biografi intelektual badiuzzaman said nursi

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Kisah Badiuzzaman Said Nursi adalah kisah seorang cendekiawan dan guru Muslim yang pada saat kejayaan dunia Islam telah mengalami kemunduran dalam menghadapi imperialisme barat yang sedang bangkit. Dia telah mendedikasikan hidupnya dan yang belajar mempertunjukkan bahwa revitalisasi Dunia Islam, dan bahkan kemakmuran dan kebahagiaan umat manusia, harus dicari dalam Al-Qur’an yang merupakan wahyu Ilahi, bukan pada peradaban yang dominan pada zaman sekarang karena peradaban ini terilhami oleh prinsip-prinsip yang berasal dari manusia. Ini merupakan tujuan Nursi sejak masa mudanya, dan upaya mencapai tujuan ini membuat Said Muda menulis beberapa karya asli dan aktif terlibat dalam pergerakan konstitusional yang dia percaya sebagai satu-satunya cara menyelamatkan keutuhan dan kemajuan Kerajaan Usmani dan Dunia Islam. Bagi Nursi dan para pemikir zaman sekarang, nilai-nilai konstitusionalisme seperti pemerintahan yang representatif, perundingan, dan perundang-undangan itu sesuai dengan Islam dan sangat penting untuk membangun kembali peradaban Islam. Nursi sacara khusus menekankan agar mendasarkan semua ini pada Islam. Meskipun melibatkan diri dalam perjuangan untuk mengupayakan diterimanya apa yang dikenal sebagai nilai-nilai demokrasi, tujuan Nursi bukanlah politik semata, tetapi sebagian besar untuk pendidikan, baik dalam pengertian yang luas untuk mencerahkan berbagai elemen masya rakat tentang pentingnya konstitusionalisme, maupun dalam mengupa yakan kemajuan-kemajuan pendidikan yang inovatif, dan memperbarui kurikulum serta disiplin-disiplin ilmu yang diajarkan. Dia juga sangat memerhatikan perbaikan moral. Setelah kemenangan Turki dalam perang kemerdekaan, Nursi akhir

biografi intelektual badiuzzaman said nursi

nya tahu bahwa ternyata dirinya tidak cocok dengan para pemimpin rezim baru di Ankara, dan menarik diri sepenuhnya dari kehidupan politik. Hal ini selaras dengan karakter Said Baru yang lahir dari Said Lama pada tahun-tahun pahit kejatuhan Usmani dan pendudukan asing. Pada masa ini Al-Qur’an memiliki kedudukan yang tinggi dalam kehidupan Nursi, dan dia berhasil mengembangkan sebuah metode observasi baru yang menjelaskan ajaran-ajarannya tentang prinsip-prinsip keimanan yang fundamental yang diambil dari Al-Qur’an dan didasarkan pada pemikiran reflektif tentang dunia nyata. Saat dia berada di pengasingan, tulisan-tulisan barunya mendapatkan respons positif dari masyarakat Anatolia yang merasa kalau kepercayaan dan identitas mereka terancam oleh undangundang sekuler dan kebarat-baratan. Dengan bukti-bukti pengajaran AlQur’an dan kesesuaiannya terhadap ilmu pengetahuan, serta bantahannya terhadap “filsafat”, tulisan-tulisan Nursi, Risalah Nur, mengartikulasikan masalah-masalah yang dialami masyarakat dan menawarkan uraian baru tentang keimanan mereka yang relevan dengan keadaan mereka. Yang jelas, Nursi sedang memasuki era baru perdebatan yang sengit antara peradaban Islam dan Barat, dan memaparkannya pada level prinsip-prinsip dasar. Namun, Nursi menghindari segala macam konfrontasi dan sepenuhnya menjauhkan diri dari kehidupan politik; perhatiannya sekarang tertuju pada pribadi manusia sebagai makhluk moral, dan membangun diri manusia melalui pemahaman atas hubungannya dengan Sang Pencipta dan hubungannya dengan sesama manusia. Hanya melalui pencapaian iman yang demikianlah apa yang dipercaya Nursi sebagai aspek-aspek fil safat yang merusak dan berlawanan dengan agama bisa ditiadakan hingga masyarakat kembali pada jalur pembangunan. Meskipun Nursi dan murid-muridnya mengalami siksaan, mereka tidak pernah surut. Sebenarnya, masa-masa penahanan malah memperkuat keteguhan hati dan memperluas pergerakan yang dibangkitkan oleh tulisan-tulisan Nursi, yakni pergerakan Nur. Dengan munculnya agresi ateisme dan komunisme, pandangan Nursi tentang wahyu dan filsafat membuatnya mengakui satu sisi Barat yang sudah dia kenal, yang mengambil inspirasi dari Kristen sebagai agama wahyu, bukannya mengambil dari filsafat. Dia mendorong kerja sama dengan orang-orang Kristiani yang beriman dalam menghadapi ancaman

