INTERNATIONAL EXPRESS

INTERNATIONAL

EXPRESS Czech Companion

Slovníček a přehled mluvnice v češtine Pre-Intermediate Liz Taylor

2

WORK I N G T RAV EL L I N G SOC I A L I ZI N G

1

Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam oxford and oxford english are registered trade marks of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries ©

Oxford University Press 2008

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INTERNATIONAL

EXPRESS

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Czech Companion Slovníček a přehled mluvnice v češtine

You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Any websites referred to in this publication are in the public domain and their addresses are provided by Oxford University Press for information only. Oxford University Press disclaims any responsibility for the content A000564 Printed in the Czech Republic

Pre-intermediate Liz Taylor

acknowledgements Illustrations by: Mark Bryan

3

GRAMATIKA

OBSA H Lekce ve Student’s Book

Přehled gramatických termínů

Gramatika 6 10 11 4 4 10 3, 7 5 8 12 3, 7 2 1, 2 1, 2 7, 9 9 10 1 9 Angličtina v různých 10 komunikačních 5 situacích 8 6 1 9 7 12 11 4 2 3 Jiné užitečné informace

Přehled gramatických pojmů ...................................... strana Druhý a třetí stupeň přídavných jmen ................................... Podmínkové souvětí typ 1 ..................................................... Podmínkové souvětí typ 2 ..................................................... Vyjadřování budoucnosti: going to + infinitiv ...................... Vyjadřování budoucnosti: přítomný čas průběhový .............. Vyjadřování budoucnosti: will + infinitiv .............................. Nepravidelná slovesa ............................................................. Počítatelná a nepočitatelná podstatná jména: some/any, a lot of/lots of, much/many, a little/a few .............................. Způsobová slovesa ................................................................. Trpný rod ............................................................................... Minulý čas prostý .................................................................. Přítomný čas průběhový ........................................................ Přítomný čas prostý ............................................................... Přítomný čas prostý: frekvenční příslovce ............................ Předpřítomný čas prostý ........................................................ Předpřítomný čas průběhový ................................................. Předložky: čas, místo a směr ................................................. Tázací výrazy ......................................................................... since a for ............................................................................... Žádáme o informace .............................................................. V restauraci ............................................................................ Pozvání ................................................................................... Domlouváme si schůzku ........................................................ Seznamujeme se s lidmi ........................................................ Nabídky a žádosti ................................................................... Názory a návrhy ..................................................................... Loučíme se ............................................................................. Zdvořilostní fráze .................................................................. Pobyt v hotelu ........................................................................ Telefonování .......................................................................... Máme hosta ............................................................................ Americká angličtina ............................................................... Žádáme o pomoc ................................................................... Země a národnosti ................................................................. E-maily, faxy a dopisy ........................................................... Časové přímky ....................................................................... Matematické termíny ............................................................. Fonetické symboly ................................................................. anglicko-českým slovníčkem .................................................

5 6 6 7 8 9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 17 18 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 24 25 26 26 27 28 28 30 31 32 32 34 35 35 36

rozvíjí podstatné jméno, udává jaké mají osoby, místa, věci, události atd. vlastnosti. a beautiful city, an enjoyable holiday interesting people, terrible news Příslovce rozvíjí sloveso, přináší informace o tom, kdy, kde nebo jak se An adverb odehrává děj vyjádřený slovesem. She wrote the report yesterday. He’s waiting outside. Please drive slowly. Frekvenční příslovce vyjadřuje, jak často se děj odehrává. An adverb of frequency I always play tennis in the summer. I’m rarely late for work. Pomocné sloveso (be, do a have) se používá ve spojení s dalším slovesným tvarem při An auxiliary verb tvoření různých časů a trpného rodu. She is working in Geneva. Where did you go? The window has been broken. Infinitiv je základní slovesný tvar (see, buy, etc.). Používá se ve spojení s to The infinitive i bez to. It’s good to meet you. I’d like to introduce you to a friend. I must go now. Způsobové sloveso je například sloveso might, can, a should. Způsobová slovesa A modal verb používáme pro vyjádření možnosti, dovolení, nutnosti, k udílení rad atd. She might arrive late. Can I use your phone? You should see a doctor. Podstatné jméno označuje osobu, místo, věc nebo myšlenku. A noun a journalist, an office, books, beauty Předložka nese význam místa, času, směru apod. A preposition I live in a flat. He walks to his office every day. They begin work at 8 o’clock. Zájmeno zastupuje podstatné jméno. A pronoun The restaurant is very good but it is expensive. Do you know Sue? I saw her at the theatre last night. Sloveso vyjadřuje děj nebo stav. A verb He writes for a magazine. I speak French. She didn’t enjoy the film. Přídavné jméno An adjective

5

Druhý a třetí stupeň přídavných jmen Comparative and superlative adjectives ZÁKLADNÍ TVAR

DRUHÝ STUPEŇ

small near big

smaller nearer bigger

(dvojslabičná, zakončená na easy -y 2 syllables ending in -y) happy

easier happier

Pravidelná (jednoslabičná 1 syllable)

(dvou- a víceslabičná 2 or more syllables)

efficient important

Nepravidelná

good bad far much/many little

less efficient more important better worse farther/further more less

OTÁZKA

KRÁTKÁ ODPOVĚĎ

If you ask him, will he give you the information?

Yes, he will.

TŘETÍ STUPEŇ

Will she change her job if she gets the chance?

No, she won’t.

the

smallest nearest biggest

POUŽITÍ

PŘÍKLADY

Možné budoucí děje a jejich výsledky/důsledky

the

easiest happiest

If we invest in a new system, we’ll solve our problems. You won’t pass the exam if you don’t study.

the

least most

the

best worst farthest/furthest most least

efficient important

POUŽITÍ

PŘÍKLADY

Ve spojení s druhým stupněm přídavného jména používáme than.

London is bigger than Madrid.

K naznačení velkého rozdílu používáme ve spojení s druhým stupněm přídavného jména much nebo a lot.

Tokyo is a lot more expensive than Rome.

Třetí stupeň přídavného jména se vždy pojí se členem the.

China has the biggest population.

• Vedlejší věta s if může stat před hlavní větou i za ní. Jestliže stojí před hlavní větou, zpravidla za ní píšeme čárku. If they agree to our requests, we’ll sign the contract. We’ll sign the contract if they agree to our requests.

• Jestliže jsme si jistí, že se určitá věc stane, používáme spojku when, nikoli if. When I get the information, I’ll send it to you. (Jsem si jistý, že ty informace získám.)

Podmínkové souvětí typ 2

2nd Conditional

if + Past Simple, would/could + infinitive (without to) KLADNÝ TVAR

ZÁPOR

If I had more time, I’d learn another language.

If you didn’t work so hard, you’d be happier.

Our cities would be more pleasant if there was less traffic.

I wouldn’t buy that car if I were you.

Pravopisná podoba Spelling

OTÁZKA

KRÁTKÁ ODPOVĚĎ

Jednoslabičná přídavná jména zakončená na samohlásku a souhlásku obvykle zdvojují koncovou souhlásku: hot hotter hottest big bigger biggest

If you became a millionaire, would you stop working?

Yes, I would.

Would they start a business if they had the money?

No, they wouldn’t.

POUŽITÍ

PŘÍKLADY

Nereálné nebo hypotetické situace a jejich pravděpodobné výsledky/důsledky

If public transport were free, there’d be no traffic problems in cities. If I didn’t need a car, I wouldn’t have one.

Podmínkové souvětí typ 1

1st Conditional

if + Present Simple, will + infinitive (without to)

6

KLADNÝ TVAR

ZÁPOR

If they offer me the job, I’ll accept it.

If you don’t hurry, you’ll miss your plane.

You’ll have to work hard if you want to succeed.

He won’t visit us if he’s very busy.

7

• Vedlejší věta s if může stát před hlavní větou i za ní. Jestliže stojí před hlavní větou, zpravidla za ní píšeme čárku. If they produced better quality goods, they’d be very successful. They’d be very successful if they produced better quality goods.

• Slovesa come a go zpravidla užíváme ve tvaru přítomného času průběhového (Present Continuous). They’re coming to see us soon. Are you going abroad next summer?

• Po I, he a she můžeme ve větě s if užít was namísto were, obzvláště v neformální mluvené angličtině. If it was easier, I’d study Japanese.

• going to lze také užít pro předem zajištěné budoucí děje. I’m going to play tennis this afternoon.

• Could plní funkci minulého času a tvaru podmiňovacího způsobu (Conditional) slovesa can. He could walk to work when he lived close to the office. (Minulost = bylo to možné) He could walk to work if he had more time. (Podmiňovací způsob = bylo by to možné)

• Minulý čas (Past Simple) v prvním a druhém podmínkovém souvětí nevyjadřuje prostou minulost. Vztahuje se k hypotetické situaci. If I were the Prime Minister ... (ale nejsem premiér).

Vyjadřování budoucnosti: přítomný čas průběhový Future: Present Continuous (Tvoření přítomného času průhěhového Present Continuous viz str. 15.) POUŽITÍ

PŘÍKLADY

Předem zajištěné budoucí děje

They’re arriving at 10 a.m. tomorrow. He isn’t coming to the meeting next week. What time are you leaving?

Vyjadřování budoucnosti: going to + infinitiv Future: going to + infinitive KLADNÝ TVAR

ZÁPOR

I

I

You We They He She It

’m (am)

’re (are)

going to begin.

’s (is)

OTÁZKA

Am Are

Is

8

You We They He She It

Vyjadřování budoucnosti: will + infinitiv Future: will + infinitive ’m not (am not) aren’t (are not)

going to begin.

isn’t (is not)

KRÁTKÁ ODPOVĚĎ

Yes, No,

I you we they he she it

going to begin?

Yes, No, Yes, No,

I you we they he she it

am. ’m not. are. aren’t.

KLADNÝ TVAR

ZÁPOR

I You We They He She It

I You We They He She It

’ll (will)

begin.

OTÁZKA

Will

is. isn’t.

won’t begin. (will not)

KRÁTKÁ ODPOVĚĎ

I you we they he she it

Yes, begin? No,

I you we they he she it

will

won’t (will not).

POUŽITÍ

PŘÍKLADY

POUŽITÍ

PŘÍKLADY

Plány a záměry do budoucna, rozhodnutí

I’m going to change my job.

Budoucí situace a děje

Budoucí situace, které můžeme s jistotou předpovědět na základě současného stavu

It’s going to rain very soon. Look out! That car’s going to hit you!

The situation will be worse in future. The work won’t start next year.

Rozhodnutí učiněná v okamžiku promluvy

I’ll email you the results tomorrow.

Nabídky

Shall I order a taxi for you? 9

Nepravidelná slovesa INFINITIV

Irregular verbs

MINULÝ

MINULÉ

ČAS PAST

PŘÍČESTÍ

INFINITIV

Počítatelná a nepočitatelná podstatná jména Mass and count nouns MINULÝ

MINULÉ

ČAS PAST

PŘÍČESTÍ

PARTICIPLE

be být become stát se

was/were became

been become

begin začít break zlomit, zničit bring přinést build stavět buy koupit catch chytit

began broke brought built bought caught

begun broken brought built bought caught

choose vybrat come přijít cost stát (o ceně) cut říznout do dělat draw kreslit drink pít drive řídit eat jíst fall padat feel cítit find najít fly letět forget zapomenout freeze zmrznout get dostat give dát go jít, jet grow růst have mít hear slyšet hit uhodit

chose came cost cut did drew drank drove ate fell felt found flew forgot froze got gave went grew had heard hit

chosen come cost cut done drawn drunk driven eaten fallen felt found flown forgotten frozen got given gone grown had heard hit

keep držet know vědět leave opustit, odejít, zanechat lend půjčit lose ztratit make dělat

kept knew left

kept known left

lent lost made

lent lost made

10

Nepočitatelná podstatná jména

Mass nouns

PARTICIPLE

mean znamenat meet potkat, setkat se pay platit put položit read číst ride jet ring zvonit rise zvedat se, vycházet run běžet say říci see vidět sell prodat send poslat show ukázat shut zavřít sing zpívat sit sedět sleep spát speak mluvit spend strávit, utratit stand stát steal ukrást swim plavat take vzít teach učit tell sdělit think myslet understand rozumět wake vzbudit wear nosit, mít na sobě

meant met

meant met

paid put read rode rang rose

paid put read ridden rung risen

ran said saw sold sent showed shut sang sat slept spoke spent stood stole swam took taught told thought understood woke wore

run said seen sold sent shown shut sung sat slept spoken spent stood stolen swum taken taught told thought understood woken worn

win vyhrát write psát

won wrote

won written

POUŽITÍ

PŘÍKLADY

Mass nouns do not have a plural form.

I’d like some information, please.

We use them with a singular verb form.

Relaxation is good for you.

We do not use a or an with them.

I enjoy good music.

Počitatelná podstatná jména

Count nouns

POUŽITÍ

PŘÍKLADY

Count nouns have a singular and plural form.

This book is interesting.

We use them with a singular or plural verb form.

These books are expensive.

We use a or an with them.

Would you like an apple?

Nepočitatelná a počitatelná podstatná jména

Mass/Count nouns

Některá podstatná jména mohou být užita jako počítatelná i jako nepočítatelná. POUŽITÍ

PŘÍKLADY

Mass Nepočitatelná podstatná jména (v obecném významu)

James writes about wine. She has a lot of experience in sales.

Count Počítatelná podstatná jména (specifický význam)

He’s writing a book about Italian wines. She’s had some strange experiences in her life.

some/any, a lot of/lots of, much/many, a little/a few

some

any

POUŽITÍ

PŘÍKLADY

S počitatelnými a nepočítatelnými podstatnými jmény v kladných oznamovacích větách

I bought some coffee. You’ve got some letters.

V nabídkách a zdvořilých prosbách

Could I have some fruit? Would you like some biscuits?

S počitatelnými i nepočítatelnými podstatnými jmény v záporu a v otázce

I didn’t buy any tea. We didn’t have any visitors. Do you have any luggage? Are there any questions?

11

can, could, may, might, should

S počitatelnými a nepočítatelnými podstatnými jmény v kladných oznamovacích větách

There’s a lot of traffic today. There are a lot of cars in the city centre. Lots of people came to our party.

much

S nepočitatelnými podstatnými jmény v záporu a v otázce

We didn’t do much work. How much money did you spend?

many

S počitatelnými podstatnými jmény v záporu a v otázkách

There weren’t many people at the meeting. How many suitcases are there?

• Způsobová slovesa se neužívají s to.

V kladných oznamovacích větách

Many companies are doing well right now.

• Zápor tvoříme přidáním not nebo -n’t. Nepoužíváme don’t ani doesn’t.

S nepočitatelnými podstatnými jmény v kladných oznamovacích větách S počitatelnými podstatnými jmény v kladných oznamovacích větách

I drank only a little wine.

a lot of/ lots of

a little a few

We had a few problems.

• Tvar slovesa je stejný pro všechny osoby. Ve třetí osobě jednotného čísla nepřidáváme -s. I/You/He/She/It/We/They may arrive late. He can speak German. I should to go now. She cannot/can’t speak French. You should not/shouldn’t use first names. He may not understand very well.

• Ke slovesu may nepřidáváme n’t. He mayn’t understand very well.

• V kladných oznamovacích větách užíváme spíše a lot of/lots of než many. • Lots of se užívá převážně v mluvené angličtině. • A lot of/lots of, a little, a a few užíváme v záporu a v otázce. Způsobová slovesa

Modal verbs

• Otázka u sloves could, may, might, should se tvoří předsunutím slovesa před podmět I/you/he atd. Can I leave now? Should I email you the information tomorrow? have to

• Tvar slovesa have to se mění stejně jako tvar slovesa have. • Ve třetí osobě jednotného čísla užíváme tvar has. She has to work on Saturdays.

POUŽITÍ

PŘÍKLADY

Rada Advice

should/shouldn’t You should be punctual for meetings. You shouldn’t use first names.

• Otázka se tvoří pomocí do/does/did, zápor pomocí don’t/doesn’t/didn’t.

Možnost Possibility

may, might, can They may smile when they don’t want to give an answer. They might think you are rude. Decisions can take a long time.

Trpný rod The Passive

Dovolení Permission

Schopnost Ability

Nutnost Necessity

12

Do you have to work overtime? They didn’t have to get permission.

to be + past participle (produced, built, found, etc.)

can, could Can I borrow your dictionary? Could I use your computer?

KLADNÝ TVAR

can, could Can you speak German? Could you ski when you were six?

ZÁPOR

Tyres are produced from rubber.

Smoking isn’t allowed in the cinema.

The company was founded in 1890.

The public wasn’t told about the danger.

A new government has been elected.

The information hasn’t been published.

The new hotel will be opened next month.

Prices won’t be increased next year.

have to/don’t have to You have to get permission first. You don’t have to make an appointment.

13

• Minulý čas prostý se často užívá s různými časovými určeními minulosti, např yesterday, last

OTÁZKA

KRÁTKÁ ODPOVĚĎ

Is cork exported from Portugal?

Yes, it is.

Was champagne invented by an Italian?

No, it wasn’t.

Pravopisná podoba

Have the roads been repaired yet?

Yes, they have.

Will the work be finished soon?

No, it won’t.

Slovesa zakončená – na -e přibírají zakončení –d: live – lived, close – closed. – na samohlásku a souhlásku zdvojují koncovou souhlásku a přibírají zakončení -ed: travel – travelled, plan – planned. – na souhlásku a -y mění -y na -i a přidává se -ed: study – studied, try – tried.

year, a month ago, in 1998.

Trpný rod používáme, jestliže osoba nebo věc, která je činitelem děje, není důležitá nebo nám není známa. Jestliže chceme činitele děje vyjádřit, používáme spojení s předložkou by. Činný rod Active

Trpný rod Passive

The Mayan people used rubber 2,500 years ago.

Rubber was used 2,500 years ago by the Mayan people.

Minulý čas prostý Past Simple (Viz nepravidelná slovesa Irregular verbs, str. 10, a časovou přímku Past Simple, str. 34.) KLADNÝ TVAR

ZÁPOR

I You We They He She It

I You We They He She It

arrived began

yesterday. last week

OTÁZKA

Did

didn’t (did not)

arrive begin.

yesterday. last week.

Přítomný čas průběhový

Yes, arrive begin?

yesterday? last week? No,

I you we they he she it

did

didn’t

Present Continuous

KLADNÝ TVAR

ZÁPORNÝ TVAR

I You We They He She It

I

’m (am)

You We They

’re (are)

He She It

’s (is)

working.

OTÁZKA

’m not (am not) aren’t (are not)

working

isn’t (is not)

KRÁTKÁ ODPOVĚĎ

Am

I

Are

you we they

Is

he she it

KRÁTKÁ ODPOVĚĎ

I you we they he she it

Spelling

Yes, No, Yes, studying?

No, Yes, No,

am.

I

am not.

you we they

are.

he she it

is.

aren’t.

isn’t.

POUŽITÍ

PŘÍKLADY

Děje odehrávající se právě teď

She’s talking to a visitor at the moment.

Dočasné a přechodné děje

Which hotel are you staying at?

POUŽITÍ

PŘÍKLADY

Současné trendy

People are living longer.

Ukončené minulé děje a situace

They lived in Australia for three years. He flew to Japan two days ago. We didn’t have a holiday last summer. How long did you stay in New York?

Předem domluvené/zařízené budoucí události

They’re arriving at 10 a.m. tomorrow.

14

• Informace o tom, zda se koncová souhláska zdvojuje (travel, travelling) a kdy se vypouští koncové e (make, making), je nutno vyhledat ve slovníku.

15

Přítomný čas prostý

Present Simple

KLADNÝ TVAR

ZÁPOR

I You We They He She It

I You We They He She It

work.

works.

OTÁZKA

Does

don’t (do not) work. doesn’t (does not)

Yes, work?

No, Yes, No,

I you we they he she it

do. don’t.

She lives in Brazil. Where do you work?

Běžné rutinní činnosti

I often make business trips How often do you play tennis?

Pocity a preference

Do you like your job? I agree with you.

Fakta

The journey takes an hour. Prices increase every year.

rarely

’ve (have)

I You We They

haven’t (have not)

He She It

’s (has)

He She It

hasn’t (has not)

Have

doesn’t.

Dlouhotrvající děje

never

ZÁPOR

I You We They

does.

PŘÍKLADY

0%

KLADNÝ TVAR

started. left.

OTÁZKA

POUŽITÍ

Rekvenční příslovce

Present Perfect Simple

(Viz seznam nepravidelných sloves Irregular verbs, str. 10, a časové přímky předpřítomného času Present Perfect Simple, str. 34.)

KRÁTKÁ ODPOVĚĎ

I you we they he she it

Do

Předpřítomný čas prostý

Has

KRÁTKÁ ODPOVĚĎ

I you we they he she it

Yes, started? left?

often

usually

always

100%

No, Yes, No,

I you we they he she it

have. haven’t. has. hasn’t.

POUŽITÍ

PŘÍKLADY

Situace nebo děje, které se staly v období od určitého okamžiku v minulosti do současnosti

The company has grown a lot since 1998. We’ve recently reduced costs. Have you had a holiday this year?

Zážitky a zkušenosti, které jsme nabyli během života od počátku až do současnosti

He’s worked for two foreign companies. She’s never studied a foreign language. Have you ever lived abroad?

Situace, které začaly v minulosti a dosud trvají

She’s been a doctor for ten years. The family has had the business since 1990. How long have you known her?

Frequency adverbs sometimes

started. left.

• gone to nebo been to? Ann’s gone to New York znamená, že je právě teď v New Yorku nebo na cestě do New Yorku. Ann’s been to New York znamená, že už není v New Yorku, její pobyt tam skončil.

• Stažené tvary V mluvené angličtině zpravidla říkáme I’ve, you’ve, he’s atd. Ve formální, psané angličtině užíváme I have, you have, he has atd. VIz také poučení o užití předpřítomného času a minulého času prostého Present Perfect Simple/Past Simple v britské a v americké angličtině na str. 30.

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17

Předpřítomný čas průběhový

Present Perfect Continuous

(Viz časovou přímku předpřítomného průběhového času Present Perfect Continuous na str. 34.) KLADNÝ TVAR

ZÁPOR

I You We They He She It

I You We They He She It

’ve (have) been working. ’s (has)

Předložky: čas, místo a směr Prepositions: time, place, and direction Předložky s významem času

• měsíc/roční období/století

haven’t (have not)

in been working.

hasn’t (has not)

Have

Has

KRÁTKÁ ODPOVĚĎ

I you we they he she it

Yes, been working.

No, Yes, No,

I you we they he she it

June winter 1996 the 21st century

• denní doba in

• dvou- či třídenní období at

OTÁZKA

Prepositions of time

the weekend Christmas Easter

• časo becně/čas k jídlu at

six o’clock lunchtime midnight

• den/datum on

have. haven’t.

the morning the afternoon the evening

Předložky s významem místa a směru

Tuesday 6 December Easter Monday Christmas Day Friday morning Wednesday evenings

Prepositions of place and direction

has. hasn’t.

POUŽITÍ

PŘÍKLADY

Děje, které začaly v minulosti a pokračují do přítomnosti

We’ve been producing wines for two hundred years. He’s been living in Finland since last year. How long have you been studying English?

Děje, které začaly v minulosti a právě skončily

He’s hot because he’s been jogging. You look tired. Have you been working a lot?

• Průběhový tvar continuous form zpravidla užíváme pro zdůraznění trvání děje, prostý tvar při důrazu na výsledek děje. I’ve been writing emails. (Ještě jsem neskončil.) I’ve written ten emails. (Už jsem skončil.)

under/below

across

behind

over/above

on

between

in

out of

into

in front of

beside/next to

up

through

around

on the right

on the left

• Předpřítomný průběhový čas Present Perfect Continuous užíváme pro vyjádření, jak dlouho daný děj trval. He’s been talking on the phone all morning. She’s been interviewing people since 8 a.m.

• Předpřítomný čas prostý Present Perfect Simple užíváme pro vyjádření počtu, kolikrát se děj odehrál. He’s made fifteen phone calls. She’s done six interviews.

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Tázací výrazy

ANGLIČTINA V RŮZNÝCH KOMUNIKAČNÍCH SITUACÍCH SOCIAL AND FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH

Question words

Where do they live? What do you do at weekends? When does he start work? Which newspaper do you read? How do you travel to work? How often do you study English? Whose dictionary is this? Who (Whom) do you work with? Who arrives at work first?

In Milan. I go cycling. At 8 a.m. The Independent. By car. Twice a week. It’s mine. A team of six people. The manager does.

• Whom je velmi formální, užívá se jen zřídka. since a for

(Viz časovou přímku since a for, str. 34.) since PŘÍKLADY

Označení určitého časového okamžiku

since

Ptáme se I’d like some information about … (flights to Paris). Rád bych získal informace o ... (letu do Paříže). I’d like to know … (how long it takes). Rád bych věděl ... (jak dlouho to trvá). Do you know … (when the train arrives)? Víš ... (kdy ten vlak přijíždí)? Can Můžete Could Mohl byste

since and for

POUŽITÍ

Žádáme o informace Asking for information

7 a.m. today yesterday last week 12 January 2001 he left university

you tell me … (how often the trains leave)? mi říct ... (jak často ten vlak jezdí)?

Vyjadřujeme pochopení

Ujišťujeme se

I see. Aha. Right, I’ve got that. Ano, chápu. So, … (the next train’s in half an hour). Takže ... (další vlak jede za půl hodiny).

Let me check. Dovolte, přesvědčím se. I’ll look that up. Vyhledám si to.

Žádáme o zopakování

Omluvy

Could you repeat that, please? Můžete to prosím zopakovat? Could you say that again? Můžete to říct ještě jednou?

I’m afraid I don’t have any information about … (domestic flights). Obávám se, že nemáme žádné informace o ... (vnitrostátních letech).

