42 DAFTAR PUSTAKA Agarwal VK, Sinclair JB. 1996. Principle of Seed Pathology. Florida: CRC Press Inc. Albrechtsen SE. 2006. Testing Methods for Seed-transmitted Viruses: Principles andPprotocols. Wallingford: CABI Publishing APS. 1997. Compendium of Lettuce Diseases. Minnesota: APS Press Arnal C, Ferre-Aubineau V, Besse B, Mignote B, Schwartzbrod L, Biliaudel S. 1999. Comparison of seven RNA extraction methods on stool and shelfish samples prior to Hepatitis A virus amplification. J. virol. Meth. 77: 17-26 CABI. 2007. Crop Protection Compendium. Wallingford: CAB International. Calayani K, Sercei CU, Gazel M, Jelkman W. 2006 Detection of Four Apple Viruses by ELISA and RT-PCR Assays in Turkey. Turk J Agric For 30: 241-246 Dietzgen RG. 2002. Application of PCR in plant virology. Di dalam: Khan JA, Djikstra J, editor. Plant Viruses as Molecular Pathogens. Oxford: Food products press. hlm. 471-500 Dixon GR. 2007. Vegetable Brassicas and Related crucifers. Reading: CAB International Firdaus. 2005. Deteksi dan karakterisasi Turnip mosaic virus penyebab penyakit mosaik pada tanaman caisin (Brassica campestris L. Subsp. chinensis (Rupr.) Olsson). [tesis] Bogor: Sekolah Pasca Sarjana. Fakultas Peranian. Institut Pertanian Bogor Gambino G, Gribaudo I. 2006. Simultaneous detection of nine grapevine viruses by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with coamplification of a plant RNA as internal control. Phytopathology 96:1223-1229. Gera A, Lampel M, Cohen J, Rosner A. 2001. Okra (Hibiscus esculentus)—A new host of Turnip mosaic virus in Israel. Plant Dis. 85(3): 336 Henson M J, French R. 1993. The polymerase chain reaction and plant disease diagnosis. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 31: 81-109. www.annualreviews.org/aronline [26 januari 2008] Hodgson RAJ, Wall GC, Randles JW. 1998. Specific identification of Coconut tinangaja viroid for differential field diagnosis of viroids in coconut palm. Phytopathology 88:774-781.
43
Keinath P A. 2005. Reservoir Weed Hosts for Turnip mosaic virus in Iran. Plant Dis 89(3): 33Noad B. 2004. Virus diseases in canola and mustard. New South Wales: NSW Department of primary industries. www.agric.nsw.gov.au Khan AJ, Djikstra J. 2002. Seed transmission of viruses: Biological and molecular insights. Di dalam: Khan JA, Djikstra J, editor. Plant Viruses as Molecular Pathogens. Oxford: Food products press. hlm. 105 - 126 Kiefer E, Heller W, Ernst D. 2000. A simple and eficient protocol for isolation of functional RNA from plant tisuues rich in secondary metabolites. Plant Mol. Bio. Rep. 18: 33–39 Lee SC, Chang YC. 2006. Multiplex RT-PCR detection of two orchid viruses with an internal control of plant nad5 mRNA. Plant Pathology Bulletin 15: 187-196. Lee YB, Lim HR, Choi JY, Ryu KH. 2004. Development of molecular detection of three species of seed-transmissible viruses useful for plant quarantine. Plant Pathol. J. 20(4) : 302-307 Li R, Mock R, huang Q, Abad J, Hartung J, Kinard G. 2008. A reliable and inexpensive method of nucleic acid extraction for the PCR based detection of diverse plant pathogen. J. Virol. Meth. 154: 58-55 Lin C C & Lian L S. 1993. Comparative cruciferous host symptoms isolated in Taiwan. Jour. Agric. Res. China. 