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ateisme, dan dia sendiri menjalin hubungan dengan para pemimpin Kristiani. Hal ini sejalan dengan usaha-usahanya untuk membangun jaring an-jaringan dengan Dunia Islam dan memperkuat persatuan antar umat Islam melalui Risalah Nur. Bersamaan dengan pemusatan pada Risalah Nur, banyak sekali karak ter dan kesuksesan pergerakan Nur muncul dari contoh yang diberikan Nursi sendiri, keunggulan pribadinya yang luar biasa, dan kehidupannya yang saleh. Di tahun-tahun awalnya, dalam sebuah masyarakat suku yang keras di mana faksionalisme tersebar luas dan loyalitas kelompok sangat kuat, jiwa merdeka Nursi membimbingnya untuk meretas jalannya sendiri dan mengukir sebuah tempat untuknya sendiri sebagai seorang tokoh agama. Kemerdekaannya memberinya banyak manfaat sepanjang kehidupannya yang keras, demikian juga keberanian dan semangatnya. Karakter abadi nya yang lain adalah keberanian dan kegagahannya yang tersohor, tidak jauh beda ketika dia sudah dewasa dan masih muda; upayanya menegakkan dan melanjutkan ajaran Islam tanpa kompromi melalui tahun-tahun penindasan dan penyiksaan yang panjang memang merupakan keberanian yang luar biasa. Dia merupakan sebuah kombinasi yang langka antara seorang aktivis yang dengan hati sekuat baja berjuang untuk merevitalisasi dan memperkuat kepercayaan agama dan seorang wali, terutama pada periode kedua masa hidupnya, sepenuhnya diarahkan kepada Sang Pencipta. Keimanan dan kedekatannya pada Tuhan telah membuatnya ikhlas dalam berjuang dan tidak menuruti nafsu serta egonya. Dia sangat welas asih kepada sahabat-sahabatnya dan tegas kepada musuh-musuhnya—yaitu, mereka yang memusuhi Al-Qur’an dan Islam. Barangkali, yang paling mengagumkan adalah rasa kemanusiaan, kasih sayang serta perhatiannya yang mendalam pada seluruh umat manusia. Inilah yang mendorongnya melakukan perjuangan yang cerdas dan berpandangan jauh serta lebih berorientasi pada memperbaiki dan membangun ketimbang merusak, sehingga semua orang bisa menemukan kedamaian dan keselamatan dalam agama wahyu dan pengamalan ajaranajarannya.

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519

indeks

A Abduh, Muhammad ix, 29 Abdulkadir, Seyyid 212-214, 269 Abdullah (II), Sultan 22, 28, 36, 42, 49-51, 62-63, 73-74, 83, 103, 105, 108, 116, 152, 159, 233, 345 Abdulmecit 3, 165, 178, 245, 258, 466, 488, 498, 501 Abdurrahman, Nursi v, 32, 42, 54, 184-185, 192-194, 201, 207, 220221, 239-241, 292-294, 297, 338, 407-410 Afyon 86, 316-317, 346-347, 374-375, 384, 392-394, 397-398, 406-407, 409-410, 414-415, 417-419, 421423, 428, 432-436, 444-445, 463, 467-468, 501

