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Lampiran 1. Kebutuhan Air Irigasi untuk Berbagai Tingkat Irigasi Angka pada Boyoucos 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64
Tingkat Irigasi 100% 75% 50% 25% Air Tersedia Air Tersedia Air Tersedia Air Tersedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 0 0 224 0 0 0 288 0 0 0 352 0 0 0 416 0 0 0 480 0 0 0 544 0 0 0 608 0 0 0 672 37 0 0 736 101 0 0 800 165 0 0 864 229 0 0 928 293 0 0 992 357 0 0 1056 421 0 0 1120 485 0 0 1185 549 0 0 1249 613 0 0 1313 677 41 0 1377 741 105 0 1441 805 169 0 1505 869 234 0 1569 933 298 0 1633 997 362 0 1697 1061 426 0 1761 1125 490 0 1825 1189 554 0 1889 1253 618 0 1953 1317 682 46 2017 1381 746 110 2081 1445 810 174 2145 1509 874 238 2209 1573 938 302 2273 1637 1002 366 2337 1701 1066 430 2401 1765 1130 494 2465 1830 1194 558
63 62
2529 2593
Angkat pada Boyoucos
Tingkat Irigasi 100% 75% 50% 25% Air Tersedia Air Tersedia Air Tersedia Air Tersedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ml . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2567 2022 1386 750 2721 2086 1450 814 2785 2150 1514 879 2849 2214 1578 943 2913 2278 1642 1007 2977 2342 1706 1071 3041 2406 1770 1135 3105 2470 1834 1199 3169 2534 1898 1263 3233 2598 1962 1327 3297 2662 2026 1391 3361 2726 2090 1455 3426 2790 2154 1519 3490 2854 2218 1583 3554 2918 2282 1647 3618 2982 2346 1711 3682 3046 2410 1775 3746 3110 2475 1839 3810 3174 2539 1903 3874 3238 2603 1967 3938 3302 2667 2031 4002 3366 2731 2095 4066 3430 2795 2159 4130 3494 2859 2223 4194 3558 2923 2287 4258 3622 2987 2351 4322 3686 3051 2415 4386 3750 3115 2479 4450 3814 3179 2543 4514 3878 3243 2607 4578 3942 3307 2671 4642 4006 3371 2735 4706 4071 3435 2799 4770 4135 3499 2863 4834 4199 3563 2927 4898 4263 3627 2991 4962 4327 3691 3055 5026 4391 3755 3119
61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24
1894 1958
1258 1322
622 686
23 5090 4455 3819 22 5154 4519 3883 21 5218 4583 3947 20 5282 4647 4011 Lampiran 2. Analisis Gula dan Nikotin (Harborne, 1996)
3184 3248 3312 3376
Tahap analisis gula dan nikotin adalah sebagai berikut: 1. Daun cutter kering B gram direndam dengan 20 ml larutan 10% asam asetat dalam etanol selama 2 hari. 2. Cairan dipisahkan kemudian jaringan direndam kembali dengan 10 ml pelarut yang sama selama 1 hari 3. Larutan yang diperoleh dipekatkan hingga volume 10 ml. 4. Nikotin dipisahkan dengan gula dengan cara meneteskan NH4OH pekat 5. Endapan nikotin dikumpulkan dengan cara disentrifus. 6. Endapan nikotin dilarutkan menjadi 2 ml dengan etanol murni. 7. Indeks bias larutan nikotin diukur dengan refraktrometer. 8.
Dicari hubungan antara indeks bias dengan konsentrasi nikotin yang telah dianalisis dengan metode titrimetri.