32(4) : 367-372 Macfarlane DE, Dahle CE. 1998. Introduction to isolating RNA. Di dalam: Rapley R, Manning DL, Editor. RNA Isolation and Characterization Protocols. New Jersey: Humana Press. hlm. 1-6 Merante F, Raha S, Reed JK, Proteau G. 1996. The simultaneous isolation of RNA and DNA from tissues and cultured cells. Di dalam: Harwood A, Editor. Basic DNA and RNA Protocols. Totowa: Humana Press hlm. 1-6 Morrison, R. H. 1999. Sampling in seed health testing. Phytopathology 89:10841087. Narayanasamy P. 2008. Molecular Biology in Plant Pathogenesis and Disease Management. Coimbatore: Springer Nicolas O, Laliberte JF. 1992. The complete nucleotide sequence of Turnip mosaic potyvirus RNA. J. Gen. Virol. 73: 2785-2793 Noad B, editor. 2004. Virus diseases in canola and mustard. New South Wales: Agnote. www.agric.nsw.gov.au. [20 Januari 2009]
44
Rapley R, Heptinstall J. 1998. Di dalam: Rapley R, Manning DL, Editor. RNA Isolation and Characterization Protocols. New Jersey: Humana Press hlm. 65-68 Revers F, Gall OL, Candresse T, Maule AJ. New Advances in Understanding the Molecular Biology of Plant/Potyvirus Interactions. MPMI 12 (5): 367–376 Reeves J C, 1998. Molecular diagnostics for pathogen detection in seeds and planting materials. Plant cell tissue and organ culture 52: 33-39 Rusli ES, Hidayat SH, Suastika G, Kartosuwondo U. 2007. Kisaran dan keragaman gejala infeksi Turnip mosaic virus. J. Perlin. Tan. Ind.13:22-34 Siemonsma JS, Piluek K (Editor). 1994. Plant Resources of South East Asia No. 8: Vegetables. Bogor: Prosea Sipahioglu HM. 2005. Comparison of DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR methods for the Detection of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV). J. Agric. Sci. 15(2): 153-158 Stavolone L, Alioto D, Ragozzino A, and Laliberté J-F. 1998. Variability among Turnip mosaic potyvirus isolates. Phytopathology 88:1200-1204 Suehiro N, Natsuaki T, Watanabe T, Okuda S. 2004. An important determinant of the ability of Turnip mosaic virus to infect Brassica spp. and/or Raphanus sativus is in its P3 protein. J. Gen. virol. 85: 2087–2098 Webster C G, Wylie1 S J, Jones M G K. 2004. Diagnosis of plant viral pathogens. Current Science 12:1604-1607
45
LAMPIRAN
46 Lampiran 1. Data kemurnian dan konsentrasi (µg/ml) masing-masing metode ektraksi RNA pada stadia perkembangan benih caisin yang berbeda Benih Randles kemurnian konsentrasi 1,46 8,41 1,44 9,59 1,44 9,71 1,43 9,66 1,19 10,11 1,42 9,48 1,396667 9,4933333 0,102111 0,5723868
RNeasy kemurnian konsentrasi 2,04 3,09 2,15 3,38 1,98 5,09 2,1 3,62 3,07 0,16 2,29 2,18 2,271667 2,92 0,405138 1,6495211
Randles kemurnian konsentrasi 1,14 8,67 1,16 8,54 1,15 8,72 1,16 8,54 1,16 8,42 1,13 8,97 1,15 8,6433333 0,012649 0,1921111
RNeasy kemurnian konsentrasi 1,61 3,38 2,1 4,26 2,04 4,46 2,1 3,94 1,1 3,35 1,53 4,52 1,746667 3,985 0,404854 0,5212965
