CH APTER 3 M ETHO DO LO GY
3.1
Research Methodology
Figure 3.1 : Methodolo gy Framework
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19
Figure 3.1 sho ws the whole framework of this research. The framework starts with the questionnaire. The m ain processes of this r esearch are pop ulatin g and sampling process, pr e testin g process, online learning sy stem usin g adm inistering pro cess, an d po st testing process. These processes will be explained in the follo win g subchapters.
3.2
Questionnaire The questionnair e is based on the UTAUT model dev eloped by
Venkatesh. Venk atesh mentioned that there are four expectancies that can lead to beh avioral intention and use beh avior. Perform ance expectancy will be the main factor of expectancy that will be used in this research sin ce this research focuses on perform ance expectancy. Effort expectancy can also becom e a factor that can affect the use behavior in online learn ing sy stem . But this expectancy is not calculated because the in experienced gro ups were assured to be homogeno us with the experienced group s. By doin g so, it can be assured that all the respondents have a goo d knowledge of using internet in their daily life. They will not have bad effort expectation in usin g a f ull learnin g sy stem in an internet. In Jakarta, social expectancy m ay not match to create a behavior al intention and use behavior in online learnin g system. Conv entional face to face class system is still the only accepted learning system in Jakarta’s cultur e. Those gr aduatin g from high schoo l wo uld likely choo se universities with conventional learn in g sy stem , in this case is face to face class system. They would not likely con sider onlin e learnin g system if they haven’t got certain conditions forcing them to consider it, such as havin g to work full time. Facilitatin g condition also will not become an important factor in
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gen erating use behav ior in online learning system . Any university that provides online learnin g sy stem will en sure all the students hav e enough resour ce to study online. Further study can also be conducted in another resear ch to prove these statem ents statistically. From the perform ance expectancy briefed by Venkatesh, there are some indicators used to calculate user’s expectancy. St udy p erformance, tim e needed to learn/lect ure, and dir ect lectur e needed will be in dicators for perform ance expectancy. Variables, param eters, indicators, and scales are sho wn in table 3.2 belo w. Table 3.1 : Variables, Param eters, Indicators an d Scales Variables St udent’s learnin g effectiveness Lectur er’s Lectur ing Effectiveness
3.2.1
Parameters Indicators Performance St udy Performance Expectancy Time needed to learn Easier to learn Performance Lecturin g Performance Expectancy Time needed to lecture Easier to lect ure
Scale Or dinal
Or dinal
Pre Test Q uestionnaire The purpo se of pretest questionnaire is to calculate the homogeneity an d
normality of the sample. Inexperienced and experienced gro ups are exp ected to be homogeno us as it is the requir ed con dition for the T-Test calculation; an d distributed normally to represent the population. To calculate norm ality, the entire sample will be questioned abo ut their face to face class system performance expectation. At this point, they are not asked
abo ut
onlin e learning
sy stem
performance exp ectation
because
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inexperienced students m ight not have eno ugh kno wledge abo ut online learn in g system . Below are the questions for the students an d lecturer s. Table 3.2: Pre Test Questionnair e for St udents Parameters Performance Expectancy
Questions 1. Usin g the face to face class system wo uld help m e to accomplish assignment m ore quickly. 2. Usin g the face to face class system wo uld decrease tim e to learn and under stan d the m aterials. 3. Usin g the face to face class sy stem would m ake me get a high er o utput on m y learning with the same amount of effort 4. Usin g the face to face class sy stem would m ake me get a higher quality of my kno wledge about the materials. 5. Usin g the face to face class sy stem would m ake me increase the quality of my assignm ent and m y exam. 6. Usin g the face to face class system wo uld decrease the effort I need to find m aterial an d additional material from many resour ces. 7. Usin g the face to face class system wo uld decrease the effort I need to learn m aterials 8. Usin g the face to face class system m akes it easier to learn the m aterials
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Table 3.3: Pre Test Questionnaire for Lecturer s Parameters Performance Expectancy
Questions 1. Usin g the face to face class sy stem wo uld help m e to accomplish lecturing assignm ents (assessm ent and adm inistration) more quickly 2. Usin g the face to face class system wo uld decrease the tim e I need to make the students un der stan d the materials 3. Usin g the face to face class sy stem would m ake students get a high er result o utput from m y lecturin g on the sam e am ount of effort 4. Usin g the face to face class sy stem would m ake students get a h igher quality of knowledge about the materials. 5. Usin g the face to face class sy stem would m ake students get a h igher quality of knowledge about the materials 6. Usin g the face to face class system wo uld decrease the effort I need to find m aterial an d additional material from many resources for m y students an d share it to my students. 7. Usin g the face to face class system wo uld decrease the effort I need to prepare for lect ure an d lecture. 8. Usin g the face to face class sy stem m akes it easier to lecture the materials.
