THE STUDENTS’ PROBLEMS IN USING INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE ARTICLES IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FROM THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MTS MIFTAHUL JANNAH PALANGKA RAYA
THESIS
Presented to the Department of Education of the State Islamic Studies Palangka Raya in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam
By
AYUB SRN: 0901120434
THE STATE ISLAMIC COLLEGE OF PALANGKA RAYA THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION THE STUDY PROGRAM OF ENGLISH EDUCATION 1435 H / 2014 M
i
LEGALIZATION OF THESIS EXAMINING COMMITTEE This thesis entitles THE STUDENTS’ PROBLEMS IN USING INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE ARTICLES IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FROM THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MTS MIFTAHUL JANNAH PALANGKA RAYA in the name of Ayub, and his Students Registration Number is 090 112 0434. It has been examined in Examining Team of the State College of Islamic Studies of Palangka Raya on: Day : Tuesday Date : Rajab 8, 1435 H/April 8, 2014 Palangka Raya, April 2014 Examining Team:
1. Siminto, M.Hum Chairman/Member
(……………………………………….)
2. Sabarun, M.Pd Member
(.……………………………………....)
3. Dra. Halimah, M.Pd Member
(………………………………….........)
4. Luqman Baehaqi, S.S., M.Pd Secretary/Member
(……………………………………….)
The State Islamic College of Palangka Raya Director,
Dr. Ibnu Elmi A.S. Pelu, S.H., M.H NIP. 197501091999031002
ii
APPROVAL OF THESIS ADVISORY COMMITTEE Title of the thesis
:THE STUDENTS’ PROBLEMS IN USING INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE ARTICLES IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FROM THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MTS MIFTAHUL JANNAH PALANGKA RAYA
Name
: Ayub
SRN
: 0901120434
Department
: Education
Study Program
: English Education
Level
: (S-1)
Palangka Raya,
November 2013
Approved by: Advisor I,
Advisor II,
Dra. Halimah, M.Pd
Luqman Baehaqi, S.S., M.Pd
ORN. 196712261446032003
ORN. 19800823201101005
Vice director in Academic Affairs,
The Chair of Education Department,
Drs. Fahmi, M.Pd
Triwid S.N., M.Pd
ORN. 196105201999031003
ORN. 197109142003122001
iii
PERSETUJUAN SKRIPSI Judul
: THE STUDENTS’ PROBLEMS IN USING INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE ARTICLES IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FROM THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MTS MIFTAHUL JANNAH PALANGKA RAYA
Nama
: Ayub
NIM
: 0901120434
Jurusan
: Tarbiyah
Program Studi
: Bahasa Inggris
Jenjang
: (S-1)
Palangka Raya,
November 2013
Mengetahui: Pembimbing I,
Pembimbing II,
Dra. Halimah, M.Pd
Luqman Baehaqi, S.S., M.Pd
NIP. 196712261446032003
NIP. 19800823201101005
Wakil Ketua Bidang Akademik dan Pengembangan Lembaga
Ketua Jurusan Tarbiyah
Drs. Fahmi, M.Pd
Triwid S.N., M.Pd
NIP. 196105201999031003
NIP. 197109142003122001
iv
OFFICIAL NOTE Case : Please be examined
Palangka Raya,
November 2013
Ayub’s Thesis To,
Director
of
the
State
College of Islamic Studies of Palangka Raya InPalangka Raya Peace be unto you and God’s mercy and blessing as well. By reading and analyzing of thesis’s revision, we think that thesis in the name of: Name
: Ayub
Student Registration Number
: 0901120434
Title of the thesis
:THE
STUDENTS’
INDEFINITE
AND
PROBLEMS DEFINITE
IN
USING
ARTICLES
IN
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FROM THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS
OF
MTS
MIFTAHUL
JANNAH
PALANGKA RAYA can be examined in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan in English Education of the Department of Education STAIN Palangka Raya. Thank you for your attention. Peace be with and God’s blessing.
