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Herawati, Akhlus S. Kinerja (Bht) sebagai Antioksidan Minyak Sawit pada Perlindungan terhadap Oksidasi Oksigen Singlet. Akta Kim. 2006;2:1-8.
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Mitchell R, McGill, Jaeschke H. Metabolism And Disposition of Acetaminophen: Recent Advances in Relation to Hepatotoxicity and Diagnosis. Pharm Res. 2013;30(9):2174-2187.
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Pharmacometrics, Ed. by D.R. Laurence and A.L. Bacharach. London: Academic Press; 1964. 43.
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Slattery JT, Wilson JM, BS TFK, Nelson SD. Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen: Evidence of glutathione depletion in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1987;41(4):413-418.
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Forrest JAH, Clements JA, Prescott LF. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Paracetamol. Springer Int Publ. 1982;7(2):93-107.
55
Lampiran 1. Ethical clearance
56
Lampiran 2. Surat ijin penelitian Laboratorium Hewan Coba FK UNDIP
57
Lampiran 3. Surat ijin penelitian Laboratorium Farmakologi dan Terapi FK UGM
58
Lampiran 4. Surat keterangan bebas Laboratorium Hewan Coba FK UNDIP
59
Lampiran 5. Surat keterangan bebas Laboratorium Farmakologi dan Terapi FK UGM
60
Lampiran 6. Tabel konversi perhitungan dosis TABEL KONVERSI PERHITUNGAN DOSIS LAURENCE & BACHARACH42 Mencit
Tikus
20 gr
200 gr
400 gr
2 kg
2 kg
4 kg
12 kg
70 kg
1.0
7.0
12.25
27.8
29.7
64.1
124.2
387.9
0.14
1.0
1.74
3.9
4.2
9.2
17.8
56.0
0.08
0.57
1.0
2.25
2.4
5.2
10.2
31.5
0.04
0.25
0.44
1.0
1.08
2.4
4.5
14.2
0.03
0.23
0.41
0.92
1.0
2.2
4.1
13.0
0.016
0.11
0.19
0.42
0.45
1.0
1.9
6.1
0.008
0.06
0.1
0.22
0.24
0.52
1.0
3.1
Manusia 0.0026
0.018
0.031
0.07
0.076
0.16
0.32
1.0
Mencit
Marmot Kelinci Kucing Kera Anjing
Manusia
20 gr Tikus 200 gr Marmot 400 gr Kelinci 1,5 kg Kucing 2 kg Kera 4 kg Anjing 12 kg
70 kg
61
Lampiran 7. Berat badan tikus dan rerata sisa pakan perlakuan 1. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2. No. 1 2 3 4 5
Berat badan tikus Kelompok K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
Berat 233 gram 189 gram 249 gram 217 gram 176 gram 255 gram 211 gram 274 gram 300 gram 257 gram
Dosis 1,45 mL 1,18 mL 1,55 mL 1,36 mL 1,1 mL 1,59 mL 1,31 mL 1,71 mL 1,87 mL 1,60 mL
Rerata sisa pakan perlakuan Kelompok P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
Rerata sisa pakan 2,83 gram 3,38 gram 2,36 gram 1,87 gram 2,78 gram
62
Lampiran 8. Absorbansi parasetamol pada darah tikus 1.
Absorbansi parasetamol pada darah kelompok kontrol Menit ke0 3 5 10 20 30 40 60 90 120 180 240 300 360
2.