V restauraci At a restaurant

for POUŽITÍ

PŘÍKLADY

Označení určitého časového úseku

for

ten hours five days a month two years a long time ages

Doporučení

Nabízíme

What do you recommend? Co byste mi doporučil? The … (meat) is usually excellent here. ... (maso) tu většinou mají vynikající. I recommend the … (beef). Doporučuji ... (hovězí).

Do have some more … (wine). Dejte si ještě trochu ... (vína). What about … (a dessert)? Co takhle dát si ... (dezert)? How about … (some strawberries)? Co si dát ... (pár jahod)? Would you like … (a coffee)? Dal byste si ... (kávu)?

Objednávání

Přijímáme nabídku

I’ll Já si We’ll My si

have … (duck and red cabbage). dám/e ... (kachnu a červené zelí).

I’d Já bych si We’d My bychom si

like … (cold cucumber soup). dal/i ... (studenou okurkovou polévku).

Could we have … (a bottle of mineral water)? Mohli bychom dostat ... (lahev minerální vody)? 20

Yes, I’d like that. Ano, to bych si dal. Yes, that would be very nice. Ano, to by mohlo být moc dobré. Odmítáme nabídku Thank you, but I couldn’t eat any more. Děkuji, ale já už nemůžu. No, thank you. Ne, děkuji. 21

Měníme čas schůzky

Děkujeme a reagujeme na poděkování Thank you for a really excellent meal. Děkuji za opravdu vynikající jídlo. Thank you for a lovely evening. Děkuji za krásný večer.

Pozvání

씮

Don’t mention it. To nestojí za řeč.

씮

I’m glad you enjoyed it. Jsem rád, že se ti líbil.

Invitations

I’m very sorry I have to cancel the appointment on … (Friday). Je mi to moc líto, ale musím zrušit tu schůzku ... (v pátek). I’m afraid I can’t manage our meeting … (tomorrow). Obávám se, že mi nevyjde ta schůzka ... (zítra). Could we arrange another time? Mohli bychom se domluvit na jindy?

Seznamujeme se s lidmi

Meeting people

Pozvání

Přijímáme pozvání

Představování

I’d like to invite you to … (have dinner with me). Rád bych vás pozval ... (na večeři). Would you join us … (for a game of tennis)? Půjdeš s námi ... (na tenis)? Would you like to … (come swimming)? Nechtěl by sis ... (jít zaplavat)? Why don’t you … (have lunch with us)? Co takhle ... (dát si s námi oběd)? How about … (joining us)? Co takhle ... (jít s námi)?

Thank you. I’d be delighted to accept. Děkuji, s potěšením přijímám. Thank you. I’d love to. Děkuji, velmi rád. Thank you. I’d enjoy that. Děkuji, to budu rád.

May Mohu Can Mohu

I introduce myself? se představit?

May Mohu Can Mohu

I introduce a good friend of mine? vám představit svého dobrého přítele?

Domlouváme si schůzku

Odmítáme pozvání I’d love to, but … (I’m afraid I can’t). Rád bych, ale ... (obávám se, že nebudu moci). Thanks a lot, but … (I’ve made another arrangement). Děkuji moc, ale ... (už mám něco domluveno).

Making arrangements

This is ... (Roberto Angelini). Toto je ... (Roberto Angelini).

Excuse me, are you ... (Duncan Ross)? Promiňte, jste ... (Duncan Ross)? Hello, you must be ... (Luigi Bastini). Dobrý den, vy musíte být ... (Luigi Bastini). I’d like to Rád bych Let me Dovolte mi

introduce you to ... (Tony White). vám představil/představit vám ... (Tonyho Whita).

How do you do? Jak se máte? Pleased to meet you. Rád vás poznávám.

씮 How do you do? Jak se máte? 씮 Pleased to meet you, too.

Please call me ... (Luigi). Prosím, říkejte mi ... (Luigi).

씮 Then you must call me ... (Monique).

Také vás rád poznávám.

Domlouvání času When Kdy What time V kolik hodin

My name’s ... (James Turner). Jmenuji se ... (James Turner). I’m ... (Monique Bresson). Já jsem ... (Monique Bressonová).

would be convenient for you? by se vám to hodilo? could we meet? se můžeme sejít? are you free? máte volno? would suit you? by vám to vyhovovalo?

Shall we say … (next Tuesday)? Řekněme ... (příští úterý)? Is … (9.30) possible for you? Je pro vás ... (9.30) možné? How about … (Friday)? Co takhle ... (pátek)? What about … (the afternoon)? A co ... (odpoledne)? Could we arrange ... (to have lunch)? Domluvíme se ... (na oběd)?

Yes, … (Tuesday) suits me fine. Ano, ... (úterý) mi vyhovuje. Yes, that’s fine. Ano, to je dobré. Yes, I can make it on … (Friday). Ano, ... (v pátek) můžu. No, I’m afraid I’m busy then. Ne, obávám se, že v té době budu mít práci. No, I’m afraid I’ve got another appointment then. Ne, obávám se, že už na tu dobu mám něco domluveno.

I look forward to meeting you on … (Wednesday). Těším se na setkání ... (ve čtvrtek). See you … (next week). Uvidíme se ... (příští týden).

Tak to mi musíte říkat ... (Monique).

Pozdravy Hello, ... (Roberto). Ahoj, ... (Roberto). Good Dobře Nice Je hezké

to see you again. že vás zase vidím.

How are you? Jak se máte? How are things? Jak to jde? How’s the family? Jak se má rodina? Good Dobrý/dobré

Fine, thanks. And you? Dobře, děkuji. A vy? Not too bad, thanks. Celkem dobře, děkuji. Very well, thank you. Velmi dobře, děkuji.

morning. ráno. afternoon. odpoledne. evening. večer.

• Good night pouíváme pouze když večer odcházíme, nepoužívá se jako pozdrav. Rozloučení I must go now. Už musím jít. We really must leave now. My už opravdu musíme jít. I must be off. Už musím.

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It was very nice meeting you. Velice rád jsem vás poznal. Have a good Šťastnou(ý)/příjemnou(ý)

trip. cestu. journey. cestu. flight. let.

I hope to see you again. Doufám, že se ještě uvidíme.

씮

I really enjoyed meeting you, too. I já jsem vás velmi rád poznal.

씮

Thank you ... (and the same to you). Děkuji ... (vám také).

씮

I hope so, too. Také doufám.

on the … (1 July). ... (1. července). next week. příští týden. soon. brzy.

Have a good Šťastnou(ý)/příjemnou(ý)

Nabídky a požádání

trip back. zpáteční cestu. flight back. zpáteční let.

Offers and requests

Nabízíme Shall I … (open the window)? Neměl bych ... (otevřít okno)? Do you want me to … (post the letter for you)? Chcete, abych ... (vám ten dopis poslal)? If you like, I can … (give you some help). Když budete chtít, mohu ... (vám s tím pomoci). Would you like me to … (arrange a meeting)? Chcete, abych ... (domluvil schůzku)? Přijímáme nabídku Yes, please. Ano prosím. Thank you. Děkuji. That’s very kind of you. To je od vás velmi milé. Thank you. I’d appreciate that. Děkuji, to bych vám byl vděčný.

Odmítáme nabídku Thanks, but please don’t bother. Děkuji, ale neobtěžujte se. Thanks, but that won’t be necessary. Děkuji, to nebude nutné. That’s very kind of you, but … (I can manage). To je od vás velmi milé, ale ... (já si poradím).

Požádání

Souhlas

Can you … (come tomorrow)? Můžeš ... (přijít zítra)? Could you … (write her a letter)? Mohl byste ... (jí napsat dopis)? Would you … (book the hotel)? Mohl byste ... (zarezervovat hotel)? Do you think you could … (check it)? Myslíte, že byste ... (to mohl zkontrolovat/zjistit)?

Yes, of course. Ano, samozřejmě. Yes, certainly. Ano, jistě.

Would you mind … (checking it)? Vadilo by vám, kdybyste ... (to zkontroloval/zjistil)? Do you mind … (checking it)? Vadilo by vám ... (to zkontroloval/zjistil)?

Not at all. Ne, vůbec ne. No, of course not. Ne, samozřejmě že ne.

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I think that will be difficult … (There isn’t enough time). Myslím, že to bude obtížné ... (není na to dost času). I’m afraid not … (I’m very busy). Obávám se, že ne ... (mám moc práce). I’m sorry, but that’s not possible … (I’m leaving now). Je mi líto, ale ... (už odcházím/odjíždím). I’m afraid not. Obávám se, že ne.

Názory a návrhy

I look forward to … (seeing you again). Těším se ... (až se znovu uvidíme). I’m looking forward to … (our next meeting). Těším se ... (na naše další setkání). See you Uvidíme se

Odmítnutí

Opinions and suggestions

Ptáme se na názor What do you think about ... (the design)? Co si myslíte ... (o vzhledu/designu)? What’s your opinion of ... (the quality)? Jaký je váš názor na ... (kvalitu)? How do you feel about ... (the price)? Co si myslíš ... (o ceně)?

Uvádíme svůj názor In my opinion … (it’s excellent). Podle mého názoru ... (je to vynikající). I think … (it’s rather expensive). Myslím, že ... (je to dost drahé).

Vyjadřovní souhlasu I agree. Souhlasím. I certainly agree with that. S tím samozřejmě souhlasím. I agree completely. Naprosto souhlasím.

Vyjadřování nesouhlasu I’m afraid I don’t agree. Obávám se, že nemohu souhlasit. I’m sorry, but I disagree. Je mi líto, ale já nesouhlasím.

Žádáme o návrhy Do you have any suggestions for … (the agenda)? Máte nějaké návrhy ohledně ... (programu)? Any ideas on … (the parking problem)? Nějaké nápady ohledně ... (problému s parkováním)? Dáváme návrhy I suggest … (we meet at the hotel). Navrhuji, abychom ... (se setkali v hotelu). How about … (going by plane)? Co takhle ... (letět letadlem)? What about … (giving a talk)? Co takhle ... (přednést referát)? Why don’t we … (have a meeting)? Proč si teď ... (neuděláme schůzi)? Why not … (finish with a party)? Proč ... (nezakončit večírkem)? We could … (arrange a tennis tournament). Mohli bychom ... (uspořádat turnaj v tenisu). Přijímáme návrhy Yes, that’s a good idea. Ano, to je dobrý nápad. Yes, let’s do that. Ano, uděláme to.

Odmítáme návrhy Yes, but … (it’s too far away). Ano, ale ... (je to moc daleko). I’m not sure about that. Nejsem si tím jistý. I’m afraid I don’t like that idea. Je mi líto, mně se ten nápad nelíbí.

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Loučíme se

Saying goodbye

Odmítáme prosbu

Děkujeme za pohostinnost Thank you Děkuji

for inviting us. za pozvání. for everything. za všechno. very much for your hospitality. za vaši pohostinnost.

Thanks a lot. Moc děkuji.

We’ve had a wonderful time. Moc se nám to líbilo. It was really enjoyable. Bylo to velmi příjemné. I really appreciated it. Opravdu to oceňuji. Everything was great. Bylo to skvělé.

Odpovídáme na poděkování I’m glad you Jsem rád, že

could come. jste mohl přijít. enjoyed it. jste si to užil. found it interesting. vás to zaujalo. liked it. se vám to líbilo.

Could I borrow your car? Mohl bych si půjčit vaše auto? Do you mind if I smoke? Vadilo by vám, kdybych si zapálil?

씮 Sorry, but I need it. Je mi líto, potřebuju ho. Well, I’d rather you didn’t. No, byl bych raději, kdybyste nekouřil.

Vydáváme a podáváme si různé věci Have you got the tickets? Máte vstupenky? Could you pass the bread, please? Mohl byste mi prosím podat chléb?

씮 Yes, here they are. Ano, tady jsou. 씮 Yes, here you are. Ano, tady je.

Vyjadřujeme překvapení They’ve got six children now. Oni už mají šest dětí.

씮 Really! Opravdu!

Reagujeme na dobré zprávy

Zdvořilostní fráze

Social responses

I’ve passed my final exams! Složil jsem závěrečné zkoušky!

Poděkování Thanks for all your help. Děkuji za všechnu vaši pomoc. Thank you for your advice. Děkuji za radu.

Don’t mention it. To nestojí za řeč. Not at all. Není zač. You’re welcome. (US) Rádo se stalo. (americká angličtina)

Congratulations! Gratuluji! That’s great! To je skvělé!

Reagujeme na špatné zprávy I failed my driving test. Neudělal jsem zkoušku v autoškole.

씮 Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. To je mi líto.

Reagujeme na různá přání

Omluvy Sorry I’m late. Omlouvám se, že jdu pozdě. I’m sorry. I’ve broken a glass. Omlouvám se, rozbil jsem skleničku.

It doesn’t matter. To nevadí. Don’t worry. Netrapte se tím. Never mind. Nic se nestalo.

Have a good weekend. Hezký víkend.

Thanks. You too. Děkuji, vám také.

I hope you enjoy your holiday. Doufám, že se vám dovolená vydaří.

Thanks, and the same to you. Děkuji, ať se vám také vydaří.

Žádáme o zopakování

Pobyt v hotelu

Sorry? Promiňte Pardon? Pardon

Rezervujeme si pokoj

Could you repeat that, please? Můžete to prosím zopakovat? I’m sorry, I didn’t catch ... (your name). Omlouvám se, nepochytil jsem ... (vaše jméno).

I’d like to book a Rád bych si objednal

Staying at a hotel single jednolůžkový double dvoulůžkový

room for 4 April. pokoj na 4. dubna.

Žádáme o dovolení a reagujeme na ně May I sit here? Mohu si tu sednout? Could I use your phone? Mohl bych si od vás zavolat? Do you mind if I open the window? Vadilo by vám, kdybych otevřel okno?

씮

Yes, of course. Ano, samozřejmě. Please do. Poslužte si. Yes, certainly. Ano, jistě. No, not at all. Ne, vůbec ne.

Žádáme o služby I’d like a room, please. Rád bych si objednal pokoj prosím. Could I have an early morning call, at 6.30? Můžete mě prosím vzbudit telefonem v 6.30? Could I have my bill, please? Můžete mi prosím připravit účet? Can I pay by credit card? Mohu zaplatit kreditní kartou? Přijíždíme do hotelu I have a reservation. Mám rezervovaný pokoj.

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Telefonování Telephoning Představujeme se Hello. This is ... (James Turner). Dobrý den. Tady je ... (James Turner). Is that ... (Monique Bresson)? Je to ... (Monique Bressonová)? 씮 Yes, speaking. Ano, u telefonu.

씮 Who’s calling, please?

Could I/I’d like to speak to ... (Mr Brown). Mohl bych mluvit s ... (panem Brownem)?

Kdo volá prosím?

I’m calling about ... (the letter I sent you). Volám kvůli ... (tomu dopisu, který jsem vám poslal). Hold the line, please. Počkejte na lince, prosím. I’m sorry, ... Je mi líto, ale ... I’m afraid ... Obávám se, že ...

(Mr Brown) is in a meeting at the moment. (pan Brown) je teď na schůzi. (he)’s busy at present. je teď zaneprázdněný. (she) isn’t here. teď tu není.

Počasí What was the weather like in ... (London)? Jaké je v Londýně počasí?

Sport a volný čas What do you do at the weekends? Co děláte o víkendech? Do you play any sports? Děláte nějaké sporty?

Cestování a dovolená Do you travel a lot? Cestujete hodně? Which countries do you visit? Do jakých zemí jezdíte? Where did you spend ... (your last holiday)? Kde jste strávil ... (svou poslední dovolenou)?

Novinky What’s the latest news on … (the election)? Jaké jsou poslední zprávy o ... (volbách)? Is there any news about … (the conference)? Jsou nějaké novinky o ... (konferenci)?

Necháváme vzkaz take a message? mu něco vyřídit? leave a message? mu nechat vzkaz? Could you take a message? Mohl byste jí něco vyřídit? Can I Mohu

Could you Mohl byste

ask ... (her) to call ... (Luigi Bastini)? (ji) požádat, aby zavolala ... (Luigimu Bastinimu)? tell ... (him) that ... (Duncan Ross) called? (mu) říct, že volal ... (Duncan Ross)?

Could you spell ... (your name), please? Mohl byste prosím hláskovat své jméno? What’s your number, please? Jaké je vaše telefonní číslo?

Máme hosta Welcoming a visitor Cesta na místo pobytu Did you have a good journey? Měl jste dobrou cestu? How was your flight? Jaký byl let? Did you have any problems finding us? Našel jste nás bez problémů? How did you get here? Čím jste přijel/jak jste se sem dostal? Are you here on business? Jste tu služebně?

Host Where do you live? Kde bydlíte? Which part of the country/city is that? V které části země/města to je?

Zaměstnání What do you do? Jaké je vaše zaměstnání? Where do you work? Kde pracujete? What are you working on currently? Na čem teď právě pracujete?

První dojmy What do you think of … (the new airport)? Co si myslíte o ... (tom novém letišti)? Is this your first visit to … (Barcelona)? Jste v ... (Barceloně) poprvé? How long are you here for? Na jak dlouho jste přijel?

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JINÉ UŽITEČNÉ INFORMACE

OTHER USEFUL INFORMATION

Data (v písmu)

Dates (written)

Britská angličtina

Americká angličtina

Americká angličtina American English

2.11.04 2 November 2004

11/2/04 November 2 2004

V tomto oddílu se popisují některé rozdíly mezi americkou a britskou angličtinou. Rozdíly nejsou velké a mohou se v různých oblastech USA lišit.

Data (v řeči) Dates (spoken) Britská angličtina

Americká angličtina

have/have got V britské angličtině se pro vyjádření vlastnictví častu užívá have got.

She started work on the second of November, two thousand and four.

She started work on November second, two thousand and four.

Britská angličitna

Britská/americká angličtina

Slovní zásoba Vocabulary

I have an Italian car. Do you have any children?

Britská angličtina

Americká angličtina Britská angličtina

Americká angličtina

flat

apartment

post

mail

car

automobile

cinema

movie theatre

taxi

cab

trousers

pants

Britská/americká angličtina

chemist

drugstore

wallet

pocketbook

I have an English lesson every week.

lift

elevator

railway

railroad

autumn

fall

toilet

restroom

tap

faucet

return ticket

round trip ticket

ground floor

first floor

pavement

sidewalk

motorway

freeway

tube/underground

subway

petrol

gas

holiday

vacation

I’ve got a German car. Have you got a fax machine?

Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.

Yes, I do. No, I don’t.

Rozdíl je pouze v přítomném čase prostém Present Simple, v jiných časech nikoli. Sloveso have se užívá také pro vyjádření děje stejně v britské i v americké angličtině.

Do you have coffee for breakfast?

Yes, I do. No, I don’t.

Předpřítomný čas prostý/minulý čas prostý

Present Perfect Simple/Past Simple

Tam, kde se v britské angličtině používá předpřítomný čas Present Perfect, používá se v americké angličtině minulý čas prostý Past Simple. Britská angličtina

Americká angličtina

I’ve just finished the report.

I just finished the report.

Have you seen her yet?

Did you see her yet?

I haven’t finished the work yet.

I didn’t finish the work yet.

We’ve already met.

We already met.

Předložky

Prepositions

Britská angličtina

Americká angličtina

at the weekend

on the weekend

five minutes past two

five minutes past/after two

ten minutes to six

ten minutes to/of six

write to me

write me

meet someone

meet with someone

stay at home

stay home

Tuesday to Saturday

Tuesday through Saturday

visit somebody

visit with somebody

30

Žádáme o pomoc Asking for help Sorry, I don’t understand. Promiňte, já nerozumím. I don’t know what ... (‘currently’) means. Nevím, co znamená ... (‘currently’). What does ... (‘working knowledge’) mean? Co znamená ... (‘working knowledge’)? What do you call this in English? Jak se to řekne anglicky? How do you say ... (‘chtěl bych si objednat pokoj’) in English? Jak se anglicky řekne (‘chtěl bych si objednat pokoj’)? Could you say that again, please? Mohl byste to prosím říci ještě jednou? Could you repeat that, please? Můžete to prosím zopakovat? Could you speak more slowly, please? Můžete prosím mluvit pomaleji? Could you spell that, please? Mohl byste to prosím hláskovat? Could you write that down, please? Můžete to prosím napsat?

31

Země a národnosti Země America (the USA) Australia Austria Belgium Brazil Canada China the Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Great Britain/the UK Greece Hungary India

Countries and nationalities

Národnost American Australian Austrian Belgian Brazilian Canadian Chinese Czech Danish Finnish French German British Greek Hungarian Indian

Země Ireland Italy Japan Mexico the Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Slovakia Spain Sweden Switzerland Thailand Turkey

Národnost Irish Italian Japanese Mexican Dutch Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Slovak/Slovakian Spanish Swedish Swiss Thai Turkish

Zakončení Please contact me again (if you need any more information). Let me know (if you need anything else). I look forward to (welcoming you …) Hoping (to see you soon). See you (in Prague). Ukázka obchodního dopisu

CUNNINGHAM ASSOCIATES 26, Trent Rd, Bicester, Oxon OX6 8RN Tel: 01869 204950 Fax: 01869 204900 [email protected] www.cunningham.com

22 February 2004 Jean Paul Leclerc ZigZag SA 74, rue Jules Ferry 75116 Paris Dear Mr Leclerc

E-maily, faxy a dopisy Oslovení Dear Sir/Madam Dear Mr Murphy/Ms White Dear Andrea Hi Jon

Emails, faxes, and letters Závěr Yours faithfully Yours sincerely Best wishes/Best regards/Yours See you soon

Úvodní pasáž Following (our phone conversation today …) In reply to (your fax received …) Thank you for (your fax of ...) Thanks for (your email …) Požádání Could you please (reserve …) Would you please (tell me …) Please fax/email me (your mobile phone no.) Uvádíme špatné zprávy I am sorry (to inform you …) Unfortunately (I will not be able to …)

Uvádíme důvod, proč píšeme I am writing (to enquire about …) I am pleased (to confirm …) This letter is (to thank you …) This fax is (to give you details of …) This email is (to get in touch …) Soubory v příloze (e-mail) I attach (two files …)

Thank you for your letter of 15 January. I apologize for not replying sooner. I am writing to confirm that I will be in Paris on 7 March and will be very happy to meet you for lunch and visit your factory in the afternoon, as you suggest. Unfortunately I will not be able to attend your company dinner as I am flying to Rome in the evening. Could you please send me your catalogue and price list as I would like to show it to my colleagues at our meeting next week. I enclose a printout of our latest design, which I hope will be of interest. I look forward to meeting you next month. Please let me know if you would like me to bring any samples of merchandise. Yours sincerely David Cunningham Manager enc.

Přílohy v dopise I enclose (a copy of …) Omluvy I apologize for (the delay ...) I’m sorry about (the mistake …) Sorry (I didn’t get back to you earlier …)

• Jestliže dopis začínáme Dear Sir nebo Dear Madam, zakončujeme ho Yours faithfully. Jestliže dopis začínáme křestním jménem adresáta (např. Dear Mr Leclerc), zakončujeme jej Yours sincerely. Píšeme-li příteli či blízkému obchodnímu partnerovi, zakončujeme Best wishes, Best regards, Yours.

• Pomocí Ms můžeme nahradit Mrs a Miss. Ms neudává, zda je žena vdaná či nikoli. Předpřítomný čas prostý 32

33

Časové přímky

Grammar timelines

Minulý čas prostý Past Simple

Matematické termíny + ÷ x = %

Předpřítomný čas prostý Present Perfect Simple

]

1992 Fairtrade started in the UK in 1992

She’s been a doctor for 10 years.

Past

Now

Past

Now

3 + 5=8 7 – 1=6 20 ÷ 2 =10 3 x 3=9 1 + 4=5 75% 1 /4 1 /3 1 /2 3 /4 11/2

Mathematical terms

three plus five is eight seven minus one is six twenty divided by two is ten three times/multiplied by three is nine one plus four is/equals five seventy-five per cent a quarter a third a half three quarters one and a half

Fonetické symboly

Phonetic symbols

Samohlásky Předpřítomný čas prostý Present Perfect Simple

Předpřítomný čas průběhový Present Perfect Continuous

In recent years the price of coffee has fallen.

K

256r Saint-Gobain has been making glass since 1665.