Advisor I,
Advisor II,
Dra. Halimah, M.Pd
Luqman Baehaqi, S.S., M.Pd
ORN. 196712261446032003
ORN. 19800823201101005
v
NOTA DINAS Hal : Mohon dimunaqasahkan Skripsi
Palangka Raya,
November 2013
Saudara Ayub Kepada Yth. Ketua Panitia Ujian Skripsi STAIN Palangka Raya diPalangka Raya Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb. Setelah membaca, memeriksa, dan mengadakan perbaikan seperlunya, maka kami berpendapat bahwa skripsi saudara: Nama
: Ayub
NIM
: 0901120434
Judul Skripsi
:THE
STUDENTS’
INDEFINITE
PROBLEMS
AND
DEFINITE
IN
USING
ARTICLES
IN
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FROM THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS
OF
MTS
MIFTAHUL
JANNAH
PALANGKA RAYA Sudah dapat diajukan untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Pendidikan Islam pada Jurusan Tarbiyah Program Studi Tadris Bahasa Inggris STAIN Palangka Raya. Demikian atas perhatiannya diucapkan terima kasih. Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Pembimbing I,
Pembimbing II,
Dra. Halimah, M.Pd
Luqman Baehaqi, S.S., M.Pd
NIP. 196712261446032003
NIP. 19800823201101005
vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin. In the name of Allah, the Merciful, Lord of the universe, praise be to Him. Thanks to Allah the Lord of the world who has given guidance, till I could finish this thesis entitled: The Students’ Problems in Using Indefinite and Definite Articles in Descriptive Text from the Eight Grade Students of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya. Shalawat and Salam are always dedicated to the last Prophet Muhammad Shallallahu’alaihi wa sallam, His Family, Companions, and Followers. The writer would like to thank for all people who has given supports, advices, and opportunities during the whole process so writer could finish this thesis. Therefore the writer would like to say thanks to: 1. Dr. Ibnu Elmi A.S. Pelu, S.H., M.H., as the Director of STAIN Palangka Raya for his permission and direction of conducting this thesis. 2. Triwid S.N., M.Pd., as the Chair of the Department of Education for her permission so that the writer can accomplish the requirements for composing this thesis. 3. Santi Erliana, M.Pd., as the Coordinator of the English Education Study Program for her advice , suggestion, and encouragement in conducting this thesis. 4. Dra. Halimah, M.Pd., as the first Advisor for the guidance, encouragement, and suggestions during composing this thesis. 5. Luqman Baehaqi, S.S., M.Pd, as the second Advisor for the guidance, encouragement, and suggestions during composing this thesis. 6. Warsidi, M.Pd., as the Headmaster of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya for his permission in conducting study at the school. 7. Muhammad Rezeki, S.PdI., as the teacher of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya for his permission in conducting study at the school.
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The writer realizes that there are no perfect words which can describe his feeling except the word thank you. May Allah be around us and gives His affection and straight away whenever we are till the end of the day. Amin.
Palangka Raya,
November 2013 Writer,
AYUB SRN. 090 112 0434
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DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICATION
In the name of Allah I myself make declaration that this thesis entitles THE STUDENTS’ PROBLEMS IN USING INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE ARTICLES IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FROM THE EIGHT GRADE STUDENTS OF MTS MIFTAHUL JANNAH PALANGKA RAYA, is truly my own writing. If it is not my own writing so, it is given a citation and shown in the list of references. If my own declaration is not right in this thesis one day so, I am ready to be given academic sanction namely, the cancellation of the degree of this thesis.
