jumlah bibit yang dapat diproduksi petani. Pada akhir kegiatan dilakukan diskusi untuk merancang rencana tindak lanjut petani sejak bulan Juni 2008 sampai bulan November 2008 atau bahkan sampai setelah proyek NOEL ditutup. Diskusi difokuskan pada 2 pertanyaan utama yang harus dijawab: (i) Apa rencana tindak lanjut petani pembibitan selanjutnya?, (ii) Perlukah dibentuk forum silaturahmi petani untuk mendukung pemasaran bibit? Jika perlu, seperti apa bentuknya dan apa saja kegiatannya?. Hasil dari diskusi tersebut diharapkan dapat ditindaklanjuti oleh pihak-pihak terkait, yaitu petani, pemerintahan, dan pihak lainnya. ICRAF akan mencoba memfasilitasi hasil dari diskusi tersebut setidaknya sampai November 2008. Dalam melaksanakan musyawarah ini masing-masing kabupaten memiliki


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keunikan alur musyawarah yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi dan situasi peserta. Detail agenda pada setiap kabupaten tertera di Lampiran 4-6.

HASIL MUSYAWARAH A. PIDIE DAN PIDIE JAYA Sesi 1. Diseminasi hasil kegiatan NOEL Diseminasi hasil diawali dengan penyampaian kesan dari hasil kunjungan lapangan petani NOEL di Pidie dan Pidie Jaya ke Bogor pada April 2008. Dua petani (M.Yunus dan Zuwairiah) menyampaikan opini mereka tentang kunjungan ke Bogor dan apa saja yang telah mereka lakukan sepulang dari Bogor. Baik Bapak M. Yunus maupun Ibu Afnidar menerangkan bahwa sepulangnya dari Bogor, beliau menyadari ada banyak alternatif sumber penghidupan yang selama ini belum terpikirkan ternyata berpotensial meningkatkan pendapatan petani di Pidie dan Pidie Jaya, seperti budidaya jamur, pupuk organik dari sekam padi. Mereka juga terkesan dengan kebun buah-buahan yang dikunjungi, yang memiliki produktivitas lebih tinggi dari kebun para petani di Pidie dan Pidie Jaya. Penyampaian hasil survey potensi pengembangan pembibitan berorientasi pasar dan fungsi forum silaturahmi dilakukan oleh Endri Martini (Agroforestry Tree Specialist, ICRAF). Presentasi diarahkan pada hal-hal yang harus diperhatikan bersama jika akan mengembangkan pembibitan ke arah komersial dan bagaimana forum silaturahmi antar petani dapat mendukung kelancaran pengembangan bisnis pembibitan. Untuk kasus di Pidie dan Pidie Jaya, berdasarkan hasil survey, 50% petani di Sigli berencana untuk menjual bibit yang mereka produksi, untuk daerah perbukitan (Tangse dan Geumpang) untuk saat ini masih mau menanam bibit yang mereka hasilkan di kebun mereka sendiri. Diskusi terbuka dilakukan pada akhir sesi 1 ini. Tiga pertanyaan diajukan oleh peserta seperti yang tertera pada Tabel 2. Pertanyaan selain diajukan pada NOEL deputy (Nazar Idris), District Coordinator Pidie dan Pidie Jaya (Teuku Zulfadli) dan Endri Martini, juga diajukan pada pihak Dinas Pertanian dan Dinas Perkebunan dan Kehutanan yang perwakilannya hadir. Dari Dinas hanya menegaskan bahwa akan mendukung kegiatan petani dalam pengembangan pembibitan yang berorientasi pasar. Tabel 2. Pertanyaan yang diajukan pada sesi diskusi terbuka pada musyawarah petani Pidie dan Pidie Jaya pada 27 Mei 2008 No 1

Pertanyaan Setelah program NOEL ditutup, apakah kami mampu meneruskan program pembibitan ini? Adakah pihak lain yang akan meneruskan kegiatan ini setelah ICRAF?

Jawaban dari ICRAF Sementara ini belum diketahui pihak organisasi lain yang akan meneruskan fasilitasi kegiatan pembibitan seperti yang dilakukan NOEL. Mungkin dari pihak Dinas dapat meneruskan fasilitasi kegiatan pembibitan ini. Keberlanjutan program pembibitan ini tidak tergantung pada proyek NOEL, tapi lebih ke kemampuan dan ketertarikan yang kuat dari pelaku pembibit untuk melanjutkan dan


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menerapkan ilmu yang telah diperoleh dari hasil fasilitasi ICRAF-NOEL. Adakah rencana ICRAF untuk Hal ini akan dibicarakan pada rapat bulanan tim mengadakan pelatihan NOEL berikutnya di bulan Juni 2008. pengelolaan kebun? Bagaimana prosedur untuk Selain yang sudah dijelaskan pada presentasi, mendapatkan sertifikat bibit prosedur sertifikasi bibit buah-buahan dapat buah-buahan? diperoleh dengan mengunjungi BPSB Pidie.