Willey kemurnian konsentrasi 1,45 8,63 1,52 8,37 1,53 8,19 1,59 7,89 1,78 7,01 1,65 7,75 1,586667 7,9733333 0,11639 0,5692685
Randles kemurnian konsentrasi 1,12 8,25 1,11 8,2 1,12 8,03 1,12 8,29 1,14 7,98 1,12 8,42 1,121667 8,195 0,009832 0,1650152
RNeasy kemurnian konsentrasi 2,11 4,71 2,11 5,19 1,95 6,07 1,73 7,49 1,77 7,1 1,76 7,24 1,905 6,3 0,176607 1,162136
Kecambah 7 hari Willey No kemurnian konsentrasi 1 1,21 8,61 2 1,21 8,9 3 1,34 8,68 4 1,19 9,15 5 1,22 8,89 6 1,21 9,83 Rata2 1,23 9,01 SD 0,054772 0,4443872
Randles kemurnian konsentrasi 1,16 9,8 1,17 9,28 1,17 9,33 1,18 9,27 1,17 9,26 1,17 9,36 1,17 9,3833333 0,006325 0,2077178
RNeasy kemurnian konsentrasi 1,64 7,93 1,66 7,9 1,83 5,99 1,69 7,72 1,59 8,44 1,65 7,15 1,676667 7,5216667 0,081894 0,8575177
No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rata2 SD
Willey kemurnian konsentrasi 1,55 8,15 1,47 8,39 1,57 8,2 1,32 8,98 1,41 8,77 1,74 7,21 1,51 8,2833333 0,145465 0,6181154
Kecambah 3 hari No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rata2 SD
Willey kemurnian konsentrasi 1,3 9,12 1,41 8,76 1,25 8,98 1,24 9,01 1,31 8,83 1,28 8,82 1,298333 8,92 0,061128 0,1381304
Kecambah 5 hari No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rata2 SD
47 Lampiran 2. Data kemurnian dan konsentrasi (µg/ml) masing-masing metode ektraksi RNA pada stadia perkembangan benih millet yang berbeda Benih No 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rata2 SD
Willey Kemurnian Konsentrasi 1,91 6,16 1,80 6,94 1,76 7,28 1,86 6,70 1,71 7,15 1,87 6,58 1,8230667 6,80891333 0,0737103 0,40800045
Kecambah 3 hari Willey No Kemurnian 1 1,35 2 1,40 3 1,35 4 1,40 5 1,51 6 1,39 Rata2 1,40 SD 0,0593436 Kecambah 5 hari Willey No Kemurnian 1 1,54 2 1,25 3 1,51 4 1,31 5 1,59 6 1,40 Rata2 1,4373 SD 0,1359772 Kecambah 7 hari Willey No Kemurnian 1 1,23 2 1,24 3 1,26 4 1,12 5 1,15 6 1,16 Rata2 1,1994667 SD 0,0560324
Randles Kemurnian Konsentrasi 1,44 8,04 1,43 8,09 1,42 8,58 1,46 8,20 1,21 8,65 1,47 8,09 1,410333 8,27953333 0,095383 0,27074728
RNeasy Kemurnian Konsentrasi 1,18 5,17 1,15 5,40 1,16 1,79 1,19 3,09 1,20 4,66 1,20 1,85 1,18515 3,66293333 0,024111 1,63975886
Konsentrasi 8,56 8,41 8,75 8,46 8,18 8,46 8,4762 0,18672808
Randles Kemurnian 1,15 1,14 1,14 1,16 1,14 1,14 1,152283 0,007983
Konsentrasi 7,84 7,86 8,09 8,11 8,08 7,93 7,989 0,12295554
RNeasy Kemurnian 1,38 1,64 1,29 1,61 1,34 1,68 1,4947833 0,173058
Konsentrasi 8,30 7,81 8,44 7,77 8,72 7,64 8,1154 0,43714373
Konsentrasi 6,88 7,92 7,11 7,85 6,59 7,68 7,3428 0,55356624
Randles Kemurnian 1,18 1,20 1,18 1,41 1,34 1,18 1,252733 0,100625
Konsentrasi 7,96 7,88 7,85 7,69 7,77 7,94 7,8529 0,10532918
RNeasy Kemurnian 1,76 1,66 2,22 1,50 1,59 1,52 1,7131333 0,2660076
Konsentrasi 6,40 6,77 6,31 8,59 8,15 8,56 7,46773333 1,08676856
Konsentrasi 8,27 7,99 8,17 8,40 8,11 8,16 8,18913333 0,13839871
Randles Kemurnian 1,37 1,17 1,21 1,15 1,13 1,19 1,20805 0,086536
Konsentrasi 7,54 7,97 7,54 7,95 8,09 7,94 7,84253333 0,24048892
RNeasy Kemurnian 1,46 1,83 1,51 1,53 1,48 1,63 1,5777333 0,1388373
Konsentrasi 8,71 6,35 8,55 8,73 8,72 7,85 8,15566667 0,94482142
48