Palangka Raya,
November 2013
My Own Declaration,
AYUB SRN. 090 112 0434
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THE STUDENTS’ PROBLEMS IN USING INDEFINITE AND DEFINITE ARTICLES IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT FROM THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MTS MIFTAHUL JANNAH PALANGKA RAYA ABSTRACT The principle aim of the study is to know the students’ problems in using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text from the eighth grade students of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya. The sample of the study are VIIIB grade students of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya. The number of participants are 22 students. The writer used descriptive design approach. To take the data, the writer used research instruments. They are: test and questioner. The test are translation, and multiple choice. The multiple choice test and questioner is used for to investigate the students’ ability in using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text. The data collection used are editing, coding, scoring, tabulating, collecting students’ test, description of errors, explanation of errors, and evaluation of errors. The data analysis used are: data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The result of study were interferences of L1 (Indonesian) in translation test which can be summarized as: (1) there were 9 students’ answer sheets were interfered by L1 or Indonesian in translation test. (2) there were 17 answers of students’ answer sheet in translation test were interference, the form of interference were phenomena of divergence and unfair. (3) there were 7 kinds of phrase that written by students. (4) there were 8 (47.06%) interference containing phenomena of divergence. (5) there was 0 (0%) interference containing unfair. (6) there were 9 (52.94%) interference containing both phenomena of divergence and unfair. (7) there were 16 students (72.73%) had ability test in using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text, there 6 students (27.27%) had failure in using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text. Keywords: Problem, Use, Indefinite Article, Definite Article, Descriptive Text
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PROBLEMATIKA SISWA DALAM MENGGUNAKAN INDEFINITE DAN DEFINITE ARTICLES DALAM DESCRIPTIVE TEXT DARI SISWA KELAS VIII MTS MIFTAHUL JANNAH PALANGKA RAYA ABSTRAK Tujuan dasar dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui problematika siswa dalam menggunakan indefinite dan definite articles dalam descriptive text dari siswa kelas VIII MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIIIB MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya. jumlah partisipannya adalah 22 siswa. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan disain deskriptif. Untuk mengambil data, penulis menggunakan alat penelitian. Diantaranya: tes dan kuesioner. Tes tersebut adalah tes menerjemahkan, dan pilihan ganda. Tes Pilihan ganda dan Kuesioner digunakan untuk mendukung data. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah editing, koding, penilaian, tabulasi, kumpulan tes siswa, deskripsi kesalahan, penjelasan kesalahan, dan evaluasi kesalahan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah reduksi data, tampilan data, dan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian adalah interferensi B1 (Indonesia) dalam test terjemah yang dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: (1) ada 9 lembar jawaban siswa terpengaruh oleh bahasa pertama dalam tes menerjemahkan. (2) ada 17 jawaban dari lembar jawaban siswa mempunyai gangguan bahasa dalam tes menerjemahkan. (3) ada 7 macam frase yang ditulis oleh para siswa. (4) ada 8 (47.06%) gangguan bahasa berisi fenomena divergen. (5) ada 0 (0%) gangguan bahasa berisi ketidak adilan. (6) ada 9 (52.94%) gangguan bahasa berisi fenomena divergen dan ketidak adilan. (7) ada 16 (72.73%) siswa mempunyai kemampuan pada tes dalam menggunakan indefinite dan definite articles dalam descriptive text, ada 6 (27.27%) gagal pada tes dalam menggunakan indefinite dan definite articles dalam descriptive text. Kata Kunci: Problematika, Menggunakan, Kata Sandang Tak Tentu, Kata Sandang Tertentu, Teks Deskriptif
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DEDICATION Sincerely, this thesis is dedicated to:
My beloved parents and family who always give me love, pray, and affection. My
beloved
brothers
and
sisters who always support me with their attention. My
friends
Palangka
Raya
of
TBI
who
STAIN always
motivate me to study. My 1st and 2nd Advisor who always advice and support me to finish this thesis. May Allah SWT always bless us.
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MOTTO “You learn something every day if you pay attention” (Ray Leblond)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page COVER OF PAGE………………………………………………………………..……… i LEGALIZATION OF THESIS EXAMINING COMMITTEE………..……………… ii APPROVAL OF THESIS ADVISORY COMMITTEE………..……………………… iii OFFICIAL NOTE................................................................................................................ iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT..................................................................................................... v DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICATION………………………………………….… vii ABSTRACT……………………………………………………..………………………… viii DEDICATION………………………………………………….………………………… x MOTTO………………………………………………………………………………..….. xi TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………..……….. xii LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………….………….. xiv LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………...……………….. xv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS……………………………………………………………. xvi LIST OF APPENDICES……………………………………………...………………….. xvii CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTION A. B. C. D. E. F. G.