Diperoleh hubungan
konsentrasi nikotin dalam g/ml (Y) dengan indeks bias (X) adalah Y = 3E – 92.X 681.9 9. Kandungan dalam daun dapat dihitung dengan rumus {(2.Y)/B}.100% 10. Indeks bias A ml larutan gula dari tahap 4 diukur dengan refraktrometer. 11. Dicari hubungan antara nilai indeks bias dengan konsentrasi gula terlarut. Diperoleh hubungan antara konsentrasi gula dalam g/ml (Y) dengan indeks bias (X) adalah Y = 5.717 X – 7.6028 12. Kandungan
gula
{(AY)/B}.100%
dalam
daun
dapat
dihitung
dengan
rumus
Lampiran 3. Pemisahan Transpirasi dengan Metode Rosenthal et al. (1977) dalam Handoko (1995). Tp = av (1-À) Etp
penutupan tajuk < 50%
Tp = (a- À) Etp
penutupan tajuk • 50%
TT = Tp • w / { 0.3 (• FC - • WP)}
• w < 0.3 (• FC - • WP)
TT = Tp
• w • 0.3 (• FC - • W P)
À= e (-0.389 LAI +0.1483) Pengaruh adveksi (A) = 0.1 T
suhu maksimum udara > 33 oC
T = Tp + A
• w • 0.3 (• FC - • WP)
T = TT + A
• w < 0.3 (• FC - • WP)
Keterangan : Tp : transpirasi potensial TT : transpirasi pada titik kritis kadar air tanah • w : K adar air tanah • FC: kadar air tanah padakapasitas lapang • WP: kadar air tanah padatitik layu permanen Av = (a-0.5)/0.5 a = 1.35 untuk Qn harian 24 jam atau a=1.2 untuk Qn siang hari. À= transmisi radiasi surya LAI = indeks luas daun T : transpirasi aktual
Lampiran 4. Pengukuran Evapotranspirasi dengan Metode Neraca Air. Evapotranspirasi harian dihitung perdasarkan neraca air sebagai berikut: P+I = E + Prk + R + ∆M. Curah hujan (P) diukur dengan penakar hujan tipe observatorium, Irigasi diukur dengan mengukur volume air setiap satuan waktu, Perkolasi (Prk) diukur dengan penakar perkolasi yang diletakan pada kedalaman 50 cm.
Aliran
permukaan (R) diukur dengan menampung aliran permukaan pada penakar aliran permukaan (Brakensiek et al., 1979). Kadar air tanah (M) diukur dengan Boyoucos Soil Moisture Meter dan tension meter sebelum dan sesudah irigasi. Satuan untuk setiap unsur neraca air dikonversi ke satuan mm. Tembakau yang ditanam adalah jenis voor oogst, sehingga selama pengukuran evapotranspirasi tidak ada hujan (nilai P, Prk dan R adalah nol). Neraca air menjadi: I = E + ∆M. Karena kelembaban tanah diukur sebelum dan sesudah irigasi maka evapotranspirasi harian adalah E = - ∆M. ∆M. = M t - M t-1 M
t
dan
sebelumnya.
M
t-1
adalah kelembaban tanah saat pengukuran dan sehari
Lampiran 5. Analisis Ragam dari Penelitian Rumah Kaca Peubah
Tinggi Tanaman Jumlah daun Berat Kering Akar Berat daun priming Berat daun lug Berat daun cutter Berat daun smoking leaf Berat daun leaf Berat daun Tip Berat total krosok Panjang daun cutter Lebar daun cutter Evapotranspirasi total Evapotranspirasi harian Evapotranspirasi 2 MSP Evapotranspirasi 4 MSP Evapotranspirasi 6 MSP Evapotranspirasi 8 MSP Evapotranspirasi T-P
Probabilitas dari F hitung > F tabel Tingkat gasi 0.0812 0.0001 0.0285
Iri- Waktu gasi 0.0008 0.4767 0.0008
• KT E
Iri- Interaksi 0.0066 0.0011 0.0005
16.0057 3.2916 1.4964
0.0105
0.0033
0.0001
0.2969
0.3214 0.0001
0.0055 0.0220
0.0022 0.0010
0.6062 1.3488
0.0061
0.0046
0.0001
0.6330
0.0564 0.0011 0.0001
0.8405 0.0019 0.0457