Ankara xviii, xix, 196-197, 199, 204, 216, 220-223, 227, 230-231, 244245, 247, 250-252, 263, 277, 280, 285, 304, 307, 313, 315, 325, 334, 347, 364, 367, 369-370, 374, 378379, 381-382, 386-387, 392-393, 398, 414, 423, 429, 433, 435, 440441, 445-447, 454-456, 463-466, 476-477, 488-489, 490-492, 495496, 510, 513 Antalya 196, 245, 266, 270, 316 Arun, Ziya 453, 460 Ataturk xi, xvi, 361, 429 Ateis 81, 303, 327, 355, 382-383, 385, 403-404, 425, 469 Ateisme 246–255, 300–310, 355–438, 443–504, 489–504, 506

Akbar Shah, Ali 455-456

Athenagoras 457

Al-Azhar, Universitas 39, 60, 138, 399, 457, 470

Austria 86-87, 90, 152, 164, 186, 188

Alew, Muhsin 448, 450, 452-453,456, 459, 461 Anarki 103, 354, 383, 394, 403-405, 425-426, 443, 467 Anatolia 9, 11, 14, 19, 34, 39, 54-55, 58, 63, 108, 124-125, 130, 133, 154, 159, 166, 172, 176, 194, 196, 203, 205, 218, 215, 251, 261, 265-266, 271, 279, 296, 465, 476, 500

Aya Sofia 60, 96, 100, 107, 220, 323, 489, 492 Aya Stefanos 107, 108, 109

B Badilli, Abdulkadir vi, 25 Baghdad 14, 17, 175, 346, 468-469, 471 Baghdadi 148, 346-487


191, 289

Baghdadi, Maulana Khalid 148, 346, 487

Cayci Emin 333-334, 357-358, 364366, 476

Bakhit, Muhammad ix, xii, 7, 10-12, 29, 32, 34, 42, 46, 60, 81, 88, 95104, 113-114, 116-119, 180, 209, 217, 232, 268, 301-302, 345-346, 390, 397, 437, 479, 512

Celali, Muhammad 12, 13, 209 Ceride-i Sofiye Gazetesi 111 Cevdet, Abdullah 3, 6, 7, 10, 14, 15, 16, 58, 80, 90, 93, 94, 194, 204, 218, 229, 266, 274, 276, 285-286, 289, 359, 362, 365, 370, 373, 487, 495, 497-498, 504, 512

Balkan 46, 73, 83, 139, 151-154 Barla (desa) xix, 46, 93, 271-274, 277, 278- 279, 282-284, 287-290, 292, 294-295, 303-304, 306-307, 309, 312- 313, 318, 332, 354, 359, 370, 463, 465-486, 515

Cevdet Bey 40, 165, 169-171, 190, 225 Cizre 3, 23-26, 40

Barla lahikasi 295

D

Basid (gunung) 11, 39, 155-156, 173, 175, 176, 258, 261, 264-266, 272, 288, 307

Damaskus 3, 124-125, 138, 149, 150, 153, 236, 323, 347, 399, 466 Darul Hikmetil Islamiye 192, 194, 199-211, 214, 216, 223, 226-228, 239, 241, 250, 268, 324, 359, 429

Batum 123, 169, 223-224 Bayar, Celal 443, 446, 468, 470 Bekir Aga Bolugu 111

Dashnakzoutiun 20

Bey Binbasi, Asim 294, 316

Demiroglu, Taufik 220-221, 244, 252, 268

Bitlis 2-3, 11, 14, 17-21, 30-36, 39, 43, 46, 54-55, 66, 124, 146, 158-160, 170-180, 182, 200, 209, 210-211, 225, 244-245, 394

Demokrasi 393, 404, 505

Burhan-i Gelenbevi 156

Denizli xix, 280, 363-364, 366-368, 370, 374-376, 378-380, 384-390, 392-398, 400-401, 407, 409, 413414, 417, 421-422, 424, 430, 433435, 441, 450