Furthermore, in or der to calculate the hom o geneity between experienced and inexperienced user s, there will be demographic questions. As mentioned before, Due to this time limitation, it is not possible to compare the differen ce of perform ance expectation from the same sam ple of students an d lectur ers sin ce it wo uld need year s to com pare the same students before an d after they experience the system . Thus, this resear ch gather s two group s of sample; the first group consists of st udents an d lecturer s who h ave not exper ienced the system, an d the second gro up con sists of students an d lecturers who hav e experien ced the sy stem .
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Final statistic calculation of this r esearch is T Test. The final calculation will calculate and com pare the performance exp ectation bet ween the exper ienced an d the inexperienced. Due to this m atter, the inexperienced samples must be assured to be homogenous with the exper ienced sam ples. It means that they have the same capability of usin g the online learning system. There are no specific cr iteria of capable onlin e learnin g sy stem user s. For this r eason, this resear ch tries as m uch as possible to en sure that inexper ienced users hav e the same cap ability of usin g the online learnin g sy stem as the exper ienced user s. They will be asked for their gen der, age, financial con dition, computer an d internet experience. Gen der an d age is ask ed based on the Venkatesh’s article that conclude that gen der and age will affect the performance expectation of a system . Besides, experienced onlin e learnin g system user s are believed to have a specific finan cial condition, com puter, an d internet experience. Below are the demo graphic questions for students an d lecturer s.
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Table 3.4 : Dem ograph ic Questions for St udents Questions 1. Birth Date 2. Gen der 3. Ho w m uch m oney do you spend a month?
4. Do yo u have a computer in your livin g place? 5. Ho w often do yo u use com puter a day?
6. Ho w often do you connect to internet?
7. Ho w often do yo u explore data (m usic / n ews / videos) in the internet?
Answer Cho ices 1. Male. 2. Female. 1. < 1 Million 2. 1-2 Million 3. > 2 Million 1. Yes. 2. No. 1. < 1 Ho ur 2. 1-2 Ho ur 3. 3-6 Ho ur 4. More than 6 Hour 1. once a week 2. 2-3 tim es a week 3. every day 4. every time I turn on my computer 1. once a week 2. 2-3 tim es a week 3. every day 4. every time I turn on my computer
Description s
Respon dents m ust have a com puter
Respon dents m ust seldom or often usin g internet
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Table 3.5 : Demographic Questions for Lectur ers Questions 1. Birth Date 2. Gen der 3. Ho w m uch m oney do you earn a month? 4. Do yo u have a computer in your livin g place or off ice? 5. Ho w often do yo u use com puter a day?
6. Ho w often do you connect to internet?
7. Ho w often do yo u explore data (m usic / n ews / videos) in the internet?
3.2.2
Answer Cho ices 1. Male. 2. Female. 1. < 2 Million 2. 2-5 Million 3. > 5 Million 1. Yes. 2. No. 1. < 1 Ho ur 2. 1-2 Ho ur 3. 3-6 Ho ur 4. More than 6 Hour 1. once a week 2. 2-3 tim es a week 3. every day 4. every time I turn on my computer 1. once a week 2. 2-3 tim es a week 3. every day 4. every time I turn on my computer
Description s
Respon dents m ust have a com puter
Respon dents m ust seldom or often usin g internet
Post Test Q uestionnaire Post test questionnaire is the final data gathering con ducted to calculate
the performance expectation of online learnin g system . If the experienced user s have a signif icant higher performance exp ectation than the inexperienced, then online learnin g sy stem can give a goo d performance expectation to them along their study with online learn ing system. Below ar e the questions in the post test questionnaire.
