#
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abdelsamie, R.E., K.N.P. Ranaweera and W.E. Nano. 1983. The influence of fibre content and physical texture of the diet on the performance of broilers in the tropics. Br. Poult. Sci. 24 : 303-390. and F. Yadiwilo. 1981. Water consumption and the effect of water restriction on performance of broiler in the tropics. Br. Poult. Sci. 24 : 423429. Aitken, J.R., 6 . E . Merrit and J.R. Curtis. 1969, The influence of maternal diet on egg size and progeny performance in meat type hens. Poult. Sci. 48 : 596. Akiba, M. and T. Matsumoto. 1978. Effect of force feeding and dietary cellulose on liver lipid accumulation and lipid composition of liver and plasma in growing chick. J , Nutr. 108 : 739-748, Andrews, L.D. and T.L. Goodwin. 1969. The effect of debeaking, floor space and energy levels on broiler growth. Poult, Sci, 48 : 191. Anggorodi, K , 1985. 'I'ecnak Unggas,
Kemajuan Mutakhir dalam Ilnu Makanan UI Press, Jakarta.
Ardjasa, W . S , dan Ismail. 1900, Pengelolaan Tanah Alangalang (Imperata cylindrica (L) Beauv.) untuk Penunjang Program Transmigrasi, Prosiding Pertemuan Pengelolaan Padang Alang-alang. Biotrop, Bale-Therik, J.F. 1905. Pengaruh berbagai inbangan lisin energi dalan ransum terhadap performans beberapa strain ayan broiler jantan dan betina. Tesis. Fakultas Pasca Sarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bartov, of in 15
I , , S. Bornstein and B. Lipstein. 1974. Effect calorie to protein ratio on the degree of fatness broiler fed on practical diets. Br, Poult. Sci. : 107-117.
Bayer, R.C., W . H , Hoover and F.V. Muir. 1978. Dietary fiber and meal feeding influence on broiler growth and crop fermentation. Poult. Sci. 57 : 1456-1459.
Becker, W.A., J.V.'~~encer,L.W. ~ i r o s hand L.A. Verstrate. 1980. Abdominal and carcass fat in five broiler 'strains. Poult. Sci. 6 0 : 693-697. Bell,
D.J. and B.M. Freeman, 1971. Physiology and Biochemistry of Domestic Fowl. Academic Press. London, New York.
Benyamin, E.W., J,M. Govin, F.L. Gaber and W.B. Termohlen. 1960. Marketing Poultry Product. 5th. Ed. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York. Brown, E S T , and F.L.S. Ward. 1960, Poultry Keeper's Text Book. Lock & Co. Limited, London and Melbourne. Brown, L,R. and E.P. Eckholn. 1977. Yayasan Obor, Bandung.
Dengan Sesuap Nasi.
Bundy, C , E , and R.V. Diggins. 1960. Poultry Production, Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New York. Card,
L . E . ,1962, Poultry Febiger, Philadelphia.
Production
.
9th. Ed. Lea
&
Genetic cherry, J.A., P.B. Siege1 and W.L. Beane. 1978. nutritional relationships in growth and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens, Poult. Sci. 57 : 1482-1487. Dawan Sugandi, J. Wahju dan R , Anggorodi. 1976. Pengaruh ~engyunaanBahan Makanan yang Tidak/Kurang Bersaingan dengan Manusia Terhadap "Perforrt~ance" Ayam Petelur Tipe Leghorn, Makalah Ceramah pada Peternak Ayam. Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Davis, F , and G ,M. Briqgs. 1947. The growth promoting action of cellulose in purified diet. J , Nutr. 3 4 : 295-300. Day, E . J . , R.D. Dushong, Jr. and B,C. Dilworth. 1970. Cilicatec in broiler diets. Poult. Sci. 43 : 190202, Deaton, J.W,, L.F, Kubena, T.C. Chen, F.N. Reece, B.D, Lott Some factors affecting the and J.D. May. 1972. broiler. quantity of abdominal fat in comniercial Poult. Sci, 51 : 1800.
Deaton, J.W., L.F.,Kubena, F.N. Reece and B.D. Lott. 1977. Effect of dietary fibre o n the performance of laying hens. Br. Poult. S c i , 1 8 : 711-714, Diclcinson, S. and H,R. Lewis. 1963. J.B. Lipincott Co., Chicago,
Poultry Enterprise.