Past

Now

Předpřítomný čas prostý Present Perfect Simple

Past

since a for

;

since 2003

Now

since and for

since last month

since Monday

You’ve written a lot of books about the business world. Past

34

Now

Past

i: I e & A: Q O: U u: V i

jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově

see /si:/ sit /sIt/ ten /ten/ hat /h&t/ arm /A:m/ got /gQt/ saw /sO:/ put /pUt/ too /tu:/ cup /kVp/ happy /"h&pi/

u 3: @ eI @U aI aU OI I@ e@ U@

jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově

situation /%sItSu"eISn/ girl /g3:l/ ago /@"g@U/ page /peIdZ/ home /h@Um/ five /faIv/ now /naU/ join /dZOIn/ near /nI@(r)/ hair /he@(r)/ pure /pjU@(r)/

pen /pen/ bad /b&d/ tea /ti:/ did /dId/ cat /k&t/ got /gQt/ chin /ÍIn/ June /dZu:n/ fall /fO:l/ voice /vOIs/ thin /TIn/ then /Den/

s z S Z h m n N l r j w

jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově

so /s@U/ zoo /zu:/ she /Si:/ television /"telIvIZn/ how /haU/ man /m&n/ no /n@U/ sing /sIN/ leg /leg/ red /red/ yes /jes/ wet /wet/

Souhlásky p b t d k g Í dZ f v T D

jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově jako ve slově

Now

35

WORD LIST

Unit 1 a lot adv /@ "lQt/ velmi, hodně, mnoho There are a lot of people in this room. about adv /@"baUt/ kolem, okolo přibližně It costs about 10 Euros. about prep /@"baUt/ o kom, čem It’s a book about birds. activity n /&k"tIv@ti/ aktivita, činnost The club provides a wide variety of activities. actually adv /"&ktju@li/ ve skutečnosti, vlastně It’s not actually raining. add v /&d/ sčítat, sečíst, přidat She added the eggs to the milk. against prep /@"genst, @"geInst/ proti The people are against the decision to close the hospital. agenda n /@"dZend@/ program, pořad jednání The next item on the agenda is the finance report. although conj /O;l"D@U/ ačkoliv, přestože Although the sun was shining, it wasn’t very warm. always adv /"O;lweIz/ vždy He always arrives at 7.30 a.m. appointment n /@"pOIntm@nt/ schůzka I’ve got a doctor’s appointment at 3.00 p.m. approximate adj /@"prQksIm@t/ přibližný The cost is only approximate. area n /"e@rI@/ oblast She knows the local area very well. arrange v /@"reIndZ/ dohodnout se, ujednat si, sjednat Can you arrange the meeting? arrangement n /@"reIndZm@nt/ úmluva, dohoda plán I’ll make arrangements for your journey. article n /"A;tIkl/ článek, stať Have you seen that article about the college? at present idiom /@t "preznt/ v současné době, v současnosti, momentálně Jane is working in London at present. at the moment idiom /@t D@ "m@Um@nt/ právě teď, v tomto okamžiku We’re very busy at the moment. attend v /@t"end/ účastnit se, zúčastnit se, navštěvovat Twenty people attended the meeting. back adv /b&k/ zpět, zpátky, dozadu Sit back and relax. billion n /"bIlj@n/ bilión GB, miliarda US 36

They have spent billions on the new building. boss n /bQs/ šéf/šéfka, vedoucí I hope my boss is happy with my work. both pron /b@UT/ oba, obě Both women were American. bracket n /"br&kIt/ závorka The dates are in brackets after the name of the book. business card n /"bIzn@s kA;d/ vizitka, navštívenka We exchanged business cards. business trip n /"bIzn@s trIp/ služební cesta He made several business trips to China. business n /"bIzn@s/ obchod It’s been a pleasure to do business with you. camping n /"k&mpIN/ táboření, kempování I love camping. case n /keIs/ případ, situace In some cases people have to wait for a long time. certainly adv /"s3;t@nli/ určitě, jistě, samozřejmě I’m certainly never going there again. cheap adj /tSi;p/ levný, laciný Computers are very cheap today. check v /tSek/ kontrolovat, zkontrolovat Check your work before giving it to me. choose v /tSu;z/ vybrat, vybrat si, zvolit, zvolit si There are many restaurants to choose from. city centre n /sIti "sent@/ střed města This bus doesn’t go to the city centre. coach n /k@UtS/ autobus, autokar, zájezdový autobus They went to Paris by coach. colleague n /"kQli;g/ kolega/kolegyně Peter is a colleague of mine from the office. communicate v /k@m"ju;nIkeIt/ komunikovat We communicate by email. communication n /k@mju;nI"keISn/ komunikace We are in regular communication by email. commute v /k@"mju;t/ dojíždět She commutes to work by car. competition n /kQmp@"tISn/ konkurence, soutěž Sarah’s team won the competition. complete v /k@m"pli;t/ dokončit The project took five years to complete. consultant n /k@n"sVlt@nt/ poradce/poradkyně He works as a management consultant. conversation n /kQnv@"seISn/ konverzace I had a long conversation with her the other day.

cooking n /"kUkIN/ vaření, úprava jídel My husband does all the cooking. correct adj /k@"rekt/ správný, bezchybný Do you have the correct answer? country n /"kVntri/ venkov We had a wonderful holiday in the country. country n /"kVntri/ země, státi např. Francie, Itálie She was happy living in a foreign country. cuisine n /kwI"zi;n/ tradiční kuchyně, místní kuchyně Italian cuisine is very popular. daily adj /"deIli/ každodenní Mr Harris reads a daily newspaper. decide v /dI"sAId/ rozhodnout, rozhodnout se It was difficult to decide between the two people. decrease v /dI"kri;s/ snížit se, klesat, klesnout The price has decreased this year. diagram n /"daI@gr&m/ diagram, grafické znázornění The results are shown in diagram 2. dialogue n /"daI@lQg/ rozhovor The book has long dialogues. different adj /"dIfr@nt/ odlišný, rozdílný, jiný British English is different from American English. dine v /daIn/ stolovat, jíst, obědvat, večeřet We dined with my family at an Indian restaurant. discuss v /dI"skVs/ diskutovat, projednávat, projednat Have you discussed the problem with anyone? edition n /@"dISn/ vydání, edice The story was in Tuesday’s edition of The Times. editor n /"edIt@/ redaktor/redaktorka, vydavatel He is a dictionary editor. employer n /Im"plOI@/ zaměstnavatel/ zaměstnavatelka They are one of the largest employers in the area. employment n /Im"plOIm@nt/ zaměstnání, zaměstnanost It is difficult for young people to find full-time employment. enjoy v /In"dZOI/ bavit se, užívat si I really enjoyed the party. enter v /"ent@/ přihlásit se, účastnit se soutěže Many people entered the competition. estimated adj /"estImeItId/ odhadovaný, odhadnutý The building is estimated to cost €10 million. European Union n /ju;r@2pI@n "ju;nI@n/ Evropská unie There are 27 countries in the European Union.

event n /I"vent/ událost, plánovaná veřejná/ společenská akce It is a very important social event. exact adj /Ig"z&kt/ přesný She gave an exact description of the woman. example n /Ig"zA;mpl/ příklad Can you give me an example? expect v /Ik"spekt/ očekávat, čekat, předpokládat We are expecting him to arrive at 1.00 p.m. expert n /"eksp3;t/ odborník/odbornice, znalec/znalkyně He’s a computer expert. explanation n /ekspl@"neISn/ vysvětlení His explanation was not very good. export v /Ik"spO;t/ vyvážet The country exports fruit. fair n /fe@/ veletrh, prodejní výstava Are you going to the fair in Madrid? ferry n /"feri/ trajekt, převozní loď We took the ferry from Dover to Calais. figure n /"fIg@/ počet, množství Figures for this month are better than last month. file n /faIl/ soubor, shromážděné a setříděné dokumenty/informace I had many files to organize. fill in v /fIl "In/ doplnit, vyplnit, vepsat Please fill in this form. fine adj /faIn/ v pořádku, těšící se dobrému zdraví How are you? Fine, thanks. fine adv /faIn/ dobře, fajn, to mi vyhovuje - vyjádření souhlasu Can I have a look? Fine, go ahead. first adj /f3;st/ první It was the first time she had been abroad. flexitime n /"fleksi;taIm/ pohyblivá pracovní doba She works flexitime. fluently adv /"flu;@ntli/ plynule, plynně He speaks German fluently. focus n /"f@Uk@s/ pozornost, zaměření, ohnisko It was the main focus of the meeting. for prep /fO;/ pro, ve prospěch čeho The people are for building a new school in the village. foreign language n /"fQr@n l&NgwIdZ/ cizí jazyk How many foreign languages do you speak? form n /fO;m/ formulář You need to complete a form. free adj /fri;/ zdarma, bezplatný, k dispozici Is this seat free? gap n /g&p/ mezera There is a large gap in 37

the window. genius n /"dZi;nI@s/ génius Professor Jones is a genius. go down v /g@U "daUn/ snížit se, klesat, poklesnout The price of petrol has gone down. golf n /gQlf/ golf He plays golf every weekend. government n /"gVv@m@nt/ vláda The government is discussing new education laws. greet v /gri;t/ pozdravit, přivítat, uvítat She greeted us with a smile. greeting n /"gri;tIN/ pozdrav, uvítání They exchanged greetings and then the meeting started. grower n /"gr@U@/ pěstitel/pěstitelka The vegetables are from a local grower. guest n /gest/ host, návštěvník/návštěvnice We have guests this weekend. happen v /"h&p@n/ stát se, přihodit se What happened? hard-working adj /hA;d "w3;kIN/ pracovitý, pilný She is a very hard-working student. helpful adj /"helpfl/ užitečný, prospěšný It would be helpful for me to see it. holiday n /"hQl@deI/ prázdniny, dovolená Where did you go on holiday last year? horse-riding n /"hO;s raIdIN/ jízda na koni, jezdectví Horse-riding is her favourite hobby. how often adv /haU "Qf@n, haU "Qft@n/ jak často How often do you go to the cinema? I’m afraid idiom /aIm @"freId/ obávám se, bohužel omluva I’m afraid I can’t help you. imagine v /I"m&dZIn/ představit si It was exactly how I imagined it. import v /Im"pO;t/ dovážet The country has to import most of its materials. important adj /Im"pO;t@nt/ důležitý This job is very important. importer n /Im"pO;t@/ dovozce They are a car importer. increase v /In"kri;s/ zvyšovat, zvýšit, zvětšovat se, růst, narůst The price of petrol has increased. infinitive n /In"fIn@tIv/ infinitiv ‘Can’ is followed by an infinitive without ‘to’. inform v /In"fO;m/ informovat Please inform us of any changes. information n /Inf@"meISn/ informace Please contact us for further information. international adj /Int@"n&Sn@l/ mezinárodní 38

He works for an international company. interpreter n /In"t3;pr@t@/ tlumočník/ tlumočnice Lisa works as an interpreter. interview n,v /"Int@vju;/ pohovor, interview; mít pohovor Good luck at your interview! / We will have to interview all the candidates. introduce v /Intr@"dju;s/ představit se formálně seznámit jmény Let me introduce you to my manager. introduction n /Intr@"dVkSn/ představení After the introductions, the meeting started. join v /dZOIn/ spojit se, připojit se, stát se členem čeho Helen has joined a gym to try to get fit. journalist n /"dZ3;n@lIst/ novinář/novinářka She’s a TV journalist. June n /dZu;n/ červen June has only 30 days. key n /ki;/ klíč The key to doing well in exams is to study hard. later adv /"leIt@/ později Can you finish that later? leisure adj /"leZ@/ volný What leisure activities do you do? lifestyle n /"laIfstaIl/ životní styl They have a very exciting lifestyle. long-term adj /"lQN t3;m/ dlouhodobý This is long-term investment. look forward to v /lUk "fO;w@d tu;/ těšit se I’m looking forward to seeing him. magazine n /m&g@"zi;n/ časopis The pictures in the magazine were beautiful. main adj /meIn/ hlavní The main problem is the money. meaning n /"mi;nIN/ význam, smysl What is the meaning of this word? meet v /mi;t/ setkat se, sejít se, dát si schůzku They first met at school. meeting n /"mi;tIN/ schůzka, setkání Where is the meeting? midday n /mId"deI/ poledne Let’s meet at midday. midnight n /"mIdnaIt/ půlnoc She arrived home at midnight. million n /"mIlj@n/ milión His house is worth a million. missing adj /"mIsIN/ chybějící, nepřítomný Her cat is missing.

motorbike n /"m@Ut@baIk/ motorka He rides his motorbike to work. museum n /mju;"zI@m/ muzeum There are many valuable objects in the museum. never adv /"nev@/ nikdy I have never been to New Zealand. nice adj /naIs/ pěkný, hezký, milý Did you have a nice time? notebook n /"n@UtbUk/ zápisník I must write it down in my notebook. of course idiom /@v "kO;s/ samozřejmě, zajisté Don’t you like it? Of course I do! offer v /"Qf@/ nabídnout, nabízet He offered her €2,000 for the car. often adv /"Qf@n, "Qft@n/ často She often visits her grandmother at the weekend. on time idiom /Qn "taIm/ včas, přesně The train was on time. once adv /wVns/ jednou, jedenkrát I’ve only been there once. opinion n /@"pInj@n/ názor, mínění What’s your opinion? opposite adj /"Qp@zIt/ opačný, protilehlý, nacházející se naproti The bank is opposite the supermarket. organize v /"O;g@naIz/ organizovat, pořádat The school has organized a trip. organizer n /"O;g@naIz@/ organizátor/ organizátorka, pořadatel/pořadatelka He is a good organizer. pair n /pe@/ pár, dvojice He bought a new pair of trousers. parent n /"pe@r@nt/ rodič Her parents live in Canada. partner n /"pA;tn@/ partner, partnerka,

picture n /"pIktS@/ obraz, obrázek I have got many pictures on my walls at home. plane n /pleIn/ letadlo What time does your plane leave? population n /pQpj@"leISn/ populace, obyvatelstvo 50% of the population speak English fluently. practise v /"pr&ktIs/ cvičit, procvičovat Musicians have to practise for hours every day. present v /pr@"zent/ prezentovat představovat, představit/ukazovat, ukázat The Queen will present the prizes. presentation n /prez@n"teISn/ prezentace, předvedení He is giving a presentation to his boss. producer n /pr@"dju;s@/ výrobce, osoba/ organizace vyrábějící zboží France is a famous wine producer. profile n /"pr@UfaIl/ profil, popis The magazine published a profile of the famous actor. pronunciation n /pr@nVnsi"eISn/ výslovnost What’s the pronunciation of this word? publisher n /"pVblIS@/ nakladatel, vydavatel Oxford University Press is a publisher. quiz n /kwIz/ kvíz, test Did you win the quiz? rarely adv /"re@li/ zřídka, vzácně, málokdy I rarely eat meat. rate v /reIt/ hodnotit, ohodnotit, posuzovat, odhadnout kvalitu Schools are rated according to exam results. really adv /"rI@li/ opravdu, skutečně Tell me what really happened. record v /rI"kO;d/ zaznamenat, nahrát, zapsat, zachytit fakta The secretary recorded everything that was said at the meeting. region n /"ri;dZ@n/ region, oblast, území osoba, která se účastní aktivity jiné There is a large unpopulated region in the osoby Paul is my tennis partner. north of the country. percentage n /p@"sentIdZ/ procento What regularly adv /"regj@l@li/ pravidelně Water percentage of the population are over 60? personal adj /"p3;s@n@l/ osobní That is a the plants regularly. repeat v /rI"pi;t/ opakovat, zopakovat I’m very personal question. photographer n /f@"tQgr@f@/ fotograf/ sorry! Could you repeat that? reply n /rI"plaI/ odpověď There were over fotografka He is a wonderful photographer. photography n /f@"tQgr@fi;/ fotografování 100 replies to the advertisement. represent v /reprI"zent/ zastupovat, He usually does wedding photography. phrase n /freIz/ fráze, vazba, slovní spojení reprezentovat David Williams represented the Do you have a phrase for that in Czech? Prime Minister at the ceremony. 39

response n /rI"spQns/ odpověď, reakce The response made her angry. restaurant n /"restrQnt/ restaurace Which is your favourite restaurant? rewrite v /ri;"raIt/ přepsat I will have to rewrite that letter. right adj /raIt/ správný That’s the right answer! routine n /ru;"ti;n/ obvyklý postup, běžná praxe, rutina You should make exercise a part of your routine. rule n /rU@l/ pravidlo, předpis There are many rules when you are at school. run v /rVn/ vést, řídit, provozovat, být za něco zodpovědný, velet čemu They run a small business in the centre of town. sailing n /"seIlIN/ plavba, plachtění Have you ever tried sailing? salary n /"s&l@ri/ plat His annual salary has just increased. sale n /seIl/ prodej The sale starts on January 1st. sales conference n /"seilz kQnfr@ns/ obchodní konference John is at the sales conference in Liverpool. second language n /sek@nd "l&NgwIdZ/ cizí jazyk nemateřský Do you speak a second language? service n /"s3;vIs/ služba The service in the restaurant was very slow. several det pron /"sevr@l/ několik The journey took several days. shake hands v /SeIk "h&ndz/ podat si ruce, potřást si rukama British people shake hands when they meet. sightseeing n /"saItsi;IN/ prohlížení památek Do you enjoy sightseeing? situation n /sItju;"eISn/ situace, stav The situation is very difficult at the moment. skiing n /"ski;IN/ lyžování He’s gone skiing in France. someone pron /"sVmwVn/ někdo There’s someone at the door. sometimes adv /"sVmtaImz/ někdy, občas Sometimes I go to work by car. speaker n /"spi;k@/ mluvčí; kdo mluví určitým jazykem He was a guest speaker at 40

the conference. special adj /"speSl/ speciální, zvláštní, výjimečný She has a special ability. specialize v /"speS@laIz/ specializovat se, zaměřit se The company specializes in children’s clothes. spirits n /"spIrIts/ lihoviny, silné alkoholické nápoje I don’t drink spirits. stand n /st&nd/ stojan, panel, stánek; konstrukce, na které se něco vystavuje She helped at their stand during the fair. suitcase n /"su;tkeIs/ kufr Have you packed your suitcase? sunbathing n /"sVnbeIDIN/ opalování I don’t like sunbathing. sure adj /SU@, SO;/ jistý, jasný Are you sure this is the correct way? survey n /"s3;veI/ průzkum The company carried out a survey of people’s attitudes to the traffic. task n /tA;sk/ dát za úkol Our first task is to organize a meeting. tennis n /"tenIs/ tenis Would you like to play tennis? thanks exclam /T&Nks/ poděkování; děkuji, díky Thanks for your help! theatre n /"TI@t@/ divadlo How often do you go to the theatre? three quarters n /Tri; "kwO;t@z/ tři čtvrtě The journey takes three quarters of an hour. three times adv /Tri; "taImz/ třikrát He earns three times more than he did ten years ago. tick v /tIk/ zaškrtnout, odškrtnout, ‘odfajfkovat’ I ticked the names of the students in the class. top adj /tQp/ nejlepší, zaujímající nejvyšší místo v žebříčku He got top marks in his exam. translation n /tr&nz"leISn/ překlad, překládání What is the translation of this word? translator n /tr&nz"leIt@/ překladatel/ překladatelka She works as a translator. travel n, v /"tr&vl/ cestování; cestovat The pass allows unlimited travel on the trains. / Kate has travelled all over the world. travelling n /"tr&vlIN/ cestování The job requires a lot of travelling. twice adv /twaIs/ dvakrát I’ve been to Spain

has a garage full of automobiles. automotive adj /O;t@"m@UtIv/ automobilový He works in the automotive industry. birth n /b3;T/ narození What’s your date of birth? box n /bQks/ krabice, skříňka Your present is in the box. brand n /br&nd/ značka, obchodní značka výrobku What brand of toothpaste do you use? brief adj /bri;f krátký, stručný We tried to keep the meeting brief. call v /kO;l/ volat, telefonovat I called Sue at her office in London. caller n /"kO;l@/ telefonující, volající The caller didn’t leave a message. care n /ke@/ péče, pečlivost Choose your university with care. career n /k@"rI@/ kariéra, povolání It is difficult to have a career in business and finance without any experience. centre n /"sent@/ centrum; místo, odkud je něco řízeno The building is the centre for all the company activities. change n /tSeIndZ/ změna There have been many changes in technology in the last few years. channel n /"tS&nl/ vysílací kanál, např. televizní There are never any good films on the movie channel. company n /"kVmp@ni/ společnost, firma It is one of the largest companies in the world. consumer durable n /k@nsju;m@ "dZU@r@ bl/ spotřební zboží Cars are a good example of a consumer durable. consumer n /k@n"sju;m@/ spotřebitel Consumers want more information about the Unit 2 food products they buy. abroad adv /@"brO;d/ zahraničí, do zahraničí, v contact n /"kQnt&kt/ kontakt There is little zahraničí Have you travelled abroad much? contact between the companies. another det pron /@"nVD@/ jiný, další Would cooker n /"kUk@/ vařič, sporák It is an you like another drink? excellent gas cooker. appliance n /@"plaI@ns/ zařízení, přístroj coordinator n /k@U"O;dIneIt@/ koordinátor/ That shop sells a wide range of appliances. koordinátorka The project needs a good around adv /@"raUnd/ kolem, dokola, co-ordinator. okolo He left around 5 o’clock. courage n /"kVrIdZ/ odvaha, kuráž He arrive v /@"raIv/ přijet, přijít, dorazit What showed great courage. time did she arrive? current adj /"kVr@nt/ současný, nynější, automobile n /"O;t@m@bI@l/ automobil He týkající se současnosti The current exchange twice. underline v /Vnd@"laIn/ podtrhnout Underline the correct answer. unemployed adj /VnIm"plOId/ nezaměstnaný I’m unemployed at the moment. unhelpful adj /Vn"helpfl/ neochotny The woman in the shop was very unhelpful. useful adj /"ju;sfl/ užitečný It’s really useful to have a car. usually adv /"ju;Z@li/ obvykle, běžně I usually get up at 8.00 a.m. vineyard n /"vInjA;d/ vinohrad, vinice The vineyard produces some of the best wines in the world. way n /weI/ způsob, jakým se něco dělá I hate the way she speaks to me. welcome v /"welk@m/ vítat, uvítat, přivítat Karen welcomed us with a big smile. what adv /wQt/ jaký, který, co What does he do? when adv /wen/ kdy When does your train leave? where adv /we@/ kde, kam Where is the railway station? which adv /wItS/ který, kdo, co Which is better – swimming or running? who adv /hu;/ který, kdo (o osobách) Who are you? wine n /waIn/ víno Would you prefer red or white wine? wine-producing adj /"waIn pr@dju;sIN/ vinařský Burgundy in France is a famous wine-producing region.

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rate is very good. customer n /"kVst@m@/ zákazník/ zákaznice I’m one of their best customers. data n /"deIt@/ data, údaje The data was collected from 100 countries. date from v /"deIt frQm/ datovat se, pocházet z doby The custom dates from the 17th century. decision n /dI"sIZn/ rozhodnutí Ben knew he’d made the right decision. describe v /dI"skraIb/ popsat, popisovat Can you describe him to me? development n /dI"vel@pm@nt/ rozvoj, vývoj The environment is being damaged by the development. director n /daI"rekt@/ ředitel/ředitelka He is the finance director of the company. discussion n /dI"skVSn/ diskuse, debata, rozhovor The discussion lasted for hours. dishwasher n /"dISwQS@/ myčka nádobí Please empty the dishwasher. distribution system n /dIstrI"bju;Sn sIst@m/ distribuční síť The company was experiencing problems with its distribution system. division n /dI"vIZn/ oddělení, divize, útvar He works for the company’s sales division. double adj /"dVbl/ dvojitý, dvojnásobný She ate a double helping of the dessert. economy n /I"kQn@mi/ ekonomika, např. světová ekonomika The world economy is in recession. email n /"i;meIl/ elektronická pošta, e-mail I got an email from Simon. employ v /Im"plOI/ zaměstnat The company employs over 500 people. employee n /Im"plOIi;/ zaměstnanec/ zaměstnankyně The firm has over 500 employees. enormous adj /I"nO;m@s/ obrovský, ohromný That is an enormous amount of money. equipment n /I"kwIpm@nt/ vybavení, zařízení They work with very expensive pieces of equipment. exam n /Ig"z&m/ zkouška Unfortunately, he failed his exam. expand v /Ik"sp&nd/ rozšířit se, rozrůst se, expandovat The company is hoping to expand next year. 42

extract n /"ekstr&kt/ výtažek, výtah The face cream contains natural plant extracts. factory n /"f&kt@ri/ továrna The factory is closing next month. finance n /"faIn&ns/ finance The finance for the project cannot be found. for the moment adv /f@ D@ "m@Um@nt/ prozatím I’m living with my parents for the moment. free time n /fri; "taIm/ volný čas I don’t have a lot of free time. freezer n /"fri;z@/ mraznička, mrazák My freezer isn’t working and my kitchen is full of water. fridge n /frIdZ/ lednička Don’t leave the fridge open! full-time adv, adj /fUl "taIm/ na plný úvazek I work full-time. / I’m looking for a full-time job. future n /"fju;tS@/ budoucnost Do you think we will find a cure for cancer in the future? global adj /"gl@Ubl/ globální Maybe the warmer weather is caused by global warming. go up v /g@U "Vp/ stoupat, růst The price of corn has gone up. head office n /hed "QfIs/ sídlo společnosti The company’s head office is in London. hero n /"hI@r@U/ hrdina When the soldiers returned, they were treated as heroes. hold the line v /hQld D@ "lain/ zůstat u telefonu, nepokládat, nezavěšovat Can I speak to Mr Brown? Please hold the line and I’ll just check if he’s available. holiday n /"hQl@deI/ prázdniny, dovolená Where are you going on your next holiday? home n /h@Um/ domov I live at home with my parents. homework n /"h@UmwO;k/ domácí úkol I’ve got lots of homework to do tonight. hope v /h@Up/ doufat I hope I get the job. illness n /"Iln@s/ nemoc Flu can be a very serious illness. improve v /Im"pru;v/ zlepšit se He’s living in Oxford to improve his English. improvement n /Im"pru;vm@nt/ zlepšení, zdokonalení There has been a great improvement in your work recently. in work adj /In "wO;k/ v práci, pracující There is support for mothers in work.

