DEBRECENI EGYETEM AGRÁRTUDOMÁNYI CENTRUM MEZŐGAZDASÁGTUDOMÁNYI KAR
MEGHÍVÓ
GÉNMEGŐRZÉS ÉS HAGYOMÁNYOS ÁLLATFAJTÁINK TERMÉKEI A KÁRPÁTMEDENCÉBEN GENE CONSERVATION AND TRADITIONAL ANIMAL BREEDS’ PRODUCTS IN CARPATIAN BASIN
DEBRECEN 2006. szeptember 01-02.
2 DEBRECENI EGYETEM AGRÁRTUDOMÁNYI CENTRUM MEZŐGAZDASÁGTUDOMÁNYI KAR ÁLLATTENYÉSZTÉSTUDOMÁNYI TANSZÉK az ÁLLATTENYÉSZTÉS OKTATÁSÁÉRT ALAPÍTVÁNY a V-TRADE KIÁLLÍTÁSOK KFT. a DAB ÁLLATTENYÉSZTÉSI MUNKABIZOTTSÁGA és a DAGENE (Dunamenti Országok Génmegőrző Egyesülete) tisztelettel meghívja Önt és munkatársait a XV. Nemzetközi FARMER EXPO ideje alatt „GÉNMEGŐRZÉS ÉS HAGYOMÁNYOS ÁLLATFAJTÁINK TERMÉKEI A KÁRPÁT-MENDENCÉBEN” címmel megrendezésre kerülő konferenciára
A tanácskozás helye: Debreceni Egyetem Agrártudományi Centrum 4032 Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138. 2. előadó Ideje:
2006. szeptember 01-02.
3 A TUDOMÁNYOS ÜLÉS PROGRAMJA THE PROGRAM OF THE SCIENTIFIC SESSION
September 02. 2006.
September 01. 2006.
09.00
10.00 11.00
DAGENE elnökségi ülés DAGENE session Állattenyésztéstudományi Tanszék, Tormay-terem (I.em. 128.) Department of Animal Husbandry, Tormay-room (I. floor 128.) DAGENE közgyűlés (6. előadó (fszt.)) DAGENE general meeting 6. auditorium (downstairs) Kiállítás megtekintése Viewing the exhibition EBÉDSZÜNET / LUNCH BREAK
14.00
Tudományos ülés (2. előadó (fszt.)) Scientific session (2. auditorium (downstrairs)) Ausztria, Szlovénia, Horvátország, Szerbia, Románia, Ukrajna, Szlovákia génmegőrző tevékenységéről The gene preservation work of Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Ukraine, Slovakia
09.00
Tudományos ülés folytatása (2. előadó (fszt.)) Contiuing the scientific session (2. auditorium (downstrairs)) Magyar előadások Hungarian presentations EBÉDSZÜNET / LUNCH BREAK
14.00
A Hortobágyi Nemzeti Park védett állományainak megtekintése a DAGENE tagok részvételével Viewing the protected live-stocks of Hortobágy National Park with DAGENE members
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SZEKCIÓÜLÉSEK 2006. szeptember 01. Levezető elnök: Dr. Dr. h.c. Bodó Imre egyetemi tanár 14.00
MEGNYITÓ Dr. Ertsey Imre, egyetemi tanár, centrumelnök
14.10
A veszélyeztetett osztrák kecskefajták genetikai különállósága molekuláris genetikai markerek alapján Genetic differentiation of endangered Austrian goat breeds using molecular genetic markers Franz Fischerleitner - Roswitha Baumung, Ausztria Vita / Debate
14.40
Génmegőrzés és a hagyományos állatfajták termékei Szlovéniában Gene conservation and products of traditional domestic breeds in Slovenia Franc Habe - Drgo Kompan, Szlovénia Vita /Debate
15.10
Génmegőrzés és a hagyományos állatfajták termékei Horvátországban Gene conservation and products of traditional animal breeds in Croatia Ante Ivanković – P. Caput – Nikolina Kelava – M. Konjačić - Jelena Ramljak, Horvátország Vita / Debate
15.40
A hagyományos háziállatfajták helyzete és termékei Szerbiában Conservation of domestic animal breeds and their products in Serbia Srdjan Stojanovic, Szerbia Vita / Debate
16.10-16.30
SZÜNET / BREAK
5 16.30
A hagyományos fajták védelme és termékei Romániában Protection of traditional domestic animal breeds and their products in Romania Campeánu Adrian – Nagy Sándor, Románia Vita / Debate
