Daftar Isi ABSTRAK RIWAYAT HIDUP KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................
i
DAFTAR ISI .....................................................................................................
iii
DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. vi DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................
ix
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN......................................................................................
xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................
1
A.
Latar Belakang Masalah .............................................................................
1
B.
Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................
5
C.
Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................................
6
D.
Manfaat Penelitian .....................................................................................
7
E.
Batasan Masalah ........................................................................................
8
F.
Definisi Operasional ..................................................................................
8
G.
Kerangka Pemikiran ..................................................................................
9
H.
Hipotesis ....................................................................................................
14
I.
Langkah-langkah Penelitian ......................................................................
15
1.
Lokasi Penelitian ..............................................................................
15
2.
Sumber Data .....................................................................................
15
3.
Jenis Data .......................................................................................... 16
4.
Metode dan Desain Penelitian ..........................................................
iii
16
5.
Instrumen Penelitian .........................................................................
19
6.
Analisis Instrumen Penelitian ...........................................................
21
7.
Teknik Pengumpulan Data ................................................................ 29
8.
Analisis Data ....................................................................................
29
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA ............................................................................. 38 A.
Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Time Token..................................... 38
B.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Time Token dalam Pembelajaran Matematika........................................................................
C.
D.
42
Pemahaman Matematik................................................................................ 44 1.
Pengertian Pemahaman...................................................................... 44
2.
Indikator Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematik................................
46
3.
Contoh Soal Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematik...........................
46
Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematik.........................................................
48
1.
Pengertian Komunikasi Matematik...................................................
48
2.
Indikator Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematik ................................ 48
3.
Contoh Soal Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematika ......................... 49
BAB III HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN.................................. 51 A.
Hasil Penelitian .......................................................................................... 51 1.
Gambaran Pelaksanaan Penelitian ....................................................
51
2.
Analisis Data Kemampuan Awal Matematika (KAM) Siswa ..........
65
3.
Analisis Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematik Siswa ....................... 70
4.
Analisis Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematik Siswa ......................
iv
77
5.
B.
Gambaran Sikap Siswa terhadap Proses Pembelajaran dengan Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Time Token...............................................................................................
85
Pembahasan ................................................................................................. 107
BAB IV PENUTUP............................................................................................. 99 A.
Kesimpulan................................................................................................
99
B.
Saran.......................................................................................................... 100
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .........................................................................................102 LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................... 104
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Daftar Tabel No
Halaman
1.1
Desain Penelitian .................................................................................... 17
1.2
Skema Desain Penelitian .......................................................................... 17
1.3
Aspek dan Indikator Observasi Siswa dan Guru ................................... 21
1.4
Kriteria Validitas Item ............................................................................ 23
1.5
Kriteria Reliabilitas ...............................................................................
1.6
Kriteria Indeks Daya Pembeda ................................................................. 24
1.7
Kriteria Indeks Tingkat Kesukaran ...........................................................25
1.8
Rekapitulasi Data Hasil Soal Uji Coba Pemahaman .............................. 25
1.9
Rekapitulasi Data Hasil Soal Uji Coba Komunikasi .............................. 26
24
1.10 Revisi Soal..................................................................................................27 1.11 Indikator-indikator Pemahaman yang Diteliti ........................................ 27 1.12 Indikator-indikator Komunikasi yang Diteliti ......................................... 27 1.13 Penskoran Skala Sikap Apriori ..................................................................28 1.14 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ...................................................................... 29 1.15 Kriteria Penilaian Aktivitas ..................................................................... 30 1.16 Interpretasi Nilai Gain Ternormalisasi .................................................... 31 1.17 Perolehan ANOVA ....................................................................................36 1.18 Interpretasi Persentase Skala Sikap ........................................................ 37 3.1
Jadwal Penelitian ...................................................................................... 51
3.2
Rata-rata Aktivitas Siswa Selama Proses Pembelajaran .......................... 58
3.3
Jumlah Siswa dan Rata-rata Skor Aktivitas Siswa pada Pertemuan ke-1 ......................................................................................................
vi
59
3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9
Jumlah Siswa dan Rata-rata Skor Aktivitas Siswa pada Pertemuan ke-2 ......................................................................................................
