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1. Kumala P et al, editor. Kamus saku kedokteran dorland. Jakarta: EGC; 1998. 2. Deepak Chawla, Ramesh Agarwal, Ashok Deorari, Vinod K Paul: Fluid and electrolyte management in term and preterm neonates. AIIMS- NICU protocols 2008. Available from www.newbornwhocc.org 3. Sjarif DM, Lestari ED,
Mexitalia M, Nasar SS. Nutrisi pediatrik dan
penyakit metabolik. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit IDAI; 2011. 4. Edelmann CM, editor. Pediatric kidney disease. United States of America; 1992. 5. Arant BS Jr. Adaptation of the infant to an external milieu. In : Gruskin A, Norman M, editors. Pediatric nephrology. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff; 1981. 6. Cheek DB, Wishart J, MacLennan AH, et al. Cell hydration in normally grown, the premature and the low weight for gestational age infant. 1984; 10:75. 7. Friis-Hansen B. Body water copartment in children: Changes during growth and related changes in body composition. Pediatrics. 1961; 28:169. 8. Shaffer SG, Bradt SK, Meadde VM, et al. Extraceller fluid volume change in very low birth weigt infants during first 2 postnatal months. J Pediatr. 1987; 111:124. 9. Dewey K. Guiding principles for complementary feeding of the breastfed child. Word Health Organitation [Internet]. 2001 [ cited 2013 Jan 28 ].
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http://www.who.int/
nutrition/publications/
guiding_principles_ compfeeding breastfed.pdf. 10. Joy NW, Kirsten W, Dianne LG. Iatrogenic newborn weight loss: knowledge translation using a study protocol for your maternity setting. International Breastfeeding Journal. 2011; 6:10. 11. Livingstone V. Mediacal alert :Insufficient breast milk intake and hypernatremic dehidration. British Columbia Medical Journal. 1995 12. Tehuteru ES, Hegar B, Firmansyah A. Pola defekasi pada Anak. Sari Pediatri. 2001;3:129 – 33. 13. Rochsitasari N. Perbedaan frekuensi defekasi dan konsistensi tinja neonatus sehat usia 0 – 4 bulan yang mendapat ASI eksklusif, non ASI eksklusif dan susu formula. Sari Pediatri. 2011; 13(3):191-9. 14. Macdonald PD, Ross SRM, Grant L, Young D. Neonatal weight loss in breast and formula fed infants. Arc Dis Child Fetal Neonatal. 2003; 88: F472-F476. 15. Sinan MK, Egemen E, Petek K et al . Meconium/stool and urinary patterns of healthy newborns. MMJ.2012;25:143-7 16. The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol Committee: ABM Protocol 3: Hospital guidelines for the use of supplementary feedings in the healthy term breastfed neonate. Breastfeed Med 2009, 4 : 175-182. 17. Registered Nurses Association of Ontario [RNAO]: Breastfeeding best practice
guidelines
for
[http://www.mao.org/page.asp?PageID=828&contentID=795], revisions 2007.
nurses. 2003
with
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18. Barness LA.Nutrition. In : Behman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, editor. Nelson text of pediatrics. Edisi ke-17. Philadepia: Saunders; 2004: 1197-8. 19. Noel-Weiss J, Courant G, Woodend AK: Physiological weight loss in the breastfed neonate: a systematic review. Open Med 2008, 2 : E11-22. 20. Gartner,L., Morton, J.,Lawrence, R., Naylor, A., O’Hare, D., Schanler, R., Eidelman, R.,(2005 ). Breasfeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics , 115(2),496-506. 21. Neifert MR. Prevention of breastfeeding tragedies. Pediatr Clin North Am 2001;48:273-98. 22. American Academy of Pediatrics Practice Guidelines. Subcommittee on hyperbilirubinemia: Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 weeks or more of gestation. Pediatrics 2004, 114:297-316. 23. Widdowson E, Dickerson JWT. Chemical compotitionof the body. In: Assali NS editor. Biology of gestation. vol II. New York: Academic Press; 1968, p 1 24. Solhaug MJ.Pathophysiology of body fluids and fluids terapy. In : Behman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, editor. Nelson text of pediatrics. Edisi ke-17. Philadepia: Saunders; 2004: 1197-8. 25. Guyton AC, Hall J E. Rachma LY, editor. Buku ajar fisiologi kedokteran. Jakarta : EGC, 2007. 26. Barret KE. Lange gastrointestinal physiology. Philadelpia: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2007. 27. Cunningham
CL,
Banez
GA.
