THE TEACHING OF WRITING SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXT AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MAN 1 LAUNG TUHUP
THESIS Presented to the Department of Education of the State Islamic College of Palangka Raya in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam
By RANDI AZWAR GULANA SRN. 0801120392
STATE ISLAMIC COLLEGE OF PALANGKA RAYA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM OF ENGLISH EDUCATION 1435 H/ 2014 M
i
APPROVAL OF THE THESIS ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Title of the Thesis
:
THE TEACHING OF WRITING SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXT AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MAN 1 LAUNG TUHUP
Name
:
Randi Azwar Gulana
SRN
:
0801120392
Department
:
Department of Education
Study Program
:
Study Program of English Education
Level
:
Strata 1 (S-1) Palangka Raya, March 2014 Approved by,
Advisor I,
Advisor II,
Sabarun, M.Pd ORN.196803222008011005
M.Zaini Miftah, M.Pd ORN.197509152009121002
Approved by, Vice Director in Academic Affair ,
The Chair of the Department of Education,
Drs. Fahmi, M.Pd ORN.19196105201999031003
Triwid S.N, M.Pd ORN.197109142003122001
ii
PERSETUJUAN SKRIPSI
Judul
: THE TEACHING OF WRITING SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXT AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MAN 1 LAUNG TUHUP
Nama
: Randi Azwar Gulana
NIM
: 0801120392
Jurusan
: Tarbiyah
Program Studi
: Tadris Bahasa Inggris
Jenjang
: Strata 1 (S-1) Palangka Raya, Maret 2014 Menyetujui,
Pembimbing I,
Pembimbing II,
Sabarun, M.Pd ORN.196803222008011005
M.Zaini Miftah, M.Pd ORN.197509152009121002
Menyetujui, Wakil Ketua Bidang Akademik Dan Pengembangan Lembaga,
Ketua Jurusan Tarbiyah,
Drs.Fahmi, M.Pd ORN.198012052006042003
Triwid Syafaratun Najah, M.Pd ORN.197109142003122001
iii
OFFICIAL NOTE
Case
Palangka Raya, March 2014
Examination of Randi Azwar Gulana’s Thesis
To. Director of the State Islamic College of Palangka Raya in
Palangka Raya Peace is unto you and God’s mercy and blessing as well. By reading and analyzing of thesis’s revision, we think that thesis in the name of:
Name
: RANDI AZWAR GULANA
SRN
: 0801120392
Thesis Title : THE TEACHING OF WRITING SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXT AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MAN 1 LAUNG TUHUP Can be examined in partial fulfillment of the Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam in English Education of the Department of Education STAIN Palangka Raya. Thank you for you attention. Peace be with and God’s blessing.
Advisor I,
Advisor II,
Sabarun, M.Pd ORN.196803222008011005
M.Zaini Miftah, M.Pd ORN. 197509152009121002
iv
NOTA DINAS
Hal
Palangka Raya, Maret 2014
Mohon diuji Skripsi Saudara Randi Azwar Gulana
Yth.
Kepada Ketua ujian Skripsi STAIN Palangka Raya di –
Palangka Raya Assalamu alaikum Wr.Wb Setelah membaca, memeriksa dan mengadakan perbaikan seperlunya, maka kami berpendapat bahwa skripsi saudara : Nama
: RANDI AZWAR GULANA
NIM
: 0801120392
Judul
: THE TEACHING OF WRITING SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXT AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MAN 1 LAUNG TUHUP
Sudah dapat diujikan untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Pendidikan Islam. Demikian atas perhatianya. Diucapkan terima kasih. Wassalamu alaikum Wr.Wb. Pembimbing I,
Pembimbing II,
Sabarun, M.Pd ORN.196803222008011005
M.Zaini Miftah, M.Pd ORN. 197509152009121002
v
LEGALIZATION OF THESIS EXAMINATION
This thesis entitled THE TEACHING OF WRITING SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXT AT ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MAN 1 LAUNG TUHUP in the name of Randi Azwar Gulana, and his Students Registration Number is 080112 0392. It has been examined in the boards of examiners of the State Islamic College of Palangka Raya on: Day
: Wednesday
Date
: Dzulqaidah 22, 1435 H/ April 23, 2014 M. Palangka Raya, April 23, 2014 Board of Examiners:
1.