CHAPTER
II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I.
CHAPTER
III
Background of the Study………………………………………. 1 Problem of the Study…………………………………………... 4 Delimitation of the study………………………………………. 4 Assumption of the Study……………………………………….. 5 Objective of the Study…………………………………………. 5 Significance of the study……………………………………….. 5 Operational Delimitation Key Terms…………………………...5
Prior Studies……………………………………………………. 7 Second Language Acquisition…………………………………. 9 Contrastive Analysis…………………………………………… 10 Interference…………………………………………………….. 13 Syntactic Categories…………………………………………….15 Determiner…………………………………………………...… 17 Article in English………………………………………………. 18 Article in Indonesian…………………………………………… 27 Descriptive Text………………………………………………... 28
RESEARCH METHOD A. Research Type………………………………………………….. 31 B. Research Design………………………………………………...31 C. Population and Sample………………………………………… 32 1. Population………………………………………………….. 32 2. Sample………………………………………………………33 D. Research Instruments…………………………………………... 34 1. Research Instruments………………………………………. 34 2. Research Instruments Validity……………………………... 38 E. Data Collection………………………………………………… 40 xiv
F. Data Analysis…………………………………………………... 41 CHAPTER
IV
RESULT OF STUDY AND DISCUSSION A. Result of Study……………………..…………………………... 44 B. Discussion………………………………………………….…... 61
CHAPTER
V
CLOSING A. Conclusion……………………………………………………... 63 B. Suggestion……………………………………………………… 63
REFERENCES APPENDICES
xv
LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Syntactic Categories……………...…………....................................................... 15 Table 3.1 The population of VIII grade students of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya.. 33 Table 3.2 The sample of VIII grade students of MTs Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya…… 34 Table 3.3 The valuation of cognitive value………………………………………………... 43 Table 4.1 The description of the students’ interference in using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text…………………...…………....................................................... 45 Table 4.2 List of XEA’s interference………………………………………………………. 48 Table 4.3 List of WFK’s interference……………………………………………………… 49 Table 4.4 List of RDS’s interference………………………………………………………. 50 Table 4.5 List of DUF’s interference………………………………………………………. 50 Table 4.6 List of CPX’s interference……………………………………………………... 51 Table 4.7 List of NGL’s interference……………………………………………………... 52 Table 4.8 List of ZTS’s interference……………………………………………………… 53 Table 4.9 List of YGT’s interference……………………………………………………... 55 Table 4.10 List of OJK’s interference………………………………………………………56 Table 4.11 The description percentage of phrase in using indefinite and definite articles… 57 Table 4.12 The description percentage of using phenomena of divergence and unfair in using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text…………………...…………. 57 Table 4.13 The result of students’ test in using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text……………………………………………………………………….……...59 Table 4.14 The result of questionnaire by students in using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text….……………………………………………………….……... 60
xvi
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.1 The description phenomena of divergence and unfair in using indefinite and definite articles in descriptive text………………………………………………….…………………………...58
xvii
LIST OF ABBREVIATION MTs
=
Madrasah Tsanawiyah
L1
=
First Language
L2
=
Second Language
xviii
LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1
Test Item
Appendix 2
Answer of Test Item
Appendix 3
Analysis Item
Appendix 4
Interater Item
Appendix 5
Test Item
Appendix 6
Answer of Test Item
Appendix 7
Students Score
Appendix 8
Questionnaire Item
Appendix 9
Codes of students name
Appendix 10 Documentation of Test Activity
xix
REFERENCES Arikunto, Suharsimi, Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2006. Ary, Donald, et.al, Introduction To Research in Education, United States: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2010. Brown, H. Douglas, Teaching By Principle An Interactive Approach To Language Pedagogy, California: Longman, 2000. Chaer, Abdul, Tata Bahasa Praktis Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2011. Creswell, John W., Research Design Pendekatan Kualitatif , Kuantitatif dan Mixed, Pustaka Belajar, t.th. Departemen Pendidikan Nasional,