0.0030 0.0003 0.0001
0.6880 0.2514 2.7027
0.0001
0.1358
0.0011
2.8799
0.0001
0.3063
0.0401
1.7638
0.0001
0.0081
0.0013
193.1583
0.0001
0.0062
0.0099
1.9945
0.0287
0.4576
0.1960
2.1522
0.0217
0.1997
0.1173
3.0776
0.0171
0.0023
0.0324
3.2130
0.0240
0.0042
0.0157
3.0846
0.0461
0.0038
0.0168
3.0848
Kandungan gula 0.0017 0.2511 0.8139 0.5102 Kandungan 0.0009 0.7137 1.000 0.3970 nikotin Nisbah 0.0001 0.3220 1.000 0.5919 Gula/Nikotin Keterangan: Pr>F lebih kecil 0.05 : nyata; Pr>F lebih kecil 0.01:sangat nyata
Lampiran 6. Analisis Ragam dari Penelitian Di Lapang Pr>F dari • KT G Sistem Irigasi Tinggi Tanaman 0.0013 5.204 Jumlah daun 0.7398 1.549 Panjang Daun Cutter 0.4210 3.111 Lebar Daun Cutter 0.0069 0.981 Berat Basah Total Krosok 0.0012 1.778 Berat Kering Total Krosok 0.0245 0.531 Rendemen Daun 0.594 1.508 Kandungan Gula 0.7860 22.586 Kandungan Nikotin 0.4849 10.484 Efisiensi Pemakaian Air 0.0008 0.247 Evapotranspirasi harian dari Tanam-Panen 0.0001 0.008 Evapotranspirasi harian selama 8 MSP 0.0001 0.029 Evapotranspirasi harian selama 6 MSP 0.0001 0.073 Evapotranspirasi harian selama 4 MSP 0.0002 0.104 Evapotranspirasi harian selama 2 MSP 0.8489 0.143 Bobot basah daun priming 0.0082 0.094 Bobot basah daun lug 0.0004 0.017 Bobot Basah daun cutter 0.0001 0.037 Bobot basah daun smoking leaf 0.0051 1.075 Bobot basah daun leaf 0.0098 1.471 Keterangan: Pr>F lebih kecil 0.05 : nyata; Pr>F lebih kecil 0.01:sangat nyata Peubah
Lampiran 7. Evapotranspirasi pada Berbagai Tingkat Irigasi dan Waktu Irigasi Fase Tumbuh 2 MSP
4 MSP
6 MSP
8 MSP
T-Panen
Tingkat irigasi Setiap hari 2 hari sekali 4 hari sekali 6 hari sekali 75 % AT 50 % AT 25 % AT Setiap hari 2 hari sekali 4 hari sekali 6 hari sekali 75 % AT 50 % AT 25 % AT Setiap hari 2 hari sekali 4 hari sekali 6 hari sekali 75 % AT 50 % AT 25 % AT Setiap hari 2 hari sekali 4 hari sekali 6 hari sekali 75 % AT 50 % AT 25 % AT Setiap hari 2 hari sekali 4 hari sekali 6 hari sekali 75 % AT 50 % AT
Evapotranspirasi (mm/hari) selama 2 MSP 4 MSP 6 MSP 8 MSP T-P 7.31 7.26 10.14 10.39 10.24 4.86 7.29 8.84 7.31 8.03 4.88 10.53 12.83 10.78 12.22 2.68 4.32 8.05 7.93 8.02 4.01 5.61 8.96 7.57 8.37 4.63 8.32 9.82 7.87 9.08 5.01 4.21 4.50 3.67 4.24 4.26 5.23 6.61 5.42 6.17 3.91 5.66 5.97 4.47 5.45 3.51 5.88 5.39 4.40 5.14 4.14 4.59 5.93 5.27 5.41 4.15 6.11 7.31 6.96 7.32 3.38 4.25 6.34 7.05 7.75 4.91 6.17 6.69 5.02 6.11 8.60 8.90 10.75 11.55 11.63 5.10 7.72 8.33 6.72 7.68 4.45 8.55 10.72 8.87 10.00 3.02 5.96 7.52 5.64 6.86 4.63 4.56 6.02 6.98 7.51 4.29 5.44 7.46 6.52 7.00 3.53 6.73 7.78 6.28 7.22 6.53 6.28 9.33 9.42 9.52 3.98 11.56 13.42 10.07 12.25 5.58 8.07 10.82 10.70 10.86 4.10 5.57 7.45 9.24 9.25 3.81 5.80 6.97 5.73 6.37 3.17 3.35 5.96 7.19 7.23 3.89 3.42 4.65 4.63 4.87 6.29 7.60 9.55 9.62 9.38 3.78 6.77 7.68 5.89 7.26 4.00 6.51 7.00 5.74 6.62 1.75 2.89 2.86 2.14 2.61 3.67 3.73 4.18 3.29 4.01 4.94 5.86 8.05 9.35 8.96
25 % AT 3.42 4.15 4.58 6.27 6.83 Tukey (0.05) 5.59 8.00 8.35 8.01 8.02 Keterangan: Data pada kolom yang sama yang selisih nilainya < Uji Tukey (0.05) tidak berbeda nyata..