17.00
A kárpáti borzderes génmegőrzése és termékei Ukrajnában Gene conservation and products of Carpathian Brown Vieh in Ukraine Oroszi József, Kárpátalja Vita / Debate
17.30
A szarvasmarha sokfélesége Szlovákiában és a szlovák pinzgaui fajta ökonómiai értéke Cattle breed diversity in Slovakia and the economical importance of the Slovakian Pinzgau cattle Oravcová Marta – Huba Ján –Hetényi Ladislav – Dano Jozef – Krupová Zuzana, Szlovákia Vita / Debate
19.00-22.00
SZAKEMBER TALÁLKOZÓ / RECEPTION
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2006. szeptember 02. Levezető elnök: Dr. Mihók Sándor, egyetemi tanár 09.00
A magyar szürke értékei a termékelőállításban Values of Hungarian Grey cattle in production Bodó Imre, elnök, Magyar Szürke Szarvasmarhát Tenyésztők Egyesülete, Budapest Vita / Debate
09.30
Génmegőrzés a magyar lófajtáknál, használatuk a változó értékrendben Gene conservation of Hungarian horse breeds and their use in changing conditions Mihók Sándor, egyetemi tanár, DE ATC Vita / Debate
10.00
A modern- és az alternatív sertésfajták hús- és zsírsavösszetétele Fatty acid and meat composition of modern and alternative pig breeds Szabó Péter, egyetemi adjunktus, DE ATC Vita / Debate
10.30
Az őshonos állatfajták megőrzése Magyarországon Preservation of traditional domestic animal breeds in Hungary Radnóczi László, osztályvezető, OMMI Vita / Debate
11.00-11.30
SZÜNET /BREAK
11.30
Őshonos állatok húsának jellemzői Characteristics of traditional animals’ meat Zelenák Levente – Vadáné Dr. Kovács Mária – Nagy Sándorné, OHKI Kht. Vita / Debate
7 12.00
Húskészítmények őshonos állatok húsából Meat products out of traditional breeds Vadáné Dr. Kovács Mária – Zelenák Levente – Nagy Sándorné, OHKI Kht. Vita / Debate
12.30
A magyar baromfifajták molekuláris genetikai sajátosságai Molecular genetic traits of Hungarian poultry breeds Hidas András, tudományos főmunkatárs, ÁTK Vita / Debate
13.00
A hagyományos fajták területhasználata a természetvédelemben Field use of traditional breeds in nature reservation Sándor István, osztályvezető, FVM Vita / Debate
13.30
Zárszó – Mihók Sándor Final words
POSZTER / POSTER Az ökogazdálkodó farmerek szerepe a veszélyeztetett ritka háziállatfajták megmentésében Ausztriában The role of organic farmers in saving the endangered rare domestic animal breeds in Austria Franz Fischerleitner, Ausztria
8 Részvétellel kapcsolatos tájékoztató Részvételi díj:
15.000 Ft
A részvételi díj tartalmazza: ■ a tanácskozáson való részvételt, ■ a génmegőrzésről készült kiadványt, ■ a Farmer Expo-ra szóló belépőt, ■ a szakember találkozón való részvételt, ■ a tanácskozás szünetében üdítő és kávé fogyasztást.
A szállás költségeit a vendégek maguk finanszírozzák, de a V-Trade Kiállítások Kft. előzetes jelentkezések alapján a Campus Hotel-ben szállást foglal. A szállás visszaigazolása a mellékelt jelentkezési lapon (postán, vagy az 52/486-285-ös fax számon) legkésőbb augusztus 20-ig. Szállás lehetőség:
Campus Hotel*** 4028 Debrecen, Kassai út 26. ára: 12.500.-Ft/szoba (2 ágyas, légkondicionált) (2 éjszaka: aug. 31. és szept. 01.)