Buyuk Cihad 455

Dersaadet 54, 111, 193

Buyuk Dogu 452

Despotisme 126

C

Diyarbakir 39, 129, 138, 225, 269, 276, 476, 494, 500

Cakmak, Fauzi 222-223, 271

Dogan, Avni 335

Bolvadin 316 Burdur 266, 270-272

Caliskan 395-396, 441, 445, 462, 494 Caliskan, Ceilan 395, 418-419, 462

E

Caliskan, Jeilan 441 Cam Dagi (gunung pinus) 288

Egirdir 273-274, 277, 284, 288, 292, 294, 304, 337, 465, 494, 502

Cavus, Ali 146, 155, 175-176, 178,

Emanuel Carasso 81

522

indeks

Emirdag xx, 16, 371, 378, 392, 394398, 400-401, 406-407, 409, 411, 414-415, 417-418, 432, 440, 444446, 453-454, 457, 461, 463, 476477, 480, 486-487, 490- 494, 497

Giyaseddin Emre 468, 492

Emirdag Lahikasi 477

Gunduzalp, Zubeir 399, 432, 441, 444, 462

Gokalp, Ziya 278, 512 Gokay, Fahreddin Kerim 206, 228 Gonen, Ahmet Hikmet 432

Enwer Bey 53, 73, 82, 152 Erek (gunung) 155, 258, 261, 264-266, 272, 307

H

Erzurum 164-166, 173-174, 180, 209, 245, 266-267, 470

Hafiz Ali 120, 337, 345, 389

Eskisehir xix, 45, 252, 316-320, 332, 344, 362, 364-365, 374-375, 379, 413, 424, 441, 447-448, 461, 476

Halil Pasya 166, 169-171, 174, 224

Hakikat Cekirdekleri 210, 221-222 Hani, Ahmad 509, 512 Hani, Ahmad ix, 13, 90, 94, 134, 227, 242-243, 252, 254, 311, 313, 318, 330, 347, 356, 509

Esref edif 71, 93, 153-154, 206, 214, 219-220, 222, 224, 229, 252, 452

Hanim 3, 20, 210, 346-347

F

Hasan Fehmi 57, 101, 102

Fakazli, Ibrahim 30, 180, 204, 206, 225, 253, 318, 330, 377, 390-391, 418-419, 432, 437-438, 453, 478, 480, 487, 498-499

Hasankale 164, 168 Haydar (suku) 61, 266, 275 Hikmet, Gonen Ahmed 432 Hizan 2, 5, 7, 10, 43, 159, 172, 209, 210-211

Fatih 30, 55-58, 194, 222, 394, 449, 453, 457, 460, 503

Hizb-un Nuri 343-344, 363, 385

Fauzi Kul, Ahmet 318, 432, 434

Hucumat-i Sitte 365

Fauzi Kul, Ahmet 432, 434

Hulusi Bey, Yahyagil 294, 476, 498

Ferid Pasya, Damad 203

Husnu Bayram 493, 495-498

Feyyaz, Muhammed 180

Husrev 295, 310, 337, 418, 420, 444445, 456, 464

Fiqh 32 Firinci 457, 460, 461, 464

Hutuvat-i Sitte 210, 221, 423

G

I

Gelenbevi 156, 163

Ibn Sina 286, 302

Gerakan konstitusional 40, 49

Ibrahim Efendis, Haydarizade 204, 206

Gerakan Nur xx Gerakan Usmani Muda 28

Ikdam (surat kabar) 120, 214

Ghazali, al-Imam Abu Hamid 13, 44, 243, 356, 371

Inebolu 123, 298, 332, 336-337, 367, 369, 375, 377, 378-398, 441, 453

523


K

Inggris xv, xix, 20, 41, 101, 104, 124, 133, 162, 164, 192, 195-198, 203204, 211-212, 214, 216-220, 222, 228-229, 245, 254, 291, 423, 468

Kalam x, 32, 36, 44, 59, 68, 157 Karabekir, Kazim 166, 247, 285 Karakol 221, 223

Insiden Malatya 454

Iran 19, 166, 169, 171, 179, 181, 266, 456, 468, 470

Kastamonu xix, 146-147, 162-163, 229, 313, 329, 332-335, 337, 340, 346-347, 354-358, 360, 362-367, 369- 378, 384, 397-398, 406, 409, 424, 426, 430, 446, 487, 515

