DAFTARISI
HALAMAN JUDUL....................................................................................................
i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING..............................................................
ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PENGUJI........................................................................
iii
MOTTO..........................................................................................................................
iv
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN..................................................................................
v
KATA PENGANTAR..................................................................................................
vi
ABSTRAK.................................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................................
ix
DAFTAR TABEL........................................................................................................
xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR.................................................................................................... xvi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN................................................................................................ xvii BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah..............................................................................
1
1.2 Perumusan Masalah.....................................................................................
3
1.3 Pembatasan Masalah....................................................................................
3
1.4 Tujuan Penelitian.........................................................................................
4
1.5 Manfaat Penelitian.......................................................................................
5
1.6 Sistemātikā Penulisan..................................................................................
5
BAB II
LANDASAN TEORI
2.1 Forcasting..................................................................................................... 2.1.1
Pendekatan Peramalan....................................................................
ix
7 7
2.1.2
Prinsip-prinsip Peramalan.............................................................. .9
2.1.3
Tahap-tahap Dalam Proses Peramalan.............................................10
2.1.4
Horison Waktu Peramalan (Forcasting Time Horison)..................11
2.1.5
Time Series Forecasting (Peramalan Deret Berkala)................... .. 11
2.1.6
Metode-metode Peramalan............................................................ .. 14
2.1.7
Akurasi dan Kontrol Peramalan........................................................20
2.1.8
Pendekatan Tracking Signal......................................................... .... 21
2.1.9
Pendekatan Peta Kontrol................................................................ ...21
2.2 Penetapan Waktu Baku..................................................................................21 2.2.1
Pengukuran Waktu Baku dengan Jam Henti...................................23
2.2.2
Penyesuaian Waktu dan Penetapan Waktu Longgar.................... ..27
2.2.2.1.
Penyesuaian Waktu dengan Rating Performance Kerja.... 27
2 2 2 .2 .
Penetapan Waktu Longgar dan Waktu Baku....................... 36
2.2.3
Pengukuran Keija dengan Metode Sampling Keija..................... ..36
2.3 Perencanaan Produksi....................................................................................37 2.4 Perencanaan Produksi Agrégat................................................................... ..40 2.4.1
Ruang Lingkup Agrégat Planning.................................................... 40
2.4.2
Fungsi dan Tujuan Perencanaan Agrégat...................................... ..41
2.4.2.1.
Fungsi Perencanaan Agrégat.............................................. ....41
2.4.2.2.
Tujuan Perencanaan Agrégat............................................. .... 41
2.4.3
Strategi Perancanaan Produksi ( Agrégat ).................................... ..42
2.4.4
Prosedur Penghitungan Menggunakan Agrégat Planning..............43
2.4.5
Teknik Perencanaan Agrégat............................................................45
x
2.4.6
Biaya Perencanaan Agrégat............................................................
45
2.5 Perencanaan Tenaga Kerja........................................................................... 48 2.6 Langkah-Langkah Perhitungan Perencanaan Agrégat................................ 49 BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN 3.1 Tempat dan Obyek Penelitian..................................................................... 52 3.2 Metode Pengumpulan Data......................................................................... 52 3.3 Sumber Data................................................................................................. 53 3.4 Metode Analisa dan Pengolahan Data.......................................................
54
3.5 Diagram Alir Penelitian.............................................................................. 57 BAB IV PENGUMPULAN DAN PENGOLAHAN DATA 4.1 Data Umum Perusahaan.............................................................................. 58 4.1.1 Sej arah dan Perkembangan Perusahaan..........................................
58
4.1.2 Struktur Organisasi Perusahaan........................................................
58
4.1.3 Personalia............................................................................................ 62 4.1.4 Produk................................................................................................. 64 4.1.5 Proses Produksi.................................................................................. 64 4.1.6.1 Bahan Baku dan Bahan Pembantu..................................... 64 4.1.6.2 Mesin dan Alat-alat Produksi.............................................
64
4.1.6.3 Proses Produksi...................................................................
66
4.2 Pengumpulan Data.......................................................................................
68
4.2.1
Data Permintaan Produk.................................................................
69
4.2.2
Data Pengukuran Waktu Baku........................................................
70
4.2.3
Data Biaya Produksi.......................................................................
71
xi
4.2.4
Data Biaya Inventory......................................................................
72
4.2.5
Biaya Pengangkatan Tenaga Kerja................................................. 73
4.2.6
Biaya Pemberhentian Tenaga Kerja............................................... 73
4.2.7
Biaya Tenaga Keija Reguler..........................................................
4.2.8
Biaya Subkontrak............................................................................ 73
4.2.9
Biaya Lembur.................................................................................