A részvételi díj fizetése: •
a mellékelt csekken, vagy átutalással az „Az Állattenyésztés Oktatásáért” Alapítvány OTP Bank Rt-nél vezetett 1173800820708140-00000000 sz. számlájára, az átutalási közlemény részében az „Őshonos tanácskozás” feltüntetésével.
A befizetésekről kérés esetén számlát adunk, mely a regisztráción vehető át, illetve postázásra kerül. Ha további információra van szüksége érdeklődhet az 52/508-433-as telefonszámon, vagy a
[email protected] e-mail címen.
Genetic differentiation of endangered Austrian goat breeds using molecular genetic markers F. FISCHERLEITNER 1 and R. BAUMUNG 2 1
Institute of organic farming and farm animal biodiversity, Wels HBLFA Raumberg-Gumpenstein 2 Department of sustainable agricultural systems BOKU, Vienna
Conservation of old varieties and breeds as a part of Austrian agro-biodiversity has been an issue in the Austrian Program for Ecological and Sustainable Agriculture (ÖPUL) since 1997. In 2007 a new program (RD – Rural Development 2007) will be launched. This program will last until 2013. According to the Council Regulation (EC)1257/1999 the program for conservation of genetic resources is co-financed by the EC.
The conservation of Austrian rare endangered breeds – currently 27 breeds (Table 1) and probably 30 breeds in the program RD 2007 – 2013 – is linked to a special Austrian gene conservation program. Official acknowledgement as an endangered breed, registration in a herdbook and the participation in the gene conservation program are essential basics for supporting conservation actions.
Endangered livestock breeds in Austria Endangered breeds
Gefährdete Rassen
Cattle The Original Austrian Brown Cattle The Original Pinzgau Cattle The Tyrolean Grey Cattle The Waldviertel Blond Cattle The Carinthian Blond Cattle The Tux-Zillertal Cattle The Pustertal Spotted Cattle The Murboden Cattle The Ennstal Pied Cattle
Rinder
Sheep The Carinthian Brillen Sheep The Brown Mountain Sheep The Tyrolean Stone Sheep The Krainer Stone Sheep The Forest Sheep The Alpine Stone Sheep The Montafon Stone Sheep The Hungarian Racka Sheep Goats The Chamois Alpine Goat The Pinzgau Goat The Tauern Pied Goat The Styrian Pied Goat The Austrian Peacock Goat The Austrian Striped Goat Horses The Austrian Draught Horse - Noriker The Old Austrian Warmblood Horse The Lipitsan Horse The Shagya Arabian Horse The Huzulen Horse Pigs The Mangalitza Pig The Turopolje Pig total
stock
Original Braunvieh Original Pinzgauer Tiroler Grauvieh Waldviertler Blondvieh Kärntner Blondvieh Tux-Zillertaler Pustertaler Sprintzen Murbodner Ennstaler Bergschecken
farms
1997
2006
2006
he e e he he he he he he
40 3624 3910 133 301 180
272 5268 4770 696 730 750 115 2049 95
61 784 1043 90 82 155 30 284 16
he e e he he he he he
332 176 1732 69 160
2243 882 2100 450 742 189 114 190
97 42 99 18 47 15 8 14
e he he he he he
566 70 135
848 326 292 40 150 36
57 30 37 4 7 4
e he e he he
2738 18 66 87
3258 13 229 193 57
1405 5 28 35 18
111 50 27.258
27 14 4.556
299
Schafe Kärntner Brillenschaf Braunes Bergschaf Tiroler Steinschaf Krainer Steinschaf Waldschaf Alpines Steinschaf Montafoner Steinschaf Zackelschaf
Ziegen Gemsfärbige Gebirgsziege Pinzgauer Ziege Tauernschecken Ziege Steirische Scheckenziege Österreichische Pfauenziege Pinzgauer Strahlenziege Pferde Österreichischer Noriker Altösterreichisches Warmblut Lipizzaner Shagya Araber Alt-Österreichische Huzulen Schweine Mangalitza Turopolje Summe
Source: ÖNGENE, AMA e= endangered he = high endangered
Tab. 1 Endangered livestock breeds in Austria
1
33
he he
14.669
The core of the gene conservation program is a system of planned mating to minimize the rate of inbreeding and therefore to conserve the genetic diversity within breeds. Mating plans are based on pedigree information aiming to produce offspring with relatively low inbreeding coefficients. Other main items of the gene conservation program are to provide as many sires as possible, which should be as unrelated as possible, and the building of a comprehensive gene bank (Fig. 1)
Austrian programme for conservation of rare breeds Conservation genetic diversity
In situ conservation on farms
1. Definition of breeds and level of endangering 21 breeds high endangered; 7 breeds endangered
2. Mating programme
Conservation of genetic diversity
selective mating
Minimization of inbreeding
obligatory!