Diwiyanto, K,, M. Sabrani, A . Mulyadi dan H. Resnawati. 1979, Evaluasi ayam jantan "final stock" petelur dan dwiguna untuk produksi daging. Bull, LPP, Bogor. dan P. Sitorus. 1980. Perforn~ans dari enam strain ayam pedaging. Bull. LPP, Bogor, Djojohadikusono, S , 1977. Pertanian dalan Rangka Pernikiran Pembangunan Jangka Panjang. Agronomi Menjawab Tantangan Tahun 2000. Konggres Agronomi. Perhimpunan Agronomi Indonesia, Jakarta. Dvorak, R.A. and D.J. Bray. 1978. Influence of cellulose and ambient temperature on feed intake and growth of chicks, Poult. S c i , 5 7 : 1351-1354. Essary, E.O. and L,E. Dawson. 1965, Quality of fryers carcasses a s related to protein and fat levels in the diet, fat deposition and moisture pick u p during chilling. Poult. Sci. 44 : 7. Ewing, W.R. 1963. Poultry Nutrition. 5th. Ed. Ewing Company, Passadena, California,
The
Ray
Farrel, D , J . 1979. Pengaruh dari Suhu Tinggi Terhadap Kernampuan Biologis dari Unggas. Laporan Senlinar Ilmu dan Perunggasan 11. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Ternak, Ciawi, Bogor. Ferguson, T.M. 1980. The digestive system of the chicken. Poult. Digest. April : 200-201, Fisher, H. and.H.S,Weiss. 1956. Feed consumption in relation to dietary bulk and energy level : The effect of surgical removal.of the crop. Poult. Sci. 35 : 418423. Francis, D.W., R.S, Hansen, R.C, Hutto and R.H. Roberson. 1968. Weights of selected organ and gland from S.C. White Leghorn males breed and reared at three altitudes. Poult. Sci. 4 1 : 734-739.
Frandson, R.D, 19'68. Anatomy and rhysiology Animal. Lea .and Febiger, Philadelphia.
of
Farm
Ganong, W.F. 1979. Fisiologi Kedokteran. Terjenahan Review of Medical Physiology. CV EGC Penerbit Buku Kedokteran, Jakarta. Gerpacio, A.L. and Casstillo. 1979. Nutrient Composition of Some Philippir~e Feedstuff. Technical Bull. 21, Extension Division, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Los BanOS, Philipines, Grey, T.C,, D. Robinson and J.M. Jones. 1982. Effect of age and s e x on the eviscerated yield, muscle and edible offal of a commercial broiler strain. Poult. Sci. 23 : 289-298. Hafez, E.S. 1976. Adaptation and Fiber, Philadelphia.
of Domestic
Heuser, G,F. 1955. Feeding Poultry, and Hall Limited, London.
4th.
Animals.
Lea
Ed, Chapman
Hill, F.W,, D.L. Anderson, R. Renner and L.B. Carew, Jr. 1960. Studies of'metabolizable energy of grain and grain products for chickens. Poult. Sci. 39 : 573583. Use of clover in Holder, D.P. and D , Burdick. 1980. broiler starter rations. Poult. Sci. 59 : 2355-2357. Hunting Technical Services Limited and Huszar Brammah and Associates. 1977. South East Sulawesi Transmigration Area Development Project Agric. Developldent, No. 2 , Jakarta.
.