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Table 3.6 : Post Test Questionnaire for St udents Parameters Performance Expectancy
Questions 1. Usin g the onlin e learning sy stem wo uld help m e to accomplish assignment m ore quickly. 2. Usin g the online learnin g sy stem would decrease tim e to learn and under stan d the m aterials. 3. Usin g the online learn in g system would m ake me get a high er o utput on m y learning with the same amount of effort 4. Usin g the online learn in g system would m ake me get a higher quality of my kno wledge about the materials. 5. Usin g the online learn in g system would m ake me increase the quality of my assignment and m y exam output. 6. Usin g the onlin e learning system wo uld decrease the effort I need to find m aterial and additional material from m any resources. 7. Usin g the onlin e learning system wo uld decrease the effort I need to learn m aterials 8. Usin g the onlin e learning sy stem makes it easier to learn the m aterials
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Table 3.7 : Post Test Questionnaire for Lect urer s Parameters Performance Expectancy
3.2.3
Questions 1. Usin g the onlin e learning sy stem wo uld help m e to accomplish lecturing assignm ents (assessm ent and adm inistration) more quickly 2. Usin g the onlin e learning system wo uld decrease the tim e I need to m ake the students un derstand the materials 3. Usin g the online learn ing sy stem would m ake students get a high er result o utput from m y lecturin g on the sam e am ount of effort 4. Usin g the online learn ing sy stem would m ake students get a h igher quality of knowledge about the materials. 5. Usin g the online learn ing sy stem would m ake students get a h igher quality of knowledge about the materials 6. Usin g the onlin e learning system wo uld decrease the effort I need to find m aterial and additional material from m any resources for my students and share it to my students. 7. Usin g the onlin e learning system wo uld decrease the effort I need to prepar e for lecture an d lecture. 8. Usin g the onlin e learning sy stem makes it easier to lecture the materials.
Questionnaire Reliability and Validity Since the questionnaire is based on the Venk atesh’ s questionnaire, then the
validity of the questions is undeniable. But there are som e m odification s to the questions to adapt with the purpose of this research. Due to this matter, conducting sim ple tests of questionnaire reliability becom es an im portant step to ensure the validity. The questions should not give multiple assum ptions to each respon dent. There are fo ur types of questionnaire. Each was given to 20 sam ples and was calculated using Cron bach Alph a. Belo w ar e the results of reliability test.
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Table 3.8 : Reliability Test for Pre Test Questionnaire for Student Answers of Questions 3 4 5 6 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1
Total2
Respondent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
2 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Total
1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 14
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 6
0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 13
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 10
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 17
1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 13
1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 15
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 18
Total2
14 6
13
10
17
13
15
18
Variant: 1.53 Total Var iant: 4.21 Cronbach Alpha Coeff icient: 0.73.