Santi Erliana, M.Pd Chairman/Member
(
)
2.
Rahmadi Nirwanto, M.Pd Member
(
)
3.
Sabarun,M.Pd Member
(
)
4.
M.Zaini Miftah, M.Pd Secretary/Member
(
)
The State Islamic College of Palangka Raya Director,
Dr.Ibnu Elmi.A.S.Pelu,S.H, M.H ORN.197501091999031002
vi
THE TEACHING OF WRITING SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXT AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MAN 1 LAUNG TUHUP
ABTRACT
Teaching English where writing as the skill that will be explored makes such instructional process have its own challenge for the English teacher. Hence, the writer conducted study on teaching of writing short functional text which almost to be the material for senior high school level, especially eleventh grade level. The objective of study was description of teaching of writing from the teacher who taught writing short functional text. The problems of study were :1). How is the teacher’s readiness before teaching of writing short functional text? 2). How is the teaching procedure in teaching of writing short functional text in context of Pre-teaching, whilst teaching, and post teaching? 3). What are media used by the teacher on teaching of writing short functional text? 4). How does the teacher evaluate the students’ writing in writing short functional text? 5). How is the language teaching quality on teaching of writing short functional text at the eleventh grade students of MAN 1 Laung Tuhup?. The study was descriptive study with qualitative approach. It means the data were collected from observation (Observation Guideline and Observation Checklist), Interview, Documentation, and Field Note. The sample of study was Purposive Sample where the English teacher who taught writing short functional text at the eleventh grade students of MAN 1 Laung Tuhup . On Data validity stage was used Credibility, Transferability, Dependability, and Conformability test. The study result showed that: 1). the teacher readiness consisted of preparing the lesson plan, material and the text. 2). The teaching procedure is Three Phase Technique, such as Pre Teaching, Whilst Teaching, and Post Teaching. The techniques were used on Pre-Teaching stage were Brainstorming and Grouping, on Whilst Teaching stage used Read aloud and write, Demonstration, and Drill, on Post Teaching used Wrap-Up. 3). The media were used during teaching of writing short functional text consisted of Handout, picture, Realia media, paper, and magazine. 4). The evaluation on students’ ability in writing using Product Assessment approach and Scoring guide. 5). The language teaching quality which applied by the teacher based on the observation checklist from H.D Brown resulted Good Enough Language Teaching Quality level. Keyword: Teaching, Procedure, Technique, and Evaluation.
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PENGAJARAN MENULIS TEKS FUNGSIONAL PENDEK PADA KELAS SEBELAS SEBELAS DI MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI 1 LAUNG TUHUP
ABSTRAK
Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris dengan Menulis yang menjadi skill yang diajarkan menjadikan pembelajaran writing menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi guru yang bersangkutan. Oleh karena itu, penulis telah mengadakan penelitian pada pengajaran Menulis short functional text yang menjadi materi hampir pada semua kelas terutama kelas sebelas sekolah menengah atas. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskripsi pengajaran menulis dari guru yang mengajar menulis short functional text. Permasalahan penelitian ini berkisar pada 1). Bagaimana Kesiapan guru sebelum mengajar menulis short functional text? 2). Bagaimana prosedur pengajaran menulis short functional text pada konteks Pre-Teaching, Whilst Teaching dan Post Teaching? 3). Media apa yang dipergunakan pada pengajaran short functional text? 4). Bagaimana evaluasi terhadap hasil penulisan siswa dalam menulis short functional text? dan 5). Bagaimana Kualitas Pengajaran Bahasa (The Language Teaching Quality) pada pengajaran short functional text pada siswa kelas sebelas di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Laung Tuhup?. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Artinya data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini berasal dari instrumen seperti Observasi (Observation Guideline dan Observation Checklist), Wawancara, Dokumentasi dan Catatan Lapangan (Field Note). Sampel pada penelitian ini diambil dengan jenis Purposive Sample yaitu guru Bahasa Inggris yang mengajar penulisan Short Functional Text siswa kelas sebelas MAN 1 Laung Tuhup. Pada tahap pengabsahan data digunakan credibility, transferability, dependability, dan confirmability. Hasil penelitian menunjukan: 1). Kesiapan guru sebelum mengajar menulis adalah mempersiapkan RPP, bahan ajar, dan text yang diajarkan. 2). Prosedur yang digunakan adalah Three Phase Technique, yaitu Pre-Teaching, Whilst Teaching, dan Post Teaching. Pada tahap Pre-Teaching teknik yang digunakan adalah Brainstorming dan Grouping, Whilst Teaching menggunakan Membaca Nyaring dan Tulis, Demonstrasi, dan Latihan. Dan pada Post Teaching teknik yang digunakan adalah Wrap-Up. 3). Media yang digunakan selama pengajaran menulis teks pendek adalah Handout, Gambar, Realia Media, Kertas, dan Majalah. 4). Evaluasi terhadap kemampuan menulis siswa menggunakan pendekatan Evaluasi Produk dan Scoring guide. 5). Berdasarkan observation checklist H.D Brown, kualitas pengajaran bahasa Inggris yang diterapkan oleh guru yang bersangkutan berada pada tingkat kualitas pengajaran bahasa yang cukup bagus. Kata Kunci : Pengajaran, Prosedur, Teknik, dan Evaluasi.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer gives high grateful for Allah SWT. The writer would like to give her greatest grateful to: 1. Dr. Ibnu Elmi A.S. Pelu, S.H., M.H., as the Director of STAIN Palangka Raya for his direction and permission of conducting this thesis; 2. Triwid S.N, M.Pd. as the Chair of the Department of Education for her permission so that the writer can accomplish the requirements for composing this thesis. 3. Santi Erliana, M.Pd, as the Coordinator of the English Education Study Program for her permission so that the writer can accomplish the requirements for composing this thesis. 4. Sabarun. M.Pd, as the first advisor for the guidance, encouragement, and suggestions during composing this thesis. He is also the writer’s Academic Advisor that always provides his time until the writer could finish his study. 5. M.Zaini Miftah.M.Pd, as the second advisor, for the guidance, suggestion, challenge, and time so that the writer could finish the study. 6. Halimah, M.Pd as the inspiration, you are the only one that gives me revelation on learning English. 7. Nurul Wahdah, M.Pd as the Arabic lecture and the Chief of Language Development who help me in many things during the study. 8. Drs. Lahmudin as the headmaster of MAN 1 Laung Tuhup who gives me permission and direction to conduct study on the school.
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9. Radiansyah.S.Pd as the English Teacher of MAN 1 Laung Tuhup. He provides his time, source and effort for the writer during the study so that the study could be finished. 10. All of the teacher in MAN 1 Laung Tuhup who treats the writer like family, so the writer feels like in home during the study was conducted till finished. 11. Nature and Social students of MAN 1 Laung Tuhup in academic year 2013/2014 for their helping to finish this study. 12. All teaching staffs of the English Study Program for their valuable knowledge. Furthermore, the writer also expresses his thanks for beloved Mother and Father, all family and all friends who always giving support, pray and suggest in accomplishing this study. The last special thanks to his friends of TBI 2008 for their support. The writer realized that the study is still far from the perfect, therefore some constructive critical and suggestions are welcomed. Finally, may Allah always bless us. Palangka Raya, March 2014
Randi Azwar Gulana SRN.080 112 0392
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DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICATION
In the name of Allah
I myself make declaration that this thesis entitles THE TEACHING OF WRITING SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXT AT THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF MAN 1 LAUNG TUHUP is truly my own writing. If it is not my own writing so, it is given a citation and shown in the list of references. If my own declaration is not right in this thesis one day so, I am ready to be given academic sanction namely, the cancellation of the degree of this thesis.
