DAFTAR ISI ABSTRAK

DAFTAR ISI ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... i KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ iii DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ v DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... vii DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ viii DAFTAR GRAFIK ............................................................................................. x BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................. 1 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah ................................................................ 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................... 3 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................... 4 1.4 Batasan Masalah ............................................................................ 4 1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................... 4 1.6 Sistematika Penulisan .................................................................... 5 BAB II LANDASAN TEORI .......................................................................... 7 2.1 Pendistribusian .............................................................................. 7 2.1.1 Pengertian Pendistribusian ................................................... 7 2.1.2 Proses Pendistribusian .......................................................... 7 2.1.3 Sistem Distribusi ................................................................ 10 2.1.4 Lembaga Saluran Distribusi ............................................... 10 2.1.5 Distribusi Fisik ................................................................... 13 2.2 Transportasi ................................................................................. 17 2.3 Penyusunan Rute Kendaraan ....................................................... 18 2.3.1 Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP)........................................ 19 2.3.2 Metode Clarke-Wright Algorithm ..................................... 20 2.4 Menentukan Ongkos Transportasi ............................................... 24 2.4.1 Perhitungan Komponen Biaya Tetap (Fixed Cost) Besaran Biaya Operasi Kendaraan .................................... 25 2.4.2 Perhitungan Komponen BiayaTidak Tetap (Variable Cost) Besaran Biaya Operasi Kendaraan ........................... 26 BAB III PEMECAHAN MASALAH ............................................................ 35 3.1 Flow Chart Pemecahan Masalah ................................................. 35 3.2 Uraian Tahapan Pemecahan Masalah .......................................... 37 BAB IV PENGUMPULAN DAN PENGOLAHAN DATA ......................... 48 4.1 Pengumpulan Data....................................................................... 48 4.1.1 Sejarah PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaya ........................................... 48 4.1.2 Alur Distribusi Pupuk ........................................................ 51 4.1.3 Data Permintaan ................................................................ 52 4.1.4 Waktu Loading dan Unloading ......................................... 53 4.1.5 Data Jarak Antar Distributor dan Gudang Lini III PT. PUSRI ................................................................................ 56 4.2 Pengolahan Data ........................................................................ ..78 4.2.1 Matriks Waktu Tempuh ...................................................... 78 4.2.2 Saving Matriks Waktu ........................................................ 79

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4.2.3 Penentuan Rute dengan Clarke-Wright Algorithm .............80 4.2.4 Menentukan Ongkos Transportasi .....................................92 4.2.4.1 Perhitungan Komponen Biaya Tetap (Fixed Cost) 93 4.2.4.2 Perhitungan Komponen BiayaTidak Tetap (Variable Cost) .......................................................94 4.2.4.3 Perhitungan Ongkos Transportasi Berdasarkan Jarak .....................................................................101 BAB V ANALISIS ........................................................................................104 5.1 Analisis Perbandingan Rute Pendistribusian ..............................104 5.2 Analisis Utilitas Terhadap Rute yang Terbentuk .......................105 5.3 Analisis Ongkos Transportasi.....................................................107 BAB VI KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .......................................................109 6.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................109 6.2 Saran ...........................................................................................110 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... xi LAMPIRAN

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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Gambar 3.1 Gambar 3.2 Gambar 3.3 Gambar 3.4 Gambar 3.5 Gambar 3.6 Gambar 3.7 Gambar 3.8 Gambar 4.1 Gambar 4.2 Gambar 4.3 Gambar 4.4

Fungsi Biaya Angkut Terhadap Jarak ......................................... Flow Chart Pemecahan Masalah ................................................ Flowchart Savings Heuristic ....................................................... Diagram Alir Perhitungan Menentukan Ongkos Transportasi.... Diagram Alir Perhitungan Biaya Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Minyak ........................................................................................ Diagram Alir Perhitungan Biaya Konsumsi Oli ......................... Diagram Alir Perhitungan Biaya Pemeliharaan Kendaraan........ Diagram Alir Perhitungan Biaya Konsumsi Ban ........................ Diagram Alir Perhitungan Biaya Upah Pemeliharaan kendaraan Gambar Sejarah Didirikannya PT. Pusri ..................................... Gambar Skema Alur Pendistribusian Pupuk ............................... Peta Provinsi Banten ................................................................... Rute Pendistribusian Pupuk .........................................................