73
74
4.2.10 Data Inventory Awal....................................................................... 74 4.2.11 Data Jumlah Tenaga Kerja............................................................
74
4.2.12 Data Kapasitas Jam Kerja...............................................................
74
4.3 Pengolahan Data........................................................................................... 75
BAB V 5.1
4.3.1
Peramalan Permintaan..................................................................... 75
4.3.2
Pengukuran Waktu Baku...............................................................
4.3.3
Perencanaan Agrégat...................................................................... 103
4.3.4
Perencanaan Jumlah Tenaga Kerja................................................ 103
78
4.3.2.1.
Metode Level Work Force.................................................. 104
4.3.2.2.
Metode Level Work Forece Plus Overtime 25 %............
104
4.3.2.3.
Metode Chase Stratēģi.......................................................
110
PEMBAHASAN Analisa Stratēģi Perusahaan Sebelum Menggunakan
12 ^
Perencanaan Agrégat................................................................................ 128 5.1.1. Analisa Biaya.................................................................................. 128 5.1.2. Analisa Keuntungan...................................................................... 5.2
129
Analisa Stratēģi Setelah Menggunakan Perencanaan Agrégat...............129
xii
5.2.1. Analisa Biaya.................................................................................. 128
5.3
5.2.1.1
Metode Level Work Force................................................... 128
5.2.1.1
Metode Level Work Force Plus Overtime 25%................
5.2.1.1
Metode Chase Stratēģi......................................................... 129
Analisa
Perbandingan
Sebelum
Dan
Sesudah
129
Perencanaan
Agrégat............................................................................................ 129 BAB VI
PENUTUP
6.1
Kesimpulan................................................................................................ 131
6.2
Saran........................................................................................................... 133
DAFTAR PUSTAKA................................................................................................. LAMPIRAN
134
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel2.1
Panduan dalam pemilihan metode time series forecasting...............
14
Tabel 4.1
Tabel Data Permintaan 18 bulan yang lalu........................................
70
Tabel 4.2
Hasil pengukuran waktu proses pengeijaan produk Kings Arm Chair N 275......................................................................................................
Tabel 4.3
71
Hasil pengukuran waktu proses pengerjaan produk Kings Arm Chair N276..........................................................................................................
71
Tabel 4.4
Jumlah tenaga keija..............................................................................
75
Tabel 4.5
Hasil tingkat kesalahan pada produk Kings Arm Chair NT275 ......
77
Tabel 4.6
Hasil tingkat kesalahan pada produk Kings Arm Chair NT276 ......
78
Tabel 4.7
Data hasil peramalan dengan menggunakan Win Q SB ....................
78
Tabel 4.8
Tabel pengamatan untuk elemen keija pengukuran kayu Kings Arm Chair N275...........................................................................................
Tabel 4.9
Hasil Perhitungan Keseragaman dan Kecukupan Data Untuk Produk Kings Arm Chair N275........................................................................
Tabel 4.10
79
83
Hasil Perhitungan Keseragaman dan Kecukupan Data Untuk Produk Kings Arm Chair N276.......................................................................
84
Tabel 4.11
Data input dalam pengolahan data pada perencanaan agregat..........
104
Tabel 4.12
Jumlah tenaga keija yang dibutuhkan dengan menggunakan chase Strategy.................................................................................................
Tabel 4.13
123
Jumlah tenaga keija yang dibutuhkan dengan menggunakan ketiga metode...................................................................................................
xiv
123
Tabel 4.14
Perhitungan dengan menggunakan metode Level Work Force........... 124
Tabel 4.15
Perhitungan dengan menggunakan metode Level Work Force plus overtime 25 % ...................................................................................... ... 125
Tabel 4.16
Perhitungan dengan menggunakan metode Chase Stratēģi................. 126
Tabel 4.17
Perhitungan dengan menggunakan stratēģi perusahaan.................... ... 127
xv
DAFT AR GAMBAR
Gambar2.1 Grafik Pola Data....................................................................................
13
Gambar4.1 Grafik permintaan kings arm chair NT275..........................................
76
Gambar 4.2 Grafik permintaan kings arm chair NT276...........................................
76
Gambar 4.3 Grafik batas control waktu pengamatan untuk pengukuran.................
80
DAFT AR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Bill O f Material (BOM) dan Operation Proses Chart (OPC) dari masingmasing produk dari masing-masing produk. Lampiran 2 Hasil Forcasting Produk Kings Arms Chair N275 Lampiran 3 Hasil Forcasting Produk Kings Arm Chair N276 Lampiran A Kriteria Penyesuaian Untuk Ketrampilan Lampiran 5 Tabel Penyesuaian Kelonggaran (Allowance)
xvii