Palangka Raya, March 2014 My Own Declaration
RANDI AZWAR GULANA SRN.0801120392
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Dedication This thesis is dedicated to some special people as follows: My beloved Parents ( Supriadi and Siti Zubaidah ) for their biggest pray, affections, love and care that always accompany my life. My Uncle Muhajirin and Mariadi,S.E, who always give support, affection and pray till this thesis finished. My Brothers and Sisters, Hendra Minata, Gazali Rahman, Rudi S, and Emilia M. for their sincere support, pray, and motivation. My Little brothers and sisters, M.Ikbal, M.Hakim Sanjaya, Windia S.A.L, Rantika A.S that give me motivation and support. My beloved ones Siti Raudah and M.Farezky.A, who stand beside me with uncountable support and pray. My Advisors, Mr.Sabarun.M.Pd, and M.Zaini Miftah.M.Pd with their guidance, advise, encouragement, and time during this study. The headmaster and all the teachers of MAN 1 Laung Tuhup with their support and help during this study to be like in home. All the students of MAN 1 Laung Tuhup, especially the Nature and Social Class with their corporation and enthusiasm during this study. My best friends such as Depi, Faizal Rahman, Eka Puspita Sari, Nurul Arifin, and Purnama Sari with their valuable support and motivation during this study. My best friends in TBI 2008, Fahrudin, Rahmat Nur Seto, A.Rajib, J.Anhar, Aris Fatih, W.Amri K, Amirudin Assiddiqie, Saidi Rahman, Haris Padilah, M.Rezeky, Edi Saputra, Yusli, Herlina, Hervina, Anis, Rabiatul.A, Siti Nurvia, Indah, and Ani Fatridha All of my friends in the struggle TBI ’08 and big family of English Students. I wish the best for all you and may Allah bless us.Amin
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MOTTO
“Can he who was dead, to whom We gave life, and a light whereby he can walk amongst men, be like him who is in the depths of darkness, from which he never come out. Thus to those without faith their own deeds seem pleasing”. ( Q.S: Al-An’am:122 )
“Everything you chase and going to do are hard, but nothing is impossible Set up you dream, do your best, and see how you will in the future be.” (Randi Azwar G).
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION A. Background of Study ....................................................... B. Problem of the Study ....................................................... C. Objective of the Study ..................................................... D. Significances of the Study ............................................... E. Scope of the Study ........................................................... F. Definition of Key Terms .................................................. G. Theoretical Framework ....................................................
1 8 9 9 10 10 11
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE A. Related Study ................................................................... B. The Nature of Writing ...................................................... C. The Process of Writing .................................................... 1. Pre-Writing ................................................................ a. Generating Ideas .................................................. 1) Listing ............................................................ 2) Brainstorming ................................................ 3) Free Writing ................................................... 4) WH-Question ................................................. 5) Clustering ....................................................... b. Planning ............................................................... 2. Drafting ...................................................................... 3. Revising ..................................................................... 4. Editing ........................................................................ 5. Publishing .................................................................. D. Planning Teaching Learning in English ........................... 1. Pre Planning ............................................................... a. Activities .............................................................. b. Skills .................................................................... c. Language .............................................................. d. Contents ............................................................... 2. Lesson Planning ......................................................... 3. The Lesson Plan Elements and Formats .................... a. Goal ...................................................................... b. Objectives ............................................................ c. Materials and Equipments.................................... d. Procedures ............................................................ e. Evaluations ...........................................................
13 14 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 20 21 21 21 22 22 23 23 23 23
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f. Extra-Class Work ................................................. 4. Procedures in Teaching of Writing ............................ Media and Materials in Teaching Writing ....................... 1. Authentic Listening/Viewing Materials ..................... 2. Authentic Visual Materials ........................................ 3. Authentic Printed Materials ....................................... 4. Realia Used in EFL/ESL Classroom.......................... Teaching Writing at Madrasah Aliyah ............................. The Problem in Teaching Writing ................................... Short Functional Text ...................................................... 1. Kinds of Short Functional Text.................................. a. Advertisement ...................................................... b. Brochure ............................................................... c. Tips ...................................................................... 2. Teaching How to Write Short Functional Text.......... Writing Assessments ........................................................ 1. Process Assessment ................................................... 2. Product Assessment ................................................... Good Language Teaching ................................................ 1. Technical Knowledge ................................................ 2. Pedagogical Skills ...................................................... 3. Interpersonal Skills .................................................... 4. Personal Qualities ...................................................... Descriptive Research ....................................................... 1. The Nature of Research ............................................. 2. The Nature of Descriptive Research ..........................