Lampiran 8. Tinggi Tanaman, Jumlah Daun dan Bobot Kering Akar pada Berbagai Tingkat Irigasi dan Waktu Irigasi Fase Tumbuh
Tingkat irigasi
2 MSP
Setiap hari 2 hari sekali 4 hari sekali 6 hari sekali 75 % AT 50 % AT 25 % AT Setiap hari 2 hari sekali 4 hari sekali 6 hari sekali 75 % AT 50 % AT 25 % AT Setiap hari 2 hari sekali 4 hari sekali 6 hari sekali 75 % AT 50 % AT 25 % AT Setiap hari 2 hari sekali 4 hari sekali 6 hari sekali 75 % AT 50 % AT 25 % AT Setiap hari 2 hari sekali 4 hari sekali 6 hari sekali
4 MSP
6 MSP
8 MSP
2MST-Panen
Tinggi tanaman (cm) 91.25 73.75 87.25 96.50 65.50 68.25 67.50 57.75 56.50 83.50 58.25 63.25 77.00 74.25 84.25 88.00 85.25 93.50 84.00 75.25 87.50 79.75 86.50 71.25 86.50 68.75 72.75 90.00 60.75 59.25 58.25 80.50
Jumlah daun 26.3 20.3 24.0 26.5 20.8 20.5 22.3 19.5 18.7 25.5 18.8 19.8 24.3 23.8 23.0 22.3 22.3 24.5 22.3 21.5 22.3 21.0 22.8 23.5 26.3 18.3 21.8 26.0 18.3 18.5 19.8 26.3
Bobot Kering Akar (g/tanaman) 1.472 1.587 2.076 2.235 1.348 3.033 1.221 1.456 1.052 0.839 1.470 2.502 1.035 1.321 5.565 2.049 2.128 1.924 2.354 2.154 2.305 3.169 1.894 2.206 4.709 1.548 2.672 4.858 1.075 2.648 0.457 1.816
75 % AT 50 % AT 25 % AT
64.00 96.75 91.75 Uji Tukey (0.05) 41.61. Keterangan: Data pada kolom yang sama yang (0.05) tidak berbeda nyata.