independently adv /IndI"pend@ntli/ nezávisle, samostatně It was the first time she had lived independently. job description n /"dZQb dIskrIpSn/ popis práce, popis pracovní náplně The job description didn’t really give much information about the job. job title n /"dZQb taItl/ název funkce His job title is Managing Director. journey n /"dZ3;ni/ cesta The journey took 3 hours. kendo n /"kend@U/ kendo, šerm s bambusovými meči Kendo is the Japanese form of fencing. lawn mower n /"lO;n m@U@/ sekačka na trávu You should clean your lawn mower every time you use it. letter n /"let@/ písmeno, např. A, B, C Write your name in capital letters. letter heading n /"let@ hedIN/ záhlaví, hlavička dopisu The letter heading is usually at the top of the page. limited adj /"lImItId/ omezený, limitovaný We are doing our best with the limited resources that are available. list v /lIst/ vyjmenovat, sestavit seznam We were asked to list our favourite books. local adj /"l@Ukl/ místní Our children go to the local school. manager n /"m&nIdZ@/ manažer/manažerka, ředitel/ředitelka Tim is a manager at the bank in town. manufacture v /m&nju "f&ktS@/ vyrábět, vyrobit The factory manufactures plastic toys. manufacturer n /m&nju "f&ktS@r@/ výrobce They are a toy manufacturer. market share n /mA;kIt "Se@/ podíl na trhu They have a 30% worldwide market share. match v /m&tS/ hodit se k čemu, odpovídat They painted the doors blue to match the walls. maternity leave n /m@"t3;nIti li;v/ mateřská dovolená Sally is taking six-months maternity leave. mayonnaise n /meI@"neIz/ majonéza Mayonnaise is made with eggs. meet v /mi;t/ splnit, vyhovět, uspokojit, např. uspokojit potřeby How can we meet the

needs of the entire group? memory n /"mem@ri;/ paměť She’s got a good memory. message pad n /"mesIdZ p&d/ poznámkový blok Write it down on the message pad by the phone. message n /"mesIdZ/ vzkaz Would you like to leave a message? mountain n /"maUntIn/ hora How high is that mountain? nationality n /n&S@"n&lIti/ národnost What’s your nationality? need n /ni;d/ potřeba We have to think about the child’s special educational needs. negotiate v /nI"g@USieIt/ jednat, projednávat Charles is the best person to negotiate the deal. office n /"Qfis/ kancelář I work in a large office. official adj /@"fISl/ oficiální, úředně schválený The country’s official language is Spanish. on strike adj /Qn "straIk/ stávkující, ve stávce Most of the teachers are now on strike. operations n /Qp@"reISnz/ provoz, podnik The company is involved in many overseas operations. organization n /O;g@naI"zeISn/ organizace I work for a very large international organization. out of work phrase /aUt @v "w3;k/ bez práce, nezaměstnaný I have been out of work for nearly a year now. outdoor adj /aUt"dO;/ venkovní, konaný venku I’m not really the outdoor type. outside prep /aUt"saId/ zvenku, mimo, vně něčeho That is outside my area of responsibility. part-time adv, adj /pA;t "taIm/ na částečný úvazek She is working part-time at the moment. / She works as a part-time shop assistant. paternity leave n /p@"t3;nIti li;v/ rodičovská otcovská dovolená Nowadays, most companies pay some paternity leave. pensioner n /"penS@n@/ důchodce/ důchodkyně She is a pensioner now. period n /"pI@rI@d/ období, doba, lhůta The factory will be closed for a 2-year period. phone call n /"f@Un kO;l/ telefonní hovor John, there’s a phone call for you. phone v /f@Un/ telefonovat, volat Can you phone him back? 43

plan n /pl&n/ plán What are your plans for the weekend? powered adj /"paU@d/ poháněný The factory is powered by green energy. prepare v /prI"pe@/ připravit, připravovat I have to prepare for the presentation. president n /"prezId@nt/ prezident/ prezidentka stojící v čele organizace Mrs Davis is the president of the bank. problem n /"prQbl@m/ problém What seems to be the problem? produce v /pr@"dju;s/ produkovat, zajišťovat výrobu; např. televizního programu She produced a TV series about crime. produce v /pr@"dju;s/ vyrábět, vyrobit The company produced 30,000 cars last year. product n /"prQdVkt/ výrobek We need to think of new products to sell. professional n /pr@"feS@n@l/ profesionál, odborník He is a professional. project n /"prQdZekt/ projekt The research project showed some interesting results. receive v /rI"si;v/ obdržet, přijmout He received an award for his good work. refrigerator n /rI"frIdZ@reIt@/ lednička, chladnička She took the milk out of the refrigerator. refuse v /rI"fju;z/ odmítnout The boy refused to help me. regional adj /"ri;dZ@n@l/ regionální, oblastní There are regional food differences in France. regular adj /"regj@l@/ pravidelný Regular exercise is good for you. relax v /rI"l&ks/ relaxovat, odpočívat I decided to stay at home and relax. research n /rI"s3;tS/ výzkum I have done some research to find out the best prices. retailer n /"ri;teIl@/ maloobchodník/ maloobchodnice They are one of the country’s largest food retailers. retired adj /rI"taI@d/ penzionovaný My father is retired. retirement n /rI"taI@m@nt/ důchod, odchod do důchodu It can be difficult to keep busy during your retirement. revenue n /"rev@nju;/ příjem, výnos The company’s annual revenues rose by 10%. 44

right now adv /raIt "naU/ právě teď Give that back right now! role n /r@Ul/ role, úloha, postavení What exactly is your role in this company? sales n /seIlz/ tržby Retail sales fell by 5% last year. salesman n /"seIlzm@n/ prodavač, obchodní zástupce He is a very good salesman. save v /seIv/ šetřit You should try and save some money every month. self-employed adj /self Im"plOId/ na volné noze, samostatně výdělečně činný He is currently self-employed. short answer n /"SO;t A;ns@/ krátká odpověď The short answer is ‘No!’ sick leave n /"sIk li;v/ nemocenská,

nepřítomnost v zaměstnání z důvodu nemoci He has been on sick leave for two weeks. social life n /"s@USl laIf/ společenský život She has a very busy social life. soon adv /su;n/ brzy See you soon! spell v /spel/ hláskovat slovo po písmenech, správně psát How do you spell your name? state n /steIt/ stav The goods were in a terrible state when they arrived at the shop. story n /"stO;ri/ příběh He told us the story of his life. strike n /straIk/ stávka There is going to be a strike at the airports next week. subsidiary n /sVb"sIdj@ri/ dceřiný podnik, pobočka firmy She is working for an overseas subsidiary of the company. successful adj /s@k"sesf@l/ úspěšný She is a very successful business person. suitable adj /"su;t@bl/ vhodný The programme is not suitable for young children. summer n /"sVm@/ léto The summer is too short in the UK. take v /teIk/ vzít si, např. dovolenou Have you taken all your holidays for this year? team n /ti;m/ tým, pracovní kolektiv I enjoy working in a team. these days adv /"Di;z deIz/ v dnešní době, v současnosti These days people have more money to spend. tour n /tU@, tO;/ prohlídka, exkurze, okružní cesta/jízda We went on a tour of Ireland.

turnover n /"t3;n@Uv@/ finanční obrat The company turnover for last year was the best ever. underground n /"Vnd@graUnd/ metro The underground in London is very convenient. vacuum cleaner n /"v&kju;m kli;n@/ vysavač Our vacuum cleaner is broken. wartime adj /"wO;taIm/ válečný Fruit was a luxury in wartime Britain. washing machine n /"wQSIN m@Si;n/ pračka How long have you had your washing machine? welcome v /"welk@m/ uvítat, přivítat Matt welcomed us with a big smile. well-known adj /wel "n@Un/ známý, dobře známý, slavný He is a well-known singer. winter n /"wInt@/ zima This winter is much colder than last winter. working conditions n /wO;kIN k@n"dISnz/ pracovní podmínky The working conditions in some countries are very bad. working hours n /wO;kIN "aU@z/ pracovní doba Your working hours will be 9-5. worldwide adj /wO;ld"waId/ na celém světě The company employs 1,000 people worldwide.

Unit 3 achievement n /@"tSi;vm@nt/ úspěch, úspěšný čin, dosažení It was a remarkable achievement. adventurous adj /@d"ventS@r@s/ dobrodružný There is plenty to do for the more adventurous tourists. aeroplane n /"e@r@pleIn/ letadlo I have never seen such an enormous aeroplane. again adv /@"gen/ znovu, zase, opět Could you say it again, please? airline n /"e@laIn/ aerolinie, letecká společnost It is a very famous airline. alone adj /"@l@Un/ sám, samotný I don’t like going out alone at night. amazing adj /@"meIzIN/ úžasný, ohromující It was the most amazing film I have ever seen. amount n /@"maUnt/ množství You will receive a bill for the full amount. amphitheatre n /"&mfiTI@t@/ amfiteátr The amphitheatre has a view over the sea. archaeologist n /A;ki"Ql@dZIst/ archeolog/

archeoložka As an archaeologist he travels the world. archaeology n /A;ki"Ql@dZi/ archeologie She is a professor of archaeology at Oxford University. arena n /@"ri;n@/ aréna The concert arena was full. at sea idiom /&t "si;, @t "si;/ na moři, na lodi He is at sea for 6 months of the year. attack n /@"t&k/ záchvat, náhlá nemoc/ nevolnost Brazil began to attack in the second half of the match. attraction n /@"tr&kSn/ zajímavost, atrakce; např. turistická atrakce London has many tourist attractions. average adj /"&vrIdZ/ průměrný The average age of the students is 21. band n /b&nd/ hudební skupina I have never heard of this band. be born v /bi; "bO;n/ narodit se I was born in Cardiff. bill n /bIl/ účet, stvrzenka, potvrzení dlužné částky Excuse me. Could we have the bill, please? biome n /"baI@Um/ biom There are two basic aquatic biomes, freshwater and marine. boarding school n /"bO;dIN sku;l/ internátní škola He went to one of the most famous boarding schools in the UK. book n /bUk/ zamluvit, rezervovat He booked a table at the restaurant for 8.00 p.m. breathe v /bri;D/ dýchat I can’t breathe very well in this. building n /"bIldIN/ budova, stavba It is a very old building. business affairs n /"bIzn@s @fe@z/ obchodní záležitosti Mr Evans is currently organizing his business affairs before he goes away. cards n /kA;ds/ karty, např. hrací karty Let’s play cards! carefully adv /"ke@f@li/ opatrně, pečlivě, pozorně She opened the present carefully. carry on v /k&ri "Qn/ pokračovat Don’t stop! Carry on! celebrate v /"selIbreIt/ slavit, oslavit, oslavovat How do you celebrate Christmas in your country? challenge n /"tS&lIndZ/ výzva The new job 45

will be a considerable challenge. challenging adj /"tS&lIndZIN/ náročný, představující výzvu Teaching is a challenging but rewarding career. charity n /"tS&r@ti/ charita She works for a charity. chart n /tSA;t/ graf, schéma Please look at this chart. chess n /tSes/ šachy Do you know how to play chess? childhood n /"tSaIldhUd/ dětství I had a wonderful childhood. choice n /tSOIs/ výběr, volba You have a choice. Which one would you like? cinema n /"sIn@mA;/ kino I’ll meet you outside the cinema at 7pm. climate n /"klaIm@t/ podnebí, klima The climate in India is very humid. commission n /k@"mISn/ poplatek, provize The commission on that money is about 2%. company n /"kVmp@ni/ společnost, dělat někomu společnost I enjoy her company. complain v /k@m"pleIn/ stěžovat si If you are not happy, you should complain. computer game n /k@m"pju;t@ geIm/ počítačová hra Some of the computer games that are available are too violent. concert n /"kQns@t/ koncert There is a concert at the church tonight. conditions n /k@n"dISnz/ podmínky Conditions are ideal for skiing. construction n /k@n"strVkSn/ stavba, výstavba, proces stavby; např. budovy The construction industry is doing well at the moment. continue v /k@n"tInju;/ pokračovat The bad weather will continue for a few more days. cost v /kQst/ stát (o ceně), mít cenu How much does it cost? create v /kri"eIt/ tvořit, vytvořit The government plans to create more jobs. cycling n /"saIklIN/ cyklistika He tries to go cycling at least once a week. damage v /"d&mIdZ/ poškodit Be careful not to damage the car! dangerous adj /"deIndZ@r@s/ nebezpečný Drugs are dangerous. dark n /dA;k/ tma, temno I’m afraid of the dark. 46

delay n /dI"leI/ zpoždění The delay lasted for 2 hours. depend v /dI"pend/ záležet, záviset na čem He is the sort of person you can always depend on. desert n /"dez@t/ poušť This area of the country is mostly desert. difference n /"dIfr@ns/ rozdíl, odlišnost The difference between them is that Clare works harder. difficult adj /"dIfIk@lt/ obtížný, těžký, složitý It was a very difficult decision. directions n /daI"rekS@nz/ pokyny; pokyny, kam jít (udávající směr) Could you give me directions to the nearest petrol station? disabled adj /dIs"eIb@ld/ invalidní Does the theatre have facilities for disabled people? discover v /dIs"kVv@/ objevit At the end of the book, you discover who killed him. during prep /"dZU@rIN/ během They were very popular during the 1990s. early adj /"3;li/ brzy The early morning is when I work best. earn v /3;n/ vydělávat, vydělat Do you know how much lawyers earn? electric adj /I"lektrIk/ elektrický People may start to use electric cars. excellent adj /"eks@l@nt/ vynikající, skvělý He’s an excellent piano player. excited adj /Ik"saItId/ vzrušený, rozrušený Emma was so excited that she couldn’t sleep. exercise n /"eks@saIz/ cvičení, tělesná aktivita Most people need to do more weekly exercise. experience n /Ik"spI@rI@ns/ zážitek, zkušenost; událost, která nás nějak ovlivňuje Mike had a bad experience while on holiday. experience n /Ik"spI@rI@ns/ zkušenost,

zkušenosti; proces získávání vědomostí/ dovedností The new manager has a lot of experience. fear n /fI@/ strach, obava I have a fear of flying. feeling n /"fi;lIN/ pocit, cit He finds it difficult to show his feelings. flight n /flaIt/ let It was a very quick flight. football n /"fUtbO;l/ fotbal Football is an international sport. fortunately adv /"fO;tj@n@tli/ bohudík,

naštěstí Fortunately, the car wasn’t badly damaged in the accident. frightening adj /"fraItnIN/ hrozivý, hrůzu nahánějící It’s a very frightening film. fuel n /fjU@l/ palivo, pohonná látka Domestic fuel bills have gone up again this year. get to know v /get t@ "n@U/ poznat, dozvědět se It took me a long time to get to know him as well as I do now. giant adj /"dZaI@nt/ velký, obrovský, velký Leaving home was a giant step. glad adj /gl&d/ rád, potěšený I’m glad to hear you’re feeling better. go it alone idiom /g@u It @"l@Un/ udělat něco He decided to go it alone and start his own business. grant n /grA;nt/ grant, peněžní příspěvek He has been given a grant by the government. grapevine n /"greIpvaIn/ vinná réva The terrace was covered in grapevines. greenhouse n /"gri;nhaUs/ skleník Tomatoes grow much better in a greenhouse. ground n /graUnd/ země, půda, pevný povrch země The ground was frozen this morning. grove n /gr@Uv/ lesík, hájek She had a small olive grove on her land. grow up v /gr@U "Vp/ růst, vyrůst Children grow up too quickly these days. hate v /heIt/ nenávidět, nesnášet I hate poetry – it’s so boring! heroine n /"her@UIn/ hrdinka The heroine is played by a famous actress. hit n /hIt/ hit, něco populárního The new product was a hit with children. hobby n /"hQbi/ hobby, koníček I need to find a new hobby. hole n /h@Ul/ díra, otvor There is a hole in your jumper. host n /h@Ust/ hostitel Let me introduce you to our host, Mr Cribb. huge adj /"hju;dZ/ obrovský, ohromný He is a huge star. human n /hju;m@n/ člověk Dogs can hear much better than humans. humid adj /"hju;mId/ vlhký It’s very humid today. hurricane n /"hVrIkeIn/ hurikán How many

people have been killed by the hurricane? impression n /Im"preSn/ dojem, pocit z čeho My first impression was very positive. in general idiom /In "dZenr@l/ obecně, všeobecně In general, Japanese cars are very reliable. in tears idiom /In "tI@z/ v slzách, plakat The ending of the film had me in tears. incredible adj /In"kredIbl/ neuvěřitelný, úžasný She is an incredible person. instead adv /In"sted/ místo, namísto čeho She was ill so I went instead. interested adj /"IntrestId/ mající zájem Martin is very interested in art. January n /"dZ&njU@ri/ leden January is the first month of the year. jogging n /"dZQgIN/ jogging I go jogging every morning. judo n /"dZu;d@U/ džudo Bill has taken up judo. kilometre n /"kIl@mi;t@, kI"lQmIt@/ kilometr How many kilometres is it to London from here? later on adv /leIt@ "Qn/ později I saw him again later on. leave v /li;v/ odejít, odjet We left the party at midnight. lemon n /"lem@n/ citrón Have you tried lemon and hot water in the morning? light n /laIt/ světlo, zdroj světla, např. lampa Can you switch off the light, please? loneliness n /"l@Unli;n@s/ osamělost That was a period of loneliness in his life. love v /lVv/ milovat, mít rád I love chocolate. March n /mA;tS/ březen The weather usually starts to get warmer in March. May n /meI/ květen We normally go on holiday in May. medicine n /"meds@n/ lék What medicine are you taking for this? Mediterranean n /medIt@"reInI@n/ Středozemní moře, Středozemí Cyprus is an island in the Mediterranean. merchant n /"m3;tS@nt/ obchodník/ obchodnice Venice was once a city of rich merchants. millennium n /mI"lenI@m/ tisíciletí, milénium How did you celebrate the millennium? moment n /"m@Um@nt/ okamžik, 47

moment Can you wait a moment, please? music n /"mju;zIk/ hudba The music they played in the church was beautiful. musical adj /"mju;zIkl/ hudební She is a very musical person. musical instrument n /mju;zIkl "Instr@m@nt/ hudební nástroj Can you play any musical instruments? musician n /mju;"zISn/ hudebník/hudebnice He is a very talented musician. navigation light n /n&vI"geISn laIt/ polohové světlo určující polohu lodi nebo letadla The navigation lights helped the ship reach the port safely. newspaper n /"nju;speIp@/ noviny Which newspapers do you read? night n /naIt/ noc These animals only come out at night. nightclub n /"naItklVb/ noční klub The nightclub opens at 10.00 p.m. November n /n@U"vemb@/ listopad I like November as it is almost Christmas. ocean n /"@USn/ oceán Which is the largest ocean? Oceania n /@USi"A;nI@/ Oceánie Oceania is a geographical region. October n /Qk"t@Ub@/ říjen October is the tenth month of the year. oil n /OIl/ nafta, olej Olive oil is much healthier for you. olive n /"QlIv/ oliva I love olives on my pizza. opening n /"@Up@nIN/ otevření, zahájení, slavnostní otevření; např. nové budovy The Prime Minister is doing the opening of the new hospital. orange n /"QrIndZ/ pomeranč Oranges are one of Spain’s biggest exports. packaged adj /"p&kIdZd/ zabalený, v obalu Nowadays, our food is too packaged. panic n /"p&nIk/ panika, zděšení The alarm caused panic. particular adj /p@"tIkj@l@/ konkrétní, jednotlivý If a particular food makes you ill, avoid it. petrol n /"petr@l/ benzín I need some petrol. plant v /plA;nt/ zasadit, zasázet When should you plant these flowers? play v /pleI/ hrát, účastnit se sportovní hry 48

Which sports do you play? politics n /"pQl@tIks/ politika Politics must be an interesting subject to study. profession n /pr@"feSn/ povolání, profese She was at the top of her profession. programme n /"pr@Ugr&m/ program, plán akcí We have a busy programme for you. progress n /"pr@Ugres/ postup, pokrok, vývoj She is making great progress. proper adj /"prQp@/ pořádný, řádný,

náležitý; takový, jak má být, např. ‘pořádné jídlo’ We should have a proper discussion before we make our decision. pub n /pVb/ hospoda Where’s the nearest pub? purpose n /"p3;p@s/ účel, cíl The purpose of this meeting is to decide what we should do. race n /reIs/ závod; soutěž, kdo je rychlejší He won the race easily. radio n /"reIdI@U/ rádio Can you turn the radio up? rainforest n /"reInfQrIst/ deštný les The rainforest must be protected. raise v /reIz/ vybírat, vybrat peníze How much money did the charity concert raise? reality n /ri"&l@ti/ realita, skutečnost The reality is that there is not enough money. reason n /"ri;zn/ důvod I’d like to know the reason why you’re so late. recent adj /ri;snt/ nedávný, poslední There have been many changes in recent years. reception n /rI"sepSn/ recepce; místo v

hotelu/kancelářské budově, kde se vítají klienti Where is the reception? receptionist n /rI"sepSnIst/ recepční She is working as a receptionist in the new hotel. remember v /rI"memb@/ pamatovat si, vzpomínat si Remember to post this letter! repair n /rI"pe@/ oprava The school building is badly in need of repair. rest v /rest/ odpočívat She lay down on her bed to rest. right here idiom /raIt "hI@/ tady, zde, právě tady Put it down right here! rock n /rQk/ rock (hudební žánr) Rock music is too loud. roofless adj /"ru;fl@s/ nezastřešený, otevřený The building was roofless as they

had run out of money. row v /r@U/ veslovat, pohánět loď pomocí vesel Have you ever rowed a boat? rower n /"r@U@/ veslař/veslařka He became a rower while he was at university. run out v /rVn "aUt/ spotřebovat, vypotřebovat I’m sorry, we’ve run out of milk. safety n /"seIfti/ bezpečnost The police are concerned for the safety of the boy. satellite phone n /s&t@laIt "f@un/ satelitní telefon We were able to keep in touch by satellite phone. section n /"sekSn/ sekce, oddělení This section of the museum is closed to visitors. shark n /SA;k/ žralok The shark bit the man’s leg off. sharp adj /SA;p/ ostrý My pencil isn’t sharp enough. ship n /SIp/ loď The goods come by ship. similarity n /SImI"l&r@ti/ podobnost, podoba There are some similarities between them. solo adj /"s@Ul@U/ sólový, samostatný, vykonaný jednotlivcem He made a solo attempt to cross the Atlantic. squash n /skwQS/ squash Squash is a very hard game. storm n /stO;m/ bouře, bouřka The storm left as quickly as it arrived. study v /"stVdi/ studovat You have to study hard if you want to be a doctor. subject n /"sVbdZekt/ předmět ve škole apod. How many subjects do you study at high school in your country? success n /s@k"ses/ úspěch His success was due to his hard work. sudden adj /"sVd@n/ náhlý Her sudden disappearance was unexpected. suggestion n /s@"dZestZ@n/ návrh Have you got any suggestions? supertanker n /"su;p@t&Nk@/ obří tanková loď Oil is often transported by supertanker. survive v /s@"vaIv/ přežít He had to eat anything he could in order to survive. table tennis n /"teIbl tenIs/ stolní tenis The Chinese are very good at table tennis. take a seat idiom /teIk @ "si;t/ posadit se, sednout si Take a seat Mr Wallis. Now, how

can I help you? take turns idiom /teIk "t3;nz/ střídat se The rules of the game say that we have to take turns at throwing the dice. tanker n /"t&Nk@/ tanker, cisternová loď The oil tanker arrived at the port safely. temperate adj /"tempr@t/ mírný A temperate climate has four seasons. terrible adj /"ter@bl/ hrozný, příšerný Something terrible has just happened! the following idiom /D@ "fQl@UIN/ následující We arrived the following day. theatrical adj /Ti;"&trIkl/ divadelní, teatrální He can sometimes be very theatrical. thousand n /"TaUZ@nd/ tisíc The ring cost a thousand euros. thunderstorm n /"TVnd@stO;m/ bouře, hromobití The picnic was cancelled due to the thunderstorm. tired adj /"taI@d/ unavený She was so tired that she went to bed at 9.00 p.m. tooth n /tu;T/ zub She has lost one of her front teeth. topic n /"tQpIk/ téma What’s the topic of today’s discussion? torch n /tO;tS/ baterka, kapesní svítilna Luckily, they had a torch in the car. traffic n /"tr&fIk/ provoz, dopravní ruch The traffic in London is getting worse. train v /treIn/ trénovat, cvičit You have to train very hard if you want to be an athlete. transport v /"tr&nspO;t/ doprava, přeprava Most of our luggage was transported by sea. trip n /trIp/ výlet, cesta The trip to France was a success. tropic n /"trQpIk/ obratník The tropics are the hottest part of the world. tropical adj /"trQpIkl/ tropický A tropical climate is usually warm and moist all year round. Turkey n /"t3;ki/ Turecko Turkey is considered to be part of Asia and Europe. turn over v /t3;n "@Uv@/ mít obrat The company turns over $3.5 million a year. unhappiness n /Vn"h&pin@s/ neštěstí, smutek, zármutek His unhappiness showed on his face. university n /ju;nI"v3;sIti/ univerzita The university is one of the best in the country. 49

video n /"vIdi@U/ video They watched the video. violent adj /"vaI@l@nt/ násilný, bouřlivý Some TV programmes are too violent for young children to watch. vision n /"vIZn/ vize (v představách) He had a vision of a world without war. volleyball n /"vQli;bO;l/ volejbal Volleyball is a very popular beach sport. wake v /weIk/ vzbudit se, probudit se What time did you wake up this morning? waterfall n /"wO;t@fO;l/ vodopád It is one of the largest waterfalls in the world. wave n /weIv/ vlna vody We jumped over the waves. weather n /"weD@/ počasí What wonderful weather we’re having at the moment! weight training n /"weIt treInIN/ posilování Weight training can help to build up your muscles. wind n /wInd/ vítr The wind woke me up last night. windsurfing n /"wInds3;fIN/ windsurfing My brother loves windsurfing. winery n /"waIn@ri/ výrobna vína A winery is a place where wine is made. without prep /wI"DaUt/ bez I don’t like coffee without sugar. wonder n /"wVnd@/ div, zázrak; věc/osoba, která vzbuzuje pocit údivu It is one of the wonders of the world. wonderful adj /"wVnd@f@l/ skvělý, báječný, úžasný She is a wonderful cook. work of art n /wO;k @v "A;t/ umělecké dílo His creation was a work of art. worker n /"wO;k@/ pracovník/pracovnice, pracující The workers were unhappy with their conditions. yacht n /jQt/ jachta Every year he sailed his yacht to France. yoga n /"j@Ug@/ jóga Yoga is very good for relaxing.