24 24 25 25 26 26 26 27 28 29 29 29 30 31 32 35 35 36 40 40 40 41 42 42 42 43
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD A. Research Type .................................................................. B. Research Design............................................................... C. Subject of the Study ......................................................... D. Role of the Researcher ..................................................... E. Research Site .................................................................... F. Source of Data.................................................................. 1. Observation ................................................................ 2. Interview .................................................................... 3. Documentation ........................................................... 4. Field Note................................................................... G. The Data Collection Procedures ...................................... H. Data Validation ................................................................ 1. Credibility Test .......................................................... a. Trianggulation ...................................................... b. Membercheck ....................................................... c. Peer Debriefing .................................................... 2. Transferbility Test ......................................................
46 46 47 48 49 49 50 50 52 53 54 55 55 56 56 56 57
E.
F. G. H.
I.
J.
K.
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3. Dependability Test ..................................................... 4. Confirmability Test .................................................... I. Data Analysis ................................................................... CHAPTER IV RESULT OF STUDY AND DISCUSSION A. Result of the Study ........................................................... 1. The Teacher’s Preparation in Teaching Writing Short Functional Text at Eleventh Grade Students of MAN 1 Laung Tuhup ............................................. 2. The Teaching Procedures in Teaching Writing Short Functional Text at Eleventh Grade Students of MAN 1 Laung Tuhup ............................................ 3. The Media in Teaching Writing Short Functional Text at Eleventh Grade Students of MAN 1 Laung Tuhup .............................................................. 4. The Assessment on Students’ Writing of Short Functional Text at the Eleventh Grade Students of MAN 1 Laung Tuhup ............................................. 5. The Language Teaching Quality in Teaching Writing Short Functional Text at the Eleventh Grade Students of MAN 1 Laung Tuhup ............................................. B. Discussion ........................................................................ CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS A. Conclusion ........................................................................ B. Suggestion ......................................................................... REFERENCES APPENDICES
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57 57 57
62
62
65
70
72
76 81
88 90
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
4.1
Teacher’s Preparation on Teaching Writing……………….
65
4.2
Observation Schedule……………………………………...
67
4.3
The Teaching Writing Procedures…………………………
69
4.4
Media in Teaching Writing…………………………………
71
4.5
Assessment in Teaching Writing…………………………...
73
4.6
Scoring Guide………………………………………………
74
4.7
The Nature Program Class Score………………………….
75
4.8
The Social Program Class Score…………………………....
75
4.9
Observation Checklist Result on Science Class Program…..
77
4.10
Observation Checklist Result on Social Class Program…....
79
4.11
Scoring Conversion ………………………………………..
81
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Page
3.1
Data Analysis Miles and Huberman Model……………………...
63
4.1
English Schedule…………………………………………………
66
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LIST OF ABREVATIONS AND SYMBOL
MAN
is Madrasah Aliyah Negeri
EFL
is English as Foreign Language
ESL
is English as Second Language
BSNP
is Badan Standar Nasional Pusat
KKM
is Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal
5W+1H
is What, Who, Where, When, Why, and How
OCs
is Observer Comments
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LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix
Page
1. The Schedule of Study
94
2. The Study Guideline 3. Research Instrument for Data Collection a. Interview Transcript
103
b. Observation Result
105
c. Observation Checklist Result
112
d. Documentation
116
e. Field Note
120
4. The Score of Students
118
5. Syllabus and Lesson Plan 6. Letters 7. Curriculum Vitae
126
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REFERENCES
Apriana, Hasnawati “The Students’ Difficulties in Writing Short Functional Text Based on KTSP Curriculum at the Tenth Grade Students of SMA Muhamadiyah 1 of Palangka Raya”, Thesis, STAIN Palangka Raya: Palangka Raya, 2009. Arikunto,Suarsimi, Management Penelitian : Suatu Pendekatan Praktek, Jakarta:Rineka Cipta, 2003. Ary, Donald, Lucy Chaesar J, Chris Sorensen, and Asghar Razavieh, Introduction to Research in Education. Eighth Edition, USA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2010. Brown, Douglas.H, Teaching by Principle an Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. Second Edition, White Plains, New York: Longman, 2001. Daymone, Christine and Immy Halloway, Qualitative Research Methods in Public Relation and Marketing Communication. Yogyakarta: Bentang, 2008. Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, Kurikulum KTSP, Standar Kompetensi. Jakarta: BSNP, 2006. Dody, Ahmad, Ahmad Sugeng, and Effendy, Developing English Competencies for Senior High School Grade XI. Jakarta: Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, 2009. Dulay, Heidi, Language Two. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.
