EFISIENSI IRIGASI TETES DAN KEBUTUHAN AIR TANAMAN BUNGA KOL PADA TANAH ANDOSOL
SKRIPSI
Oleh : IRVAN IMMANUEL SILALAHI 080308054
PROGRAM STUDI KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2012
Universitas Sumatera Utara
EFISIENSI IRIGASI TETES DAN KEBUTUHAN AIR TANAMAN BUNGA KOL PADA TANAH ANDOSOL
SKRIPSI
Oleh : IRVAN IMMANUEL SILALAHI 080308054/Teknik Pertanian
Skripsi sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana diFakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara
Disetujui oleh : Komisi Pembimbing
(Prof.Dr.Ir.Sumono, MS) Ketua
(Ir.Saipul Bahri Daulay, M.Si) Anggota
PROGRAM STUDI KETEKNIKAN PERTANIAN FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2012
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK IRVAN IMMANUEL SILALAHI: Efisiensi Irigasi Tetes dan Kebutuhan Air Tanaman Bunga Kol pada Tanah Andosol, dibimbing oleh SUMONO dan SAIPUL BAHRI DAULAY. Penelitian inidilaksanakan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji efisiensi irigasi tetes dan kebutuhan air tanaman bunga kol pada tanah andosol. Parameter yang diamati adalah efisiensi pemakaian air, efisiensi penyimpanan airdan kebutuhan air tanaman. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa efisiensi pemakaian air terendah terjadi pada fase awal pertumbuhan sebesar 91,85%, efisiensi pemakaian air terbesar terjadi pada fase awal, tengah dan akhir pertumbuhan sebesar 100%. Efisiensi penyimpanan air terendah terjadi pada fase awal pertumbuhan sebesar 23,77%, efisiensi penyimpanan air terbesar terjadi pada fase akhir sebesar 76,42%. Kebutuhan air tanaman pada fase awal sebesar 2,88 mm/hari, pada fase tengah pertumbuhan sebesar 6,58 mm/hari dan fase akhir pertumbuhan sebesar 6,1 mm/hari. Kata kunci : Efisiensi Irigasi Tetes, Kebutuhan Air Tanaman, Tanah Andosol Bunga Kol ABSTRACT IRVAN IMMANUEL SILALAHI :The Efficiency of Drip Irrigation and Plant Water Requirement of Cauliflower on Andosol Land, supervised by SUMONO and SAIPUL BAHRI DAULAY. This research was held to determine and assess the efficiency of drip irrigation and crop water requirement of cauliflower on andosol land. The parameters observed were the efficiency of the use of water, the efficiency of the water storage and plant water requirement. The results of this experiment indicated thatthe lowest water consumption efficiency was occur seed in the early phase of growth was 91,85%, the largest water consumption efficiency was occured in the beginning, middle and end phase of the growth was 100%. The lowest water storage efficiency occured was at the early phase of growth was 23,77%, the largest water storage efficiency occured was in the final phase was 76,42%. Crop water requirement in the initial phase was 2.88 mm/day, in the middle phase of growth was 6,58 mm/day and the final phase of the growth was 6.1 mm/day. Keyword:Efficiency of Drip Irrigation,Plant Water Requirement, Andosol Land, Cauliflower
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KATA PENGANTAR
Puji dan syukur penulis ucapkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Efisiensi Irigasi Tetes dan Kebutuhan Air Tanaman Bunga Kol pada Tanah Andosol” yang merupakan salah satu syarat untuk mendapatkan gelar sarjana di Program Studi Keteknikan Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. Pada kesempatan ini penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Bapak Prof.Dr.Ir.Sumono,MS sebagai ketua komisi pembimbing danBapak Ir.Saipul Bahri Daulay,M.Si sebagaianggota komisi pembimbing serta Bapak Ir. Edi Susanto, M.Si yang telah membimbing dan memberikan berbagai masukan, saran dan kritikan berharga kepada penulis sehingga skripsi ini dapat diselesaikan dengan baik.