Isparit 6, 171-172, 209

Kastamonu Lahikasi 332

Isparta 269, 271-273, 292, 294, 296, 298, 307, 309-310, 316, 319, 320, 324-328, 332, 337, 346, 354, 358, 362-364, 367, 370, 374-375, 378379, 397-398, 401, 406, 409, 426, 433, 440-441, 445-449, 461, 463, 464-465, 486, 490, 492-498, 502

Kel Ali 174-176, 190

Insiden Menemen 328 Irak 468-469, 471

Kemal, Mustafa xvi, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 38, 40, 45, 47, 168, 183, 184-185, 189, 191, 207, 213, 222-224, 227, 244-251, 254, 264, 267-268, 276, 278-282, 294, 297, 312, 318, 324, 345, 371, 384, 388, 390, 392, 396, 398-399, 411, 417, 423, 429, 432, 437-438, 441, 446, 455, 462, 465, 478, 480, 493

Istanbul 11, 15, 20, 28, 42-43, 48, 5460, 67, 70-74, 78, 80-81, 83, 86-89, 91, 95, 100, 106-107, 111, 113, 116, 118, 123-124, 126, 147, 149, 151152, 155, 158, 163, 226-228, 229, 262, 266-269, 276, 279, 285, 330, 336, 337, 345, 347, 363, 375, 377, 384, 398, 401, 423, 429, 433, 440441, 447-450, 452-453, 455, 457, 459-461, 464-465, 474-477, 479, 488, 491, 497, 503, 509-519

Kemal, Namik 28, 29, 50-51, 71, 75, 147, 496 Kemalisme 281, 285, 311-312, 442, 510 Kementrian Perang 110, 210, 453

Ittihad-i Muhammedi Cemiyeti 95

Kepribadian kolektif 130, 143, 147, 248, 338, 349-350, 354-356, 484485

Izmir 121, 149, 195-196, 266, 270

Kesatuan Usmani 427 Komite Persatuan dan Kemajuan 53, 90, 103

J

Komunisme 404, 453

Jaelani, Abdul Qodir 6, 14, 22, 43, 241, 243

Konstitusionalisme 79

Jerman 152, 164, 186, 192-193, 213, 224-225, 456

Konya 3, 406, 476-477, 488, 490-495, 499-500, 502

Jihad xx, 454, 477

Kosova 151

Julfa 182, 185

Kristen (agama) xii, 19-20, 50, 118, 137, 147, 197-198, 231-232, 400, 410-411, 457, 461, 469, 503, 506

524

indeks

Kufrevi, Muhammad 34, 46

Mehmet Feyzi 370, 373, 390

Kurdi 3, 13, 15, 54, 61-62, 64, 79, 85, 86-87, 92, 100, 111, 115, 125-126, 130, 133, 135, 138, 158-159, 165, 173, 179-180, 182, 193, 196, 200, 201, 210, 213-216, 263, 265, 267, 269, 276, 317, 329, 423, 427, 496

Mekteb-mekteb 61 Memduh Bey 174 Menderes, Adnan 440, 445, 458, 465, 467-469, 471, 473-475, 488-490, 492-493, 496, 499, 504 Mesir xv, 29, 60, 124, 219, 346, 399, 457

Kurdistan 3, 5, 39, 44, 45, 48, 53-55, 60-61, 64, 67, 70-71, 116, 193, 211215, 228, 275, 470, 510

Miran (suku) 22, 40, 46 Mizan 88, 103 Molla Habib 3, 6, 10-28, 30-40, 43, 54, 61, 150, 156, 161-162, 164, 167168, 170-173, 181-184, 189, 191, 193, 212, 219, 228, 244, 259, 260, 261-262, 264, 498

M Macedonia 81 Madrasah Hornor 7, 8, 10-11, 17, 5758, 155-156, 206-207, 271, 318, 413, 417

Molla Hamid 3, 6, 10-28, 30-40, 43, 54, 61, 150, 156, 161-162, 164, 167, 168, 170-173, 181-184, 189, 191, 193, 212, 219, 228, 244, 259, 260262, 264, 498