2

3

Sesi 2. Lomba Cerdas Terampil Petani Untuk di Pidie, materi yang dilombakan adalah teknik perbanyakan vegetatif pada tanaman durian dengan metode okulasi dan sambung. Bibit durian yang akan disambung dan diokulasi diperoleh dari masing-masing kelompok tani (3 bibit per kelompok tani). Peserta dikelompokkan menjadi 4 cluster: 1. Kelompok Tangse-Geumpang (10 orang dari 5 kelompok tani) dinilai oleh Mulus (Nursery specialist, ICRAF) 2. Kelompok Keumala-Padang Tiji (6 orang dari 3 kelompok tani) dinilai oleh Said (Farmer specialist, ICRAF) 3. Kelompok Bandar baru-Ulim (6 orang dari 3 kelompok tani) dinilai oleh Mahyuddin (Nursery specialist, ICRAF) 4. Kelompok Spontaneus (2 orang) dinilai oleh Bukhari (Farmer specialist, ICRAF) Penilaian dilakukan oleh tim NOEL Pidie (nursery specialist dan farmer specialist) dengan kriteria: ketepatan (kebersihan dan kerapian), kecepatan (rata-rata kecepatan mengokulasi dan menyambung per orang dalam satu tim) dan kekompakan tim. Hasil dari lomba ini adalah: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Juara 1: Kelompok Tangse Geumpang mendapat 5 gunting stek dan 10 kaos NOEL Juara 2: Kelompok Keumala-Padang Tiji mendapat 3 pisau okulasi dan 6 kaos NOEL Juara 3: Kelompok Spontaneous mendapat 2 pisau okulasi Juara 4: Kelompok Bandar baru-Ulim tidak mendapat hadiah

Pembelajaran yang diperoleh petani dari kegiatan ini adalah aspek kebersihan dan kerapian menjadi faktor utama yang akan mendukung keberhasilan perbanyakan vegetatif untuk menghasilkan bibit unggul. Sesi 3. Diskusi untuk Rencana Tindak Lanjut Peserta dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok besar (cluster), yaitu cluster Tangse-Geumpang, cluster Keumala-Padang Tiji, cluster Bandar baru-Ulim. Masing-masing cluster mendiskusikan 2 pertanyaan yang diajukan terkait dengan rencana tindak lanjut dan pendapat tentang perlunya forum komunikasi petani pembibitan. Diskusi di cluster Tangse-Geumpang dipimpin oleh Mulus, cluster Keumala-Padang Tiji dipimpin oleh Said dan cluster Bandar Baru-Ulim dipimpin oleh Bukhari. Hasil diskusi per cluster kemudian dipresentasikan di forum musyawarah untuk mendapatkan input. Detail hasil diskusi per cluster seperti yang tertera pada Lampiran 7.


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Secara umum, kesimpulan dari hasil diskusi adalah: 1. Rencana tindak lanjut dari petani NOEL Pidie dan Pidie Jaya: (i) Melanjutkan pembibitan dengan ilmu yang telah diterima melalui program NOEL, dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan rumah tangga. (ii) Membangun kerjasama antar pembibitan NOEL, dan juga dengan instansi pemerintahan terutama terkait dengan masalah sertifikasi bibit dan kelancaran pemasaran. (iii)Mengembangkan ke aspek pemasaran. 2. Sepakat menyatakan perlu membentuk forum komunikasi antar petani yang berfungsi sebagai: (i) sumber informasi dan (ii) mempermudah komunikasi dengan Dinas atau pasar. Bentuk dari forum tersebut sementara belum terpikirkan, bentuk sederhana dari awalnya adalah dengan membangun jaringan antar petani NOEL. Bentuk berikutnya bisa juga berupa badan koperasi. B. ACEH BARAT Sesi 1. Diseminasi hasil kegiatan NOEL Sesi ini diawali dengan presentasi dari Endri Martini dengan arahan ke pengembangan pembibitan berorientasi pasar dan fungsi forum silaturahmi. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan diseminasi hasil kunjungan lapangan petani Aceh Barat ke Muara Bungo dilakukan dengan menayangkan film berdurasi 30 menit yang dibuat oleh tim ICRAF NOEL Meulaboh. Setelah penayangan film, pemaparan kesan selama melakukan kunjungan ke Muara Bungo dilakukan oleh Bapak Hamdan dari kelompok Ingin Maju 1. Kelompok tani cukup terkesan dengan produktivitas kebun karet petani Muara Bungo, dan lebih terkesan lagi melihat pasar lelang karet yang diterapkan di Muara Bungo. Melalui pasar lelang, petani belajar menilai kualitas karet yang memiliki harga tertinggi, dan akan memproduksi karet berkualitas tinggi untuk mendapatkan keuntungan yang maksimum. Selama kunjungan di Muara Bungo, petani dibekali ilmu dari mulai pembibitan karet sampai pemasarannya oleh tim ICRAF Muara Bungo dan Petugas Penyuluh Lapangan (PPL) Dinas Perkebunan Muara Bungo. Diskusi terbuka dilakukan setelah presentasi dari hasil kunjungan lapangan ke Muara Bungo. Beberapa pertanyaan yang diajukan seperti yang tertera pada Tabel 3, dijawab oleh Deputy NOEL, District Coordinator Aceh Barat (Pratiknyo Purnomosidhi) dan Endri Martini. Pertanyaan yang diajukan petani di Aceh Barat hampir sama dengan apa yang ditanyakan juga oleh petani Pidie dan Pidie Jaya. Tabel 3. Daftar pertanyaan yang diajukan petani pada musyawarah di Meulaboh pada tanggal 29 Mei 2008 No 1

Pertanyaan Setelah program NOEL ditutup, akankah ada pihak lain yang akan meneruskan kegiatan ini?

Jawaban dari ICRAF Sementara ini belum teridentifikasi pihak yang akan meneruskan program pembibitan yang sama dengan ICRAF. Untuk sementara mungkin kita bisa meminta bantuan dari pihak Dinas untuk memfasilitasi dan mendukung pengembangan pembibitan yang telah dilakukan oleh petani


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NOEL di Aceh Barat. Adakah rencana ICRAF untuk Hal ini akan dibicarakan pada rapat bulanan tim mengadakan pelatihan NOEL berikutnya di bulan Juni 2008. pengelolaan kebun?