Pediatric
gastrointestinal
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Biopsychosocial assesment and treatment. USA: Springer.2006: 127-160.
:
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28. Wyllie R. The digestive sytem. In : Behman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, editor. Nelson text of pediatrics. Edisi ke-17. Philadepia: Saunders; 2004: 1197-8. 29. Newell sj. Astrointestinal disorder. In : Rennie Jm. ( Editor ) Roberton”s textbook of neonatology. Edisi ke – 4. London : Elsevier 2005:692-710 30. Vanderhoff JA, Zach TL, Adrian TE. Gastrointestinal disease. In: MacDonald MG,
Seshia
MM,
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).Avery’s
neonatology:pathophysiology & management of the newborn. Edisi ke-6. Philadelphia:Lippncott Williams & Wilkins.2005:940-64. 31. Benjasuwantep B, Ruangdaragon N bowel Movements of
Normal Thai
infants. Southeast Asian J Fam Community Med 2010;17:22-8. 32. Biancuzzo.Breastfeeding the Newborn : clinical strategies for nurses. Edisi ke-2. USA:Mosby.2003:53-75. 33. Lawrence RA. Breastfeeding, a guide for the medical proffesion. Edisi ke-4. Missouri:Mosby;1994:91-148,215-73. 34. Weaver LT, Ewing G, Taylor LC The Bowel Habit of Milkfed Infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.1988;7:568-71. 35. Coazziari E, staiano A, Miele E, greco L Bowel frequency and Defecatory Patterns in Children : A Prospective nationwide Survey. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;31101-6. 36. Arias A, Bennison J, justus K, Thurman D, Educating Parents about Normal Stool Pattern Changes in Infants. J Pediatric Health Care.2001;15:269-74.
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37. Neu J, Nan Li. The neonatal gastrointestinal tract : Developmental anatomy, physiology and cliinical implication. NeoReviews.2003;4 :e7 – 13. 38. Rudolph AM, Heyman MA. Circulatory changes during growth in the fetal lamb. Circ Res.1970;26:689. 39. Rudd PT, Hughes EA, Placzek MM,et al. Reference ranges for plasma creatnine during the first month of life.Arch Dis Child. 1983; 58:212. 40. Siegal SE, Sokoloff B, Siegal B. Asymptomatic and symptomatic urinary tract infection in infancy. Am J Dis Child. 1973; 88:854. 41. Widdowson E, Dickerson JWT. Chemical compotitionof the body. In: Assali NS editor. Biology of gestation. vol II. New York: Academic Press; 1968, p 1 42. Cheek DB et al. Cell hydration in the normally grown, the premature and the low weight for gestational age infant. Early Hum Dev. 1984; 10:75. 43. Martin-Calama J, Bunuel J, Valero MT, Labay M, Lasarte JJ, Valle F, et al. The effect of feeding glucose water to breastfeeding newborns on weight, body temperature, blood glucose, and breastfeeding duration. J Hum Lact. 1997;13(3):209–13. 44. Hannah D. Buiter, Sebastiaan S. P. Dijkstra, Rob F. M. Oude Elferink, Peter Bijster,Henk A. Woltil, Henkjan J. Verkade.
Neonatal jaundice and stool
production in breast- or formula-fed term infants. Eur J Pediatr. 2008; 167:501–507. 45. Dahlenburg GW, Burnell RH, Braybrook R. The relation between cord serum sodium levels in newborn infants and maternal intravenous therapy during labour. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1980;87(6):519–22.