Ibanez, R.S, C.T. Gonzalez. 1981, Functional modifications induce b y sugar cane final molasses in the digestive tract of poultry. Some observations. Cuban J. Agric. Sci. 15 : 59. Insko, W.M. and T.G. Culton. 1949. Fiber in chickstarting rations. Poult. Sci, 20 : 769-775. Jonsson, G , and J.M. McNab. 1983. A comparison of methods for estimating the metabolizable energy of a sample of grass meal. Br. poult. sci. 2 4 : 349-359,
Jonsson, G , and J'.M. McNab, 1903. Grass meal a s an ingridient in diets for broiler chickens. Dr. Poult, Sci, 2 4 : 361-369. Jull, A , M . 1951. Poultry Husbandry. 3rd, Ed. McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc., New York. Kar~lar,G.A.R., A. Mastageer and S . Kothby. 1974. Effect of crossing o n the size of digestive system in growing cockerels. Egypt J. Anim, Prod. 14 : 149-168. Kondra, P.A., J , F , Richards and G.C. Hodgson, 1962. Effect of sex, ration and strain o n meat yield and its determination in chicken broiler. Poult. Sci. 41 : 922. LaBonde, D., J , D . Olson and E.W, Kienhols, 1977, Kentuky blue grass compared to alfalfa for chick growth, Poult. Sci, 5 6 : 1679-1600. Lloyd, L.E., B.E. McDonald and E.W. Crampton. 1978. H.W. Freeman Foundamentals of Nutrition. 2nd. Ed. and Campsny, San Francisco. The energy Lopez, P.L., M.A. Chavez and E.S. Luis. 1970. protein requirements of broilers at different seasons in the Philippines. 1. During the cold-dry month (December - February). Phil. Agr. 6 1 : 351-363. Lubis, D,A. 1958. Kepentingan dedak padi dalam ransum makanan ternak di Indonesia. Disertasi, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Indonesia, Bogor. Merkley, J.W., B.T, Weinland, G.W. Malone and G.W. Chaloupka. 1900. Evaluation of five commercial broiler crosses, Eviscerated yields and con~ponentparts. Poult. Sci. 5 9 : 1755-1760. Morran, E.J,, Jr. and H.L. Orr. 1970. Influence of strain on yield of commersial parts from chicken broiler carcass. Poult. Sci, 49 : 725-729. Morrison, S,A. 1961. Feed and Feeding. 2nd. Ed. The Morrison Publishing Company, Clinton Ltd., New York. Mountney, G.J. 1976. Poultry Products Technology. The Avi Publishing Company Inc., Wesport, Connecticut.
Mraz, F.R,, R.V. Bdnchter and M.G, McCartney. 1956. The influence of dietary productive energy and fiber on growth response in chickens. Poult. Sci. 35 : 13351340. National Research Council. 1971. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 6th. Ed. NAS, Washington. Newcornbe, M , and J.D, Sun~mers. 1905, Effect of increasing . cellulose in diets fed as crun~ble or inash on the food intake and weight gains of broiler and Leghorn Chicks. Br. Poult. Sci. 26 : 35-42. Nordstrom, J , O . , R,H. Towner, G.B. Havenstein and G.L. Walker. 1978. Influence of genetic, strain, sex and dietary energy level on abdominal fat deposition in broilers. Poult. Sci. 57 : 1176. Olomu, J.M, and S.A. Offiong. 1980, The effect of different protein and energy levels and change from starter of finisher ration of performance of broiler chicken in the tropics. Poult. Sci. 59 : 828-835. Oluyemi. J.A, and F.A. Roberts, 1979. Poultry Production in Warm wet Climates. First Published. The MacMilland Press Ltd, London. Pig and Poultry Research and Training Institute. Random Sample Meat Testl Singapore.
1973.
Reece, F .N, and J.W, Deaton. 1971. Use of a time proportioning Thermostat for control house environment. Poult. Sci. 5 0 : 1622. ~ e s n a w a t i ,H. 1973. Pengaruh umur terhadap persentase karkas dan Cf isiensi ekonomis pada ayam broiler "Unsexes". Tesis. Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Ressang, A.A. 1963, Patologi Khusus Veteriner, Departemen Urusan Research National Republik Indonesia, Epps, 1958, The Richardson, C,E., A.B. Watts .and E . A , effect of added fiber with and without fat in a practical broiler ration. Poult. Sci. 73 : 1270-1203. Ricke, S.C., P,J. V a n ' ~ e r Aar, G.C, Fahey Jr. and L.L. Berger. 1902, Influence of dietary fibers on performance and fermentation characteristic of gut contents from growing chicks. Poult. Sci, 6 1 : 1335-1343,
Rochyati Joedodibrbto, 1980. Pemanfaatan Alang-alang untuk Kertas. Prosiding Pertemuan Pengelolaan Padang Alangalang (Imperata cylindrica). Biotrop, Bogor. Sabrani, M., A.P. Siregar dan Pramu, S. 1980. Tehnik Beternak Ayam Pedaging di Indonesia. Margie Group, Jakarta. Saito, M., I. Tasaki, K , Kibe, H. Yamada and T. Igarashi. 1959. Effect of various cellulose levels in the diet on the chick growth, Poult, Sci. 3 8 : 373-376. Salleh, M.S., N.L. Kamus and A.J, Farr, 1978, Ration strain effects on broiler growth performance processing paranleters. Poult. Sci. 57 : 1186.