Breeding and mating use of a great number of sires
3. Ancestry control for every sire (obligatory) 4. Ex situ conservation (gene bank) 5. Subsidies
Fig. 1
Gene conservation programme 2000
As sheep and goat breeds as well as some cattle breeds show only slight phenotypic differences the ÖNGENE has initiated and funded several research projects on genetic diversity of rare breeds.
In September 2004 I had the pleasure to present a genetic diversity study of rare Austrian sheep breeds at the EAAP-Workshop “Animal Genetic Resources”. I may repeat briefly some of our results. In that project we estimated genetic distances between11 sheep breeds, 7 of them endangered Austrian breeds, using 25 microsatellite loci and we were able to show clear genetic differences between all 11 breeds. The shortest distance existed between Alpine Stone Sheep and Forest Sheep. Former crossbreeding between these two breeds was already known. In the so-called Stone Sheep Group (Alpine Stone Sheep, Montafon Stone Sheep, Krainer Stone Sheep and Tyrolean Stone Sheep) the Montafon Stone Sheep showed the longest distance to the other breeds. Therefore the Montafon Stone Sheep was 2
acknowledged as an independent rare and endangered breed in Austria. Further more than 90% of the individual animals could be assigned correctly to their respective breeds. (Fig. 2) R e c o n s tru c te d p h ylo g e n e tic d is ta n ce tre e o f s h e e p b re e d s 1 1 b re e d s , 7 1 7 in d ivid u a ls, 2 1 m ik ro s a te llite -lo c i X T TeE xe l Sheep
Ju ra JSU RhA e e p
K K R ra S T Ein IN e r S to n e S h e e p
H u n g a ria n R a cka S hZeA CeK p
C a rin th ia n B rille n S h e e p
K B R IL L E
T yro le a n S to n e S h e e p
T S T E IN
F o re st S h eWeA LpD A S T E IN
A lp in e S to n e S h e e p
M o n ta fo n S toMnOeN T S h e e p
B ro w n M o u n ta in S h e e p T yro le a nB R B E R G
BERG
M o u n ta in S h e e p 0 .01
Fig. 2 Reconstructed phylogenetic tree for 11 populations based on the distance matrix with Nei´s minimum distance employing the “Neighbour-Joining”-method. Bootstrap-values from 100 samples over loci.
Based on the useful results from the sheep project the ÖNGENE initiated a similar project with rare Austrian goat breeds. I am happy to present these results to you today.
Introduction Several goat breeds of acknowledged endangered status whose conservation is subsidized exist. in Austria. Those are: -
Chamois Alpine Goat
-
Tauern Pied Goat
-
Pinzgau Goat
-
Styrian Pied Goat
Several breeders wanted to include the meanwhile native breeds Austrian Peacock Goat and Austrian Striped Goat in the coming conservation program 2007 to 2013. (Fig. 3)
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Investigated Austrian goat breeds endangered: up to now
endangered: 2007
not endangered:
Chamois Alpine Goat Pinzgau Goat Styrian Pied Goat Tauern Pied Goat Austrian Striped Goat Austrian Peacock Goat German Improved Fawn Goat
but phenotypic similarities Fig. 3
Investigated goat breeds
Further the German Improved Fawn Goat, an established but not endangered breed was entered into the project because of a phenotypic resemblance to the Pinzgau Goat and the Chamois Alpine Goat.