7 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
8 Total 1 2 1 5 1 6 1 8 0 3 1 8 1 6 1 6 1 2 1 6 6 7 3 6 2 5 6 8 3 8 106
4 25 36 64 9 64 36 36 4 36 36 49 9 36 4 25 36 64 9 64 646
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Table 3.9 : Reliability Test for Post Test Questionnaire for Student
Respondent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Total 2
Total
1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 14
2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 6
14 6
Answers of Questions 3 4 5 6 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 10 16 13 13
10
Variant: 1.6 Total Var iant: 4.1 Cronbach Alpha Coeff icient: 0.71
16
13
2
Total 7 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 15
8 Total 0 3 1 8 1 6 1 6 1 3 1 6 1 2 1 5 1 6 1 8 0 3 1 8 1 2 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 2 1 5 1 6 1 8 18 105
15
18
9 64 36 36 9 36 4 25 36 64 9 64 4 36 36 36 4 25 36 64 633
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Table 3.10 : Reliability Test for Pre Test Questionnaire for Lecturer
Respondent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Total
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 18
Answers of Questions 2 3 4 5 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 15 7 12 10 20
2
18
15 7
Total
12
Variant: 1.4 Total Var iant: 3.6 Cronbach Alpha Coeff icient: 0.7
10
20
2
Total 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 17
8 Total 0 7 1 7 1 5 0 4 0 4 1 6 1 7 1 6 0 2 0 7 1 7 1 6 0 3 0 2 1 7 1 7 1 7 0 2 0 7 1 7 11 110
17
11
49 49 25 16 16 36 49 36 4 49 49 36 9 4 49 49 49 4 49 49 676
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Table 3.11 : Reliability Test for Post Test Questionnaire for Lecturer 2
Respondent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Total 2
Total
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 17
Answer s of Questions Total 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 7 49 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 4 16 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 6 36 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 5 25 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 64 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 4 16 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 6 36 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 4 16 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 4 16 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 6 36 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 7 49 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 7 49 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 6 36 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 4 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 7 49 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 3 9 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3 9 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 7 49 12 3 13 10 16 13 14 98 568
17 12 3 13 10
16 13 14
Variant: 1.57 Total Var iant: 4.39 Cronbach Alpha Coeff icient: 0.73
The entire reliability test result sho ws coefficient of more than 0.7; it means that all of the question s are reliable enough to be used in this research.
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3.3
Populating and Sam pling The populations of this research ar e students an d lectur ers of Jakarta
un der gr aduate universities which are inexperienced and experienced users of online learnin g system . Due to the need of homogeneity between the inexperienced an d experienced user s in capability of usin g the online learn in g system , the population’s scop e is narro wed into students an d lecturers who ar e capable of usin g onlin e learning system. Basically, the sam plin g uses ran dom sam plin g m ethodology. Based on the National Education Ministry of Indonesia official website, there are 425 Univer sities in Jak arta. Belo w is the un iver sity list.
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Table 3.12: Universities In Jakarta Politeknik Negeri Jakarta Univer sitas In donesia Univer sitas Negeri Jakarta Univer sitas Terbuka Akademi Adm inistrasi Kusuma Mandir i Akademi Ak untansi Artawiyata Indolpi Akademi Ak untansi Bentara Indonesia Akademi Ak untansi Boro budur Akademi Ak untansi Jay abaya Akademi Ak untansi Nasion al Jakarta Akademi Akademi Akademi Akademi
