PENGENALAN MOTOR INDUKSI

PENGENALAN MOTOR INDUKSI

DATA MOTOR INDUKSI PADA PAPAN NAMA (NAME PLATE)

Motor Induksi 3-fasa • For industrial applications, the three-phase induction motor is used to drive machines • Large threephase induction motor. (Courtesy Siemens).

Housing

Motor

PENGOPERASIAN MOTOR INDUKSI A1

PHS (Ps. 520 F) SC (Ps. 520 C2)

A2 B

PHS SM(Ps. 520 E) C

KM (Ps. 520 G)||

D

E

F

SP (Ps. 520 H)

PBL (Ps. 520 D)

M

MOTOR (Ps. 520 A&B)

G

GND (Ps. 520 L)

MOTOR INDUKSI 1- FASA •

The single-phase induction motor is the most frequently used motor in the world

•

Most appliances, such as washing machines and refrigerators, use a single-phase induction machine

•

Highly reliable and economical Single-phase induction motor.

Motor induksi 1-fasa

MOTOR INDUKSI (motor tak serempak, MTS) DAN PENGGUNAANNYA • Motor Induksi 3 fasa Jenis Pemanfaatan

Jenis Motor

•perkakas mesin (untuk spidel utama)

MTS sangkar, kutub bantu roda gigi, rem

• perkakas mesin (untuk peloloh

MTS kurungan macam konduktor rotor hambatan tinggi

• Mesin tekan


• Mesin gurinda

MTS sangkar

• Mesin gurdi

MTS sangkar, kutub bantu

Jenis Kendali

•Fris rol logam

Motor kutub berubah, MTS rotor belitan

•Mesin gunting

MTS kurungan, rotor hambatan tinggi

•Mesin jahit industri

motor kopling

• mesin perkakas persisi

motor kopling gesek

•Mesin kerja kayu

Motor kutub berubah, motor roda gigi, motor rem

•Mesin gurinda

MTS sangkar, Motor kutub berubah

•Pengaduk

MTS sangkar, Motor kutub berubah, motor kopling arus pusar MTS sangkar, motor roda gigi,

•Pencampu

Sistem kreamer, scherbius

• •Peremas

MTS sangkar, motor roda gigi

•Mesin coran


•Pengering


•Mesin gulung

MTS sangkar, motor roda gigi motor kutub berubah, motor kopling arus pusar

•Hidro ekstraktor


•Mesin tekstil


•Mesin pembuat kertas


•Mesin pemproses daging


•Mesin pemproses umpan ternak Perkakas tenun otomatik

MTS sangkar, motor roda gigi MTS sangkar, motor rem

Kendali tegangan primer

•Pemisah sentrifugal


•Mesin keling •Pencampur beton

MTS sangkar, motor kopling gesek MTS sangkar

•Mesin serat sintetis dan pemintal

MTS sangkar, motor kutub berubah

•Mesin kertas

MTS sangkar, motor kopling arus pusar

•Mesin celupan

MTS sangkar, motor kopling arus pusar

•Bingkai pemintalan

MTS sangkar, motor kutub berubah

•Pompa

MTS sangkar, motor kutub berubah, motor kopling arus pusar, M rotor lilitan


Kendali, rotor lilitan, hambatan skunder, tegangan primer, frekuensi

•Kompresor

MTS sangkar, M rotor lilitan

•Penghembus udara

MTS sangkar, motor kutub berubah, motor kopling arus pusar, M rotor lilitan

•Kran

MTS sangkar, M. roda gigi motor kran, M. rotor lilitan

•Kerek

MTS kurungan macam konduktor rotor hambatan tinggi, M. roda gigi, M. rem

hambatan skunder, kendali tegangan primer

•Wins

MTS sangkar, motor kutub berubah, M. rem

hambatan skunder, Kendali tegangan primer,

•Elevator

MTS kurungan macam konduktor rotor hambatan tinggi, motor kutub berubah, M. rotor lilitan

•

hambatan skunder, Kendali tegangan primer, frekuensi hambatan skunder, Kendali,tegangan primer,

•Konveyor

MTS. Sangkar, M. rem , M. Gerigi, M. kutub berubah, M kopling arus pusar, MTS. Rotor belitan,

•Mesin pengepak otomatis

MTS. Sangkar, M. rem

•Mesin transportasi otomatis


•Operasi pintu air

MTS kurungan macam konduktor rotor hambatan tinggi, M. rem, M kopling arus pusar

Tirai pintu air


Operasi pintu air



PEMANFAATAN MOTOR INDUKSI 1-FASA Jenis Manfaat •Mesin gurdi meja •Gurinda meja •Pembakar minyak •Kompresor kecil •Pengh. udara kecil •Kipas angin ventilasi •Kipas angin •Pompa kecil •Ekstraktor hidro •Mesin cuci •Mesin cuci piring •Pompa bensin •Proyektor bioskup •Proyektor slide

Fasa belah Asut Kapasitor Run Kapasitor Kumparan Naungan o o o o o o

o o o

o

o o o o o o o o

o o

o

o

o

o o

Jenis Manfaat

Fasa belah Asut Kapasitor Run Kapasitor Kumparan Naungan

•Pembuat air sari buah o •Penggiling kopi •Pemutar piring hitam •Alat peredam •Pengg. Rambut elektrik •Pengering rambut •Penggun. Pertaniam o o •Mesin jahit •Pendingin ruangan

o o o

o o

o o o o o

MENENTUKAN SPESIFIKASI MOTOR LISTRIK A.