Pengembangan Silabus
Dan
Sistem Penilaian
Berdasarkan Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi, Jakarta: Depdiknas, 2003. Fauzi, Iwan, A Preliminary Understanding of English Syntax, Palangka Raya: STAIN Palangka Raya, 2012. Gass, Susan M., and Larry Selinker, Second Language Acquisition; An Introductory Course, New York: Taylor & Francis, t.th. Guntur Tarigan, Henry, and Djago Tarigan, Pengajaran Analisis Kesalahan Berbahasa, Bandung: Angkasa, 2011. Hariyono, Rudy, and Andrew Mc Carthy, ABC Plus English Grammar Complete Edition, Surabaya: Gitamedia Press, 2008. Heaton, J.B., Writing English Language Test, England: Longman, 1974. Hornby, A.S., Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Kothari, C.R., Research Methodology Methods And Techniques, New Delhi: New Age International, 2004 xx
Kuntjojo, Metodologi Penelitian, Kediri: Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri, 2009. Lingga, Hotben D., and Lim Ali Utomo, Intisari Tata Bahasa Inggris Kontemmporer, Jakarta: Visipro, 2007. Margono, Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2003. McKay, Sandra Lee, Researching Second Language Classrooms, London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2006. McMillan, James H., Educational Research: Fundamental For The Consumer, United Stated of America: HarperCollins, 1996. Miles, Matthew B., and Huberman, A. Michael, Qualitative Data Analysis An Expanded Sourcebook, London: Sage Publication, 1994. Oshima, Alice, and Hogue, Ann, Introduction To Academic Writing, United States of America: Pearson Longman, 2007. Riduwan, Metode Dan Teknik Menyusun Tesis, Bandung: Alfabeta, 2010. Saville, Muriel and Troke, Introducing Second Language Acquisition, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Sudijono, Anas, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta: Rajagrafindo Persada, 2005. Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kombinasi (Mixed Method), Bandung: Alfabeta, 2011. ………….., Metode Penelitian Pendidikan; Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D, Bandung: Alfabeta, 2009. …………..., Statistik Untuk Penelitian, Bandung: Alfabeta, 2004. Widiastuti, Triana, Contrastive Analysis On English And Indonesian Conditional Sentences, Palangka Raya: STAIN Palangka Raya (Unpublished), 2011. Widyamartaya, A, Seni Menerjemahkan, Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 1989. Yuliani, Marta, and Yuniarti Dwi Arini, Bahasa Inggris Untuk SMP/MTs Kelas VII, Klaten: PT Intan Pariwara, 2012.
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INTERNET 1. http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~froberts/polite%20leonard%20roberts%202011.pdf 2. http://www.academia.edu/4020120/Using_Old_English_to_Teach_the_Articles_a_an d_the_in_the_Classroom 3. http://journals.tc-library.org/index.php/tesol/article/view/265/224 4. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/26562/1/ICAME30-indefinite_article.pdf. 5. http://www.d.umn.edu/~kgilbert/ened55601/Readings/Content%20Analysis%20of%2 0Env%20Attitudes%20-%20Bammel%20&%20Bammel.pdf 6. http//www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrastive_analysis 7. https://www.msu.edu/course/lin/434/PSets/syntactic-categories.pdf 8. http://www.ukm.my/ppbl/Gema/page20_30.pdf
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CURRICULUM VITAE A. The writer’s identify 1. Name
: Ayub
2. Place and Date of Birth
: Palangka Raya, February 9th 1990
3. Sex
: Male
4. Address
: Jl. Sulawesi No. 89 Palangka Raya
5. Educational Background a) SDN Pahandut 1 Palangka Raya b) MTs Hidayatul Insan Palangka Raya c) MAN Model Palangka Raya d) STAIN Palangka Raya 6. Hobby
: Studying, Music, Business.
B. The family’s identify 1. Father
: Bachran Hasyim
2. Mother
: Arbayah
3. Brother
: Rahmadi
4. Sisters
: Siti Zubaidah : Zahratunnisa
xxiii