19.8 27.0 26.0 8.55 selisih nilainya <
0.846 4.678 4.615 3.891 Uji Tukey
Lampiran 9 . Bobot Kering Setiap Grup Daun pada Berbagai Tingkat Irigasi dan Waktu Irigasi
Lampiran 10. Analisis Tanah dari Tempat Penelitian dan Pusat Produksi Tembakau Lokasi
N total (%)
P Bray K Ca 1 (me/100g) (me/100g) (ppm) 8.70 0.35 5.18
Cikabayan, Bo- 0.260 gor Yogjakarta (K) 0.150 7.80 1.28 28.89 Yogjakarta (M1) 0.210 11.30 1.88 31.44 Yogjakarta (M0) 0.180 14.10 1.59 26.92 Sumenep (1) 0.090 27.00 0.41 22.66 Bali (2) 0.060 71.00 0.27 8.50 Bojonegoro (3) 0.090 48.78 0.21 16.19 Jember (4) 0.086 39.40 0.37 8.32 Malang (5) 0.200 42.00 1.17 6.81 Bojolali (6) 0.120 34.00 0.51 12.49 Keterangan: (K): Irigasi konvensional (M1): Irigasi Drip tambah mulsa (M0): Irigasi drip tanpa mulsa Sumenep (1): Rachman, Murdiyati dan Suwarso (1993) Bali (2): Murdiyati dan Rachman (1995) Bojonegoro (3): Rachman, Kartamidjaja dan Tirtosastro (1999) Jember (4): Hartono, Tirtosastro dan Rachman (1999) Malang (5): Djajadi, Murdiyati dan Isdijoso (1992) Bojolali (6): Djajadi dan Murdiyati (1991)
pH (H2O) 5.25 8.00 8.10 7.80 7.40 6.40 8.00 6.24 4.60 6.10
Lampiran 11. Arti Singkatan dan Istilah yang Digunakan Singkatan
Arti
MST
Minggu setelah tanam
MSP
Minggu sebelum panen
T-P
Treatment (2MST) sampai panen
BST
Bulan setelah tanam
ET
Evapotranspirasi
R
Resistance (tahanan)
SAP
Sicimic acid pathway
TAC
Tricarboxilic acid ciclic
%AT
Persen air tersedia
Tr
Transpirasi
[G]
Kandungan gula
[N]
Kandungan nikotin
Jadwal irigasi
Kombinasi antara tingkat irigasi dengan waktu irigasi
Tingkat irigasi
Kuantitas irigasi yang memberikan tingkat kelembaban tanah tertentu
Air tersedia
Kuantiítas air yang nilainya adalah kapasitas lapang dikurangi titik layu hermanen
Kapasitas lapang
Kelembaban tanah pada potensial air – 0.3 bar
Titik layu
Kelembaban tanah pada potensial air – 15 bar
permanen Sistem irigasi
Proses pemberian air ke lahan pertanaman yang terdiri
atas beberapa teknik irigasi.
Gambar Lampiran 1. Gambar Enam Grup Daun Tembakau
Tip (Daun Pucuk) Leaf (Daun madya atas) Smoking leaf (Daun madya) Cutter (Daun kaki-1)
Lug (Daun kaki )
Priming (Daun pasir)
Lampiran 11 . Kualitas Daun Tembakau Saat Panen
Peubah
H Kematangan 4 Struktur 4 Body 3 Minyak 2 Intensitas 3 Rata-rata 3.2 Lebar (cm) 19.6 Panjang (cm) 40.2 Keseragaman,% 90 Kerusakan (%) 15 Waste (%) 5 Warna V
KM0 C 4 4 4 3 3 3.6 26.2 41.1 90 10 5 V
X 3 4 4 1 2 2.8 20.25 38.45 40 10 5 G
H 4 4 4 3 4 3.8 23.4 45.2 95 10 4 V
DM1 C 4 4 4 3 5 4.0 33.1 54.2 95 8 3 V
X 3 4 2 2 3 2.8 22.1 40.2 80 10 4 G
H 4 4 4 3 4 3.8 24.3 46.2 95 8 4 V
DM0 C 4 4 4 3 4 3.8 27.7 48.1 95 8 3 V
X 3 4 3 1 3 2.8 20.4 39.6 60 10 5 GR
Keterangan : KM0 (irigasi konvensional), DM1(Drip+mulsa), DM0 (Dripmulsa) Kematangan : 1 (immature), 2 ( unripe), 3 (mature), 4 (Ripe), 5 (Milow) Struktur : 1 (tight), 2 (close), 3 (firm), 4 (open) Body: 1 (heavy), 2 (fleshy), 3 (medium), 4 (thin) Minyak: 1 (lean), 2 (oily), 3 (rich) Intensitas: 1 (pale), 2 (weak), 3 (moderate), 4 (strong), 5 (deep) Warna: L (lemon), F (orange), FR (orange red), R (red), V (greenish), K (variegated), KR (scorched), G (green), GR (green red), BK (green-scorched), GG (grey green), KL (variegated lemon), KF (variegated orange), KV (variegated greenish), KM (variegated mixed), KD (variegated dark red), LL (withish lemon) Variegated: > 20 % permukaan seperti terbakar oleh panas matahari