2

Sesi 2. Diskusi untuk Rencana Tindak Lanjut Peserta dikelompokkan ke dalam 2 kelompok besar (cluster), yaitu cluster Samatiga-Woyla dan cluster Panteu Ceureumen-Kaway XVI. Diskusi dilakukan pada masing-masing cluster dengan langkah pertama mengidentifikasi rencana tindak lanjut per kelompok tani, kemudian disimpulkan menjadi rencana tindak lanjut per cluster. Sedangkan diskusi tentang forum silaturahmi dilakukan dengan melihat potensinya jika dikembangkan per cluster untuk tahap awalnya. Masing-masing cluster memaparkan hasil diskusi yang telah dilakukan ke forum. Detail hasil diskusi dapat dilihat pada Lampiran 8. Secara umum kesimpulan dari hasil diskusi adalah: 2. Rencana Tindak Lanjut: (i) mengembangkan dan meningkatkan usaha pembibitan unggul ke arah komersial, (ii) melakukan sertifikasi bibit tanaman buah dari BPSB, (iii)mencari jaringan dan kemitraan untuk pemasaran, (iv) membuat sub kelompok pada masing-masing kelompok tani untuk mencukupi kebutuhan bibit. 3. Forum silaturahmi petani Petani di kedua cluster merasa sangat perlu membentuk forum komunikasi antar petani NOEL dengan tujuan untuk saling menukar informasi. Bentuk forumnya bisa berupa asosiasi, koperasi atau dalam bentuk jaringan. Kegiatannya berupa pertemuan rutin (bisa berupa pertemuan setiap 2 bulan sekali dengan lokasi pertemuan yang digilir) untuk menyusun program kerja atau rencana tindak lanjut forum.

C. ACEH JAYA Musyawarah petani di Aceh Jaya diawali dengan menggali informasi tentang harapan peserta terhadap musyawarah yang akan dijalaninya selama 1 hari penuh. Peserta diberi metaplan untuk menuliskan harapannya masing-masing dari musyawarah ini. Berdasarkan hasil pengklasifikasian harapan-harapan peserta, dapat disimpulkan harapan peserta: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Terbentuk kerjasama dengan Dinas untuk kemajuan pembibitan (5 suara) Tambahan bibit untuk karet dan coklat (4 suara) Saling berbagi pengalaman dan ilmu tentang pembibitan (9 suara) Membentuk forum silaturahmi untuk mendukung pemasaran (7 suara) ICRAF-NOEL tetap di Aceh Jaya (7 suara)

Partisipan yang hadir di Aceh Jaya berbeda dengan di kedua lokasi musyawarah lainnya. Di Aceh Jaya, tidak hanya petani NOEL yang hadir akan tetapi ada juga peserta dari petani binaan LSM lainnya seperti CARITAS, CARDI dan KOTIB. Perwakilan Dinas Kehutanan dan


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Perkebunan dan ketua Koperasi Karya Bersama Aceh Jaya juga ikut berkontribusi dan mengawal proses musyawarah petani pembibitan di Aceh Jaya ini. Sesi 1. Diseminasi hasil kegiatan NOEL Diseminasi hasil kegiatan NOEL di Aceh Jaya diawali dengan presentasi hasil kunjungan lapangan petani NOEL Aceh Jaya ke Muara Bungo, Jambi oleh Bapak Hasan dari Ingin Jaya dan Bapak Tengku Muntasir dari Krueng Tho. Mereka menerangkan tentang produktivitas kebun karet di Muara Bungo yang bisa mencapai 100-200 kg/ha dibandingkan dengan produktivitas kebun karet di Aceh Jaya yang rata-rata hanya menghasilkan 25-50 kg/ha. Mereka juga terkesan dengan sistem pasar lelang yang memungkinkan petani mendapatkan harga lebih tinggi jika dia mampu memproduksi karet dengan kualitas yang bermutu. Selain itu, petani Aceh Jaya terkesan dengan kekompakan yang dapat dibina oleh kelompok tani di Muara Bungo. Petani Aceh Jaya pergi ke Muara Bungo pada waktu yang bersamaan dengan petani Aceh Barat, yang selama kunjungannya mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang kebun karet dari mulai pembibitan, penanaman, pengendalian penyakit sampai pemasarannya yang diberikan oleh tim ICRAF Muara Bungo. Setelah presentasi dari petani Aceh Jaya, seperti halnya yang sudah dilakukan di Sigli dan Meulaboh, Endri Martini mempresentasikan hasil survey yang telah dilakukannya pada bulan Januari-Februari 2008 (Lampiran 10.). Pemaparan difokuskan pada potensi pengembangan pembibitan berorientasi pasar dan fungsi forum silaturahmi di Aceh Jaya. Sesi ini diakhiri dengan diskusi terbuka. Detail pertanyaan dan jawaban pada diskusi tersebut seperti yang tertera di Tabel 4. District Coordinator Aceh Jaya (Jusupta Tarigan), Endri Martini dan perwakilan dari Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan Aceh Jaya merespon beberapa pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh petani NOEL dan non NOEL. Tabel 4. Daftar pertanyaan yang diajukan petani pada musyawarah di Calang, 30 Mei 2008 No Pengaju Pertanyaan pertanyaan 1 Petani perwakilan Mengapa hanya buahbuahan, karet dan coklat dari CARITAS saja yang dikembangkan NOEL di Aceh Jaya? Mengapa NOEL tidak mengembangkan cengkeh?