61
Jumlah Siswa dan Rata-rata Skor Aktivitas Siswa pada Pertemuan ke-3 ......................................................................................................
63
Statistik Deskripsi Nilai Kemampuan Awal Matematika (KAM) Siswa Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol ......................................
65
Uji Normalitas Data Nilai Kemampuan Awal Matematika Siswa Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol ................................................
66
Uji Homogenitas Varians Data Nilai KAM Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol .....................................................................................
68
Uji Rerata Nilai KAM Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol ................ 68
3.10 Pengelompokkan Berdasarkan Kategori KAM Siswa ............................ 69 3.11 Statistik Deskriptif Skor Pretest Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol ...............................................................................................
70
3.12 Uji Normalitas Data Skor Pretest Siswa Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol .....................................................................................
71
3.13 Uji Rerata Skor Pretest Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas kontrol ............... 71 3.14 Statistik Deskriptif Skor Gain Ternormalisasi Kemampuan Pemamahan Matematika Ditinjau dari Keseluruhan dan Kategori KAM Siswa ........................................................................................
72
3.15 Uji Normalitas Rerata N-Gain Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematik Siswa Ditinjau dari Keseluruhan dan Kategori KAM Siswa .............
74
3.16 Uji Homogenitas Varians Skor N-Gain Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematika Siswa ..............................................................................
75
3.17 ANOVA Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematik Siswa ..... 75 3.18 Statistik Deskriptif Skor Pretest Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol ...............................................................................................
77
3.19 Uji Normalitas Data Skor Pretest Siswa Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol .....................................................................................
78
3.20 Skor Pretest Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas Kontrol ............................
79
3.21 Uji Rerata Skor Pretest Kelas Eksperimen dan Kelas kontrol .............. 79
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3.22 Statistik Deskriptif Skor Gain Ternormalisasi Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematika Ditinjau dari Keseluruhan dan Kategori KAM Siswa ........................................................................................
80
3.23 Uji Normalitas Rerata N-Gain Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematik Siswa Ditinjau dari Keseluruhan dan Kategori KAM Siswa .............
82
3.24 Uji Homogenitas Varians Skor N-Gain Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematika Siswa ..............................................................................
83
3.25 ANOVA Peningkatan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematik Siswa ..
83
3.26 Sikap Siswa terhadap Indikator ke-1 ...................................................... 86 3.27 Sikap Siswa terhadap Indikator ke-2 ...................................................... 87 3.28 Sikap Siswa terhadap Indikator ke-3 ....................................................... 88 3.29 Sikap Siswa terhadap Indikator ke-4 ........................................................ 89 3.30 Sikap Siswa terhadap Indikator ke-5 ....................................................... 90 3.31 Sikap Siswa terhadap Indikator ke-6 ........................................................ 91 3.32 Sikap Siswa terhadap Indikator ke-7 ....................................................... 92 3.33 Sikap Siswa terhadap Indikator ke-8 ...................................................
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Daftar Gambar No
Halaman
1.1
Desain Kupon Berbicara .......................................................................... 11
1.2
Bagan Kerangka Pemikiran ................................................................... 14
1.3
Alur Proses Penelitian ............................................................................ 18
2.1
Ciri-ciri Model Mengajar ......................................................................
2.2
Bagan Langkah-langkah Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Time Token ... 41
2.3
Kupon Berbicara .................................................................................... 43
3.1
Pelaksanaan Tes KAM dan Pretest .......................................................... 52
3.2
Kupon Berbicara ....................................................................................... 53
3.3
Suasana Pembelajaran Menggunakan Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Time Token ...........................................................................................
53
Siswa yang Menggunakan Kupon Berbicara untuk Mengerjakan Soal......................................................................................................
54
3.5
Pelaksanaan Diskusi Kelompok ...........................................................
54
3.6
Perwakilan Siswa Mempresentasikan Hasil Diskusi LKS ...................