accommodation n /@kQm@"deISn/ ubytování The accommodation was excellent. air-conditioning n /"e@ k@n"dISnIN/ klimatizace The air-conditioning has broken down again. apologize v /@"pQl@dZaIz/ omluvit se I apologize for causing any problems. apology n /@"pQl@dZi/ omluva I accept your apology. architect n /"A;kItekt/ architekt/architektka The architect won an award. artist n /"A;tIst/ umělec/umělkyně He is a well known artist. astronomical adj /&str@"nQmIkl/ astronomický The scientists did some astronomical observations. attach v /@"t&tS/ připojit My payment is attached to this letter. attachment n /@"t&tSm@nt/ příloha, dokument poslaný e-mailem I have included some photos as an attachment. August n /"O;g@st/ srpen It’s my birthday in August. away adv /@"weI/ pryč The station is a few minutes’ walk away. ballet n /"b&leI/ balet We’re going to see the ballet on Saturday. baroque adj /b@"rQk/ barokní That style of architecture could be described as baroque. bath n /bA;T/ vana, koupel I only have a bath if I’m feeling ill. beer n /bI@/ pivo Would you like another beer? hall n /hO;l/ hala The hall was very big. beginning n /bI"gInIN/ začátek Tell me the story from the beginning. bell n /bel/ zvonek The bell rang for the wedding. best regards idiom /best rI"gA;dz/ s pozdravem Give your brother my best regards when you see him. best wishes idiom /best "wISIz/ s přáním všeho nejlepšího You can finish that letter with ‘Best wishes’. body language n /"bQdi l&NgwIdZ/ řeč těla, gesta, pohyby atd. Her body language Unit 4 told me that she was cold. abbreviation n /@bri;vi"eISn/ zkratka I don’t booking n /"bUkIN/ objednání, rezervace understand that abbreviation. The booking was made for 8.00 p.m. accept v /@k"sept/ přijmout, přijímat I can’t brasserie n /"brA;s@ri/ francouzská accept your offer. restaurace Have you been to the new brasserie? 50

break n /breIk/ pauza, přestávka How long do we have for a break? break v /breIk/ zlomit, rozbít; např. ‘rozbít sklenici’ I’m terribly sorry, but I’ve broken one of your glasses! brewery n /"bru;@ri/ pivovar You can smell the brewery. bridge n /brIdZ/ most The bridge connects the two sides of the river. briefing n /"bri;fIN/ krátká porada Please make sure that you can come to the briefing tomorrow morning. brochure n /"br@US@/ leták, brožura We ordered a holiday brochure. business centre n /"bIzn@s sent@/ obchodní centrum They’ve built a new business centre. café n /"k&feI/ kavárna I’ll meet you in the café. car park n /"kA; pA;k/ parkoviště Do you know where the nearest car park is? castle n /"kA;sl/ hrad, zámek The castle was completely restored. cathedral n /k@"Ti;dr@l/ katedrála The cathedral is in the centre of the city. century n /"sentZ@ri/ století The population is expected to increase dramatically by the end of this century. check in v /tSek "In/ ubytovat se, zaregistrovat se, zapsat se v hotelu po příjezdu Please make sure you check in two hours before departure. check out v /tSek "aUt/ odhlásit se z hotelu při odjezdu You have to check out of your room at 10.00 a.m. church n /tS3;tS/ kostel We normally go to church on Sunday morning. city-break n /"sIti; breIk/ krátká dovolená ve městě We’re going on a city-break to Rome. classical adj /"kl&sIkl/ klasický (architektura apod.), vážný (o hudbě) He plays classical music. clear adj /klI@/ jasný, jednoduchý na pochopení Your ideas are clear and easy to understand. clock tower n /"klQk taU@/ věž s hodinami The clock tower was destroyed by the storm. closely adv /"kl@Usli/ blízko, těsně, podrobně I sat and watched everyone very closely. cocktail bar n /"kQkteIl bA;/ koktejlový bar We must go to that new cocktail bar. come to life idiom /kVm t@ laIf/ oživnout,

ožít, probudit se k životu The film came to life towards the end. computer/fax point n /k@m"pju;t@/ místo s počítačem/faxem We need to get a separate computer / fax point in the office. conclusion n /k@n"klu;Zn/ závěr After listening to him, I came to the conclusion that he was telling the truth. conference facilities n /"kQnfr@ns f@sIl@ti;z/ konferenční vybavení The hotel has excellent conference facilities. confirm v /k@n"f3;m/ potvrdit When will you be able to confirm your availability? congratulations interj /k@ngr&tZu"leISnz/ gratuluji!, blahopřeji! Congratulations on your new job! connection n /k@"nekSn/ spojení, elektronické spojení A faulty connection stopped the computer from working. consulate n /"kQnsjul@t/ konzulát Please go to your country’s consulate if you have any problems. consultation n /kQns@l"teISn/ konzultace, porada I went to the hospital for a consultation. copy n /"kQpi/ kopie, výtisk I will make you a copy of the report. correspondence n /kQrI"spQnd@ns/ korespondence I have been in correspondence with him for months. credit card n /"kredIt kA;d/ kreditní karta Do you accept credit cards? cross-cultural adj /"krQs kVltS@r@l/ mezikulturní The university did some cross-cultural studies. cultural awareness n /kVltS@r@l @"we@n@s/ kulturní povědomí, uvědomování si rozdílů mezi kulturami In today’s world, cultural awareness is very important. culture n /kVltS@/ kultura, zvyky určité skupiny There are many differences between the two cultures. culture shock n /"kVltS@ SQk/ kulturní šok When I moved abroad, I suffered from culture shock. delighted adj /dI"laItId/ potěšený, mající radost I’m delighted to meet you. demonstrate v /"dem@nstreIt/ demonstrovat 51

You need to demonstrate that you are the right person for the job. dentist n /"dentIst/ zubař/zubařka I’ve got a toothache! I must see the dentist. destination n /destI"neISn/ cíl, místo určení What’s the final destination of this train? detailed adj /"di;teIld/ podrobný I’ll send you more detailed information. details n /"di;teIlz/ detaily, podrobnosti I don’t know all the details at this moment. dial v /daIl/ vytočit telefonní číslo What code do you dial for the UK? district n /"dIstrIkt/ oblast He lived in one of the best districts in Paris. disturb v /dIs"t3;b/ rušit, vyrušit Please do not disturb! double room n /dVbl "ru;m/ dvoulůžkový pokoj s manželskou postelí We’d like a double room, please. duration n /djO;"reISn/ doba trvání, délka You should wear a seat belt for the duration of the flight. elevator n /"elIveIt@/ výtah Take the elevator to the top floor. embassy n /"emb@si/ velvyslanectví, ambasáda The embassy is open from 9-5. enclose v /In"kl@UZ/ přiložit, dát něco do obálky spolu s dopisem I have enclosed the information you requested. ending n /"endIN/ konec, zakončení The ending was poor. exit n /"eksIt/ východ, odchod The exit is over there. expensive adj /Ik"spensIv/ drahý I couldn’t believe how expensive the restaurant was! explain v /Ik"spleIn/ vysvětlovat, vysvětlit Can you explain exactly what you mean? explore v /Ik"splO;/ zkoumat, prozkoumat We need to explore this matter further. extensive adj /Ik"stensIv/ rozsáhlý The police did an extensive search of the area. facility n /f@"sIl@ti/ zařízení, vybavení, poskytované služby The hotel has excellent facilities for children. famous adj /"feIm@s/ slavný He is a famous football player. fax n, v /f&ks/ fax; přenášet faxem I can’t 52

find that fax. / Can you fax it to me, please? figure n /"fIg@/ postava There was a bronze figure of him. file n /faIl/ počítačový soubor Oh no! I’ve lost all my files! find out v /faInd "aUt/ zjistit Can you find out her email address, please? fire n /"faI@/ oheň The fire destroyed the house. fitness room n /"fItn@s ru;m/ posilovna The fitness room was recently refitted. fixed adj /fIkst/ dohodnutý, sjednaný, již dohodnutý nebo rozhodnutý I’m sorry, but it’s too late! The date has already been fixed. following prep /"fQl@UIN/ po; následující jako výsledek čeho Following your advice, I went to see it for myself. found v /faUnd/ založit, zřídit The school was founded by Dr Skinner in 1892. Friday n /"fraIdeI/ pátek Friday is my favourite day of the week. full-board n /fUl "bO;d/ plná penze, ubytování s noclehem a všemi jídly Do you require full-board? fully adv /"fUli/ plně, úplně He is not fully aware of the situation. get back v /get "b&k/ vrátit se, získat zpět Can you get back to me as soon as possible, please? get in touch v /get In "tVtS/ navázat kontakt, spojit se I’ll get in touch as soon as I can. glass n /glA;s/ sklenice The glass broke in her hands. golden adj /"g@Uld@n/ zlatý She had golden hair. gothic adj /"gQTIk/ gotický I would describe the building as gothic. great adj /greIt/ skvělý, výborný That was great! ground floor n /graUnd "flO;/ přízemí She lives on the ground floor. hairdryer n /"he@draI@/ vysoušeč vlasů Have you got a hairdryer I can borrow? half-board n /hA;f "bO;d/ polopenze;

ubytování s noclehem, snídaní a jedním hlavním jídlem You can just choose halfboard, if you prefer. handout n /"h&ndaUt/ papír s podklady k

přednášce apod., informační materiál, leták s

informacemi We will distribute a handout at the end of the presentation. historical adj /hIs"tQrIkl/ historický You need to understand the historical background to the war. identify v /aI"dentIfaI/ poznat, rozeznat, identifikovat The passengers were asked to identify their suitcases. illuminate v /I"lu;mIneIt/ osvětlit, nasvítit, posvítit na co The floodlights illuminated the stadium. in case of idiom /In keIs @v/ v případě, pro případ pokud se něco stane In case of fire, ring the alarm. individually adv /IndI"vIdjU@li/ individuálně, samostatně The manager spoke to them all individually. informal adj /In"fO;m@l/ neformální The atmosphere was very informal. in-house adj /In "haUs/ domácí, podnikový She writes for the in-house magazine. intention n /In"tenSn/ úmysl, záměr My intention was to go to university. intercultural adj /Int@"kVltS@r@l/ mezikulturní She had an intercultural marriage. invitation n /InvI"teISn/ pozvání, pozvánka The birthday invitations were sent out two weeks before the party. jazz n /dZ&z/ jazz I prefer jazz to classical journal n /"dZ3;n@l/ odborný časopis I get that journal monthly. keycard n /"ki;kA;d/ karta elektronického uzamykacího systému Most hotels use keycards nowadays. landmark n /"l&ndmA;k/ pamětihodnost The Empire State Building is a familiar landmark in New York. lane n /leIn/ ulička, úzká ulice We live at the end of the lane. letter n /"let@/ dopis When was the last time that you wrote a letter? lift n /lIft/ výtah The lift is out of order at the moment. local n /"l@Ukl/ místní člověk/občan/osoba žijící v určitém místě The locals are very friendly. lounge n /laUndZ/ hala, společenská místnost We’ve just had our lounge redecorated.

luggage n /"lVgIdZ/ zavazadla How many pieces of luggage do you have? market n /"mA;kIt/ trh, např. ‘světový trh’ The market has been slow recently. mechanical adj /m@"k&nIkl/ strojní, mechanický The plane is unable to take off due to a mechanical fault. minibar n /"mIni;bA;/ minibar Would you like a drink from the minibar? mistake n /mI"steIk/ chyba You have made two spelling mistakes in that document. mobile phone n /m@UbaIl "f@Un/ mobilní telefon What’s your mobile phone number? monastery n /"mQn@stri/ klášter We visited the monastery at the top of the mountain. Monday n /"mVndeI/ pondělí The traffic is always worse on Monday. multi-line phone n /mVltilaIn "f@Un/ telefon s více linkami If you work from home it is often better to have a multi-line phone system. near future idiom /nI@ "fju;tS@/ blízká budoucnost I hope to see you again in the near future. news n /nju;z/ zprávy, pravidelně vysílané zpravodajství The news reported that 11 people had died in the fighting. nightlife n /naItlaIf/ noční život The nightlife in London is fantastic. noon n /nu;n/ poledne We should be there by noon. notice n /"n@UtIs/ oznámení, zpráva The notice says that everyone needs to wear a helmet. observation tower n /Qbz@"veISn taU@/ vyhlídková věž, pozorovatelna You could see a long way from the top of the observation tower. on prep /Qn/ u, při, přilehlý; např. ‘terasy u řeky’ He lived in a small house on the river. on foot idiom /Qn "fUt/ pěšky It’s only about 30 minutes on foot. online adj /"QnlaIn/ online How often do you do online shopping? opera n /"Qpr@/ opera I have never seen an opera. outside line n /aUtsaId "laIn/ přímá linka pro volání mimo budovu How do you get an outside line? palace n /"p&lIs/ palác The palace was the 53

žádat, prosit, poprosit Can I make a request? / We request that you do not smoke. requirement n /rI"kwaI@m@nt/ požadavek It is a requirement of the restaurant that you wear a tie. reservation n /rez@"veISn/ rezervace Can you make the reservation for 7.00 p.m.? reserve v /rI"z3;v/ rezervovat, zamluvit I’d like to reserve two tickets. vedoucí osobního oddělení, personalista/ role-play v /"r@UlpleI/ hrát roli, např. osoby personalistka She has just become a personnel v dialogu Role-play allows students to practise manager. language. photocopy n, v /"f@Ut@UkQpi/ fotokopie; romantic adj /r@U"m&ntIk/ romantický It udělat fotokopii, okopírovat Here is that is a very romantic film. photocopy you asked for. / Can you photocopy room service n /"ru;m s3;vIs/ pokojová this for me, please? služba Let’s order something to eat from room play n /pleI/ hra, divadelní hra, drama Have service. you seen his latest play? safe n /seIf/ sejf We should put our play v /pleI/ hrát Do you know how to play passports in the hotel safe. badminton? sales figures n /"seIlz fIg@z/ prodejní pleasure n /"pleZ@/ potěšení, radost She obrat The sales figures are up on last year. took pleasure in telling them the good news. satellite TV n /s&t@laIt ti;"vi;/ satelitní TV political adj /p@"lItIkl/ politický I think that You get much clearer pictures with satellite TV. there is a political agenda behind all this. Saturday n /"s&t@deI/ sobota I’m going to porter n /"pO;t@/ vrátný/vrátná, portýr The wake up very late on Saturday. porter carried their bags to their room. sauna n /"sO;n@/ sauna A sauna is very good practical adj /"pr&ktIkl/ praktický, účelný for your body. He gained valuable practical experience. second floor n /sek@nd "flO;/ druhé patro GB, press v /pres/ stisknout, stlačit You press první patro US His flat is on the second floor. the button to switch it on. secretary n /"sekr@tri/ tajemník/sekretářka provide v /pr@"vaId/ poskytnout, Her secretary speaks four languages. poskytovat Can you provide any references? self-access adj /self "&kses/ samoobslužný, quarter n /kwO;t@/ čtvrť, část města The se samostatným přístupem; např. knihovna church is in the old quarter. Self-access allows students to work at their own receipt n /rI"si;t/ stvrzenka, potvrzení Have speed. you still got the receipt? seminar n /"semInA;/ seminář Did you go to refreshments n /rI"freSm@nts/ občerstvení, Dr Hawari’s seminar? malé jídlo a nápoj Refreshments will be September n /sep"temb@/ září We’re going available during the break. away for two weeks in September. registration n /redZI"streISn/ registrace session n /"seSn/ zasedání, konference The Registration will start at 9.00 a.m. session lasted one hour. renaissance n /rI"neIsQns/ renesance The show v /S@U/ ukázat Come into my office British film industry is enjoying a renaissance and I’ll show you. at the moment. shower n /SaU@/ sprcha Your shower is very republic n /rI"pVblIk/ republika A republic powerful. doesn’t have a King or Queen. sign n /saIn/ znak, značka, symbol request n, v /rI"kwest/ žádost, prosba; Someone has taken down the sign.

most magnificent building I had ever seen. participant n /pA;"tIsIp@nt/ účastník/ účastnice She was an excellent participant. partner n /"pA;tn@/ společník/společnice, partner/ partnerka, obchodní partner We’ve got a new partner. PC n /pi; "si;/ PC, osobní počítač What type of PC have you got? personnel manager n /p3;s@"nel m&nIdZ@/

54

sign v /saIn/ podepsat Can you sign here, please? single room n /sINgl "ru;m/ jednolůžkový pokoj Do you have a single room for two nights? speciality n /speSi"&l@ti/ specialita, výrobek/pokrm typický pro dané místo It is a speciality of the region. spire n /"spaI@/ špička kostelní věže The spire is one of the highest in the country. sports centre n /"spO;ts sent@/ sportovní centrum They are building a new sports centre outside the village. stay n /steI/ pobyt They enjoyed their stay. suggest v /s@"dZest/ navrhnout What would you suggest? summary n /"sVm@ri/ shrnutí, přehled He gave an excellent summary at the end of his talk. Sunday n /"sVndeI/ neděle Many shops are open on a Sunday. superb adj /su;"p3;b/ skvělý, vynikající She is a superb singer. swimming pool n /"swImIN pU@l/ bazén The gym has a wonderful swimming pool. symbol n /sImbl/ symbol It is a symbol of peace. take up v /teIk "Vp/ zabývat se čím, věnovat

se čemu, učit se nebo věnovat se nějaké činnosti I would like to take up sailing. terrace n /"terIs/ terasa The terrace overlooks the gardens. town hall n /taUn "hO;l/ radnice The town hall is opposite the library. traditional adj /tr@"dISn@l/ tradiční He is quite a traditional person. training materials n /"treInIN m@tI@rI@lz/ školicí materiály The training materials for the course were excellent. training n /"treInIN/ školení Few people have received any training. try v /traI/ zkoušet, pokoušet se, zkusit You should try it. twin room n /twIn "ru;m/ dvoulůžkový pokoj s oddělenými postelemi I’d like a twin room, if possible. twin-bedded room n /twin bedId "ru;m/

dvoulůžkový pokoj s oddělenými postelemi Do you have any twin-bedded rooms? unfortunately adv /Vn"fO;tS@n@tli/ bohužel,

naneštěstí Unfortunately, he didn’t pass his test. vacate v /veI"keIt/ uvolnit, opustit, vyklidit We need to vacate the room by midday. valuable n /"v&lU@bl/ hodnotný, cenný; např. šperky You should put any valuables in the safe. view n /vju;/ výhled The view from the hotel was magnificent. vital adj /"vaItl/ nezbytný, důležitý It is vital that you contact her as soon as possible. wake-up call n /"weIk Vp kO;l/ buzení telefonem We’d like a wake-up call for 6.00 a.m., please. walking tour n /"wO;kIN tO;/ pěší procházení památek There are many different walking tours of London that you can do. wide adj /waId/ široký There is a wide variety of trips available when you get there. wine cellar n /"waIn sel@/ vinný sklep, sklípek He has a very large wine cellar. winner n /"wIn@/ vítěz/vítězka, výherce/ výherkyně She was the winner by 5 minutes. yours faithfully idiom /jO;z "feITf@li/ s úctou (pozdrav na závěr v dopise) If you start a letter with ‘Dear Sir’, you should end it with ‘Yours faithfully’. yours sincerely idiom /jO;z sInsI@li/ se srdečným pozdravem (pozdrav na závěr v dopise) If you start a letter with ‘Dear Mr Hale’, you can end it with ‘Yours sincerely’. yours idiom /jO;z/ Váš, Vaše, Tvůj, Tvá ... (na závěr v dopise) You can finish an informal letter with ‘Yours’.

Unit 5 advertisement n /&d"v3;tIsm@nt, &dv@"taIzm@Nt/ reklama The new advertisement will sell lots of products. advice n /@d"vaIs/ rada Please listen to her advice. alcohol n /"&lk@hQl/ alkohol They don’t sell alcohol. apple n /&pl/ jablko The apple was very good and looked delicious. aspirin n /"&sprIn/ aspirin Have you got any aspirin? attract v /@"tr&kt/ přitahovat, lákat What attracted you to him? 55

aubergine n /"@Ub@Zi;n/ lilek, baklažán I always put aubergines in the oven. ban v /b&n/ zakázat There was a ban on all liquids. beef n /bi;f/ hovězí maso I’m cooking beef with vegetables tonight. benefit n /"ben@fIt/ výhoda, přínos, užitek There were more benefits than disadvantages. birthday n /"b3;TdeI/ narozeniny When’s Heather’s birthday? boiled adj /bOIld/ dušený, vařený, uvařený She boiled the vegetables. breath n /breT/ nádech, nadechnutí The water was so cold she could only take small breaths. butter n /"bVt@/ máslo You should add some more butter. cabbage n /"k&bIdZ/ kapusta I hate the smell of cabbage. caffeine n /"k&fi;n/ kofein Too much caffeine is bad for you. car alarm n /"kA;r @lA;m/ autoalarm The car alarm went off during the night. celebration n /sel@"breISn/ oslava The celebrations started at midnight with fireworks. champagne n /S&m"peIn/ šampaňské Would anyone like a glass of champagne? character n /"k&r@kt@/ charakter, vlastnosti His character makes him unsuitable for the job. cheese n /tSi;z/ sýr I’ll have a cheese sandwich, please. cherry n /"tSeri/ třešeň The liqueur is made from cherries. chicken breast n /"tSIkIn/ kuřecí prsa You need chicken breasts to make this dish. chocolate n /"tSQkl@t/ čokoláda I eat chocolate every day. cider n /"saId@/ jablečný mošt, jablečné víno Cider is made from apples. citizen n /"sItIz@n/ občan/občanka He is Italian by birth but now an American citizen. cognac n /"kQnj&k/ koňak Put some cognac into the cake. completely adv /k@m"pli;tli/ naprosto, úplně I completely forgot that we had an appointment. courgette n /kO;"Zet/ cuketa Courgette is really a summer vegetable. crisis n /"kraIsIs/ krize The crisis was 56

avoided by some quick thinking. cucumber n /"kju;kVmb@/ okurka I like cucumber in salad. cutlet n /"kVtl@t/ kotleta A cutlet is a thick slice of lamb or pork. cycle path n /"saIkl pA;T/ cyklistická stezka Use the cycle path not the road. delicious adj /dI"lIS@s/ lahodný, velice chutný That was delicious! dessert n /dI"z3;t/ zákusek, dezert She is fantastic at making desserts. diet n /"daI@t/ strava I can’t eat that, I’m on a diet. dinner n /"dIn@/ hlavní jídlo, večeře nebo oběd Dinner will be at 8.00 p.m. disappear v /dIs@"pI@/ zmizet, ztratit se She just disappeared. dish n /dIS/ jídlo, pokrm, chod, připravené jídlo The dish is best served with some green vegetables. duck n /dVk/ kachna They went to the park to feed the ducks. economic adj /ek@"nQmIk/ ekonomický The minister explained the government’s new economic policy. else adv /els/ jiný, např. ‘něco jiného’ Would you like anything else to drink? energy n /"en@dZi;/ energie Where does she get her energy from? excuse n /Ik"skju;s/ omluva, výmluva I’m sorry, but that is not a very good excuse. fast food n /fA;st "fu;d/ rychlé občerstvení There are too many fast food places now. favourite adj /"feIvr@t/ oblíbený What’s your favourite dish? festival n /"festIv@l/ festival The festival takes place in February. founder n /"faUnd@/ zakladatel There is a statue of the founder outside the building. fresh adj /freS/ čerstvý That shop has the best fresh vegetables. fried adj /fraId/ smažený Some fried food can be too greasy. frozen adj /"fr@Uzn/ mražený, zmrzlý I need some frozen peas. fruit n /fru;t/ ovoce You should eat five pieces of fruit every day.

fun n /fVn/ zábava, legrace We had a lot of fun at the party. good for you idiom /"gUd f@ ju;/ dobrý pro tebe/vás, prospěšný Fruit and vegetables are good for you. grape n /greIp/ hroznové víno You need good grapes to make good wine. grilled adj /grIld/ grilovaný Try grilling the fish. guide n /gaId/ příručka, průvodce, knížka obsahující informace I couldn’t really hear what the guide was saying. headache n /"hedeIk/ bolest hlavy I’m sorry, I can’t come. I’ve got a terrible headache. health n /helT/ zdraví Your health is very important. healthy adj /"helTi/ zdravý Eating well will keep you healthy. heart n /hA;t/ srdce He had a problem with his heart. horrified adj /"hQrIfaId/ zděšený The whole country was horrified by the killings. hostess n /h@U"stes/ hostitelka, společnice Mary was always a perfect hostess. housework n /"haUsw3;k/ domácí práce I try to do all my housework on a Monday. human being n /hju;m@n "biIN/ člověk, lidská bytost That is no way to treat another human being. inexpensive adj /InIk"spensIv/ levný, nijak drahý The weekend was actually inexpensive. ingredient n /In"gri;dI@nt/ ingredience, přísada The recipe needed too many ingredients that I didn’t have. inhabitant n /In"h&bIt@nt/ obyvatel/obyvatelka He is the oldest inhabitant in the village. introduce v /Intr@"dju;s/ zavést co kam; uvést něco v platnost, do užívání The company is going to introduce the new policy next year. invasion n /In"veIZn/ invaze, vpád There is the possibility of another invasion. just adv /dZVst/ právě, zrovna, pouze I got here just after nine o’clock. keep v /ki;p/ držet, udržet, zachovat, dodržovat The things they found had been kept in excellent condition. lamb n /l&m/ jehněčí maso The best lamb comes from Wales.