Madrasah Yusufiah 318, 413, 417 Madrasatul Kuzat 57 Mahmud Sevket Pasya 107 Mardin 5, 19, 20, 25-30, 32, 43, 44-46, 48, 51, 90, 93, 147, 154, 311, 313, 372, 514

Moralitas Islam 77, 79, 131 Mosul 36, 165

Materialisme 52, 234, 285, 327, 341, 343

Muhakemat 43, 92, 136, 147, 210, 236, 252-253, 283

Medresetuz Zehra xviii, xix, 39, 42, 48, 63-65, 149, 151-152, 155, 157, 216, 250-251, 341, 469, 470

Muhsin, Alew 448, 452, 456, 459, 461

Mehmed Firinci 457, 460-461, 464

Murid Nursi vi, 160, 170-171, 176, 219, 227-228, 252-253, 292, 315, 318-319, 325, 336, 345, 347, 349, 353-354, 359, 362, 364, 369, 371, 375, 377-380, 388, 397-399, 406, 410, 416, 432-434, 450-451, 453, 455, 462, 471, 487, 493, 495-498

Munazarat 27-28, 44, 46, 64, 90, 92, 120-121, 125, 135, 146-49, 210

Mehmet akif 55, 199, 214, 220, 225, 227, 229, 252 Mehmet Caliskan 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 21, 30, 55, 119, 121, 149, 153, 172, 199-200, 207, 214, 220, 225, 227, 229, 252, 254, 264, 274, 276, 309, 315-316, 320, 329-330, 333-334, 346, 360-361, 363-364, 366, 370, 373, 376-377, 380, 390, 395, 410, 414, 418, 437, 445, 452, 457, 460461, 464, 477-480, 503-504, 511

Mutkan 61

N Nasionalisme x, 82, 139, 150, 232233, 279, 281, 312, 403, 469- 470

Mehmet Efendi, Gonenli 377

525


Nazif Celebi 27, 336-337, 367, 369, 376, 389, 398-399, 416, 456

Q

Necmeddin Sahiner 191

Qizil Ijaz ala Sullam 156

Qadiri 4, 43

Nejip Fazil Kisakurek 452 Nicholas 174, 185, 249

R

Niyazi Bey 53, 150

Ramazanoglu, Mustafa 345, 371, 399

Nokta 210, 221

Ramiz, Ahmad 152-153

Nur, Muhammad 7, 34, 46

Re’fet Bey 16, 294, 310, 313-314 Reaksi (irtica) 104

O

Reaksioner (murteci) 104

Omer Pasya, Besim 31, 33, 182 Ozcan, Salih 455, 487

Reformasi pendidikan 35, 38-49, 56, 62-63, 87, 157

Ozdemir, Said 480, 490-491, 493, 504

Rehber-i Vatan 80 Republik sekuler x, 324, 327

P

Resad, Sultan (Mehmed) 151, 203

Pakistan 455-457, 468

Revolusi Bolshevik 187

Pan-Islamisme 28-29, 63, 153

Revolusi kebudayaan 279

Pan-Turkisme 153

Revolusi konstitusional 53, 63, 132, 150, 222

Paris 52, 83, 214, 510

Riza, Ahmet 27, 44, 46, 52, 55, 80, 83, 101, 107, 115, 152, 193-194, 253, 260, 264, 276, 287, 289, 312-313, 346, 408, 432, 434, 438, 445, 450, 454, 480, 509

Partai Serikat Liberal 83 Pendidikan sekuler 79 Perancis xv, 50, 90, 164, 172, 190, 195-196, 198, 211, 214, 281, 443 Perang Kemerdekaan 197, 223, 245246

Riza, Ahmet 52, 80, 83, 101 Rumelia 73-74, 78, 82, 149, 152, 155

Perjanjian Berlin 51, 192, 195, 224225, 456

Rumi, Maulana Jalaludin 243 Rumuz 210, 217, 229

Perjanjian Lausanne 197

Rusia xv, 20, 51, 123-124, 132-133, 146, 159, 164-180, 181-182, 184185, 186-190, 193, 195, 200, 209210, 225, 231, 239, 253, 258, 389