K1 0 0,499 0,808 0,927 0,975 1,112 1,078 0,892 0,830 0,735 0,651 0,499 0,402 0,190
K2 0 0,523 0,836 0,927 1,141 1,001 0,943 0,895 0,843 0,749 0,671 0,496 0,426 0,219
Kelompok K3 K4 0 0 0,497 0,613 0,833 0,857 0,957 0,732 0,923 1,133 1,124 1,008 0,914 0,940 0,783 0,926 0,829 0,840 0,869 0,770 0,671 0,766 0,466 0,512 0,419 0,469 0,189 0,172
K5 0 0,539 0,854 0,937 1,169 1,014 0,953 0,920 0,863 0,765 0,699 0,526 0,466 0,226
Rerata 0 0,534 0,838 0,896 1,068 1,052 0,966 0,883 0,841 0,778 0,692 0,500 0,436 0,199
Absorbansi parasetamol pada darah kelompok perlakuan Menit ke0 3 5 10 20 30 40 60 90 120 180 240 300 360
P1 0 0,849 1,059 1,156 1,344 1,318 1,286 1,257 1,156 1,052 0,906 0,859 0,730 0,462
P2 0 0,835 1,037 1,193 1,293 1,314 1,277 1,239 1,145 1,022 0,931 0,812 0,763 0,455
Kelompok P3 P4 0 0 0,816 0,829 1,069 1,041 1,289 1,166 1,139 1,331 1,315 1,326 1,277 1,270 1,270 1,255 1,162 0,934 1,011 1,072 0,881 0,934 0,842 1,118 0,731 0,738 0,425 0,435
P5 0 0,837 1,193 1,041 1,337 1,307 1,294 1,276 1,143 1,030 1,109 0,859 0,765 0,452
Rerata 0 0,833 1,080 1,169 1,289 1,316 1,281 1,259 1,108 1,037 0,952 0,898 0,745 0,446
63
Lampiran 9. Kadar parasetamol pada darah tikus 1.
Kadar parasetamol pada darah kelompok kontrol
Menit ke0 3 5 10 20 30 40 60 90 120 180 240 300 360
2.
Kadar K1 0 16,871 27,069 30,980 32,581 37,102 35,980 29,842 27,795 24,660 21,888 16,871 13,670 6,673
K2 0 17,663 27,993 30,997 38,059 33,439 31,525 29,941 28,224 25,122 22,548 16,772 14,462 7,630
K3 0 16,805 27,894 31,987 30,865 37,498 30,568 26,244 27,762 29,083 22,548 15,782 14,231 6,640
K4 0 20,634 28,686 24,561 37,795 33,670 31,426 30,964 28,125 25,815 25,683 17,300 15,881 6,079
K5 0 18,191 28,587 31,327 38,983 33,868 31,855 30,766 28,884 25,650 23,472 17,762 15,782 7,861
Rerata 0 18,033 28,046 29,970 35,657 35,116 32,271 29,551 28,158 26,066 23,228 16,898 14,805 6,977
Kadar parasetamol pada darah kelompok perlakuan
Menit ke0 3 5 10 20 30 40 60 90 120 180 240 300 360
Kadar P1 0 28,422 35,353 38,554 44,759 43,901 42,845 41,888 38,554 35,122 30,304 28,752 24,495 15,650
P2 0 27,960 34,627 39,776 43,076 43,769 42,548 41,294 38,191 34,132 31,129 27,201 25,584 15,419
P3 0 27,333 35,683 42,944 37,993 43,802 42,548 42,317 38,752 33,769 29,479 28,191 24,528 14,429
P4 0 27,762 34,759 38,884 44,330 44,165 42,317 41,822 31,228 35,782 31,228 37,300 24,759 14,759
P5 0 28,026 39,776 34,759 44,528 43,538 43,109 42,515 38,125 34,396 37,003 28,752 25,650 15,320
Rerata 0 27,901 36,040 38,983 42,937 43,835 42,673 41,967 36,970 34,640 31,828 30,040 25,003 15,116
64
Lampiran 10. Ln kadar paraseamol pada darah tikus 1.
Ln kadar parasetamol pada darah kelompok kontrol
Menit ke0 3 5 10 20 30 40 60 90 120 180 240 300 360
2.