likely adj /"laIkli/ pravděpodobný Tickets are likely to be expensive. lose v /lu;z/ ztratit, např. ‘ztratit na váze’ How much weight do you need to lose? lovely adj /"lVvli/ krásný, rozkošný, půvabný Thank you for a lovely evening! lunch n /lVntS/ oběd What time do you normally have lunch? main course n /"meIn kO;s/ hlavní chod jídla I’ll just have a main course. make sure v /meIk "SU@, meIk "SO;/ ujistit se Make sure your seat-belt is fastened. maximum n /"m&ksIm@m/ maximum There was a maximum of thirty allowed in the room. member n /"memb@/ člen/členka, např. klubu We had five new members this week. menu n /"menju;/ jídelní lístek Could I see the menu, please? method n /"meT@d/ metoda, způsob This is a reliable method for getting results. microwave n /"maIkr@weIv/ mikrovlnná trouba A microwave can heat food very quickly. movement n /"mu;vm@nt/ hnutí, skupina osob se společnými cíli The women’s movement changed many things for women today. neon-lit adj /"ni;Qn lIt/ neonový, osvětlený neony The whole area was neon-lit. new potatoes n /nju; p@"teIt@Uz/ nové brambory New potatoes are delicious with just some butter and salt. onion n /"Vnj@n/ cibule Slice the onions very thinly. order v /"O;d@/ objednat si Are you ready to order? organic adj /O;"g&nIk/ bio, bez chemického hnojení (o potravinách) Organic food is more expensive than normal food. outlet n /"aUtl@t/ prodejna, odbytiště; místo, kde se prodává zboží určité společnosti The company has 34 retail outlets for its products. pace n /peIs/ tempo, rychlost The pace was too quick for me. painkiller n /"peInkIl@/ analgetikum, lék proti bolesti Take this painkiller. It will help. park n /pA;k/ park They lived across the road from the park. paté n /"p&teI/ paštika Probably the most 57

famous pâté is foie gras. peach n /pi;tS/ broskev Peaches have furry skins. pear n /pe@/ hruška We have a pear tree in our garden. pepper n /"pep@/ paprika, zelenina; např. ‘červená paprika’ I’m allergic to peppers. philosophy n /fI"lQs@fi;/ filozofie, přesvědčení She believes very strongly in her philosophy of life. physical adj /"fIZIkl/ tělesný, fyzický You should do some physical exercise three times a week. pleased adj /pli;zd/ potěšený, mající radost I’m very pleased for you. pork n /pO;k/ vepřové maso Muslims don’t eat pork. prawn n /prO;n/ garnát Prawns only turn pink when they are cooked. promise v /"prQmIs/ slíbit I promise not to do it again. promote v /pr@"m@Ut/ podporovat, propagovat, povzbuzovat The government needs to promote this environmental awareness. protect v /pr@"tekt/ chránit, ochraňovat These animals must be protected. protest n /"pr@Utest/ protest, nesouhlas The protest was not violent. psychologist n /saI"kQl@dZIst/ psycholog/ psycholožka He is a very important psychologist. publish v /"pVblIS/ vydat, publikovat My new book has just been published. quality n /"kwQlIti/ kvalita The quality of the goods was poor. quality of life idiom /kwQlIti @v "laIf/ kvalita života People move to Australia for a better quality of life. recommend v /rek@"mend/ doporučit, doporučovat Which one do you recommend? reduce v /rI"dZu;s/ snížit, omezit The company is aiming to reduce waste by 2010. relaxation n /ri;l&k"seISn/ relaxace, odpočinek What do you do for relaxation? roast adj /r@Ust/ opékaný, pečený We normally have roast chicken at the weekend. salad n /"s&l@d/ salát What do you usually put in a salad? 58

salmon n /"s&m@n/ losos Most salmon is farmed nowadays. sandwich n /"s&ndwItS/ sendvič I usually have a sandwich for lunch. seafood n /"si;fu;d/ plody moře There is a new seafood restaurant in Oxford. secret n /"si;kr@t/ tajemství What’s the secret to your success? selection n /s@"lekSn/ výběr The selection of the right candidate may take a few weeks. serve v /s3;v/ servírovat, podávat jídlo Breakfast is served between 7.00 and 9.00 a.m. serving n /"s3;vIN/ porce jídla Could I have a smaller serving, please? skill n /skIl/ dovednost The job requires a great deal of skill. slow down v /sl@U "daUn/ zpomalit You need to slow down when you are eating. smoked adj /sm@Ukt/ uzený Smoked meats and fish are delicious. sociable adj /"s@US@bl/ společenský, družný She is usually a very sociable person. sole n /s@Ul/ mořský jazyk (ryba) A sole is a flat fish. square n /skwe@/ náměstí Everyone usually meets in the square in the evening. starter n /"stA;t@/ předkrm What would you like as your starter? statement n /"steItm@nt/ prohlášení, tvrzení Are the following statements true or false? strawberry n /"strO;b@ri/ jahoda Let’s go and pick some strawberries. stress n /stres/ stres, napětí The stress of his job made him ill. tip n /tIp/ tip, rada Here are some useful tips on how to save money. tradition n /"tr@dISn/ tradice This culture has many unusual traditions. true adj /tru;/ pravdivý Is the story true? tuna n /"tju;n@/ tuňák Most people eat tuna from a tin. unique adj /ju;"ni;k/ jedinečný The contract will put the company in a unique position. vegetable n /"vedZt@bl/ zelenina The vegetables should be steamed for just a few minutes. waiter n /"weIt@/ číšník The waiter handed

him the menu. waitress n /"weItr@s/ číšnice, servírka The waitress asked them if they were ready to order. way of life idiom /weI @v "laIf/ způsob života For some people eating fast food every day is a way of life. website n /"websaIt/ webová stránka Have you seen our new website? weekend n /wi;"kend/ víkend What are your plans for the weekend? weight n /weIt/ váha, hmotnost You look like you’ve lost some weight. work it out idiom /w3;k It "aUt/ vyřešit, vypracovat Can you work it out? yoghurt n /"jQg@t/ jogurt There’s yoghurt if you are still hungry.

Unit 6 advantage n /@d"vA;ntIdZ/ výhoda Being tall gave him an advantage over the others. agency n /"eIdZ@nsi/ agentura She works for a travel agency. aircraft n /"e@krA;ft/ letadlo The aircraft took off. airport n /"e@pO;t/ letiště The airport was very busy as it was in the middle of the holiday season. aisle seat n /"aI@l si;t/ sedadlo do uličky I’d prefer an aisle seat. along with idiom /@"lQN wID/ společně s, zároveň s She lost her job when the factory closed, along with hundreds of others. announcement n /@"naUnsm@nt/ oznámení, hlášení Today’s announcement was a bit of a surprise. architecture n /"A;kItektS@/ architektura The city is famous for its architecture. arrivals screen n /"@raIv@lz skri;n/

informační tabule s časy příjezdů/příletů Please check the arrivals screen to see if her plane has landed. art n /A;t/ umění Can we call television art? attention n /@"tenSn/ pozornost, pozor She was attracting a lot of attention. attractive adj /@"tr&ktIv/ přitažlivý, atraktivní She was one of the most attractive women I had ever met.

bank n /b&Nk/ břeh břeh řeky He jumped in and swam to the opposite bank. be sure of idiom /bi; "SU@r @v, bi; SO;r @v/ být si něčím jistý How can you be sure of that? beautiful adj /"bju;tIfl/ krásný, pěkný It was a beautiful evening. board v /bO;d/ nastoupit, nasednout,

vstoupit na palubu letadla, nalodit se Passengers are waiting to board. both … and adv /"b@UT @nd/ jak … tak, nejen … ale i Both his mother and his father will be there. briefcase n /"bri;fkeIs/ kufřík, aktovka He was carrying a black leather briefcase. call v name /kO;l/ říkat komu jak, nazývat, oslovovat She called his name, but he didn’t hear her. cancel v /"k&ns@l/ zrušit I’m afraid the meeting has been cancelled. centre n /"sent@/ centrum; místo, ve kterém jsou soustředěny nějaké aktivity They received messages from several centres. check-in desk n /"tSek In desk/ odbavovací přepážka Can you please go to check-in desk 5 immediately? club n /klVb/ klub She belongs to a book club. come to v /"kVm t@/ přijet kam, dorazit The time has come to decide. comfort n /"kVmf@t/ pohodlí Your comfort is our most important concern. complaint n /k@m"pleInt/ stížnost If you have a complaint, please contact Customer Services. complete adj /k@m"pli;t/ úplný, celý, kompletní It came as a complete surprise. complicated adj /"kQmplIkeItId/ složitý, komplikovaný The instructions look very complicated. connecting adj /k@"nektIN/ spojovací The rooms had connecting doors. contemporary adj /k@n"tempr@ri/ současný, soudobý The design was very contemporary. convenient adj /k@n"vi;nI@nt/ vhodný, vyhovující I can walk to work, which is very convenient. convert v /k@n"v3;t/ přeměnit, proměnit, změnit účel užívání; např. budovy The old building was converted into flats. 59

costs n /kQsts/ provozní náklady We have had to increase our prices due to rising costs. crowded adj /"kraUdId/ přeplněný, přecpaný The train was very crowded in the mornings. customs n /"kVst@mz/ celnice; místo např.

na letišti, kde celníci kontrolují zavazadla They may want to check your bags in customs. cut v /kVt/ snížit His salary has been cut by 10%. date n /deIt/ datum What date did you start? December n /dI"semb@/ prosinec It sometimes snows in December. demolish v /dI"mQlIS/ zbourat, demolovat The factory took two days to demolish. design v /dI"zaIn/ projektovat, navrhnout He designed and built his own house. destroy v /dI"strOI/ zničit The building was completely destroyed by fire. destruction n /dI"strVkSn/ zničení, zkáza The destruction of the rainforests must be stopped. directly adv /daI"rektli/ přímo, rovnou; např. ‘prodávat přímo’ We have not been affected directly by the news. disadvantage n /dIs@d"vA;ntIdZ/ nevýhoda One of the disadvantages is that we will have to move. discount n /"dIskaUnt/ sleva When you have worked there for one month you receive a 10% discount. dislike v /dIs"laIk/ nemít rád, nemít v oblibě She couldn’t understand why everyone disliked her. distance n /"dIst@ns/ vzdálenost What’s the distance between London and Bristol? duty-free shop n /dju;ti "fri; SQp/ bezcelní obchod I want to buy something in the duty-free shop. efficient adj /I"fIS@nt/ efektivní, výkonný, účinný We offer a fast and efficient service. either … or adv /eID@ O;, i;D@ O;/ buď …

nebo v kladné větě, ani … ani v záporné větě I think she’s either Russian or Polish. electricity n /elek"trIsIti/ elektřina The cost of electricity has risen again this year. entrance n /"entr@ns/ vchod, vstup, vjezd I’ll meet you outside the entrance to the museum. evening n /"i;vnIN/ večer What did you do 60

yesterday evening? exactly adv /Ig"z&ktli/ přesně I know exactly how she felt. exchange v /Ik"stSeIndZ/ vyměnit Perhaps they will let me exchange this jumper. exhibition n /eksI"bISn/ výstava Have you seen the exhibition at the museum? exterior n /Ik"stI@rI@/ exteriér, zevnějšek The exterior of the house needed repainting. extra adj /"ekstr@/ další, dodatečný The government has promised an extra £1 billion for education. far adj /fA;/ vzdálený, daleký They sat in the far corner of the room. fare n /fe@/ jízdné The train fare to London is more expensive than the bus. fastened adj /fA;s@nd/ uzavřený They found the gate fastened. few adj /fju;/ málo Few people understand the difference. film set n /"fIlm set/ scéna, výprava filmu I was allowed onto the film set. find v /faInd/ najít I can’t find my glasses anywhere. flexible adj /"fleksIbl/ přizpůsobivý, flexibilní You need to be flexible to do this job. flight attendant n /"flaIt @tend@nt/ letuška, stevard She wanted to work as a flight attendant for one of the big airlines. form v /fO;m/ vytvořit, formovat, navázat; např. ‘navázat spolupráci’ The band formed in 2005. gate n /geIt/ brána, příchod k letadlům Would all passengers please make their way to gate 10 immediately. general adj /"dZenr@l/ obecný, celkový The general opinion is that the event was a success. get on v /get "Qn/ vyjít s někým I get on with my sister. guide n /gaId/ příručka, rádce, návod She lets her feelings be her guide. hand-luggage n /"h&nd lVgIdZ/ příruční zavazadlo How many pieces of hand-luggage can we take on board? ideal adj /aI"dI@l/ ideální, dokonalý It was the ideal place to live. immediately adv /Im"i;dI@tli/ okamžitě, ihned I asked to see him immediately.

in front adv /In "frVnt/ vpředu, v čele She walked in front of him. industrial adj /In"dVstrI@l/ průmyslový It has been described as an industrial city. inside prep /In"said/ uvnitř, v If it’s raining, I’ll meet you inside the cinema. instruction n /In"strVkSn/ pokyn, příkaz You should always read the instructions. interest n /"Intrest/ zájem By the end I had lost all interest in the idea. it’s no problem idiom /Its "n@U prQbl@m/ žádný problém, bez problémů It’s no problem if you arrive a little late. keep v /ki;p/ ponechat, nechat; např. ‘zůstaňte připoutaní’ Please keep your seat-belt fastened at all times during the flight. label n /"leIbl/ značka, štítek What does this label say? landing card n /"l&ndIN kA;d/ lístek vyplňovaný při přistání Can you please fill in this landing card? last call n /"lA;st kO;l/ poslední výzva, poslední hlášení před odletem letadla This is the last call for flight BA357 to New York. late adj /leIt/ pozdě Why are you so late? leg room n /"leg ru;m/ prostor/místo pro nohy There is never enough leg room on cheaper airlines. like prep /laIk/ jako She is wearing a dress like mine. little adj /"lItl/ malý The baby’s hands were so little. location n /l@U"keISn/ umístění, poloha, místo Location is very important when you are buying a house. mail v /meIl/ poslat poštou dopisy, balíky atd. Can you mail it to me by Friday? make v /meIk/ vydělat, získat peníze How much do you make? make it idiom /"meIk It/ moci přijít, být

schopný přijít; např. ‘Mohu přijít v úterý.’ I’m sorry, I can’t make it on Friday. manage v /"m&nIdZ/ stihnout, zvládnout, být schopný přijít; např. ‘Na zítřejší schůzku nezvládnu přijít. I’m sorry, I can’t manage the meeting on Monday. many adj /"meni/ mnoho, hodně (u

počitatelných podst. jm.) Many people attended the meeting. mean v /mi;n/ znamenat, vést k čemu, skončit čím Spending too much money now means we will have problems next year. near adj /nI@/ blízký, nedaleký Where’s the nearest bank? no-frills adj /n@U "frIlz/ strohý, bez zbytečných

nákladů; např. nízkorozpočtové letecké linky They offer a no-frills airline service. normally adv /"nO;m@li/ normálně, obvykle She normally has tea in the morning. number v /"nVmb@/ číslovat All the seats are numbered. on the line idiom /Qn D@ "laIn/ na příjmu, mít telefon Mrs Webster, I’ve got your husband on the line. order n /"O;d@/ pořadí What do you think is the correct order? originally adv /@"rIdZ@nli/ původně The company was originally very small. overhead locker n /@Uv@hed "lQk@/ skříňka

nad hlavou v letadle určená prona příruční zavazadlo Please put your hand-luggage in the overhead locker. pack v /p&k/ balit, zabalit Did you pack your suitcase yourself? package n /"p&kIdZ/ balík, balíček, obal The package was delivered this morning. paperwork n /"peIp@wO;k/ kancelářské práce I’ve got lots of paperwork to do this evening. passenger n /"p&sIndZ@/ cestující, pasažér/ pasažérka They had to wait for the last passengers before they could leave. passport n /"pA;spO;t/ cestovní pas Can I see your passport, please? passport control n /pA;spO;t k@n"tr@Ul/

pasová kontrola, zóna pasové kontroly; místo např. na letišti, kde se kontrolují pasy Please go immediately to passport control. pedestrian n /p@"destrI@n/ chodec/ chodkyně The pedestrian was injured when the she was run over. perfect adj /"p3;fekt/ dokonalý, perfektní, bezchybný The house is in perfect condition. platform n /"pl&tfO;m/ nástupiště na železničním nádraží Which platform does the 61

train to London leave from? popular adj /"pQpj@l@/ oblíbený, populární She was a very popular member of staff. possibility n /pQs@"bIlIti/ možnost, pravděpodobnost There is no possibility of leaving early today. power station n /"paU@ steISn/ elektrárna The residents were unhappy with the idea of a new power station in the area. powerful adj /"paU@f@l/ silný, působivý, mocný He was a very powerful man. prefer v /pr@"f3;/ upřednostňovat, dávat přednost čemu před čím I prefer coffee to tea. price n /praIs/ cena The price of petrol has increased considerably in the last few months. prisoner n /"prIz@n@/ vězeň, zajatec/ zajatkyně He was taken prisoner by the terrorists. prisoner of war n /"prIz@n@ @v wO;/ válečný zajatec/válečná zajatkyně He was a prisoner of war for a year. punctuality n /pVNktju"&lIti/ přesnost, dochvilnost The teacher insists on punctuality. put through v /pUt "Tru;/ spojit, přepojit telefonický hovor I’m just putting you through now. rating n /"reItIN/ ohodnocení čeho Health has been given a high-priority rating by the new government. ready adj /"redi/ připravený, nachystaný Are you ready to go? record n /"rekO;d/ záznam, známá fakta o minulosti The airline has a good safety record. reference number n /"refr@ns nVmb@/ referenční číslo, číslo jednací This is your reference number for this transaction. relationship n /"rI"leISnSIp/ vztah, souvislost What exactly is the relationship between you and Sean? remain v /rI"meIn/ zůstat, trvat Train fares are unlikely to remain the same. remaining adj /rI"meInIN/ zbylý Would the remaining passengers please board the plane now? remind v /rI"maInd/ připomenout, připomínat Can you remind me tomorrow? require v /rI"kwaI@/ vyžadovat, být zapotřebí, důrazně žádat All the candidates 62

are required to take a short test. return v /rI"t3;n/ vrátit se, navrátit se I have to go to the library to return this book. route n /ru;t/ cesta, trasa Which is the quickest route? row n /r@U/ řada, věci uspořádané do řady The vegetables were planted in rows. save v /seIv/ uchovat, zachránit, zachovávat We must do something now to save our planet. seat-belt n /"si;tbelt/ bezpečnostní pás You are breaking the law if you don’t wear a seat-belt while driving. seated adj /"si;tId/ sedící, usazený Is everyone seated? security n /sI"kjU@rIti/ bezpečnost,

zabezpečení, opatření přijatá za účelem zajištění bezpečnosti They carried out security checks at the airport. see you idiom /"si; ju;/ uvidíme se, tak zatím (při loučení) See you later! serve as v /s3;v/ sloužit jako This sofa also serves as a bed. similar adj /"sImIl@/ podobný, obdobný We have similar interests. something pron /"sVmTIN/ něco (neurčité zájmeno) We stopped for something to eat. space n /speIs/ prostor, místo, plocha The building has so much space. spectacular adj /spek"t&kj@l@/ působivý, velkolepý, okázalý The views from the top of the mountain were spectacular. standstill n /"st&ndstIl/ klid, zastavení, nečinnost The traffic is at a standstill. station n /"steISn/ stanice Where’s the train station from here? suit v /su;t/ vyhovovat, hodit se, být vhodný pro Which day suits you? surprisingly adv /s@"praIzINli/ kupodivu, překvapivě She looked surprisingly well. technical adj /"teknIkl/ technický We couldn’t watch the programme on TV due to a technical error. telephone box n /"telIf@Un bQks/ telefonní budka It’s difficult to find a telephone box these days. that’s fine idiom /D&ts "faIn/ v pořádku, to je v pořádku I’ll see you next week then. That’s fine!

Thursday n /T3;zdeI/ čtvrtek The match is on Thursday. ticket n /"tIkIt/ lístek, jízdenka, letenka, vstupenka I’ve lost my ticket. transformation n /tr&nsf@"meISn/ proměna, přeměna, transformace What a transformation. You look great! trolley n /"trQli/ vozík, např. na zavazadla na letišti There will be a trolley with drinks on it. Tuesday n /"tju;zdeI/ úterý I’ve got a day off on Tuesday. turbine n /"t3;baIn/ turbína The turbine made a lot of noise. turn off v /t3;n "Qf/ vypnout Can you turn that music off, please? turnaround n /"t3;n@raUnd/ otočka, doba nutná

k přípravě ke zpátečnímu letu; proces, při kterém se vyloží náklad z letadla a znovu se naloží The cheaper airlines have a very quick turnaround. type n /taIp/ typ, druh What type of music do you like? ugly adj /"Vgli/ ošklivý, škaredý, nehezký It’s a very ugly animal. unattended adj /Vn@"tendId/ nehlídaný, bez dozoru They took her bag as she had left it unattended. value n /"v&lju;/ hodnota, cena Some things hold their value more than others. vote v /v@Ut/ hlasovat, volit He is now old enough to vote. Wednesday n /"wenzdeI/ středa I’ve got my exam on Wednesday. what a pity idiom /wQt @ "pIti/ jaká škoda, to je ale škoda What a pity you couldn’t come to the party! window seat n /"wInd@U si;t/ sedadlo u okna Can I have a window seat? World War n /wO;ld "wO;/ světová válka The effects of a World War are terrible. yourself pron /jO;"self/ ty sám, vy sám (zvratné zájmeno) Have you hurt yourself?

Unit 7 active adj /"&ktIv/ aktivní, činný Although he is 80, he is still very active. advanced adj /@d"vA;nst/ pokročilý She is

an advanced student of English. agree v /@"gri;/ souhlasit I’m afraid I don’t agree. anniversary n /&nI"v3;s@ri/ výročí It was their first wedding anniversary. as usual idiom /@z "ju;ZU@l, &z "ju;ZU@l/ jako obvykle She was late as usual. banana n /b@"nA;n@/ banán I like baked bananas with yoghurt. bar of chocolate n /bA; @v "tSQkl@t/ tabulka čokolády, čokoládová tyčinka Can you get me a bar of chocolate at the shop, please? bean n /bi;n/ fazole There are several types of bean. bonus n /"b@Un@s/ příplatek, zvláštní odměna, prémie He received his bonus from work this month. borrow v /"bQr@U/ půjčit si Can I borrow your pen, please? career development n /k@rI@ dI"vel@pm@nt/ kariérní růst She decided that she needed to speak to someone about her career development. charter v /"tSA;t@/ pronajmout, najmout loď, letadlo They decided to charter a boat. chemical n /"kemIkl/ chemikálie The chemical was very dangerous. chief executive n /tSi;f Ig"zekj@tIv/ vrchní výkonný pracovník/výkonná pracovnice The chief executive decided to leave the company after the news. cocoa n /"k@Uk@U/ kakao If you can’t sleep at night, drink a cup of cocoa. community n /k@"mju;n@ti/ společenství, komunita The community worked together to get the park built. contract n /"kQntr&kt/ smlouva, kontrakt They signed a six-month contract. cooperative n /k@U"Qpr@tIv/ družstvo;

podnik, který vlastní a provozují v něm zaměstnané osoby The factory is now a workers’ cooperative. cottage n /"kQtIdZ/ chalupa, domek, chata We rented a small cottage by the sea. crèche n /kreS/ jesle, zařízení pro hlídání dětí, např. v podniku My daughter goes to the crèche in the village hall. crop n /krQp/ úroda, sklizeň The crop was very small this year due to the bad weather. deal n /dI@l/ dohoda, záležitost They have 63

fantastic deals on furniture at the moment. decade n /"dekeId/ desetiletí, dekáda The 2000s is the current decade. deep adj /di;p/ hluboký The water was very deep. definite adj /"defIn@t/ definitivní, určitý Can you give me a definite answer by tomorrow? democratic adj /dem@"kr&tIk/ demokratický You have a democratic right to vote. dental treatment n /"dentl tri;tm@nt/ ošetření zubů The dental treatment was excellent. dining-room n /"daInIN r@Um/ jídelna Come through to the dining-room to eat! disagree v /dIs@"gri/ nesouhlasit I’m sorry, but I totally disagree with what you’re saying! disaster n /dI"zA;st@/ neštěstí, pohroma, katastrofa The party was a complete disaster. dramatically adv /dr@"m&tIkli/ dramaticky The figures have increased dramatically since last year. eastern adj /"i;st@n/ východní There is more snow on the eastern slopes of the mountain. economy class n /I"kQn@mi klA;s/ ekonomická

třída, levnější cestovní třída v letadle Unfortunately, we have to fly economy class to the USA. education n /edj@"keISn/ vzdělání A good education is very important these days. emphasize v /"emf@saIz/ zdůraznit, vyzdvihnout, dát důraz na co She emphasized that the new job would mean a lot of hard work. escape v /I"skeIp/ utéct, uniknout, vyváznout Two prisoners have escaped. Europe n /"jU@r@p/ Evropa Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. executive n /Ig"zekj@tIv/ vedoucí

pracovník/vedoucí pracovnice, výkonná moc He is a top executive in the company. executive director n /Igzekj@tIv daI"rekt@/

výkonný ředitel/výkonná ředitelka She is an executive director in one of the largest advertising companies. fair adj /fe@/ fér; v souladu s tím, co je správné nebo rozumné I don’t think that this is really fair! family n /"f&m@li/ rodina How many people are there in your family? farmer n /"fA;m@/ sedlák, farmář/farmářka 64