and and
Satari, G., S. Sadjad dan S. Sastradipradja. 1977. Pendayagunaan Tanah Kering untuk Budidaya Tanaman Pangan. Menjawab Tantangan Tahun 2000. Konggres Agronomi, Jakarta. Scott, M.L., M.C. Nesheirn and R,J, Young. 1982, Nutrition of the Chicken. 3rd. Ed, M,L. Scott & Associates, New York. Sibbald, I.R. 1976. A bioassay for true metabolizable energy in feedingstuffs. Poult. Sci. 55 L 303-308.
. , J.D. Summers and S.J. Slinger. 1980. Factors affecting metabolizable energy conte~its of poultry feeds, Poult. Sci, 39 : 544-556. Siti Sundari, K.M,M. 1983. Pengaruh penggunaan tepung daun alang-alang dalam ransun terhadap performans ayala jantan tipe medium Babcock, Tidak dipublikasikan. Siregar, A.P. dan M . Sabrani. 1970. Tehnik Modern Beternak Ayam. CV Yasaguna, Jakarta.
., M.H. Togatorop dan M. Sabrani. 1981. Pengaruh Penbatasan Pemberian Jumlah Ransum Terhadap Performans Dua Galur Ayam Pedaging. Prosiding Seminar Penelitian Peternakan. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Ternak, Bogor. Siregar, M.E, dan Bambang R. Prawiradipura. 1980. Penggenbalaan Domba di Padang Alang-alang (Suatu Pengarnatan Pendahuluan) Prosiding Pertenuan Penc~elolaan P~ilang Alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica), Biotrop, Bogor.
Snedecor, G.W. and6W.G. Cochran. 1967. Statistical Methods. 6th. Ed. The Iowa State University Press, USA. Soeharsono, 1976, Respons broiler terhadap berbagai kondisi lingkungan. Disertasi Universitas Negeri Pajajaran, Bandung. (Imperata cylindrica ( L . ) Soepardi, G. 1980. Alang-alang Proceeding of Biotrop Beauv,) and Soil Fertility. Workshop on Alang-alang, Biotrop special Publ. BO: gor. (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Soerjani, M . 1970, Alang-alang Beauv,). Pattern growth a s related to its problem of control. Biotrop Bull. 1 : 1-08, Soewardi, B. 1976. Penelitian tentang pemanfaatan alangalany (Irnperata -cylindrica ( L . ) Beauv.), untuk makanan sapi, Disertasi, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Sturkie, P.D. 1965. Avian Physiology, 2nd. Ed. Constock Publishing Associates. Ithaca, New York. Summers, J.D. and S. Leeson. 1979. Composition of poultry meat and affected by nutritional factors. Poult. Sci. 50
: 542-546.
, W.E. Pepper and E.T. Morran. 1972. Poultry Feed Formula. Department of Animal and Poultry Science. ~ n t a r i b Agriculture College, university Guelph, Ontario, Canada, Padang Penggernbalaan, Susetyo, S. 1980. nakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Fakultas Peter-
Sutardi, T. 1980. Landasan Ilmu Nutrisi. Jilid I. Depertemen Ilmu Makanan Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian Bogor. Tasaki, I , and K. ~ i b e . 1959. A study on the digestion of cellulose in poultry. Poult, Sci. 38 : 376-379, Titus, H.W. and J.C. Frizt. 1971. The Scientific Feeding of Chickens. 5th. Ed. The Interstate Publisher Inc., Denville, Illinois.
Tjitrosoedirdjo, s'. Kasno, S. Yahya, D. Duryadi dan J. laan Alang-alang (Suatu muan Pengelolaan Padang drica), Biotrop, Bogor.
Wirjahardja, I.H. Utomo, A.H. Wiroatmodjo, 1980. PenjeloTinjauan). Prosiding PerteAlang-alang (Imperata cylin-
Van Soest, P,J. 1902. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant Metabolism. Nutritional Strategies the Cellulotic Fermentation and the Chemistry of Forages and Plant Fibers. 0 & Books Inc., Oregon. Wahid, A , , T.K. Mukherjee and S. ~ a l a l u d i n .1975, The influence of breed and sex on live perforlnance, dressing and yield of meat from 12-week old broiler, Poult. Sci. 5 4 : 1511-1518. bJahju, J. gas.