Jawaban dari ICRAF dan Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan District coordinator NOEL Aceh Jaya menjelaskan bahwa pemilihan jenis tersebut dilakukan secara partisipatif oleh petani NOEL pada lokakarya yang diadakan pada awal proyek NOEL. Cengkeh pada saat ini tidak menjadi pilihan petani Aceh Jaya.

Sesi 2. Lomba Cerdas Terampil Petani Materi lomba cerdas terampil petani Aceh Jaya ini adalah teknik okulasi pada tanaman karet dan durian. Masing-masing kelompok tani mengirimkan 2 orang perwakilannya untuk melakukan okulasi karet (1 orang) dan okulasi durian (1 orang). Peserta dari kelompok NOEL perseorangan melakukan sendiri kedua okulasi karet dan durian tersebut. Perwakilan Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan dan perwakilan petani KOTIB yang belum pernah melakukan okulasi juga mengikuti perlombaan ini.


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Kriteria penilaian perlombaan ini adalah kerapian membalut, ketepatan membuka jendela, dan ketepatan menempatkan mata entres. Juri yang menilai: farmer specialists (Nandar, Asep dan Horas) dan nursery specialist (Haris). Dari 20 orang yang mengikuti lomba ini, maka pemenangnya: (a) Okulasi karet: Sulaeman (Green Manyang) dan Samsul (Gunung Buloh) (b) Okulasi Durian: Sulaeman (Green Manyang), Murdani (Payo Baru), Aisyiah (Indah Jaya) Penjelasan tentang penilaian yang dilakukan oleh juri diterangkan oleh farmer specialist (Asep untuk okulasi durian dan Horas untuk okulasi karet). Pembelajaran yang diperoleh dari perlombaan ini adalah, para petani masih harus belajar lebih berhati-hati dalam melakukan okulasi, terutama memperhatikan masalah kerapian dan kebersihan yang menjadi inti untuk kesuksesan produksi bibit unggul dengan perbanyakan vegetatif. Sesi 3. Diskusi untuk Rencana Tindak Lanjut Peserta dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok besar (cluster) yang keanggotaan per kelompok disusun secara acak. Diskusi dilakukan pada masing-masing cluster selama 1 jam. Perwakilan dari masing-masing cluster mempresentasikan hasil diskusi ke forum untuk input lebih lanjut. Detail informasi hasil diskusi pada masing-masing cluster dapat dilihat pada Lampiran 9. Secara umum, kesimpulan dari hasil diskusi: 1. Harapan tindak lanjut kegiatan pembibitan NOEL adalah (i) Aceh Jaya menjadi mandiri, (ii) adanya penyuluhan dan pelatihan pembibitan tanaman unggul, (iii) adanya pasar yang dapat menampung hasil pembibitan, (iv) adanya dukungan dari pemerintahan daerah, dan (v) ICRAF memfasilitasi pembentukan forum silaturahmi petani pembibitan Aceh Jaya sebelum program NOEL selesai. 2. Rencana tindak lanjut petani pembibitan di Aceh Jaya (a) melanjutkan pembibitan unggul sehingga setiap kelompok mampu menyediakan bibit unggul untuk keperluan sendiri dan untuk dipasarkan, (b) menambah anggota kelompok, (c) memperluas kebun pembibitan (batang bawah dan entres), (d) melakukan studi banding ke lokasi lainnya untuk menambah pengetahuan. 3. Forum komunikasi petani Semua peserta sepakat untuk membentuk forum silaturahmi/komunikasi antar petani di Aceh Jaya, khususnya petani pembibit tanaman unggul. Adapun tujuan dari pembentukan forum ini adalah mempersatukan kelompok tani di Aceh Jaya dan mempermudah akses informasi. Bentuk forumnya bisa berupa asosiasi dengan koperasi menjadi bagian dari asosiasi sebagai sumber pendanaan/modal bagi asosiasi. Langkah pertama pembentukan forum dapat dilakukan dengan membentuk jaringan antar kelompok tani pembibitan di Aceh Jaya. Kegiatan yang bisa dilakukan jika terbentuk forum tersebut adalah: (a) mendapatkan pengakuan dari pihak lainnya tentang keberadaan forum di Aceh Jaya, (b) menyusun pengurus forum silaturahmi, (c) menyusun program forum silaturahmi,


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(d) mengadakan pertemuan rutin setiap 2 bulan sekali. Rencana Konkrit Bersama untuk tindak lanjut pembentukan forum ini akan digodok oleh tim penggagas forum komunikasi petani Aceh Jaya, dengan penggagas per masingmasing area seperti pada Tabel 5. Pertemuan tim penggagas pertama akan dilakukan pada tanggal 14 Juni 2008 di Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian (BPP) Aceh Jaya, dengan agenda penyatuan visi dan misi pembentukan forum petani Aceh Jaya. ICRAF diharapkan dapat membantu memfasilitasi setiap rapat pembentukan forum petani ini. Tabel 5. Daftar penggagas forum komunikasi petani Aceh Jaya berdasarkan hasil kesepakatan pada musyawarah petani pembibit Aceh Jaya di BPP Aceh Jaya 30 mei 3008. No Nama Asal Kelompok No. Telpon 1 Hasan Indah Jaya 081377196098 2 Hasballah Tuwi Kareung 085260905914 3 Samsul Gunung Buloh 081362704404 4 Sulaeman Green Manyang 085260201838 5 Nasib Reuntang, Fajar 081377082550 6 Murdani Payo Baru 085277482969 7 Sulaeman Ubit Kotib 085277981065 8 Jefri CARDI 081360040094 9 Harbian Gunung Mantok 081377014288 10 Syamsul Koperasi Karya Bersama 081360155598 11 Tengku Muntasir Krueng Tho 085277108546