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
Rerata
0 2,826 3,298 3,433 3,484 3,614 3,583 3,396 3,325 3,205 3,086 2,826 2,615 1,898
0 2,871 3,332 3,434 3,639 3,510 3,451 3,399 3,340 3,224 3,116 2,820 2,672 2,032
0 2,822 3,328 3,465 3,430 3,624 3,420 3,267 3,324 3,370 3,116 2,759 2,655 1,893
0 3,027 3,356 3,201 3,632 3,517 3,448 3,433 3,337 3,251 3,246 2,851 2,765 1,805
0 2,901 3,353 3,444 3,663 3,522 3,461 3,426 3,363 3,245 3,156 2,877 2,759 2,062
0 2,889 3,334 3,396 3,570 3,557 3,472 3,384 3,338 3,259 3,144 2,826 2,693 1,938
Ln kadar parasetamol pada darah kelompok perlakuan
Menit ke0 3 5 10 20 30 40 60 90 120 180 240 300 360
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
Rerata
0 3,347 3,565 3,652 3,801 3,782 3,758 3,735 3,652 3,559 3,411 3,359 3,198 2,750
0 3,331 3,545 3,683 3,763 3,779 3,751 3,721 3,643 3,530 3,438 3,303 3,242 2,736
0 3,308 3,575 3,760 3,637 3,780 3,751 3,745 3,657 3,520 3,384 3,339 3,200 2,669
0 3,324 3,548 3,661 3,792 3,788 3,745 3,733 3,441 3,577 3,441 3,619 3,209 2,692
0 3,333 3,683 3,548 3,796 3,774 3,764 3,750 3,641 3,538 3,611 3,359 3,245 2,729
0,000 3,329 3,583 3,661 3,758 3,780 3,754 3,737 3,607 3,545 3,457 3,396 3,219 2,715
65
Lampiran 11. Parameter farmakokinetik 1.
Parameter farmakokinetik kelompok kontrol Parameter Farmakokinetik Kel t1/2e Ka t1/2a tmaks Cmax AUC0-inf Vd Cl
2.
Kelompok K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 Rerata 0,00445 0,00389 0,00416 0,00416 0,00374 0,00408 155,800 178,392 166,587 166,461 185,155 170,479 0,123 0,156 0,089 0,205 0,144 0,143 5,657 4,457 7,831 3,386 4,800 5,226 28,086 24,335 36,252 19,428 25,972 26,815 36,848 35,168 33,419 37,554 35,505 35,699 9386,096 9950,508 9341,139 9780,476 10454,477 9782,539 277,849 244,213 319,101 267,207 224,897 266,653 1,236 0,949 1,327 1,112 0,842 1,093
Parameter farmakokinetik kelompok perlakuan Parameter Farmakokinetik Kel t1/2e Ka t1/2a tmaks Cmaks AUC0-inf Vd Cl
Kelompok P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 Rerata 0,00271 0,00272 0,00292 0,00248 0,00265 0,00269 255,720 254,779 237,329 278,806 261,509 257,629 0,152 0,107 0,084 0,182 0,126 0,130 4,547 6,448 8,278 3,818 5,495 5,717 26,917 35,096 41,533 23,967 31,286 31,760 45,102 43,890 43,555 44,400 45,201 44,430 17902,400 17752,205 16839,270 18959,450 18531,310 17996,927 262,184 217,040 278,215 317,449 260,650 267,108 0,711 0,590 0,812 0,789 0,691 0,719
66
Lampiran 12. Hasil uji statistik 1.
Jumlah sampel tiap kelompok Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Tikus
K
t1/2 e
Ka
t1/2 a
tmax
Cp max
AUC 0-inf
Vd
Cl
N
Missing
Percent
N
Total
Percent
N
Percent
Kontrol
5
100,0%
0
0,0%
5
100,0%
Perlakuan
5
100,0%
0
0,0%
5
100,0%
Kontrol
5
100,0%
0
0,0%
5
100,0%
Perlakuan
5
100,0%
0
0,0%
5
100,0%
Kontrol
5
100,0%
0
0,0%
5
100,0%
Perlakuan
5
100,0%
0
0,0%
5
100,0%
Kontrol
5
100,0%
0
0,0%
5
100,0%
Perlakuan
5
100,0%
0
0,0%
5
100,0%
Kontrol
5
100,0%
0
0,0%
5
100,0%
Perlakuan
5
100,0%
0
0,0%
5
100,0%
Kontrol
5
100,0%
0
0,0%
5
100,0%
Perlakuan
5
100,0%
0
0,0%
5
100,0%
Kontrol
5
100,0%
0
0,0%
5
100,0%
Perlakuan
5
100,0%
0
0,0%
5
100,0%
Kontrol
5
100,0%
0
0,0%
5
100,0%
Perlakuan
5
100,0%
0
0,0%
5
100,0%
Kontrol
5
100,0%
0
0,0%
5
100,0%
67
Perlakuan
2.