55
46. Merry H, Montgomery A. Do breastfed babies whose mothers have had labor epidurals lose more weight in the first 24 hours of life. Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine News and Views. 2000;6:3. 47. Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol Committee. ABM clinical protocol #3: hospital guidelines for the use of supplementary feedings in the healthy term breastfed neonate. 2009. Breastfeed Med. 2009;4:175-182
56
LAMPIRAN 1. ETHICAL CLEARANCE
57
LAMPIRAN 2. SURAT UJIN PENELITIAN
58
LAMPIRAN 3. CONTOH SPREADSHEET
59
LAMPIRAN 4. OUTPUT SPSS 1. Karakteristik subyek penelitian jenis kelamin
Valid
L
Frequency 437
Percent 55,1
Valid Percent 55,1
356 793
44,9 100,0
44,9 100,0
P Total
Cumulative Percent 55,1 100,0
Excl Breastfeeding
Valid
Yes No Total
Frequency 539
Percent 68,0
Valid Percent 68,0
254 793
32,0 100,0
32,0 100,0
Cumulative Percent 68,0 100,0
Statistics
N
Valid Missing
Mean Median Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum
Freq urin 1 793 0 4,78 5,00 2,148 0 17
Freq urin 2 530 263 5,69 5,00 2,543 0 16
Frekuensi urin hari ke-3 193 600 6,87 7,00 3,172 1 15
Freq urin 4 65 728 7,86 8,00 3,254 1 15
Freq urin 5 25 768 8,96 9,00 3,129 2 14
Freq urin freq urin 6 7 15 6 778 787 9,67 11,00 10,00 11,00 2,289 1,897 6 9 13 13
Statistics Freq defekasi 1 793 0
Freq defekasi 2 530 263
Freq defekasi 3 193 600
Freq defekasi 4 65 728
Freq defekasi 5 25 768
Freq defekasi 6 15 778
freq defekasi 7 6 787
Mean
3,79
4,66
5,20
5,03
5,56
5,73
6,67
Median
4,00
4,00
5,00
5,00
5,00
6,00
7,50
1,804
2,282
2,634
2,562
3,056
2,915
2,805
0 10
0 13
0 13
0 11
0 12
0 12
2 10
N
Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum
Valid Missing
60
Statistics
N
Valid Missing
Mean Median Std. Deviation Minimum Maximum
perubahan _bb1 793
perubahan _bb2 530
perubahan _bb3 193
perubahan _bb4 65
perubahan _bb5 25
perubahan _bb6 15
perubaha n_bb7 6
0
263
600
728
768
778
787
3,8609
6,3168
6,6584
4,7383
3,6701
3,5225
3,8491
3,7162
6,5176
6,7093
5,0000
4,2683
3,6450
3,8735
2,85528 -11,82
2,51524 -7,58
3,70547 -6,15
3,17777 -4,32
2,99346 -2,45
2,30184 -,50
3,32626 -1,50
32,43
19,29
25,18
10,10
8,34
7,62
7,62
2. Hubungan frekuensi kencing dan defekasi dengan perubahan berat badan Correlations
Spearman's rho
Freq urin 1
perubahan _bb1
perubahan _bb2
perubahan _bb3
perubahan _bb4
-,011
-,066
-,233(**)
-,159
,755 793
,128 530
,001 193
,206 65
,051
-,027
-,244(**)
-,434(**)
,242 530
,537 530
,001 193
,000 65
,003
-,115
-,230(**)
-,297(*)
,972
,113
,001
,016
193
193
193
65
,208
,137
,011
-,053
,096
,277
,932
,676
65
65
65
65
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N
Freq urin 2
Frekuensi urin hari ke-3
Freq urin 4
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N
Correlations
Freq urin 5
Pearson Correlation
Freq urin 6
Sig. (2-tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N
freq urin 7
Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N
perubahan_bb 5
perubahan_bb 6
perubahan_bb 7
,141 ,502 25
-,113 ,689 15
,035 ,948 6
,450 ,092 15
,233 ,402 15
,375 ,464 6
,614
,428
,527
,195 6
,397 6
,283 6
61
Correlations
Spearman's rho
Freq ddefekasi 1
Freq defekasi 2
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed)
perubahan_ bb1 -,106(**) ,003
N Correlation Coefficient
793
530
193
65
,090(*)
,009
-,110
,083
,038 530
,828 530
,127 193
,512 65
,007 ,922
-,064 ,380
-,128 ,077
-,044 ,728
193 ,142 ,259 65
193 ,256(*) ,039 65
192 ,165 ,189 65
64 ,022 ,859 65
Sig. (2-tailed) Freq defekasi 3
N Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N
Freq defekasi 4
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N
perubahan _bb2 -,049 ,256
perubahan _bb3 -,193(**) ,007
perubahan _bb4 -,126 ,318
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). Correlations
Freq defekasi 5
Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N
Freq defekasi 6
Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N