KESIMPULAN 1. Semua petani di ketiga kabupaten setuju untuk membangun jaringan pemasaran yang bentuknya bisa berupa forum komunikasi atau forum silaturahmi atau bahkan asosiasi dan koperasi jika memungkinkan. Bentuknya dan kegiatannya belum pasti dan masih harus ditindaklanjuti dan difasilitasi. 2. Strategi tindak lanjut kelompok tani di masing-masing kabupaten dapat dilihat pada Tabel 6. 3. Hasil survey yang dilakukan oleh tim NOEL-ICRAF dan kunjungan lapangan yang telah dilakukan oleh perwakilan kelompok tani ke luar provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam telah menambah wawasan petani dalam melihat kemungkinan-kemungkinan yang harus diperhatikan jika ingin mengembangkan pembibitan ke arah komersial dan bagaimana membentuk jaringan akan membantu mereka memasarkan bibitnya. 4. Berdasarkan hasil diskusi dengan beberapa kelompok tani, dan juga melihat kontribusi pendapatnya pada saat musyawarah petani, maka kelompok tani yang kemungkinan berpotensial menjadi operator pembibitan komersial (tree nursery enterprise) di masa mendatang: (ii) Pidie dan Pidie Jaya: Paya Guci, Tangse yang rencananya akan mengembangkan usaha pembibitan dan kebun buah unggul seperti Warso farm yang mereka lihat di Bogor.


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(iii)Aceh Barat: Ingin Maju 1 adalah kelompok tani NOEL yang sudah pernah menjuarai juara 2 lomba kelompok tani se-Aceh Barat pada tahun 2006. Dibandingkan kelompok tani lainnya, kelompok ini lebih progresif dalam merespon ide-ide yang distimulasi oleh tim ICRAF-NOEL. (iv) Aceh Jaya: belum ada yang dapat direkomendasikan, karena hampir semua kelompok tani berada pada tingkat kemampuan yang relatif sama. Perlu diskusi lebih detail dengan tim NOEL Aceh Jaya untuk menentukan kelompok yang berpotensial menjadi operator pembibitan komersial. Tabel 6. Strategi tindak lanjut kelompok tani pembibitan di Pidie dan Pidie Jaya, Aceh Barat dan Aceh Jaya berdasarkan hasil musyawarah pada 27-30 Mei 2008 Kabupaten Pidie dan Pidie Jaya

Aceh Barat

Aceh Jaya

Rencana kelompok tani NOEL 1. Melanjutkan pembibitan dengan ilmu yang telah diterima melalui program NOEL, dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan. 2. Membangun kerjasama antar pembibitan NOEL, dan dengan instansi pemerintahan terutama terkait dengan masalah sertifikasi bibit dan kelancaran pemasaran. 3. Mengembangkan pembibitan ke aspek pemasaran. 1. mengembangkan dan meningkatkan usaha pembibitan unggul ke arah komersial, 2. melakukan sertifikasi bibit tanaman buah dari BPSB, 3. mencari jaringan dan kemitraan untuk pemasaran, 4. membuat sub kelompok pada masing-masing kelompok tani untuk mencukupi kebutuhan bibit. 1. melanjutkan pembibitan unggul sehingga setiap kelompok mampu menyediakan bibit unggul untuk keperluan sendiri dan dipasarkan, 2. memperluas kebun pembibitan (batang bawah dan entres), 3. melakukan studi banding ke lokasi lainnya untuk menambah pengetahuan.


Forum petani ; Sepakat menyatakan perlu membentuk forum komunikasi antar petani yang berfungsi sebagai: sumber informasi dan mempermudah komunikasi dengan Dinas atau pasar. ; Belum ada rencana konkrit tentang bentuk dan kegiatan dari forum ini.

; Petani sepakat merasa sangat perlu membentuk forum komunikasi antar petani NOEL untuk saling menukar informasi. Bentuk forumnya bisa berupa asosiasi, koperasi ataupun jaringan. ; Belum ada rencana konkrit tentang bentuk dan kegiatan dari forum ini. ; Sepakat dengan forum petani yang berfungsi mempersatukan kelompok tani di Aceh Jaya dan mempermudah akses informasi. ; Bentuk dan kegiatannya secara konkrit akan didiskusikan oleh tim penggagas yang terbentuk melalui musyawarah ini, melalui rapat pertama yang akan dilakukan di BPP Aceh Jaya pada 14 Juni 2008.

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Lampiran 1. Daftar Nama Peserta Musyawarah di Pidie dan Pidie Jaya (27 Mei 2008) Kabupaten Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Pidie dan Pidie Jaya

No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

Nama Peserta Afnidar Ida Mulyadi Syarwani Zamaibon T.Masrudiah Banta Saidi Anwar Sanjani Amran Fitri Wahyuni Khairiyah Harun Umar Saputra Fatimah Manfarisjah Hamamah Marhalin Razali Abdullah M.Yunus Muhammaddiah T.Sabri Azhari Hidayat M.Yunus Hamaruddin BS Nur Anita Zuwairiah Jamaluddin M.Nur Baidillah Muhadir Martonis M.Jamil Wahidin Ikhwan Zainal Abidin M. Sabi Barqah