5
100,0%
0
0,0%
5
100,0%
Hasil uji normalitas data pengaruh pemberian minyak jelantah terhadap profil farmakokinetik parasetamol pada darah Tests of Normality a
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Tikus K
t1/2 e
Ka
t1/2 a
tmax
Cp max
AUC 0-inf
Vd
Statistic
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
Kontrol
,215
5
,200
*
,955
5
,776
Perlakuan
,242
5
,200
*
,960
5
,806
Kontrol
,233
5
,200
*
,955
5
,775
Perlakuan
,224
5
,200
*
,960
5
,810
Kontrol
,186
5
,200
*
,987
5
,968
Perlakuan
,143
5
,200
*
,988
5
,974
Kontrol
,201
5
,200
*
,945
5
,705
Perlakuan
,151
5
,200
*
,967
5
,856
Kontrol
,218
5
,200
*
,961
5
,812
Perlakuan
,158
5
,200
*
,975
5
,907
Kontrol
,170
5
,200
*
,968
5
,860
Perlakuan
,223
5
,200
*
,913
5
,489
Kontrol
,208
5
,200
*
,923
5
,550
Perlakuan
,181
5
,200
*
,973
5
,896
Kontrol
,177
5
,200
*
,976
5
,915
Perlakuan
,229
5
,200
*
,963
5
,830
68
Cl
Kontrol
,165
5
,200
*
,963
5
,827
Perlakuan
,188
5
,200
*
,945
5
,702
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance. a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
3.
Data statistik tiap kelompok tikus Group Statistics Tikus
K
t1/2 e
t1/2 a
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
5
,00407972780
,000274126637
,000122593159
Perlakuan
5
,00269712000
,000155985487
,000069758830
170,479096609
11,4539973104
5,12238332004
829920
24269
1685
257,628618431
14,8945071830
6,66102611052
438200
27645
1743
Kontrol
5
5
Kontrol
5
,14310600
,042864090
,019169404
Perlakuan
5
,13025000
,038147003
,017059858
5,22606919674
1,66790022788
,745907657846
9445
1934
279
5,71698286521
1,74044517644
,778350745127
6155
2508
413
26,8146739056
6,16647524914
2,75773156773
70844
2414
0478
31,7597965211
6,91135484236
3,09085184882
85734
3327
9348
Kontrol
Perlakuan
tmax
Mean
Kontrol
Perlakuan
Ka
N
Kontrol
Perlakuan
5
5
5
5
69
Cp max
Kontrol
5
Perlakuan
AUC 0-inf
5
Kontrol
5
Perlakuan
Vd
5
Kontrol
5
Perlakuan
Cl
5
Kontrol
5
Perlakuan
5
35,6986385271
1,60294832713
,716860284777
20620
1813
261
44,4295873633
,725415300988
,324415584985
12020
269
648
9782,53915586
455,993310553
203,926407936
973400
765640
678430
17996,9273378
809,476730020
362,008998906
1966300
997500
239000
266,653455326
35,7895563981
16,0055761981
880360
15520
49765
267,107723967
36,1606095854
16,1715162281
029640
29930
70365
1,09323841562
,199821197738
,089362756297
9088
269
639
,718606093145
,088105330237
,039401901518
465
085
038
4. Hasil uji homogenitas varians Independent Samples Test
K
Levene's Test for
t-test for
Equality of
Equality of
Variances
Means
F
t
Sig.
Equal variances assumed
2,026
,192
df
9,80 2
8
70
Equal variances not assumed t1/2
Equal
e
variances
6,34
2
5
,039
,849
assumed
10,3
8
71
Equal
-
variances not
10,3
assumed Ka
9,80
71
7,50 5
Equal variances
,002
,963
,501
8
assumed Equal variances not
,501
assumed t1/2
Equal
a
variances
,029
,869 -,455
7,89 4
8
assumed Equal variances not
-,455
assumed tmax Equal variances
6
,162
,698
1,19
assumed
4
Equal
-
variances not
1,19
assumed
4
Cp
Equal
-
max
variances assumed
7,98
2,230
,174
11,0 96
8
7,89 8
8
71
Equal
-
variances not
11,0
assumed AUC
Equal
0-inf
variances
96
2
1,261
,294
assumed
19,7
8
70
Equal
-
variances not
19,7
assumed Vd
5,57
70
6,30 6
Equal variances
,006
,940 -,020
8
assumed Equal variances not
-,020
assumed Cl
Equal variances
3,934
,083
3,83 6
assumed Equal variances not
9
8
3,83
5,49
6
9
assumed
5.