His grandfather was a farmer. fitness centre n /"fItn@s sent@/ posilovna, fitness centrum There is an excellent fitness centre on the university campus. forget v /f@"get/ zapomenout Don’t forget the meeting later today! foundation n /faUn"deISn/ nadace;

organizace založená pro to, aby poskytovala peníze na určitý účel The money will go to the children’s foundation. generation n /dZen@"reISn/ generace, etapa

vývoje; průměrná doba, za kterou děti vyrostou I wonder what future generations will think. graph n /grA;f/ graf The graph shows how house prices have risen in the last year. help v /help/ pomoci Can you help me, please? in common idiom /In "kQm@n/ společně,

dohromady např. have sth in common = mít něco společné ho We have so much in common. include v /In"klu;d/ zahrnovat, obsahovat What does the price include? inflation n /In"fleISn/ inflace, růst cen a mezd What is the current rate of inflation? invite v /In"vaIt/ pozvat, zvát, vybízet We would like to invite you to dinner. item n /"aIt@m/ položka, kus What’s the next item on the agenda? latest adj /"leItIst/ poslední, nejnovější He’s got the latest mobile phone. level off v /levl "Qf/ ustálit se, stabilizovat se The prices rose and then levelled off. living conditions n /"lIvIN kQndISnz/ životní podmínky They were living in the most terrible living conditions. look after v /lUk "A;ft@/ starat se o I can look after them for you. lucky adj /"lVki/ šťastný, mající štěstí You were very lucky to win that prize. maker n /meIk@/ výrobce, zhotovitel If it doesn’t work, send it back to the maker. management n /"m&nIdZm@nt/ management, řízení, vedení The report blames bad management for the problem. medical adj /"medIkl/ lékařský, léčebný You need to bring a medical certificate. miss v /mIs/ chybět, promeškat We missed the plane because of the traffic on the way to

the airport. model n /"mQdl/ model, vzor It provided a model for all the other companies to follow. mostly adv /"m@Ustli/ většinou We are mostly out on Saturdays. nowadays adv /"naU@deIz/ v současné době, nyní Nowadays, most children prefer watching TV to reading. occasion n /@"keIZn/ příležitost, událost I’ve met him on several occasions. of course idiom /@v "kO;s/ samozřejmě Of course you can come! opportunity n /Qp@"tju;nIti/ příležitost, šance, možnost You’ll have an opportunity to ask any questions at the end. optimistic adj /Qpt@"mIstIk/ optimistický He is usually such an optimistic person. pay n /peI/ plat, výplata Her job is hard, but the pay is good. payment n /"peIm@nt/ platba When should I expect the payment? peak n /pi;k/ vrchol, nejvyšší bod Traffic reaches its peak between 8.00 and 9.00 a.m. pension n /"penSn/ penze, důchod She was able to collect her pension from the post office every week. performance n /p@"fO;m@ns/ výkon, dosažený výsledek The manager was unhappy with his staff’s performance. plantation n /plA;n"teISn/ plantáž He owned a coffee plantation in Kenya. poor adj /pO;/ chudý, mající málo peněz It’s one of the poorest countries in the world. position n /p@"zISn/ pozice, funkce, zaměstnání I’m applying for the new teaching position. poverty n /"pQv@ti/ chudoba, bída Many old people live in poverty. premium n /"pri;mI@m/ prémie, příplatek You have to pay a high premium for quicker delivery. private adj /"praIv@t/ soukromý, pro užívání konkrétní osobou The hotel has a private beach. private healthcare n /praIv@t "helTke@/ soukromá zdravotní péče, tj. nestátní One of the benefits of working for that company is that they offer private healthcare. publication n /pVblI"keISn/ publikování, vydání, publikace What is the date of

publication of your new book? rate n /reIt/ tempo; míra stanovující, jak rychle se něco děje Most people walk at an average rate of 5 kilometres an hour. reach v /ri;tS/ dosáhnout I hope this letter reaches you. reject v /rI"dZekt/ odmítat, odmítnout Unfortunately, the company rejected his offer. relaxing adj /rI"l&ksIN/ uvolňující, uklidňující I find gardening very relaxing. rent v /rent/ pronajmout si We’ve rented an apartment. retire v /rI"taI@/ odejít do důchodu At what age do people retire in your country? round-up n /"raUnd Vp/ přehled, např. zpráv First, let’s have a round-up of the top stories. set up v /set "Vp/ zařídit, zřídit He set up a business selling ice-creams on the beach. sharply adv /"SA;pli/ ostře, prudce, náhle Share prices fell sharply after the announcement. shipping n /"SIpIN/ lodní přeprava zboží She arranged for the shipping of her furniture. simply adv /"SImpli/ jednoduše, prostě Simply add hot water and drink. slightly adv /"slaItli/ nepatrně, lehce, slabě Profits rose slightly this year. social adj /"s@USl/ sociální, společenský He has a busy social life. socialize v /"s@US@laIZ/ žít společensky, chodit do společnosti She enjoys socializing with other students. solution n /s@"lu;Sn/ řešení The solution to the problem was clear. stable adj /"steIbl/ stálý, ustálený, stabilní The country’s economy was stable at that time. steadily adv /"stedIli/ vyrovnaně, stále, plynule růst apod. Profits rose steadily during the first half of the year. story n /"stO;ri/ zpráva, reportáž, část zpráv The top story on the news was the death of the politician. subsidized adj /"sVbsIdaIzd/ dotovaný Some of those projects are subsidized by the government. support v /s@"pO;t/ podporovat I’ll support you if you want to do that. technology n /tek"nQl@dZi/ technologie, technika Computer technology is advancing so 65

quickly nowadays. third world n /T3;d "wO;ld/ třetí svět, rozvojové země How are we ever going to stop third world debt? trainee n /treI"ni;/ posluchač/posluchačka,

účastník/účastnice školení, zaučující se pracovník/pracovnice He started in the company ten years ago as a trainee. treasure n /"treZ@/ poklad The story said that the treasure was hidden on a desert island. treasure hunt n /"treZ@ hVnt/ honba za pokladem The children played a treasure hunt at the party. trend n /trend/ trend, tendence There is a growing trend towards retiring earlier. unemployment n /VnIm"plOIm@nt/ nezaměstnanost Unemployment is not as bad as it used to be in the UK. unit n /"ju;nIt/ jednotka, celek, lekce v učebnici Family is the basic unit of society. via prep /"vaI@/ přes co, pomocí čeho I heard about it via Jane. village n /"vIlIdZ/ obec, vesnice They live in a small village outside Birmingham. voucher n /"vaUtS@/ poukaz, poukázka, kupon You can use this voucher for goods up to the value of 10 Euros. wage n /weIdZ/ mzda, pravidelná platba za práci The workers receive their wages at the end of every week. well n /wel/ studna They had to get their water from a well. western adj /"west@n/ západní She lives in western Spain. willing adj /"wIlIN/ ochotný Would you be willing to help me with this? wine-tasting n /"waIn teIstIN/ ochutnávka vína We went to a wine-tasting.

Unit 8 accurate adj /"&kj@r@t/ přesný, důsledný Accurate records must be kept. across prep /@"krQs/ přes, napříč We will have to swim across the river to get to the other side. adapt v /@"d&pt/ přizpůsobit, upravit, zvyknout si It is often difficult to adapt to 66

living in a new country. adaptable adj /@"d&pt@bl/ přizpůsobivý If you want to be successful, you have to also be adaptable. alcoholic n /&lk@"hQlIk/ alkoholik He has lost his job as he is an alcoholic. ambitious adj /&m"bIS@s/ ctižádostivý, ambiciózní She is a very ambitious person. analysis n /@"n&l@sIs/ analýza, rozbor The report is an analysis of the research done. appearance n /@"pI@r@ns/ vzhled, zevnějšek, vzezření, vnější forma He gave the appearance of enjoying himself. Asia n /"eIZ@/ Asie Japan is in Asia. assistant n /@"sIst@nt/ asistent/asistentka She worked as his assistant for several years. blow idiom /bl@U/ smrkat, vysmrkat se When you have a cold you always have to blow your nose. brainstorm v /"breInstO;m/ hledat nové nápady, řešení při diskusi apod.; přemýšlet They decided to brainstorm any ideas in the meeting. Buddha n /"bUd@/ Bbudha Buddha is the founder of Buddhism. characteristic n /k&rIkt@"rIstIk/ typický znak Even though they are twins, they have very different characteristics. cloakroom n /"kl@Ukru;m/ šatna You can leave your coat in the cloakroom. close friend n /kl@Us "frend/ blízký přítel/ blízká přítelkyně She is a very close friend of mine. collide v /k@"laId/ srazit se, střetnout se, být v rozporu The cars collided in the middle of the road. communal adj /k@"mju;n@l, "kQmj@n@"l/ veřejný, společný The university flats have a communal kitchen and living area. communicator n /k@"mju;nIkeIt@/ ten, kdo komunikuje, dorozumívá se We are in regular communication by email. compliment n, v /"kQmplIm@nt/ poklona, kompliment; složit poklonu It is a great compliment to be asked to do the speech. / She complimented him on his excellent speech. control v /k@n"tr@Ul/ ovládat, kontrolovat; např emoce The whole area was now controlled by the army. creative adj /kri"eItIv/ tvořivý, kreativní

She has a very creative side to her character. cross v /krQs/ křížit se, protínat se The two athletes crossed the line together. deceive v /dI"si;v/ podvést, klamat, oklamat She deceived him into giving her all his money. decline v /dI"klaIn/ odmítnout, nepřijmout She declined the invitation to the party. description n /dIs"krIpSn/ popis She gave a very good description of the criminal. direct question n /daIrekt "kwestj@n/ přímá otázka Do you mind if I ask you a direct question? dishonest adj /dIs"QnIst/ nekalý, nečestný, nepoctivý What you did was very dishonest. disorganized adj /dIs"O;g@naIzd/ neuspořádaný, rozrušený She is the most disorganized person I know. doctor n /"dQkt@/ doktor/doktorka He trained for 5 years to be a doctor. dress v /dres/ oblékat se nosit konkrétní typ/styl oblečení She dressed the children in their best clothes. easy-going adj /i;zi "g@UIN/ dobrácký, tolerantní He was a very easy-going person. effort n /"ef@t/ úsilí, snaha He put a lot of effort into making the party a success. emotion n /I"m@USn/ emoce, cit She was unable to control her emotions on the day. even number n /i;vn "nVmb@/ sudé číslo Pick any even number. expressive adj /Ik"spresIv/ expresivní, výrazný She has wonderfully expressive eyes. eye-contact n /"aI kQnt&kt/ oční kontakt, pohled z očí do očí We made eye-contact across the bar. family name n /"f&mli neIm/ příjmení How do you spell your family name? fine n /faIn/ pokuta, peníze placené jako trest The punishment for speeding is usually just a fine. first name n /"f3;st neIm/ křestní jméno What’s your first name? follow v /"fQl@U/ držet se čeho, řídit se čím Follow this road and at the end turn left. forbidden adj /f@"bIdn/ zakázaný, nedovolený The children were forbidden from opening their presents before midnight. foreign adj /"fQr@n/ zahraniční, cizí It is a foreign-owned company.

foreigner n /"fQr@n@/ cizinec/cizinka Being a foreigner was a big disadvantage. formal adj /"fO;m@l/ formální, oficiální, úřední It was a very formal dinner. gesture n /"dZesdZ@/ gesto, posunek He made a very impolite gesture. good manners n /gUd "m&n@z/ slušné chování Their children had very good manners. honest adj /"QnIst/ čestný, poctivý, upřímný What is your honest opinion? image n /"ImIdZ/ image, celkové vzezření a vystupování His public image is very different to the real person. impertinent adj /Im"p3;tIn@nt/ drzý, neomalený That is a very impertinent question! impolite adj /Imp@"laIt/ nezdvořilý It’s impolite to ask people how much money they earn. in turn adv /In "t3;n/ jeden po druhém, popořadě The children called out their names in turn. indoor adj /"IndO;/ vnitřní, pod střechou They’ve got an indoor pool in their house. inefficient adj /InI"fISnt/ neefektivní, neschopný, neúčinný Our old heating system is very inefficient. intensive adj /In"tensIv/ intenzivní She went on an intensive training course. interrupt v /Int@"rVpt/ přerušovat, přerušit I’m sorry to interrupt you! interruption n /Int@"rVpSn/ přerušení He couldn’t remember what he had been talking about before the interruption. joke n /dZ@Uk/ vtip She didn’t understand the joke. kiss v /kIs/ políbit He kissed her on the cheek. knock v /nQk/ klepat, zaklepat He knocked on the door loudly. Latin America n /l&tIn @"merIk@/ latinská Amerika Mexico is in Latin America. leave v /li;v/ nechat, zanechat, nevzít si She left her newspaper on the train. look v /lUk/ vypadat o vzhledu It looks delicious. manners n /"m&n@z/ chování, způsoby, společenské chování He has the manners of a pig! mix v /mIks/ míchat, mísit se, promíchat Mix the oil and the vinegar and then pour over the salad. motivation n /m@UtI"veISn/ motivace Most 67

people say that money is their main motivation at work. necessary adj /"nes@seri/ nezbytný, potřebný It isn’t necessary for us to meet. non-verbal adj /nQn "v3;bl/ neverbální, beze slov Non-verbal communication is very important. normal adj /"nO;m@l/ normální, obvyklý She had a normal childhood. obligatory adj /@"blIg@tri/ povinný, závazný A uniform was obligatory at my high school. on time idiom /Qn "taIm/ včas The train was on time. one thing at a time idiom /wVn TIN @t @ "taIm/ jedna věc v daný okamžik You need to learn to do one thing at a time. organized adj /O;g@naIzd/ organizovaný, spořádaný She worked in an organized office. outgoing adj /aUt"g@UIN/ společenský, nesobecký, otevřený He was a very outgoing person. patient adj /"peIS@nt/ trpělivý She was the most patient teacher I ever had. pause n, v /pO;z/ pauza, odmlka; odmlčet se, udělat přestávku There was a long pause before she answered. / She paused at the door but didn’t look back. permission n /p@"mISn/ povolení They didn’t get the correct permission before they built the house. polite adj /p@"laIt/ slušný, zdvořilý What a polite young boy! politeness n /p@"laItn@s/ slušnost, zdvořilost He stood up out of politeness and offered her his seat. pour v /pU@, pO;/ lít, nalít Could you pour me a glass of water, please? prefix n /"pri;fIks/ předsunuté znaky The prefix LH before the number stands for the initials of your name. present n /"prez@nt/ současnost, přítomnost, dar, dárek What can I get David as a birthday present? professor n /pr@"fes@/ profesor/ka The professor told me that I had passed my exam. punctual adj /"pVNktjU@l/ přesný, dochvilný She has always been punctual. 68

react v /ri"&kt/ reagovat, zareagovat, odpovědět How did she react when you told her the news? reliable adj /rI"laI@bl/ spolehlivý She is a very reliable person. respect n /rI"spekt/ respekt, ohled, zřetel I have the greatest respect for your father. return flight idiom /rIt3;n "flaIt/ zpáteční let I met a friend of yours on my return flight from Italy. rude adj /ru;d/ neomalený, neslušný, nezdvořilý There’s no need to be so rude! schedule n /"Sedju;l, "skedju;l / plán, rozvrh, harmonogram, jízdní řád She had a very busy schedule. senior adj /"si;nI@/ starší, nadřízený He is a senior member of our team. sensitive adj /"sens@tIv/ citlivý She is very sensitive to other people’s feelings. separate adj /"sepr@t/ oddělený, samostatný It happened on two separate occasions. serious adj /"sI@rI@s/ vážný, závažný We have a very serious problem here. silence n /"saIl@ns/ ticho, mlčení I need silence when I am studying. steal v /"stI@l/ krást, ukrást The men stole a lot of money from the bank. stranger n /"streIndZ@/ neznámý člověk I opened the door and there was a complete stranger standing there. subway n /"sVbweI/ podzemní dráha, metro You don’t need to cross the road, you can use the subway. suffix n /"sVfIks/ sufix, přípona If you add a suffix to a word, you can sometimes make another word. system n /"sIst@m/ systém The transport system is working well at the moment. timetable n /"taImteIbl/ časový plán, jízdní/ letový řád We have a new timetable each term. title n /"taItl/ titul, oslovení; např. ‘pan’, ‘paní’ What is your title? truth n /tru;T/ pravda Tell me the truth! turn n /t3;n/ řada na kom; např. ‘čekat, až na mě přijde řada’ It’s your turn to try and hit the ball. uncomfortable adj /Vn"kVmft@bl/ nepohodlný The hotel beds were very uncomfortable.

understand v /Vnd@"st&nd/ chápat, rozumět I don’t understand what you are trying to say! unreliable adj /VnrI"laI@bl/ nespolehlivý My car is very unreliable at the moment. waste v /weIst/ plýtvat We should try not to waste food. Westerner n /"west@n@/ obyvatel/obyvatelka Západu He had lived in Europe for so long that he now thought of himself as a Westerner. witness n /"wItn@s/ svědek/svědkyně He was a witness to the killing. work and play idiom /w3;k @nd "pleI/ práce a zábava It is difficult to find a balance in life between work and play.

Unit 9 accompany v /@"kVmp@ni/ provázet, doprovodit He accompanied her on the trip. afford v /@"fO;d/ dovolit si, dopřát si I can’t afford a new car. apartment n /@"pA;tm@nt/ byt, apartmá The apartment was on the top floor of the building. appear v /@"pI@/ vypadat, objevit se He appears a perfectly normal person. appreciate v /@"pri;SieIt/ oceňovat, ocenit, být vděčný I really appreciate all your help with this. author n /"O;T@/ autor/ka The author of this book is unknown. available adj /@"veIl@bl/ dostupný, k dispozici I’m afraid Dr Bone is not available at the moment. banking n /"b&NkIN/ bankovnictví, provozování banky She’s thinking about a career in banking. best seller n /best "sel@/ bestseller, nejvíce kupovaný His first novel was a best seller. bother v /"bQD@/ obtěžovat, rušit zabírat čas, obtěžovat se s čím I’m sorry to bother you but have you got a light? budget n /"bVdZIt/ rozpočet We have a very small budget for our holiday. calculator n /"k&lkj@leIt@/ kalkulačka I can’t work this out without a calculator. camera n /"k&mr@/ fotoaparát, kamera Take a picture with your camera. carry v /"k&ri/ nosit, nést, přinést He carried his heavy suitcase.

château n /"S&t@U/ zámek We have rented a huge château in France for the week. collocation n /kQl@"keISn/ kolokace, slovní spojení Can you give me an example of a collocation with the word ‘success’? column n /"kQl@m/ sloupek, rubrika, část tištěného/psaného materiálu He writes a column for the local newspaper. communist adj /"kQmj@nIst/ komunistický He describes his politics as communist. compete v /k@m"pi;t/ soutěžit, soupeřit, konkurovat Several companies are competing for the work. competitor n /k@m"petIt@/ soupeř/soupeřka, protivník/protivnice, konkurent/konkurentka We produce cheaper goods than our competitor. consumer goods n /k@nsju;m@ "gUdz/ spotřební zboží Examples of consumer goods would be food and clothing. consumption n /k@n"sVmpSn/ spotřeba Gas and coal consumption always increases during the winter. covered adj /"kVv@d/ krytý, se střechou; např. ‘zastřešená plocha’ The stadium had a covered area if people wanted to shelter from the rain. cultural adj /"kVlt@Sr@l/ kulturní There are many cultural differences between the two communities. develop v /dI"vel@p/ vyvíjet se, vyvinout se, rozvíjet se She developed the company from nothing. economics n /i;k@"nQmIks/ ekonomika He studied economics at university. economist n /I"kQn@mIst/ ekonom/ekonomka He now works as an economist. economize v /I"kQn@maIz/ šetřit, hospodařit We will have to economize in some areas. environment n /In"vaIr@m@nt/ prostředí, životní prostředí Children learn better if they are surrounded by a pleasant learning environment. especially adv /Is"peS@li/ zvláště, hlavně I love Rome, especially in the spring. establish v /Is"t&blIS/ založit, zřídit The group was established in 1917. expansion n /Ik"sp&nSn/ expanze, rozšíření The country is experiencing a period of rapid expansion. extend v /Ik"stend/ rozprostírat se, sahat až, 69

rozšířit se Your visa has been extended for another year. financial year n /faIn&nSl "jI@/ finanční rok The financial year ends in April. flat n /fl&t/ byt He wants to buy a flat this year. forecast v /"fO;kA;st/ předpověď The experts are forecasting a very good year. free market n /fri; "mA;kIt/ volný trh She was a supporter of the free market economy. goods n /gUdz/ zboží There are a lot of cheap goods from China at the moment. great adj /greIt/ velký, významný, slavný Dickens was a great writer. grow v /gr@U/ pěstovat We grow our own vegetables. growth n /gr@UT/ růst, nárůst There was a rapid growth in violent crime last year. headline n /"hedlaIn/ titulek, nadpis The headline didn’t give all the details. history n /"hIstri/ historie, dějiny It was an important point in history. home page n /"h@Um peIdZ/ domovská stránka What have you got on your home page? impact n /"Imp&kt/ dopad, vliv, působení na co We have to consider the environmental impact of tourism. in advance idiom /In @d"vA;ns/ předem, dopředu The rent is due one month in advance. in business idiom /In "bIzn@s/ v obchodě, působící na trhu All we need are some orders and then we’ll be in business. in favour idiom /In "feIv@/ pro co, zastáncem čeho He was in favour of the strike. incredibly adv /In"kredIbli/ neuvěřitelně She survived the accident. She was incredibly lucky! industrialization n /IndVstrI@laI"zeISn/ industrializace The country went through a period of industrialization. industrialize v /In"dVstrI@laIz/ industrializovat The south of the country was slow to industrialize. institution n /InstI"tju;Sn/ instituce It is a famous educational institution. invest v /In"vest/ investovat Are you going to invest in that company? investment n /In"vestm@nt/ investice I think you made a very good investment in that company. investor n /In"vest@/ investor He is only a 70

small investor. joint venture n /dZOInt "ventS@/ společný podnik, podnik se společnou majetkovou účastí The joint venture would mean some job losses. labour force n /"leIb@ fO;s/ pracovní síly, ekonomicky aktivní obyvatelstvo The majority of the labour force is unskilled. large-scale adj /"lA;dZ skeIl/ ve velkém měřítku It will involve a large-scale development of the area. lend v /lend/ půjčit Can you lend me some money? lift n /lIft/ odvoz Do you want a lift to the station? manufacturing adj /m&nju"f&ktS@rIN/ výrobní, zpracovatelský Many jobs were lost in the manufacturing industry. mass adj /m&s/ hromadný, masový Their new product is aimed at the mass market. material n /m@"tI@rI@l/ materiál, např. ‘stavební materiály, hmoty’ The cost of building materials has risen dramatically. Mexico n /"meksIk@U/ Mexiko She goes to Mexico at least once a year. mind v /maInd/ vadit, namítat, protestovat Do you mind if I sit here? mirror n /"mIr@/ zrcadlo If you break a mirror, it is unlucky. modernization n /mQd@naI"zeISn/ modernizace The modernization of the hospital has taken much longer than planned. natural adj /"n&tSr@l/ přírodní, nezhotovený člověkem We only sell natural products. not at all idiom /nQt @t "O;l/ vůbec ne, např. ‘Ne, vůbec ne.’ Do you mind if I open the window? No, not at all! not only … but also idiom /nQt "@Unli bVt A;ls@U/ nejen …, ale i … She not only works as a nurse but also as a shop assistant. office block n /"QfIs blQk/ administrativní budova, kancelářská budova The office block is going to be destroyed. on credit idiom /Qn "kredIt/ na úvěr We bought the dishwasher on credit. painting n /"peIntIN/ malba, obraz, malování The painting was worth over $2 million. pattern n /"p&t@n/ vzor, vzorek His sleeping pattern was very irregular.

pick up v /pIk "Vp/ vyzvednout, např. ‘vyzvednout tě na letišti’ I’ll pick you up at the airport. point n /pOInt/ bod, okamžik, chvíle, časový okamžik We were on the point of giving up. pollution n /p@"lu;Sn/ znečištění The pollution in the city centre is getting worse. production n /pr@"dVkSn/ výroba, produkce, proces zhotovování There has been an increase in the level of production in the factory. property developer n /"prQp@ti dIvel@p@/ projektant/ projektantka, stavitel/stavitelka He has decided to become a property developer. pyramid n /"pIr@mId/ pyramida It looked like a pyramid. quarter n /"kwA;t@/ čtvrtina, zlomek His time only improved by a quarter of a second. quite something idiom /kwaIt "sVmTIN/

je, bezesporu It sure is quiet out there tonight. temple n /"templ/ chrám, svatyně We visited lots of temples in Sri Lanka. text n /tekst/ text The text was very difficult to understand. today n /t@"deI/ dnešek Today is my birthday! unhappy adj /Vn"h&pi/ nešťastný What’s the matter? You look very unhappy. valuable adj /"v&ljU@bl/ hodnotný, cenný It was an extremely valuable ring. win v /wIn/ vyhrát, získat The company has won a very big contract. windscreen n /"wInskri;n/ přední okno, čelní sklo vozidla She had to clean the windscreen before she could drive off. worry n /"wVri/ trápení, starosti You should discuss your worries with someone who might be able to help.