Nama Kelompok Ulim Ulim Ulim P.Cermin Titeue Sagoe Sagoe Agromuda Group Sagoe Paru cot Paru cot Paru cot Titeue Paru Keude Paru Keude Paru Keude Paya Guci Paya Guci Paya Guci Titeue Dinas Pertanian Blang Jeurat Blang Jeurat Blang Jeurat Dishutbun Nurul Fatah Geumpang Misbahul Huda LGPS LGPS Nurul Fatah Geumpang Nurul Fatah Geumpang Misbahul Huda Misbahul Huda Pucok Kunyet Kunyet Kunyet LGPS

Jenis Kelamin Perempuan Perempuan Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Perempuan Perempuan Lelaki Lelaki Perempuan Perempuan Perempuan Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Perempuan Perempuan Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki

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Lampiran 2. Daftar Nama Peserta Musyawarah di Meulaboh pada 29 Mei 2008 Kabupaten Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat

No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Nama Peserta Hamdan Munir Rosmawani Amsani Faridah Zainal Abidin Jufrizal Jumaloi M. Yana Mahyuddin

Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat Aceh Barat

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Abu Bakar Ali Burhan Devi Mutya Nurjannah Yusrawati Misran Maisal Safari Azhar Adami Dedi Karmalis Syukur Ruslijar Bakhtiar Tengku Irwanto Tengku Zainal Tengku Fakhrulrazi Musleh


Nama Kelompok Ingin Maju 1 Ingin Maju 1 Doa Kamou Doa Kamou Doa Kamou Spontaneous Cot Darat Ingin Maju 2 Ingin Maju 2 Tunas Baru Tunas Baru Spontaneous Panteu Ceureumen Ingin Maju 1 Dayah Diniyah Darussalam Dayah Diniyah Darussalam Dua Sepakat Dua Sepakat Dua Sepakat Makmour Beurata Makmour Beurata Makmour Beurata Dayah Diniyah Darussalam Tangkeh Paya Mangendrang Tunas Baru Dayah Darussalamah Dayah Darussalamah Dayah Darussalamah Spontaneous Sawang Tiebe

Jenis Kelamin Lelaki Lelaki Perempuan Perempuan Perempuan Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Perempuan Perempuan Perempuan Perempuan Perempuan Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki

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Lampiran 3. Daftar Nama Peserta Musyawarah di Aceh Jaya pada 30 Mei 2008 Kabupaten Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya

No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

Aceh Jaya

34

Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya Aceh Jaya

35 36 37 38

Nama Peserta Syaril Sulaiman Samsul Bahri Nur Aini Jamisah Jamadi Harbian Haji Jasmadi Amier M. Yunus Kadir Raimah SC Kasem Saring Hasan Basri Raiyah Aisyah Nurjannah Sabri Jamian Murdani Parmadi T. Muntasir M. Amin Samsuar Nasib Misnar Bahar Jefri Amiruddin M. Nasir YST T.Thanthawi MS M. Amin Sulaiman Ubit Usman Maun Zakaria YS Sapon (S390 044 322) Samsul Bahri Affan Ustad Akhmad Abdul Wahab M. Yahya B.


Nama Kelompok Kopontren Green Manyang Ingin Maju Gunung Buloh Ingin Maju Gunung Buloh Ingin Maju Gunung Buloh Bina Bersama Bina Bersama Bina Bersama Ingin Maju Tuwi Kareung Ingin Maju Tuwi Kareung Ingin Maju Tuwi Kareung Ingin Maju Tuwi Kareung Indah Jaya Indah Jaya Indah Jaya Indah Jaya Warung Ijo, Fajar Warung Ijo, Fajar Kopontren Fajar 2 Krueng Tho Krueng Tho Krueng Tho Susulan Reuntang CARDI CARDI CARDI CARITAS CARITAS CARITAS KOTIB KOTIB KOTIB

Jenis Kelamin Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Perempuan Perempuan Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Perempuan Lelaki Lelaki Perempuan Perempuan Perempuan Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki

Dishutbun

Lelaki

Koperasi Karya Bersama Tani Makmur Binaan BPP Binaan BPP

Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki Lelaki

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Lampiran 4. Agenda kegiatan di Sigli, 27 Mei 2008 Kegiatan Waktu Kedatangan Peserta dan Pendaftaran Ulang Peserta 09.00-09.15 Pembacaan Doa Pembukaan (sambutan kepala district NOEL) 09.15-10.00 Perkenalan dan Kesepakatan Alur Musyawarah REHAT 10.00-10.15 SESI 1 : Diseminasi Hasil Kegiatan: 10.15-12.00 Studi Kunjungan Lapangan yang dilakukan 20’ petani

Survey yang dilakukan ICRAF (arahannya pada pengembangan pemasaran dan fungsi forum silaturahmi)

DISKUSI ISHOMA LOMBA CERDAS TERAMPIL PETANI: Materi yang dilombakan: Æ praktek teknik perbanyakan vegetatif (okulasi dan sambung) Hadiah: Æ Juara 1: 5 gunting stek+10 kaos Æ Juara 2: 3 pisau okulasi+6 kaos Æ Juara 3: 2 pisau okulasi Peserta dikelompokkan menjadi 4 cluster: 1. Kelompok Tangse-Geumpang 2. Kelompok Keumala-Padang Tiji 3. Kelompok Bandar baru-Ulim 4. Kelompok Spontaneus Penilaian kriteria: ketepatan (kerapian dan kebersihan), kecepatan dan kekompakan tim REHAT DISKUSI RENCANA TINDAK LANJUT dari yang kegiatan yang sudah dilakukan dengan project NOEL. (Apa rencana ke depannya?... perlukah forum silaturahmi? Jika perlu, seperti apa bentuk yang diinginkan, dan tindak lanjut apa yang harus dilakukan?) Æ dilakukan per cluster PENUTUP Pembacaan Doa Penutup


25’