7,99
Hasil uji t test tidak berpasangan pengaruh pemberian minyak jelantah terhadap profil farmakokinetik parasetamol Independent Samples Test t-test for Equality of Means
K
Equal variances assumed
Sig. (2-
Mean
Std. Error
tailed)
Difference
Difference
,000
,0013826078 ,0001410509 00
73
72
Equal variances not assumed t1/2 e
,000
Equal variances assumed
,0013826078 ,0001410509 00 -
,000 87,14952182 1608290
Equal variances not assumed
,000 87,14952182 1608290
Ka
Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed
t1/2 a
Equal variances assumed
assumed
Equal variances assumed
assumed
Equal variances assumed
,012856000
,025661348
,661 ,4909136684
,661 ,4909136684
,267 4,945122615
,267 4,945122615
,000 8,730948836 191395
Equal variances not assumed
885635
,630
514890 Cp max
8,402861400
,025661348
514890 Equal variances not
885635
,012856000
66710 tmax
8,402861400
,630
66710 Equal variances not
73
,000 8,730948836 191395
1,078057566 400849
1,078057566 400849
4,142275769 558204
4,142275769 558204
,7868507734 45966
,7868507734 45966
73
AUC 0-
Equal variances
inf
assumed
,000 8214,388181 949930000
Equal variances not assumed
,000 8214,388181 949930000
Vd
Equal variances assumed
,985 ,4542686401 49280
Equal variances not assumed
,985 ,4542686401 49280
Cl
Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed
,005
,010
415,4954814 95351500
415,4954814 95351500
22,75294281 0826816
22,75294281 0826816
,3746323224 ,0976637704 83623
38932
,3746323224 ,0976637704 83623
38932
74
Lampiran 13. Dokumentasi
Pembuatan minyak jelantah
Hewan coba dikandangkan individual
Larutan baku parasetamol
Pencampuran pakan dengan minyak jelantah
Pembuatan sediaan parasetamol
Penampungan darah pada tabung effendorf
75
Sentrifuge sampel darah+EDTA+TCA5% pada 2500 rpm
Penambahan etil asetat pada plasma
Pengambilan supernatan
Pencarian panjang gelombang maksimal dan pemeriksaan spektrofotometri
76
Lampiran 14. Biodata mahasiswa I.
Identitas 1. Nama Lengkap
: Faizurrahman Andi Kusuma
2. NIM
: 22010112140182
3. Tempat, Tanggal lahir : Grobogan, 14 April 1994 4. Jenis Kelamin
: Laki-laki
5. Alamat Rumah
: Jl. Ahmad Yani 269 Purwodadi, Kab.Grobogan
6. E-mail
:
[email protected]
7. Telepon rumah/HP
: 08574012498
II. Pendidikan No.
Tingkat
Nama & Tempat
Tahun Lulus
1.
Sekolah Dasar
SD Negeri 1 Kuripan
2006
2.
Sekolah Menengah Pertama
SMP Negeri 1 Purwodadi
2009
3.
Sekolah Menengah Akhir
SMA Negeri 1 Purwodadi
2012
4.
Perguruan Tinggi
Fakultas Kedokteran UNDIP
2012 - sekarang
III. Pengalaman Kepanitiaan No
Jabatan
Tahun
Nama Kepanitiaan
1.
Sie Perlengkapan
Mei 2014
Scientific Fair
2.
Koordinator Sie Lomba
September - Desember 2014
Porseni
3.
Ketua Panitia
September - Oktober 2015
Kemah Bakti
IV. Pengalaman Bekerja No.
Jabatan
Tahun
Nama Instansi
1.
Asisten Dosen
2014 - 2015
Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran UNDIP