Medan, September 2012
Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI
Hal ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................... ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................. DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................. PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang .............................................................................................. Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................................... Kegunaan Penelitian ..................................................................................... TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Irigasi ............................................................................................................ Irigasi Tetes ................................................................................................... Komponen Irigasi Tetes ................................................................................ Jaringan pipa irigasi tetes .................................................................... Pompa ................................................................................................... Emiter .................................................................................................. Debit .............................................................................................................. Keseragaman Air............................................................................................ Kebutuhan Air Tanaman ................................................................................ Efisiensi Pemakaian Air ................................................................................ Efisiensi Penyimpanan Air............................................................................. Kapasitas Lapang ........................................................................................... Sifat Fisik Tanah ............................................................................................ Tekstur Tanah ....................................................................................... Kerapatan massa tanah ......................................................................... Kerapatan partikel tanah ....................................................................... Ruang pori atau porositas ..................................................................... Kadar Air........................................................................................................ PotensialAir Tanah ......................................................................................... Tensiometer .................................................................................................... Struktur Tanah................................................................................................ Berat Kering Tanaman ................................................................................... Andosol .......................................................................................................... Rumah Plastik ................................................................................................ Bunga Kol ...................................................................................................... Botani.................................................................................................... Tanah .................................................................................................... Iklim...................................................................................................... Kebutuhan Air Irigasi..................................................................................... Frekuensi Irigasi ............................................................................................. Produksi Tanaman ..........................................................................................
i i ii iv v 1 4 4 5 7 9 9 9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 15 17 18 19 20 20 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 25 25
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METODOLOGI PENELITIAN Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ....................................................................... Bahan dan Alat Penelitian ............................................................................. Metode Penelitian ......................................................................................... Prosedur Penelitian ....................................................................................... Parameter Penelitian ...................................................................................... HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Sifat Fisik Tanah ............................................................................................ Tekstur Tanah ....................................................................................... Kerapatan massa ................................................................................... Kerapatan partikel................................................................................. Ruang pori atau porositas ..................................................................... Kapasitas Lapang ........................................................................................... Keseragaman Air............................................................................................ Debit ............................................................................................................... Waktu Penyiraman ......................................................................................... Kebutuhan Air Tanaman ................................................................................ Efisiensi Irigasi tetes ...................................................................................... Produksi Tanaman .......................................................................................... Potensial Matriks Tanah................................................................................. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN Kesimpulan .................................................................................................... Saran............................................................................................................... DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................
27 27 27 27 30 31 31 31 32 33 34 34 35 36 37 38 40 42 44 44 45
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DAFTAR TABEL No.
Hal
1. Kriteria Keseragaman Tetesan ......................................................................... 12 2. Hasil Analisa Tekstur Tanah ............................................................................ 31 3. Hasil Analisa Kerapatan Massa Tanah ............................................................. 31 4. Hasil Analisa Kerapatan Partikel Tanah........................................................... 32 5. Hasil Analisa Ruang Pori atau Porositas .......................................................... 33 6. Kapasitas Lapang.............................................................................................. 34 7. Keseragaman Air .............................................................................................. 35 8. Debit Air Irigasi per Tanaman .......................................................................... 36 9. Debit Air Manual.............................................................................................. 36 10. Lama Penyiraman .............................................................................................. 37 11. Kebutuhan Air Tanaman .................................................................................... 37 12. Efisiensi irigasi tetes fase awal pertumbuhan tanaman..................................... 38 13. Efisiensi irigasi tetes fase tengah pertumbuhan tanaman ................................. 38 14. Efisiensi irigasi tetes fase akhir pertumbuhan tanaman .................................... 38 15. Produksi Tanaman ............................................................................................ 41 16. Nilai hisapan air tanah pada kondisi tidak jenuh .............................................. 42
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN No.
Hal
1. Flowchart Penelitian ........................................................................................ 47 2. Data Suhu Tahun 2011 ..................................................................................... 48 3. Persentase Jam Siang Lintang Utara ................................................................ 49 4. Perhitungan Jam Siang Lintang Utara .............................................................. 50 5. Perhitungan Kapasitas Lapang ......................................................................... 51 6. Perhitungan Keseragaman Air .......................................................................... 52 7. Perhitungan Kebutuhan Air Tanaman .............................................................. 53 8. Perhitungan Waktu Penyiraman ....................................................................... 56 9. Data efisiensi Pemakaian Air Irigasi Pada setiap Fase Pertumbuhan .............. 57 10. Data efisiensi Penyimpanan Air Irigasi Pada setiap Fase Pertumbuhan .......... 60 11 .Perhitungan Bulk Density, Paricle Density, dan Porositas ................................ 63
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