55
3.7
Suasana Pembelajaran Ketika Guru Mengajukan Pertanyaan .............
55
3.8
Siswa yang Mengerjakan Soal Latihan .....................................................56
3.9
Suasana Pelaksanaan Posttest ................................................................. 56
3.4
38
3.10 Grafik Persentase Aktifitas Guru ........................................................... 58 3.11 Grafik Persentase Aktifitas Siswa ........................................................... 59 3.12 Model Normal Q-Q Plot KAM Kelas Eksperimen ....................................66 3.13 Model Normal Q-Q Plot KAM Kelas Kontrol.. .................................... 67 3.14 Rerata N-Gain Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematik Siswa Ditinjau dari Keseluruhan dan Kategori KAM Siswa ........................................
ix
73
3.15 Plot Interaksi antara KAM Siswa dan Pembelajaran dalam Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematik ..........................
77
3.16 Rerata N-Gain Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematik Siswa ditinjau dari Keseluruhan dan Kategori KAM Siswa ......................................
81
3.17 Plot Interaksi antara KAM Siswa dan Pembelajaran dalam Peningkatan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematik............................
85
3.18 Diagram Persentase Sikap Siswa pada Indikator ke-1........................
86
3.19 Diagram Persentase Sikap Siswa pada Indikator ke-2........................
87
3.20 Diagram Persentase Sikap Siswa pada Indikator ke-3........................
88
3.21 Diagram Persentase Sikap Siswa pada Indikator ke-4........................
90
3.22 Diagram Persentase Sikap Siswa pada Indikator ke-5........................
91
3.23 Diagram Persentase Sikap Siswa pada Indikator ke-6........................
92
3.24 Diagram Persentase Sikap Siswa pada Indikator ke-7........................
93
3.25 Diagram Persentase Sikap Siswa pada Indikator ke-8........................
94
x
Daftar Lampiran No
Halaman
A.1
Kisi-kisi Uji Coba Soal ............................................................................106
A.2
Soal Uji Coba ........................................................................................ 110
A.3
Rubrik Skoring Uji Coba Soal ................................................................ 113
A.4
Format Penelaahan Butir Soal ............................................................... 124
A.5
Daftar Nilai Uji Coba Soal .................................................................... 128
A.6
Analisis Uji Coba Soal .............................................................................130
B.1
Lembar Observasi Aktivitas Guru dan Siswa ..........................................143
B.2
Format Penelaahan Butir Soal Non Tes ...................................................147
B.3
Kisi-kisi Soal KAM ............................................................................... 151
B.4
Soal KAM ............................................................................................... 157
B.5
Kisi-kisi Soal Pretest dan Posttest ....................................................... 159
B.6
Soal Pretest dan Posttest .. .................................................................... 161
B.7
Rubrik Skoring Soal Pretest dan Posttest ................................................163
B.8
Kisi-kisi Skala Sikap ............................................................................. 168
B.9
Skala Sikap ...............................................................................................169
C.1
Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) .......................................... 172
C.2
LKS .........................................................................................................206
C.3
Bahan Ajar ............................................................................................ 214
D.1
Daftar Nilai Siswa ................................................................................. 222
D.2
Daftar Skor Skala Sikap ......................................................................... 226
D.3
Beberapa Hasil Uji Coba Soal ............................................................... 228
xi
D.4
Beberapa Hasil KAM ..............................................................................236
D.5
Beberapa Hasil Pretest .............................................................................248
D.6
Beberapa Hasil Posttest ...........................................................................256
D.7
Beberapa Hasil Skala Sikap .....................................................................262
D.8
Hasil Observasi Aktivitas Guru dan Siswa ............................................ 269
E.1
Surat Keputusan Pembimbing .................................................................282
E.2
Surat Izin Survey ......................................................................................283
E.3
Surat Pelaksanaan Uji Coba .....................................................................284
E.4
Surat Izin Penelitian .................................................................................285
E.5
Surat Pelaksanaan Penelitian ...................................................................286
E.6
Surat Keterangan Perbaikan Skripsi .........................................................287
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