freq defekasi 7
Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed)
perubahan_bb 5 ,027 ,897
perubahan_bb 6 -,201 ,474
perubahan_bb 7 -,118 ,824
25 ,191 ,495
15 -,143 ,612
6 ,093 ,860
15 ,237 ,651
15 -,069 ,897
6 -,044 ,934
6
6
6
N ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
62
3. Hubungan frekuensi kencing dan defekasi terhadap penurunan berat badan Correlations
Spearman's rho
urin1
Correlation Coefficient
Penurunan berat bdana hari ke-1 ,021
turun_bb2 ,078
turun_bb3 ,246(**)
turun_bb4 ,365(**)
,552 773
,076 514
,001 185
,004 60
-,003 ,945
,003 ,944
,174(*) ,018
,024 ,858
514 ,219(**)
514 -,218(**)
185 -,219(**)
60 -,008
,003 185 ,096 ,466
,003 185 -,095 ,470
,003 185 -,093 ,479
,954 60 -,094 ,476
60
60
60
60
turun_bb5 -,045
turun_bb6 -,238
turun_bb7 -,573
,848 21 ,276
,412 14 ,223
,313 5 -,884(*)
,340
,444
,046
14
14
5
,264 ,668
,180 ,772
,228 ,712
5
5
5
Sig. (2-tailed) urin2
N Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N
urin3
urin4
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). Correlations
urin5
Frekuensi urin hari ke-6
Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N
urin7
Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N
* Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
63
Correlations Penurunan berat bdana hari ke-1 Frekuensi defekasi hari ke-1
Pearson Correlation
defekasi3
Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed)
,021
,064
,007
,022
,773
,627
773 -,007 ,866
514 -,002 ,966
185 ,126 ,088
60 ,066 ,615
514 ,170(*)
514 -,190(**)
185 -,175(*)
60 -,195
,021 184 ,092 ,482
,010 184 -,156 ,234
,018 184 -,191 ,145
,135 60 -,090 ,492
60
60
60
60
N Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N
defekasi4
correlations
defekasi5
defekasi6
defekasi7
Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N
turun_bb4
,101(*)
N Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N
turun_bb3
-,098(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) defekasi2
turun_bb2
turun_bb5 -,063 ,787 21 -,012 ,967 14 ,167 ,788 5
turun_bb6 -,283 ,327 14 -,149 ,611 14 ,404 ,500 5
turun_bb7 -,852 ,066 5 -,601 ,284 5 ,232 ,708 5
64
4.
Hubungan frekuensi kencing dan deekasi dengan peningkatan berat badan Correlations
Spearman's rho
urin1
urin2
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N Correlation Coefficient
naikperuba naikperuba an1 han2 ,052 ,083 ,832 ,777 19 14
Sig. (2-tailed) defekasi1
N Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N
defekasi2
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N
-,140
,145
,632
,621
14
14
-,075 ,759
,360 ,207
19 ,402 ,154
14 -,420 ,135
14
14
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Correlations
urin3
urin4
urin5
Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N
naikperuba naikperuba naikperuba han3 han4 han5 -,610 ,400 ,803 ,109 ,505 ,197 8 5 4 -,273 -,493 -,240 ,657 ,399 ,760 5 5 4 ,843 ,157
,673 ,327
,672 ,328
4
4
4
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
65
LAMPIRAN 5. DOKUMENTASI
66
LAMPIRAN 6. BIODATA MAHASISWA Identitas Nama
: SISKA RAHARDINA
NIM
: G2A009030
Tempat/tanggal lahir
: Surakarta, 17 Juni 1990
Jenis kelamin
: Perempuan
Alamat
: Jl. Bengawan Solo No 4, Surakarta
Nomor Telepon
: (0271) 637101
Nomor HP
: 085647509000
e-mail
:
[email protected]
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal 1. SD
: SD N Semanggi Kidul
Lulus tahun: 2002
2. SMP
: SMP N VI Surakarta
Lulus tahun: 2005
3. SMA
: SMA N I Surakarta
Lulus tahun: 2008
4. FK UNDIP : Masuk tahun : 2009 Keanggotaan Organisasi 1. Staff HIMA KU FK UNDIP bidang pengabdian masyarakat Tahun 2010 s/d 2011 2. Bendahara Umum BEM KM FK UNDIP
Tahun 2011 s/d 2012
3. MERC cabang Semarang
Tahun 2013
4. As-syifa Medical Team
Tahun 2012 s/d 2013
5. Asiten Kimia Kedokteran FK UNDIP
Tahun 2010
6. Asisten Anatomi FK UNDIP
Tahun 2011 s/d 2012
7. Asisten Parasitologi FK UNDIP
Tahun 2012 s/d 2013