1978. Cara Pemberian dan Penyusunan Ransum UngFakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
, 1985. Ilmu Nutrisi Unggas. Gajah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
dan D. Sugandi, 1979. Penuntun Praktis Beternak Ayam. Cetakan Ketiga. Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Williamson, G. and E , M , Payne. 1977. An Introduction to Animal Husbandry in the Tropics. 3rd. Ed. English Language Book Society and Longman Group, London, New York. Weiss, F.G. and M.L. Scott. 1979. Effect of dietary fiber, fat and total energy upon plasma cholestrol and other parameters in chickens, J. Nutr, 109 : 693-701, Willis, G.M. and D.H. Baker. 1980. Evaluation of turfgrass clippii~gsas a dietary ingridient for the.growing chick. Poult. Sci. 59 : 404-411. Zainul, A , 1984. Pengaruh berbagai tingkat energi ransun dan strain terhadap performans ayam pedaging. Kdrya Ilmiah. Fakultas reternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor ,
L
A
M
P
I
R
A
N
m
o
m
v
. d'. a
P
M
P
x l ' d d '
. m. N C F
m
N
- N.
O N
m N o
o
P N
r
W
l
C
m
w m V ) w N
O
. . . . m m m w W
N
~
P
m
W
m
a
d
rl
m
-
ul 0 r l r l
o
* 0. 0 0 0 0
rl
a,
rlrln
m o m P P c l m m ~
u u
E
h
W
m
W W L 4
5
4
6
bls,cl
m u m 5 m
m u m 5 m
U
m m
U
h
C
X
C*
m m
Q
a
a a m
** ** a
m m
m
u
m
X
C
m =
m
X
m w -
o
rl
m
e
C N
o m - F F m
-
T a b e l Lampiran 3 .
S i d i k Ragarn Konsumsi Ransum ( m i l i l i t e r ) p e r Ekor p e r Minggu pada Percobaan Utama
db
Jumlah kuadrat
Kuadrat tengah
Ransu~n ( R )
4
552 677.020
Strain (S)
1
R x S
Sumber keragaman
Fta b e l Fhit,
0,05
0.61
130169.4600
85.604**
2.87
4.43
30165,643
30165.6430
18.69**
4.35
8.10
4
1 0 795.057
2 698,7643
207
4.43
Galat
20
32 201,107
1 614,0554
Total
29
625 919.630
R
S
**
**
n y a t a pada t a r a f Ftabel
0.01
n y a t a pada t a r a f F
0.01
tabel
S i d i k Ragam Konversi Ransuni per Ekor p e r Minggu pada Percobaan Utama
a b e l Lampiran 4 .
Sumber k e r a g a ~ n a r ~
db
Jumlah kuadrat
Kuadrat tengah
Strain (S)
1
0.00613308
0.00613300
1,115
R x S
4
0.0874544
0.0218636
3,97
Galat
20
0.1100321
0,0055016
Total
29
0.8296739
**
n y a t a pada t a r a f F 0.01 tabel R x S" n y a t a pada t a r a f Ftabel 0.05 R
.L
*
4.35
8,lO
2.87
4.43
m
o
m
. . .
v r 1 v v m v
m
o
m
- - . c y w w d ' d d '
w d ' w w N OD m
. . .
N
r
l
O
, A , ,
m l n w r l w m w a
E
C
3 . r l r n 4 - l U)
C
m
a
m
b
cl
m
X
r
a
m l m
w
Tabel Lampiran 1 4 ,
Sumber keragaman
S i d i k Ragam ~ r c s i n \ / ~ e r s e n t a s eLemak Abdominal pada Percobaan Utatna
db
Jumlah kuadrat
Kuadrat tengah
Ftabel Fhit, 0,05
0,01*
Ransum ( R )
4
3,1734
0,7934
4,8825**
2.87
4.43
Strain (S)
i
0,9963
0,9963
6.1311*
4.35
8,lO
R X S
4
0.2015
0.0504
0,3102
2.87
4.43
Galat
20
3.2505
0.1625
Total
29
7.6217
R
** * nyata
pada t a r a f F
S n y a t a pada t a r a f F
tabel
tabel
0.01 0.05