Fauziati, Endang, Teaching of English as Foreign Language. Surakarta: Muhamadiyah University Press, 2002. Gebhard,Jerry .G, Teaching English as Foreign or Second Language. United States of America: The University of Michigan Press, 2000. Goodwyn, Andrew and Jane Branson, Teaching English, New York: Routledgefalmer, 2005. Harmer, Jeremy, The Practice of English Language Teaching.Third Edition, London:Longman, 1998, Hornby, AS, Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. Fifth Edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995. Houston, Deby, Selecting Media for Diversing Classroom. Florida:Florida Education Department, 2002.
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Hyland, Ken, Second Language Writing. Cambridge: The Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Istiqamah, Anis, et.al, 2011. Short Functional Text, School Paper http://ayosinausinau.blogspot.com/short-functional-text.html(on line on March17th, 2012). Kamehameha School, “The Writing Process: an Overview of Research on Teaching Writing as a Process”. Honolulu: Research and Evaluation of Department of Kamehameha School, 2007. McDougal, Holt, Alternative Assessment HandbookI. Third Edition, Washington DC: Holt,Rinehart,& Winston, 2002. Moelong, Lexy.J,Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2004. Rahardjo, Mudjia Pengantar Penelitian Bahasa. Malang: Cendekia Paramulya, 2002. Oshima, Alice and Ann Hogue, Introduction to Academic Writing. Third Edition, White Plains, New York: Longman Pearson Education Inc, 2007. Qadir, Abdul, Metodologi Riset Kualitatif. Palangka Raya: t.hp, 1999.
Richards,Jack.C(ed), Currriculum Development in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Richards,Jack.C and Richard Schmidt, Dictionary of language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, Third Edition, London: Longman Pearson Education, 2002. Santyasari, Armi, Improving the Students Ability in Writing Short Functional Texts through Inside – Outside Circle Technique, Unpublished Thesis, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, 2011. Siahaan, Sanggam and Kisno Shinoda, Generic Text Structure. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2008. Smalley,L.Regina, Mary K.Ruetten, and Joann Rishel Kozyrev, Refining Composition Skills Rhetoric and Grammar . Fifth Edition, USA: Heinle and Heinle Thomson Learning, 2001. Sukmadinata,Nana Syaodih, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan, Eleventh edition, Bandung, Remaja Rosdakarya, 2011. xxii
Widdowson, H.G, Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. Williams, Carrie, Research Method : Journal of Economy and Bussiness, Vol.V.No.3, March 2007. Yule,George, The Study of Language. Fourth Edition , Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
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CURRICULUM VITAE
Randi Azwar Gulana was born on December, 6th 1989 in Muara Laung II. It is a village in Laung Tuhup sub district, Murung Raya Regency, and Central Kalimantan. He is the third children of Mr. Supriadi and Mrs. Siti Zubaidah and has four brothers and three sisters. He started his education on SDN 2-1 Muara Laung II and passed his school on 2002. Then he continued his school at MTsN 1 Muara Laung and passed it on 2005. He continued his school at MAN 1 Laung Tuhup and graduated on 2008. In the same year he enrolled in English language program at the State Islamic College Palangka Raya. He has been interested in English since he was in Islamic Junior High school of Muara Laung. Besides love of English, his hobbies are sports (volley ball, football, and futsal), Reading, listening music, and fishing. His expectations are to change paradigm that English is hard to learn and develop his place through English. Talking about dream, he intended to build English Study Centre at his village.
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