Pelaksana Panitia Pelaksana Bukhari Zulfadli Endri Panitia Petani yang melakukan cross visit ke Bogor (Yunus dan Zuwairiah) Endri

45’ 12.00-13.30 13.30-14.30

Zulfadli Panitia Mahyudin, Mulus, Said, Bukhari, Endri

14.30-14.45 14.45-15.45

Panitia Zulfadli+Endri+Nazar+ tim NOEL-Pidie

15.45-16.00

Deputy NOEL (Nazar) Bukhari

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Lampiran 5. Agenda di Aceh Barat, 29 Mei 2008 Kegiatan Waktu Kedatangan Peserta dan Pendaftaran Ulang Peserta 09.30-09.45 Pembacaan Doa Pembukaan (sambutan kepala district NOEL) 09.45-10.15 Perkenalan dan Kesepakatan Alur Musyawarah REHAT 10.15-10.30 SESI 1 : Diseminasi Hasil Kegiatan: 10.30-12.00 Survey yang dilakukan ICRAF (arahannya 20’ pada pengembangan pemasaran dan fungsi forum silaturahmi) Pemutaran film kunjungan ke Muara 25’ Bungo Presentasi hasil kunjungan ke Muara 15’ Bungo DISKUSI ISHOMA DISKUSI RENCANA TINDAK LANJUT dari yang kegiatan yang sudah dilakukan dengan project NOEL. (Apa rencana ke depannya?... perlukah forum silaturahmi? Jika perlu, seperti apa bentuk yang diinginkan, dan tindak lanjut apa yang harus dilakukan?) Peserta dibagi menjadi 2 cluster, yaitu cluster Samatiga-Woyla dan cluster Panteu Ceureumen-Kaway XVI. Diskusi dilakukan per cluster. Presentasi rencana tindak lanjut per cluster REHAT Kesimpulan hasil musyawarah dan Penutup Pembacaan Doa Penutup


30’ 12.00-13.15 13.15-14.15

Pelaksana Panitia Pratik Endri Panitia Endri

Panitia Hamdan,

Moderator: Pratik Panitia Pratik+Endri+Nazar +tim ICRAF Aceh Barat

30’

30’

14.15-14.30 14.30-15.00

Panitia Deputy NOEL (Nazar)

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Lampiran 6. Agenda Kegiatan Musyawarah Petani di Calang, 30 Mei 2008 Kegiatan Waktu Pelaksana Kedatangan Peserta dan Pendaftaran 08.45-09.15 Panitia Pelaksana Ulang Peserta Pembukaan, Perkenalan dan Kesepakatan 09.15-10.00 Endri Martini + JT + Nazar Alur Acara Idris REHAT (Kopi, teh, snacks) 10.00-10.15 Panitia SESI 1 : Diseminasi Hasil Kegiatan: 10.15-12.00 Studi Kunjungan Lapangan ke Muara 45’ Hasan dan T.Muntasir Bungo yang dilakukan petani Survey yang dilakukan ICRAF (arahannya 15’ Endri Martini pada pengembangan pemasaran dan fungsi forum silaturahmi) DISKUSI 45’ Moderator: JT ISHOMA 12.00-14.00 Panitia LOMBA CERDAS TERAMPIL PETANI: 14.00-14.45 Panitia Antar Kelompok Tani dengan Perwakilan 2 orang per kelompok. Materi yang dilombakan: teknik okulasi pada karet dan durian Hadiah: Kaos NOEL REHAT 14.45-15.00 Panitia DISKUSI RENCANA TINDAK LANJUT 15.00-16.00 JT+Endri Martini dari yang kegiatan yang sudah dilakukan. (Apa rencana ke depannya?... perlukah forum silaturahmi? Jika perlu, seperti apa bentuk yang diinginkan, dan tindak lanjutnya?) Kesepakatan Rencana Tindak Lanjut dan 16.00-16.30 Jusupta Tarigan Penutup


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Lampiran 7. Rencana Tindak Lanjut Kelompok Tani NOEL di Pidie dan Pidie Jaya Cluster

Rencana tindak lanjut

Tangse-Geumpang

1. Melanjutkan pembibitan untuk mengembangkan pembibitan ke depan yang cerah 2. Kerjasama antar pembibitan 3. Menghasilkan pembibitan yang lebih unggul 4. Pengembangan pemasaran 5. Ingin mensejahterakan kelompok 1. menjalin kerjasama dengan instansi pemerintah terkait 2. perlu adanya seorang Pembina dari dinas terkait 3. perlu adanya struktur organisasi kelompok pembibitan 4. perlu adanya sertifikasi bibit demi kejelasan dan kelancaran pemasaran

Keumala-Padang Tiji

Bandar Baru -Ulim

Rencana kita ke depan, ingin meneruskan apa yang sudah kita pelajari, supaya sukses mencapai masa depan yang lebih cerah


Pendapat tentang Forum Komunikasi Petani NOEL Perlu membuat forum komunikasi petani NOEL yang berfungsi untuk: (i) tukar informasi seperti melalui HP (ii) Menyediakan entres yang berlabel (iii) Pembentukan badan koperasi (iv) Study banding antar kelompok

Perlu forum komunikasi antar pembibitan yang berfungsi sebagai: (i) sumber informasi tentang perkembangan dan kemajuan pembibitan. (ii) Sarana komunikasi antar anggota dan instansi sehingga bisa terjalin hubungan yang harmonis antar pihak (iii) Bahu-membahu menangani rehabilitasi hutan dengan tanaman unggul buah dan tanaman kehutanan Perlu ada forum komunikasi petani NOEL supaya dapat bergabung dan berkomunikasi antara group Ulim dan Bandar Baru melalui komunikasi atau jaringan.