Menegenai mesin beban, harus diperiksa : 1. Jenis mesin beban (dinamikanya) dari motor 2. Karakteristik perputaran kopel (torsi) 3. Jenis tugas: kontinyu, singkat, berubah- ubah, atrau siklus) 4. frekuensi pengasutan (jumlah start) 5. Sistem kendali pada beban 6. Momen inersia beban 7. Kecepatan per menit 8. Daya beban (kemampuan motor) 9. Cara pengasutan (otomatis atau tidak) 10. Cara pengereman apakah pemberhentian cepat atau tidak) 11. Apakah memerlukan pembalikan putaran atau tidak 12. Lokasi pemasangan mesin ( lembab atau panas) 13. Kondisi ambien dari lokasi (kondisi gas, korosif, kelembaban tinggi, debu, bising. 14. Cara kopling (rantai, gigi, langsung atau sabuk) 15. Cara instalasi

B. • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Mengenai Motor Listrik Karakteristik perputaran kopel dari motor Kopel asut dan kopel pengunci Apakah kecepatan dapat dikendalikan ? Kemampuan nominal (kontinyu, waktu singkat, siklus) Kecepatan motor Jenis motor Keluaran nominal motor Kapasitas, frekuensi, tegangan, jumlah kutub dari sumber daya Kelas isolasi Kendali yang dipakai Bentuk pelindung dari RANGKA (stator) Ukuran poros Kedudukan mesin (horizontal, vertikal atau flens) Alat tambahan (jenis puli)

Konstruksi motor induksi

Induction Motors Induction motor components.

Induction Motors Stator of a large induction motor. (Courtesy Siemens).

Induction Motors •

The motor housing consists of three parts:

– The cylindrical middle piece that holds the stator iron core, – The two bell-shaped end covers holding the ball bearings. – This motor housing is made of cast aluminum or cast iron. Long screws hold the three parts together. – The legs at the middle section permit the attachment of the motor to a base. – A cooling fan is attached to the shaft at the left-hand side. This fan blows air over the ribbed stator frame.

Induction Motors •

The iron core has cylindrical shape and is laminated with slots

•

The iron core on the figure has paper liner insulation placed in some of the slots.

•

In a three-phase motor, the three phase windings are placed in the slots

•

A single-phase motor has two windings: the main and the starting windings.

•

Typically, thin enamel insulated wires are used

Stator iron core without windings

Induction Motors • A single-phase motor has two windings: the main and the starting windings • The elements of the laminated iron core are punched from a silicon iron sheet. • The sheet has 36 slots and 4 holes for the assembly of the iron core.

Single-phase stator with main windings.

Induction Motors • The elements of the laminated iron core are punched from a silicon iron sheet. • The sheet has 36 slots and 4 holes for the assembly of the iron core

Stator iron core sheet.

Induction Motors Stator and rotor magnetic circuit

Induction Motors Squirrel cage rotor. • This rotor has a laminated iron core with slots, and is mounted on a shaft. • Aluminum bars are molded in the slots and the bars are short circuited with two end rings. • The bars are slanted on a small rotor to reduce audible noise. • Fins are placed on the ring that shorts the bars. These fins work as a fan and improve cooling.

Induction Motors Rotor bars (slightly skewed)

End ring

Squirrel cage rotor concept.

Induction Motors

Squirrel cage rotor.

Construction Squirrel cage rotor

Wound rotor

Notice the slip rings

Induction Motors Wound rotor. • Most motors use the squirrel-cage rotor because of the robust and maintenance-free construction. • However, large, older motors use a wound rotor with three phase windings placed in the rotor slots. • The windings are connected in a three-wire wye. • The ends of the windings are connected to three slip rings. • Resistors or power supplies are connected to the slip rings through brushes for reduction of starting current and speed control

Induction Motors

Rotor of a large induction motor. (Courtesy Siemens).

Construction Slip rings

Brushes

Cutaway in a typical wound-rotor IM. Notice the brushes and the slip rings

PRINSIP KERJA MOTOR INDUKSI

Perputaran medan pada Motor Induksi 3-fasa

Perputaran medan pada Motor Induksi 1-fasa

Double Revolving field theory

PENGENALAN MOTOR INDUKSI

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