Perkumpulan Bulan Sabit Hijau 206 Pertempuran Kaukasia 124, 146, 156, 165-166, 170, 189, 193, 208, 225 Philip H. Stoddard 153 Positivisme ilmiah 52

S

Prinsip sekularisme 321, 324, 449, 475

Sabahaddin Bey 84 Sabis, Jendral 166

Provinsi Balkan 73, 139

Sabri, Mustafa xvi, 22-26, 38, 40, 45,

526

indeks

226-229, 239, 241, 292-294, 297, 313, 338, 399, 407-410, 509

47, 168, 183-185, 189, 191, 207, 213, 222-224, 227, 244-251, 254, 264, 267-268, 276, 278-282, 294, 297, 312, 318, 324, 345, 371, 384, 388, 390, 392, 396, 398-399, 411, 417, 423, 429, 432, 437, 438, 441, 446, 455, 462, 465, 478, 480, 487

Tahir Pasya, Iskodrali 36 Tal’at Bey 73, 182 Tandogan, Nevzat 280, 369, 373 Tanin 115, 121, 193

Sadik Bey, Taskoprulu 336, 377

Tanzimat x, 19, 36, 49-51, 63, 278-279

Said Molla 212, 219, 228

Tarekat Sanusi 28-29, 155, 250, 252

Şark ve Kürdistan Gazetesi 60

Tevafukat 301, 338, 359, 411, 445

Sebilurresad (majalah) 71, 229

Thomas Carlyle 142

Sefik Pasya 69

Tiflis 123-124, 146, 182, 185

Selahaddin Celebi 121, 275, 367, 369, 371, 389-391, 399, 416, 437, 456

Turkistan 124, 166, 223

Selim, Sultan 29, 68

U

Serbesti 101-102, 105, 228

Urfa 26, 129, 138, 487, 490, 494-500

Serif Pasya 214-216

Sufi 2, 43, 79, 112, 236, 242, 244, 351, 518-519

Usmani iii, vi, ix, x, xi, xii, xvi, 3, 1922, 28, 37, 44, 46-47, 49-50, 54, 60, 67, 74-77, 81-82, 84-87, 92-93, 110, 112, 121, 126, 132-134, 142-143, 146-147, 149, 152-153, 158-159, 164, 166-167, 169-170, 174, 176, 182, 190, 193, 195-198, 203, 205206, 209-216, 223, 225, 230, 233, 236, 245, 253, 278, 283, 336, 347, 427, 432, 460, 463, 469, 505, 506

Sukru Kaya 309, 316-318, 320, 364, 385

V

Sukru Saracoglu 364, 385

Vahdeti, Hafiz Dervis 101

Sungur, Mustafa 38, 47, 227, 244, 254, 312, 399, 437, 441, 446, 455, 462, 465, 480, 493

Van Bismarck 142

Seyyid Sibghatullah 10 Sipkan 61 Sirat-i Mustidakim 71 Sirhindi, Syekh Ahmad 242-243, 347356 Skopje 150-151

Vatikan 457, 479

Sunuhat 32, 205, 210, 221, 230, 237

Volkan (majalah) 90, 92, 95-97, 100105, 111, 117-120, 252, 450, 511

T

Volkan (surat kabar) 90, 95-96, 101, 104-105

Ta’liqat 156, 163, 189, 210

W

Tagi, Abdurrahman v, 5, 8, 32, 34, 43-47, 54, 90, 146, 163, 172, 185, 190-194, 201, 208, 220-221, 224,

Wahabi 18-19 Wahideddin, Sultan 245

527


Warsawa 192

Yuksel, Bayram 373, 462-463, 494495, 504

westernisasi x, xv, xvi, xvii, 49, 104, 278, 328, 335, 340, 402, 458

Yunani 56, 58, 87, 107, 133, 136, 152, 195-196, 217-218, 225, 232, 237, 246, 252, 295, 347, 423, 457, 461

Y Yegin, Abdullah 359, 362, 365, 373, 487, 495, 497, 504

Z

Yucel, Hasan Ali 364

Zakat 9, 217, 234-235, 459 Zulfikar 397-401, 428, 447, 456, 479

528

biografi intelektual badiuzzaman said nursi

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