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Lampiran 8. Rencana Tindak Lanjut Kelompok Tani NOEL di Aceh Barat Rencana Tindak Lanjut Cluster Panteu CeureumenKaway XVI

Per kelompok tani

Dua Sepakat

Mengembangkan dan memelihara tanaman dan pembibitan yang ada Mencari Jaringan/Mitra Usaha (i) Memperluas informasi pemasaran, (ii) membuat kebun entres tanaman buah, (iii) meningkatkan produksi bibit, (iv) mengupayakan sertifikasi benih kepada BPSB, (v) membuat kelompok kecil untuk mendukung pembibitan inti. (i) program NOEL berkelanjutan, (ii) menyatukan visi dan misi di antara kelompok dalam mencari usaha untuk pemasaran. kami ingin melanjutkan kegiatan pembibitan secara kelompok dan pribadi, dan ingin diakui oleh pihak terkait (pertanian). kami ingin melanjutkan kegiatan pembibitan secara pribadi dan mengembangkan ke arah komersial. kami ingin melanjutkan pembibitan secara pribadi dan ingin mengembangkan ke arah bisnis.

Giat Usaha

kami ingin melanjutkan kegiatan pembibitan secara pribadi dan ingin mengembangkan ke arah komersial

Muslih Dayah

Ingin Maju 1

Tunas Baru SamatigaWoyla Doa Kamou

Makmour Beurata


Per cluster

1/ mengembangkan dan meningkatkan pembibitan unggul 2/ sertifikasi benih dari BPSB 3/ mencari jaringan dan kemitraan untuk pemasaran 4/ untuk mencukupi kebutuhan bibit perlu dibuat sub kelompok

1/ Dari semua kelompok ingin melanjutkan kegiatan usaha pembibitan 2/ Mengembangkan pembibitan ke arah komersial 3/ Perlu penanggulanganan terhadap kendala yang dihadapi dalam membuat pembibitan, seperti: (i) keterbatasan lahan, (ii) tidak ada pagar, (iii) tidak jelas sumber biji, (iv) Perlu pupuk/obat-obatan, (v) perlu alat penyiraman, (vi) perlu polybag

Rencana Pembentukan Forum Sangat perlu membentuk forum komunikasi antar petani NOEL, dengan bentuk Asosiasi atau Koperasi (untuk mendapatkan modal). Bentuk kegiatannya: mengadakan pertemuan rutin dan menyusun program kerja Perlu membentuk forum komunikasi dengan bentuk pertemuan bergulir dengan jadwal pertemuan setiap 2 bulan sekali dengan tujuan untuk saling menukar informasi. Dana untuk pertemuan akan dikenakan pada masingmasing anggota kelompok.

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Lampiran 9. Rencana Tindak Lanjut Kelompok Tani NOEL di Aceh Jaya Kelompok

2

3

Harapan (1) Aceh Jaya Mandiri (2) Pelatihan yang berkelanjutan (3) Dinas mendukung penuh kegiatan

Belum ada

ICRAF memfasilitasi pembentukan forum silaturahmi tersebut sebelum program NOEL selesai

1/melanjutkan pembibitan unggul 2/menambah anggota kelompok 3/ memperluas kebun pembibitan (batang bawah dan entres)

1/ setiap kelompok mampu menyediakan bibit unggul untuk keperluan sendiri dan untuk dipasarkan 2/ melakukan studi banding ke lokasi lain yang dapat menambah pengetahuan

1

4

Rencana Tindak Lanjut

1/ Adanya pelatihan dan penyuluhan pembibitan unggul 2/ Adanya pasar yang dapat menampung hasil dari pembibitan


Rencana Pembentukan Forum 1/ Perlu dibentuk forum silaturahmi 2/ Bentuk forum: Koperasi Usaha Pertanian dan Perkebunan 3/ Kegiatannya: pelatihan pembibitan sampai pemasaran, akses informasi, pinjaman modal usaha 1/ Perlu adanya forum silaturahmi. 2/ Bentuknya: Koperasi 3/ Kegiatannya: (i) Pengakuan adanya forum silaturahmi di Aceh Jaya (ii) Penyusunan pengurus forum silaturahmi (iii) Penyusunan program forum silaturahmi (iv) Mengadakan pertemuan setiap 2 bulan sekali 1/ Perlu adanya forum silaturahmi. 2/ Bentuknya: Asosiasi Kelompok Tani Pengembangan Bibit Unggul Aceh Jaya (karena ada AD/ART yang jelas dan terarah, lebih luas lingkupnya, Koperasi bisa menjadi bagian dari Asosiasi) 3/ Tindak Lanjutnya: (i) Mampu menpersatukan kelompok tani di Aceh Jaya (ii) Mampu membuat atau mengadakan bibit unggul di Aceh Jaya (dari mulai cara pembuatannya, pemeliharaan sampai pemasarannya. (iii) Terbentuknya sebuah koperasi kelompok tani untuk mempermudah sumber pendanaan baik untuk usaha pembibitan atau lainnya

1/ Sangat perlu forum silaturahmi. 2/ Bentuknya: Jaringan antar kelompok 3/ Tindak lanjutnya: akan dibicarakan setelah jaringan antar kelompok terbentuk

Page 49 of 51

Lampiran 10. Presentasi ”Potensi pengembangan pembibitan berorientasi pasar dan fungsi forum silaturahmi di Aceh” oleh Endri Martini


Page 50 of 51


Page 51 of 51

Endri Martini I. INTRODUCTION

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