opravdu něco that’s quite something = to už tedy něco znamená It’s quite something to have Unit 10

a good job at all these days. rapid adj /"r&pId/ rychlý They are going through a period of rapid growth. rapidly adv /"r&pIdli/ rychle Crime figures are rising rapidly. recently adv /"ri;s@ntli/ nedávno, v poslední době I haven’t seen them recently. report n /rI"pO;t/ zpráva She was able to give a progress report. right adj /raIt/ správný, přijatelný, OK John’s here! Oh, right! shopping mall n /"SQpIN mO;l/ velké nákupní centrum The best place to go is the shopping mall. software n /"SQftwe@/ software His software had a virus. spend v /spend/ utrácet, utratit peníze, trávit, strávit čas I’ve spent too much money this week. standard of living n /st&nd@d @v "lIvIN/ životní úroveň They have a better standard of living in Spain. steel n /stI@l/ ocel It’s made of steel. style n /staIl/ styl, konkrétní vzhled, design We stock a wide range of styles. suburb n /"sVb3;b/ předměstí He lives in the suburbs of the city. sure is idiom /SO; "Iz/ to určitě, opravdu to tak

ability n /@"bIl@ti/ schopnost, dovednost He had remarkable abilities. according to idiom /@"kO;dIN tu;/ podle čeho, v souladu s Everything went according to plan. adventure n /@d"ventS@/ dobrodružství She went to Africa looking for adventure. advisable adj /@d"vaIz@bl/ vhodný, hodný doporučení It is advisable to book early. age v /eIdZ/ stárnout, zestárnout I couldn’t believe how much she had aged. agriculture n /"&grIkVltS@/ zemědělství The number of people employed in agriculture has fallen. antibiotic n /&nti;baI"QtIk/ antibiotikum You need some antibiotics for that infection. at risk idiom /@t rIsk, &t rIsk/ v nebezpečí, v ohrožení Old and young people are at risk of this illness. atom-bomb n /"&t@m bQm/ atomová bomba The atom-bomb exploded. balance n /"b&l@ns/ rovnováha, bilance You should check your bank balance. behind prep /bI"haInd/ za There was a small river running behind their house. believe v /bI"li;v/ věřit Do you believe me? beside prep /bI"saId/ vedle He sat beside 71

her all night. between prep /bI"twi;n/ mezi dvěma I sat down between Sarah and Sally. bin n /bIn/ odpadkový koš Put your rubbish in the bin! birth rate n /"b3;T reIt/ porodnost The birth rate in Europe is declining. canoeing n /k@"nu;IN/ kanoistika They went canoeing along the river. capital n /"k&pItl/ hlavní město What’s the capital of Poland? centenarian n /sent@"ne@rI@n/ člověk, kterému je sto a více let There are more people becoming centenarians nowadays. chip n /tSIp/ lupínek, např. ‘chipsy, brambůrky, bramborové lupínky’ Would you like some chips? coastal adj /"k@Ustl/ pobřežní We went for a coastal walk. coffee machine n /"kQfi m@Si;n/ kávovar There is a coffee machine next to the lift. computer n /k@mpju;t@/ počítač Where do you keep your computer? content n /"kQntent/ obsah, náplň The content of the document was a secret. contraceptive pill n /kQntr@"septIv pIl/ antikoncepční pilulka The contraceptive pill has recently become more easily available in the UK. cost of living n /kQst @v "lIvIN/ životní náklady The cost of living is increasing. desk n /desk/ psací stůl His desk was very untidy. developed country n /dI"vel@pt kVntri/ rozvinutá země Some countries have been trying to provide financial aid to less developed countries. developing country n /dI"vel@pIN kVntri/ rozvojová země Some illnesses associated with stress do not occur in developing countries. diagram n /"daI@gr&m/ diagram, schéma, grafické znázornění The results are shown in diagram 2. dining car n /"daInIN kA;/ jídelní vůz Is there a dining car on this train? disease n /dI"zi;z/ nemoc The disease is very difficult to cure at the moment. emission n /I"mISn/ emise The emission of carbon dioxide into the environment is causing 72

many problems. enquiry n /In"kwaI@ri/ poptávka, dotaz A public enquiry was held into the proposal. essential adj /I"senSl/ nezbytný, nutný Experience is essential for this job. exist v /Ig"zIst/ existovat Does life exist on other planets? factor n /"f&kt@/ faktor, činitel, okolnost The result will depend on a number of factors. female n /"fi;meIl/ žena More females than males are employed. filing cabinet n /"faIlIN k&bIn@t/ kartotéka, skříň na spisy Can you please put this away in the filing cabinet? fit adj /fIt/ fit, zdravý He is very fit from all the running he does. forest n /"fQrIst/ les They went for a drive through the forest. free adj /fri;/ svobodný, volný, neomezený; mající povoleno jít/dělat, co chce A true democracy means free speech. gas n /g&s/ plyn There was a smell of gas. global warming n /gl@Ubl "wO;mIN/ globální oteplování Global warming is a worldwide problem. habitable adj /"h&bIt@bl/ obyvatelný The island is habitable. habitat n /"h&bIt&t/ přirozené prostředí, lokalita výskytu zvěře apod. The panda’s natural habitat is the bamboo forest. healthcare n /"helTke@/ zdravotní péče Healthcare is an important issue for people. holidaymaker n /"hQlIdeImeIk@/ rekreant/

rekreantka, prázdninový/prázdninová, návštěvník/ návštěvnice The plane was full of holidaymakers. ice n /aIs/ led The ice was very dangerous. impossible adj /Im"pQs@bl/ nemožný, neuskutečnitelný, nereálný It was impossible to see the road. in front of prep /In "frVnt @v/ před kým, čím The car was parked in front of the house. individual n /IndI"vIdZU@l/ jedinec, jednotlivec, osoba We spoke to each individual. industry n /"Ind@stri/ průmysl She got a job in the tourist industry. infectious adj /In"fekS@s/ nakažlivý, infekční Flu is very infectious.

involve v /In"vQlv/ zahrnovat, obsahovat The job involves a lot of travelling. keyboard n /"ki;bO;d/ klávesnice He played keyboard in the band. lamp n /l&mp/ lampa The lamp is too bright. level n /"levl/ úroveň, hladina Profits were at the same level as the year before. life expectancy n /"laIf Ikspekt@nsi/ předpokládaná průměrná délka života Life expectancy is increasing. lifetime n /"laIftaIm/ život, doba existence, životnost His books were not published in his lifetime. limit v /"lImIt/ omezi, limitovat They had to limit the amount of imports. location n /l@U"keISn/ umístění, poloha The location of the new building was a secret. look up v /lUk "Vp/ vyhledat, najít, vyhledat v příručce/informačním zdroji I don’t know the answer. I’ll have to look it up! maintain v /meIn"teIn/ udržovat, zachovávat The two countries have always maintained close relations. mat n /m&t/ rohožka Wipe your feet on the mat before you come in! medicine n /medIs@n/ lék, léčivo Did you take your medicine? medicine n /medIs@n/ lékařství, medicína, lékařská věda People would like to try alternative medicine. melt v /melt/ tát, roztát The ice eventually melted. mouse n /maUs/ myš (součast počítače) The mouse wouldn’t move very easily. next to prep /"nekst t@, "nekst tu;/ vedle, u Put it down next to the book. note down v /n@Ut "daUn/ zapsat si, zaznamenat He noted everything down in his diary. object n /"QbdZekt/ předmět She took lots of everyday objects with her. on the left of prep /Qn D@ "left @v/ nalevo od Paul is sitting on the left of Isobel. on the right of prep /Qn D@ "raIt @v/ napravo od Isobel is sitting on the right of Paul. over prep /"@Uv@/ v průběhu, během čeho We’ll discuss it over lunch.

personal organizer n /p3s@n@l "O;g@naIz@/ plánovač, záznamník, organizér I write everything down in my personal organizer. photocopier n /"f@Ut@UkQpI@/ kopírka The photocopier has broken down again. planet n /"pl&nIt/ planeta The planet is getting smaller and smaller. policy n /"pQl@si/ politika The new policy is being discussed. predict v /pr@"dIkt/ předpovídat, předpovědět Who do you predict will be the next leader of the country? prediction n /pr@"dIkS@n/ předpověď, proroctví Your prediction was incorrect. present adj /"prez@nt/ současný, přítomný The present situation is very difficult. printer n /"prInt@/ tiskárna (součast počítače) The printer is jamming. privileged adj /"prIv@lIdZd/ privilegovaný He came from a very privileged background. productive adj /pr@"dVktIv/ produktivní, výkonný The meeting was very productive. profit n /"prQfIt/ zisk, výdělek, profit The company made a lot of profit last year. promotion n /pr@"m@USn/ povýšení, získání důležitější práce I’m going to try for that promotion. public n /"pVblIk/ veřejnost The public were going to be very difficult to win over. recipe n /"res@pi/ recept, návod The recipe was very easy to follow. refer v /rI"f3;/ odvolávat se na něco, odkazovat na, vztahovat se k čemu Who are you referring to? religion n /rI"lIdZ@n/ náboženství Do you study religion in schools in your country? remarkable adj /rI"mA;k@bl/ pozoruhodný, stojící za povšimnutí She is a remarkable young woman. resource n /rI"sO;s/ zdroj We don’t have the necessary resources to do this job. responsibility n /rIspQns@"bIl@ti/ zodpovědnost It is not my responsibility to do this. rich adj /rItS/ bohatý, majetný He is a very rich man. rise v /raIz/ zvednout se, stoupat Prices rose after the news was announced. rock climbing n /"rQk klaImIN/ horolezectví, 73

lezení po skalách Rock climbing can be quite

Unit 11

dangerous. sanitation n /s&nI"teISn/ hygiena, hygienická zařízení The spread of the disease resulted from the lack of sanitation. scientist n /"saI@ntIst/ vědec/vědkyně He’s working as a research scientist. seawater n /"si;wO;t@/ mořská voda Be careful not to drink any seawater! see v /si;/ chápat, rozumět I see what you mean. social security n /s@US@l sI"kju;rIti/ sociální zabezpečení Some people have to live off social security. society n /s@"saI@ti/ společnost It is a problem in all areas of society. species n /"spi;Si;z/ druh, třída živočichů They discovered a rare species. spectacle n /"spekt@kl/ podívaná, výhled, působivá podívaná The fireworks were a fantastic spectacle. study n /"stVdi/ studie, výzkumná práce, součást výzkumu A detailed study was done by the company. take action idiom /teIk "&kSn/ jednat, podniknout kroky As soon as we get his decision, we’ll take action. tax n /t&ks/ daň How much tax do I have to pay? temperature n /"temprItS@/ teplota The temperature dropped to freezing during the night. transfer n /"tr&nsf3;/ převod, přesun, převedení He asked for a transfer to a different department within the company. triple v /"trIpl/ ztrojnásobit se You could triple your money on that investment. underground adj /"Vnd@graUnd/ podzemní There are many underground caves. wheel n /wI@l/ kolo The wheel fell off his bike. whitewater rafting n /waItwO;t@ "rA;ftIN/ rafting v divoké vodě We went whitewater rafting in Australia. wildlife n /"waIldlaIf/ divoká zvěř The natural habitat of the wildlife would be in danger. worried adj /"wVrid/ znepokojený, utrápený, ustaraný She was very worried about her exam results. year planner n /"jI@ pl&n@/ plánovací kalendář na celý rok Have you filled in your year planner?

achieve v /@"tSi;v/ dosáhnout He had finally achieved success. administrative adj /@d"mInIstr@tIv/ administrativní He had an administrative job in the company. all expenses paid idiom /O;l IkspensIz "peId/ všechny výdaje uhrazeny He’s going on an all expenses paid trip to America. arcade n /A;"keId/ pasáž, podloubí The arcade was full of beautiful small shops. audience n /"O;dI@ns/ obecenstvo, publikum The audience clapped at the end of the show. bicycle n /"baIsIkl/ jízdní kolo He rode his bicycle to work. bike n /baIk/ jízdní kolo (hov.) I usually go to work by bike. business park n /"bIznIs pA;k/ obchodní zóna His company is moving to the new business part. butcher n /"bUtS@/ řezník I’m going to buy some chicken at the butcher’s. catch v /k&tS/ chytit, zachytit, postřehnout, slyšet I didn’t catch your name. category n /"k&t@gri/ kategorie, skupina, třída The results can be divided into three different categories. change v /tSeIndZ/ změnit se, měnit se, vyměnit Is there anything you would like to change in your life? charge v /tSA;dZ/ účtovat si How much do you charge for one hour? commuter n /k@"mju;t@/ dojíždějící The five o’clock train is always full of commuters. compare v /k@m"pe@/ porovnat, srovnat You need to compare the differences before you decide. congestion n /k@n"dZestS@n/ ucpání, dopravní zácpa The traffic congestion was becoming a serious problem. continent n /"kQntIn@nt/ světadíl, kontinent How many continents are there? contraction n /k@n"tr&kS@n/ staženina, stažený tvar slova ‘I’ll’ is a contraction of ‘I will’. cover v /"kVv@/ zahrnovat, pokrývat, obsahovat The price covers all your meals. crime n /kraIm/ zločin The government is

74

continuing the fight against crime. cycle v /"saIkl/ jezdit/jet na kole He cycles to work. cyclist n /"saIklIst/ cyklista/cyklistka He is a professional cyclist. dull adj /dVl/ nezajímavý, hloupý, nudný The countryside was dull and uninteresting. elegant adj /"elIg@nt/ elegantní She was wearing a very elegant dress. encourage v /In"kVrIdZ/ povzbuzovat, podporovat, povzbudit You should encourage him to try harder. everywhere adv /"evri;we@/ všude He follows me everywhere. except prep /Ik"sept/ kromě, až na We work every day except Sunday. express v /Ik"spres/ vyjádřit se, vyslovit He expressed his concerns about the project. financial adj /faI"n&nSl/ finanční He works in the financial sector. free adj /fri;/ bezplatný, volný, zdarma, zadarmo, bez poplatku The newspaper is free. geography n /"dZQgr@fi/ zeměpis, geografie She always wanted to be a geography teacher. get around v /get @"raUnd/ cestovat, např. po městě She gets around with the help of a stick. get married v /get "m&ri;d/ uzavřít manželství, vdát se, oženit se They’re getting married this Saturday. golf course n /"gQlf kO;s/ golfové hřiště It took them four hours to get round the golf course. headquarters n /hed"kwO;t@z/ sídlo, ústředí, centrála It is the headquarters of the entire company. ice-skating n /"aIs skeItIN/ bruslení She broke her leg when she went ice-skating for the first time. imaginary adj /I"m&dZInri/ imaginární, pomyslný, fiktivní I had an imaginary friend when I was a child. impressive adj /Im"presIv/ působivý, úchvatný She was very impressive in the interview. integrate v /"IntIgreIt/ začlenit, integrovat They need to integrate into the local community. jog v /dZQg/ běhat rekreačně pro zdraví (forma cvičení) He jogs 3 kilometres a day. lane n /leIn/ trasa, pruh; vyznačená část cesty, silnice She pulled out into the fast lane to overtake.

light rail n /laIt "reIl/ lehká městská kolejová doprava The city needed a larger light rail system. lively adj /"laIvli/ živý, čilý, rušný Her eyes were bright and lively. matter v /"m&t@/ mít význam, záležet It doesn’t matter to me what you do. mention v /"menS@n/ zmínit se Don’t mention her name! metro n /"metr@U/ metro, podzemní dráha The metro is the quickest way to get around in the city. modern adj /mQd@n/ moderní She lives in a very modern flat. motorist n /"m@ut@rIst/ motorista/motoristka, řidič/řidička motorového vozidla The motorist called the police. multinational adj /mVlti;"n&Snl/ mnohonárodní, nadnárodní It is now a multinational company. off work idiom /Qf "w3;k/ mimo práci, mající volno She’s off work at the moment as she is ill. overall adj /@Uv@r"O;l/ celkový, souhrnný There has been an overall improvement in his standard of work. overcrowded adj /@Uv@"kraUdId/ přeplněný, přecpaný, přelidněný The train was very overcrowded this morning. panel n /"p&nl/ tým, skupina, komise; např. ‘panelová, tj. vícestranná diskuse’ The interview panel chose John for the position. park v /pA;k/ parkovat, zaparkovat You can park here. parliament n /"pA;l@m@nt/ parlament The laws are made by parliament. per prep /p3;, p@/ za při udávání poměru, pro jednotku času, např. ‘aut na osobu’ There is only one per person. pharmaceutical adj /fA;m@"su;tIkl/ farmaceutický She is a sales representative for a pharmaceutical company. poor adj /pU@, pO;/ ubohý, chatrný, špatný, nedobrý It was a very poor performance. rather than prep /"r&D@ D&n, "rA;D@ D@n/ raději než, spíše než I’ll have a cold drink rather than a coffee. responsible adj /rIs"pQns@bl/ zodpovědný, 75

mající povinnost Steve is responsible for the

Unit 12

entire project. result n /rI"zVlt/ výsledek, důsledek The results didn’t tell us anything that we didn’t already know. safe adj /seIf/ bezpečný She didn’t feel safe in her own home. Scandinavia n /sk&ndI"neIvI@/ Skandinávie Scandinavia is made up of a number of countries including Sweden and Norway. scheme n /ski;m/ plán, program They have introduced a training scheme for young people. season n /"si;z@n/ roční období, např. jaro, léto My favourite season is spring. service industry n /"s3;vIs Ind@stri;/ odvětví služeb Their company would come under the service industry. share v /Se@/ sdílet, podílet se, podělit se She shares a house with three other girls. single adj /sINgl/ jediný, jednotlivý; např She is single at the moment. solve v /sQlv/ řešit, vyřešit It took hours to solve the puzzle. staff n /stA;f/ zaměstnanci, personál The staff was allowed to leave early. stomach n /"stVm@k/ žaludek She had a problem with her stomach. the same to you idiom /D@ seIm t@ "ju;/ to stejné tobě, tobě taky ‘Happy Christmas!’ ‘The same to you!’ tourism n /"tU@rIzm, "tO;rIzm/ turistika, cestování Tourism is the country’s main industry. traffic jam n /"tr&fIk dZ&m/ dopravní zácpa He was late because of the traffic jam. tram n /tr&m/ tramvaj They are introducing trams to some cities. treaty n /"tri;ti/ smlouva, dohoda, úmluva The treaty was signed by all the countries. unpopular adj /Vn"pQpj@l@/ nepopulární, neoblíbený His actions made him very unpopular. unnecessary adj /Vn"nes@seri/ zbytečný, nepotřebný All of this is totally unnecessary. unreal adj /Vn"rI@l/ neskutečný, nereálný I think your expectations are unreal. wood n /wUd/ les Let’s go and have a picnic in the woods.

accident n /"&ksId@nt/ nehoda He had an accident in his car. amphora n / "&mf@r@/ amfora An amphora is a Greek or Roman container. amusing adj /@"mju;zIN/ zábavný His story was very amusing. ancient adj /eInSnt/ antický, starověký, starobylý The city centre was full of ancient monuments. anger n /"&Ng@/ hněv, zlost, vztek He was unable to control his anger. Asian adj /eIZn/ asijský I love Asian food. assemble v /@"sembl/ shromáždit, sestavit, dát dohromady We have to assemble the bed ourselves. be off idiom /bi; "Qf/ jít, běžet; např. I’m off! boil v /bOIl/ vařit se, být ve varu, vřít Boil the pasta for about 10 minutes. bottle n /bQtl/ láhev The bottle was empty. by hand idiom /baI "h&nd/ ručně The letter was delivered by hand. camel n /"k&ml/ velbloud They made the journey on a camel. campaign n /k&m"peIn/ kampaň She has been involved with the campaign for many years. careful adj /"ke@fl/ pečlivý, opatrný, důkladný, pozorný Be careful when you cross the road! cartoon n /kA;"tu;n/ kreslený film, kreslený seriál např. v novinách The cartoon in the magazine was very funny. catch fire idiom /k&tS "faI@/ chytnout, vzplanout, vznítit se Don’t go near the fire or your jumper may catch fire! catch v /k&tS/ chytnout, chytit; např. ‘chytit vlak’ Which train are you catching? cause n /kO;z/ příčina, důvod The bad weather was the cause of the accident. Central America n /sentr@l @"merIk@/ Střední Amerika Costa Rica is a country in Central America. chemist n /"kemIst/ chemik, lékárník/ lékárnice He works as a chemist. client n /"klaI@nt/ klient/klientka, zákazník/ zákaznice She is one of our most important

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clients. cloud n /klaUd/ oblak, mrak Look at the clouds! I think it’s going to rain. collect v /k@"lekt/ sbírat, sesbírat Can you collect my watch while you are there? commerce n /"kQm3;s/ obchod He was engaged in commerce. commercial adj /k@"m3;Sl/ obchodní, komerční She is developing the commercial side of the company. controlled adj /k@n"tr@Uld/ řízený, regulovaný He has to live in a very controlled environment. cork n /kO;k/ korkon, uzávěr The cork flew out of the bottle and hit the wall. current affairs n /kVr@nt @"fe@z/ nejnovější, poslední události He tries to keep up-to-date with current affairs. danger n /"deIndZ@/ nebezpečí Some animals are in danger of dying out. discovery n /dIs"kVv@ri/ objev, objevení They have made an important discovery in this field. driving n /"draIvIN/ řízení auta apod. Her driving is terrible. dry v /draI/ sušit se, osušit, schnout Where can I dry my boots? economical adj /i;k@"nQmIkl/ úsporný, hospodárný It is more economical to buy the bigger size. engine n /"endZIn/ motor The engine just stopped. enjoyable adj /In"dZOI@bl/ příjemný, radostný, přinášející radost We had a very enjoyable evening. entirely adv /In"taI@li/ úplně, naprosto, zcela I entirely agree with you. every … years idiom /evri "jI@z/ každých … let I try to visit my daughter in Australia every two years. fashion n /"f&Sn/ móda Do you try to keep up with the current fashion? get together v /get t@"geD@/ setkat se, sejít se; např. ‘všichni se scházejí’ We must get together for a drink sometime. goat n /g@Ut/ koza, kozel She kept a goat on her farm.

graduate n /"gr&dZ"U@t/ absolvent/ absolventka She is a science graduate. harmful adj /"hA;mf@l/ škodlivý Drinking too much coffee can be harmful to your health. heat v /hi;t/ hřát, ohřívat, rozehřát The fire heated the room. herbicide n /"h3;bIsaId/ herbicid, přípravek na hubení plevele Some farmers don’t like to use herbicides. hi-tech adj /haI "tek/ hi-tech, vyrobený podle nejnovějších technologií His flat was very hi-tech. hopeful adj /"h@Upfl/ nadějný, slibný, plný naděje She is very hopeful of finding somewhere to live soon. hospitality n /hQspI"t&lIti/ pohostinnost Thank you for your hospitality! hug n /hVg/ objetí I gave her a hug. hunger n /"hVNg@/ hlad Around a hundred people die every day from hunger in the area. impress v /Im"pres/ zapůsobit, působit dojmem You must try and impress them at the interview. including prep /In"klu;dIN/ včetně It is $20 per night including breakfast. insulation n /Insj@"leISn/ izolace The house needed insulation in the roof. invent v /In"vent/ vynalézt Who invented the telephone? knowledge n /"nQlIdZ/ znalosti, vědomosti He has a wide knowledge on this topic. knowledgeable adj /"nQlIdZ@bl/ dobře informovaný, erudovaný She is very knowledgeable about gardening. latex n /"leIteks/ latex Her dress was made of latex. law n /lO;/ právo, zákon The new law says that you can’t smoke in public places. liquid n /"lIkwId/ tekutina, kapalina They poured the liquid into the glass. lose v /lu;z/ ztratit I’ve lost my bag! machine n /m@"Si;n/ stroj The machine didn’t accept my money. mackintosh n /"m&kIntQS/ nepromokavý plášť, plášť do deště She was wearing a traditional mackintosh. mark v /mA;k/ značit, označit, dát 77

známku Prices are marked on the products. monk n /mVNk/ mnich The monk was praying silently. noise n /nOIz/ hluk, rámus, zvuk There was no noise in the room. oak n /@Uk/ dub The oak fell down due to the bad wind. on the increase idiom /Qn Di "Inkri;s/ na vzestupu, mající vzestupnou tendenci Violent crime is on the increase. painful adj /"peInfl/ bolavý, bolestný,

is finally here I can wear my sandals. smoking n /"sm@UkIN/ kouření Smoking in pubs is forbidden. sparkling wine n /spA;klIN "waIn/ šumivé víno Some sparkling wine is as good as champagne. stage n /steIdZ/ fáze, etapa, bod ve vývoji The product is in the early stages of development. stopper n /"stQp@/ zátka, uzávěr She put the stopper into the bottle. store v /stO;/ skladovat, uskladnit You can nepříjemný store tins of food for many years. Her arm was very painful after her fall. strange adj /streIndZ/ zvláštní, divný, paint v /peInt/ malovat, namalovat, neznámý, cizí She gave me a very strange nabarvit She was learning to paint. petroleum n /p@"tr@UlI@m/ ropa, nafta They look. strictly business idiom /strIktli had to go very deep under the ground to find "bIzn@s/ výhradně obchodně Our relationship the petroleum. plastic n /"pl&stIk/ umělá hmota, plast The is strictly business. strip n /strIp/ pruh, pás Cut the piece of cup was made of plastic. port wine n /pO;t "waIn/ portské víno It is paper into strips. nice to have a glass of port wine at the end of a supermarket n /"su;p@ mA;kIt/ supermarket They have opened a new meal. process n, v /"pr@Uses/ proces, zpracování; supermarket. zpracovat It was a long and difficult process. / supplier n /s@"plaI@/ dodavatel They are our biggest supplier. Most of the food we buy today is processed. synthetic adj /sIn"TetIk/ syntetický, raincoat n /"reInk@Ut/ plášť/kabát do umělý Her shoes were actually synthetic. deště Her raincoat kept her dry. remove v /rI"mu;v/ odstranit I asked him to totally adj /"t@Ut@li/ úplně, naprosto I’m still not totally sure. remove his things immediately. trade n /treId/ obchod Trade between the rent out v /rent "aUt/ pronajmout dům apod. We’re going to rent out our house while two countries has increased. treatment n /"tri;tm@nt/ péče, ošetření; we are away. replace v /rI"pleIs/ nahradit, vyměnit What např. ‘kosmetické ošetření’ I go for regular treatments at the salon. can we replace it with? tyre n /"taI@/ pneumatika The tyre burst. risk n /rIsk/ riziko The risk of catching the unusual adj /Vn"ju;Zu@l/ neobvyklý, disease was greatly increased. nezvyklý, zvláštní She had a very unusual rocket n /"rQkIt/ raketa The rocket rose accent. quickly into the sky. vulcanization n /vVlk@ roof n /ru;f/ střecha The roof needed to be naI"zeISn/ vulkanizace Due to the process of completely replaced. vulcanization, the material was much stronger. rub out v /rVb "aUt/ vymazat, waterproof adj /"wO;t@ vygumovat She rubbed out her name. pru;f/ nepromokavý Her jacket was rubber n /"rVb@/ pryž, guma The ball is waterproof. made of rubber. sandal n /"s&ndl/ sandál Now that summer 78

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INTERNATIONAL

EXPRESS

WO RKI NG TRAVEL L I NG S O C IAL I Z I NG

Czech Companion Slovníček a přehled mluvnice v češtine Pre-Intermediate

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