The main goal of the project was to investigate genetic similarities and differences between goat breeds aiming to ensure that only such breeds are defined as separate units which deserve special conservation promotion. Our results provide the basis for decisions which closely related breeds might be combined in case of severe bottlenecks. Further the possibility of a correct assignment of single individuals to a breed according to their marker genotypes is investigated. This might be of interest for phenotypically suitable individuals where no pedigree information is available
Materials and Methods 60 tissue samples were collected from each of the 7 investigated goat breeds. 26 microsatellite loci (recommended by FAO) were typed for each sample at molecular genetic labs in Vienna and Madrid. Data were analysed at the Department for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, BOKU Vienna. Statistical analysis was done in 3 parts:
1. Qualitative evaluation of microsatellite loci 2. Estimation of genetic distances between the investigated breeds 3. Correct assignment of individuals to their breed 4
Results 1. Data collection and data quality In table 2 an overview on the number of investigated samples and breeds is given. In total 377 samples of 7 Austrian goat breeds were analysed for 26 gene loci lasting total 278 animals where at least 14 loci were typed successfully could be entered into the statistic computations.
Number of analysed samples (N) and number of usable samples with at least 14 successfully typed loci
breed
N
Nv
German Improved Fawn Goat
47
30
Chamois Alpine Goat
57
51
Austrian Peacock Goat
61
51
Pinzgau Goat
59
43
Austrian Striped Goat
23
11
Styrian Pied Goat
62
50
Tauern Pied Goat
68
42
377
278
total
Tab. 2 Number of analysed samples (N) and number of usable samples with at least 14 successfully typed loci (Nv)
.
2. Genetic distances and genetic distance tree Following the theory of classical population-genetics a population or breed is defined by the frequency of alleles (frequency of gene variations). After recording of the allele frequencies the genetic distances based on the allele frequencies can be calculated with several methods. In this study Nei´s minimum distance (NEI, 1987) and Reynold´s distance (REYNOLDS, 1983) were used. Both methods yielded similar results (Table 3)
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Nei´s minimum genetic distance (1972) (lower triangle) and Reynolds distance (1983) (upper triangle) German Improved Fawn G. G. Improved Fawn G.
Chamois Alpine G.
Austrian Peacock G.
Pinzgau Goat
Austrian Striped G.
Styrian Pied G.
Tauern Pied G.
0,02
0,05
0,04
0,07
0,05
0,08
0,05
0,04
0,07
0,03
0,08
0,05
0,07
0,05
0,10
0,05
0,03
0,08
0,07
0,13
Chamois Alpine Goat
0,02
Austrian Peacock G.
0,05
0,05
Pinzgau Goat
0,04
0,03
0,05
Austrian Striped Goat
0,07
0,06
0,07
0,05
Styrian Pied Goat
0,04
0,03
0,05
0,03
0,06
Tauern Pied Goat
0,06
0,06
0,08
0,06
0,11
0,07 0,05
Table 3: Nei´s minimum genetic distance below the diagonal and Reynold´s distance above the diagonal
Based on the above matrix of genetic distances phylogenetic trees were reconstructed employing the “Neighbour-Joining – method” to visualize genetic relations between the breeds.
Reconstructed phylogenetic distance tree for goat breeds 7 breeds, 278 individuals, 22 mikrosatellite loci
Austrian Striped Goat Tauern Pied Goat
Pinzgau Goat Austrian Peacock Goat
Styrian Pied Goat
0.01
German Improved Fawn Goat
Chamois Alpine Goat
Fig. 4 Reconstructed phylogenetic tree for the 7 populations based on the distance matrix with Nei´s minimum distance employing the “Neighbour-Joining – method”. Bootstrap values of 100 random samples over loci.