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24 36 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 49 52 56 69

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Tabel 2.2 Tabel 2.3 Tabel 2.4 Tabel 2.5 Tabel 2.6 Tabel 2.7 Tabel 2.8 Tabel 2.9 Tabel 4.1 Tabel 4.2 Tabel 4.3 Tabel 4.4 Tabel 4.5. Tabel 4.6 Tabel 4.7 Tabel 4.8. Tabel 4.9 Tabel 4.10 Tabel 4.11 Tabel 4.12 Tabel 4.13 Tabel 4.14 Tabel 4.15 Tabel 4.16 Tabel 5.1 Tabel 5.2 Tabel 5.3 Tabel 5.4 Tabel 5.5

Berat Kendaraan Total yang direkomendasikan ............................ Kecepatan rata-rata Kendaraan yang direkomendasikan ............... Alinyemen Vertikal yang Direkomendasikan Pada Berbagai Medan Jalan ................................................................................... Nilai tipikal , 1, 2 dan 3 .............................................................. Nilai tipikal tanjakan dan turunan pada berbagai medan jalan ...... Nilai tipikal derajat tikungan pada berbagai medan jalan .............. Nilai tipikal JPO, KAPO dan OHO yang direkomendasikan ........ Nilai tipikal , 1 dan 2 ................................................................. Nilai tipikal a0,a1 ............................................................................ Data Permintaan Tiap Distributor .................................................. Data Waktu Loading dan Unloading ............................................. Data Jarak Antar Distributor dan Gudang Lini III PT. PUSRI (Km) ............................................................................................... Matriks Waktu Tempuh (Jam) ....................................................... Saving Matriks Waktu (jam) .......................................................... Pengurutan Nilai Saving dari Terbesar Hingga Terkecil ............... Rekapitulasi Hasil Penentuan Rute Akhir dengan metode Clarke-Wright Algoritmh ............................................................... Rekapitulasi Rute berdasarkan Jalur PT. PUSRI ........................... Data Jarak dan Kondisi Medan Jalan ............................................. Data Kondisi Jalan Pada Rute dengan Kondisi Medan Jalan Datar ............................................................................................... Data Kondisi Lalu Lintas Pada Rute dengan Kondisi Medan Jalan Datar...................................................................................... Data Kondisi Jalan Pada Rute dengan Kondisi Medan Jalan Bukit ............................................................................................... Data Kondisi Lalu Lintas Pada Rute dengan Kondisi Medan Jalan Bukit ...................................................................................... Daftar Satuan Biaya ....................................................................... Perhitungan Ongkos Transportasi berdasarkan Jalur Metode Clarke-Wright Algoritmh ............................................................... Perhitungan Ongkos Transportasi berdasarkan Jalur PT. PUSRI ............................................................................................ Rekapitulasi Hasil Rute Metode Clarke-Wright Algorithm dan rute yang terbentuk berdasarkan Jalur PT. PUSRI ................. Utilitas Kapasitas Metode Clarke-Wright Algorithm ..................... Utilitas Kapasitas berdasarkan Jalur PT. PUSRI .......................... Biaya Ongkos Transportasi dengan metode clarke-wright algorithm ........................................................................................ Biaya Ongkos Transportasi berdasarkan Jalur PT. PUSRI ..........

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28 28 29 30 31 31 32 33 34 52 54 77 79 80 81 90 92 93 95 95 96 96 97 102 103 104 105 106 107 108

Tabel 5.6

Perbandingan antar Jalur PT. PUSRI dan Metode ClarkeWright Algoritmh ........................................................................... 108

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DAFTAR GRAFIK

Tabel 1.1 Tabel 1.2

Tonase Penjualan Pupuk di Provinsi Banten ................................. Produksi Hasil Pertanian di Provinsi Banten .................................

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2 2