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The smallest genetic distance was found between German Improved Fawn Goat and Chamois Alpine goat. It is well known that crossbreeding between these two breeds was performed before the start of the gene conservation program in 1997. Since then clearly separated breeding programmes were carried out.
The longest genetic distance was found between the Tauern Pied Goat and the Austrian Striped Goat. The long distance of the Tauern Pied goat shows a long breeding history independent from other breeds. The large distance of the Austrian Striped Goat seems to stem from the too small random sample and and is therefore not of statistic relevance. Different sizes of random samples may bias genetic distances and small random samples are able to make genetic distances look longer. This could be shown in simulation studies (SIMIANER, 2002).
3. Assignment of individual animals It was tested how well single individuals based on their marker genotypes could be assigned to a population respectively to their breed. According to BAUMUNG and SÖLKNER (2002) the correct allocation was calculated following the “Maximum-Likelihood – method” based on the “Sentence of Bayes”. With special calculation programs the probability of allocation can be expressed in percent respectively the part of the most probable assignments can be calculated.
Of the 278 analysed goats 226 animals (81%) could be assigned with highest probability and 263 animals (95%) significantly to their own breed. The unfavourable results for the German Improved Fawn Goat confirm the known crossing with other breeds (Table 4).
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Absolute number and percentage of correctly assigned animals based on 22 micro-satellite loci Number of animals
Percentage of most probable assignments %
German Improved Fawn Goat
30
53
Chamois Alpine Goat
51
82
Austrian Peacock Goat
51
88
Pinzgau Goat
43
91
Austrian Striped Goat
11
73
Styrian Pied Goat
50
76
Tauern Pied Goat
42
90
breed
Tab. 4 Absolute number and percentage of correctly assigned animals based on 22 microsatellite loci
The correct assignment of individual animals to a breed is of growing importance as in the founding of breeding herds phenotypical similar animals are entered into the herdbook after genetic determination (found animals) and may participate in the conservation breeding program.
Summary In the course of genotype analyses of endangered Austrian goat breeds the genetic individuality of each breed was confirmed. This is the basis for the acknowledgement as an endangered conservable breed. 26 micro-satellite markers were used in the investigation. 4 microsatellite markers had to be discarded from the analysis because of significant deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg – equilibrium. Based on 22 microsatellites the following statements were made:
1. All 7 breeds show significant differences in the frequencies of alleles and can be defined as individual breeds (exception: Austrian Striped Goat – random sample too small)
2. The former crossings between German Improved Fawn Goat and Chamois Alpine Goat could be confirmed.
3. The phenotypically similar breeds Tauern Pied Goat and Styrian Pied Goat as well as Pinzgau Goat and Chamois Alpine Goat show distinct differences in allele and genotype frequencies.
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Based on the reliable results of the genetic differentiation of Austrian sheep and goat breeds presently a project on genetic differentiation of rare Austrian solid coloured cattle breeds is realised. This project includes the Hungarian Grey Cattle. I am looking forward to presenting the results to you in the years to come.
Literature
BAUMUNG, R. und SÖLKNER, J. (2002): Genetische Differenzierung von Schafrassen im Ostalpenraum. Report to the Austrian National Association for Gene Reserves.
BAUMUNG, R. und MÜLLER M. (2004): Genetische Differenzierung von Ziegenrassen in Österreich. Report to the Austrian National Association for Gene Reserves.
BAUMUNG, R. und FISCHERLEITNER, F. (2005): Genetische Differenzierung von Ziegenrassen in Österreich. Proceedings 2. Fachtagung für Ziegenhaltung an der HBLFA Raumberg- Gumpenstein.
NEI, M. (1987): Molecular evolutionary genetics. New York. Colubia University press.
REYNOLDS, J. (1983): Estimation of the coancestry coefficient basis for a short term genetic distance. Genetics 105, 767-779.
SIMIANER, H. (2002) Molekulargenetische Differenzierung verschiedener Rotviehpopulationen. Schriftenreihe des Bundesministeriums für Verbraucherschutz, Ernährung und Landwirtschaft 493, Landwirtschaftsverlag GmbH. Münster-Hiltrup.
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