Ak untansi Syaf a'at Indonesia Ak untansi YAI Jakarta Audiolo gi Indonesia Jakarta Bah asa Asin g Boro budur
Akademi Bah asa Asin g BSI Jakarta Akademi Bah asa Asin g Kusuma Mandir i Akademi Bah asa Asin g Nasional Jakarta Akademi Bah asa Asin g Prawira Marta Jakarta Akademi Bah asa Asin g Saint Mary Akademi Akademi Akademi Akademi Akademi
Bah asa Asin g Santa Ursula Farmasi Bh um i Husada Farmasi Hang Tuah Jak arta Farmasi Mahadhik a Kebidanan Al- Fathonah
Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Pln Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Sapta Taruna Sekolah Tinggi Teknolo gi 10 November Sekolah Tinggi Teknolo gi Indonesia Sekolah Tinggi Teknolo gi Informasi NIIT Sekolah Tinggi Teknolo gi Jakarta Sekolah Tinggi Teknolo gi Kelautan Hatawana St Ilm u Kom puter Cipta Karya Informatika STI AS Bun da Hati Kudus STI BA Indonesia LPI STIE Bakrie Schoo l Of Man agement STIE IBMI Jakarta STIE In don esia Bankin g School STIE Jak arta International College STIE Keuan gan Dan Per bankan Indonesia STIE Manajemen Bisnis In donesia STIE Par iwisata Internasion al STIE Pen gembangan Bisnis Dan Manajem en STIE Unisadhugun a STI KES Kesetiakawanan Sosial Indonesia STI KES Moham mad Husni Thamrin STI KES Persada Husada In donesia STI KS Tarak anita STIMIK Jay abaya Jakarta
Akademi Kebidanan Bhakti Pertiwi Indonesia
STIMIK Supra
Akademi Kebidanan Bhinneka Jakarta Satu Akademi Kebidanan Farama Mulya
STI SIP Pusaka Nusantara STI SIP Widuri
Akademi Kebidanan Jakarta Mitra Sejahtera
STKIP Albana
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Akademi Kebidanan Jayakarta Sehat Akademi Kebidanan Kartika Mitra Husada Akademi Kebidanan Keris Husada Akademi Kebidanan Mitra Persahabatan Akademi Kebidanan Pelita Persada Akademi Kebidanan Prestasi Agun g Akademi Kebidanan Sismadi Akademi Kebidanan Suluh Ban gsa Akademi Kebidanan Widyakar sa Akademi Kebidanan Yaspen Tugu I bu
STKIP Kebangkitan Nasional STKIP Kusumanegara STKIP Purnama STKIP Suluh Bangsa STMIK Bidakar a STMIK Bina Mulya STMIK Eresha STMIK Indonesia Jakarta STMIK Inti Indonesia STMIK I slam Internasional
Akademi Kebidanan Yayasan Rumah Sakit Jakarta Akademi Kebidanan YPDR Akademi Keperawatan As- Sy afi'iyah
STMIK Jak arta Institute Of Technology STMIK Jak arta Sti& k STMIK Jay akarta
Akademi Keperawatan Berkala Widya Husada
STMIK Jibes
Akademi Jakarta Akademi Akademi Akademi Husada Akademi Jakarta Akademi Akademi Akademi
Keperawatan Han g Tuah Keperawatan Har um Keperawatan Ker is Husada Keperawatan Manggala
STMIK Kuwera STMIK Mah akarya STMIK Muham mad Husni Thamrin STMIK Muham madiyah Jakarta
Keperawatan Pasar Rebo Keperawatan Royh an Keperawatan RS DGI Cikini Keperawatan RS Husada
STMIK Nusa Mandiri Jakarta STMIK Satyagama STMIK Swadharma STMIK Widuri
Akademi Keperawatan RSP TNI-AU Jakarta Akademi Keperawatan RSU FK- UKI
Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Universitas Al-azhar In donesia
Akademi Keperawatan Rum ah Sakit Jakarta Akademi Keperawatan Syaf aat Indonesia Akademi Keperawatan Yaspen Jakarta Akademi Keperawatan Yay asan Kim ia Akademi Kesehatan Swakar sa Jakarta
Universitas Azzahr a Universitas Bhayan gkara Jakarta Ray a Universitas Bina Nusantara Universitas Boro budur Universitas Budi Luhur
Akademi Keuangan Dan Per bankan Borobudur
Universitas Bun da Mulia
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Akademi Keuangan Dan Per bankan LPI Akademi Keuangan Dan Per bankan YPK Akademi Kim ia Analis Caraka Nusantara Akademi Kom unikasi BSI Jakarta Akademi Kom unikasi Media Radio Dan T V Jakarta Akademi Kom unikasi The Next Academy Akademi Litigasi In donesia Triguna
Universitas Bun g Karno
Universitas Darma Persada Universitas Gun adarma Universitas I bn u Chaldun Universitas Indonusa Esa Unggul Universitas Indraprasta PGRI Universitas Islam As-sy afiiy ah
Akademi Manajemen Inform atika Dan Komputer Yapri
Universitas Islam Attahiriyah
Akademi Manajemen Keuan gan BSI Jakarta
Universitas Islam Jakarta
Akademi Manajemen Per usahaan Jayabaya Akademi Maritim Djadajat Akademi Maritim Nasion al Jaya Akademi Maritim Pembangunan Jakarta Akademi Pariwisata Bun da Mulia Akademi Pariwisata Gsp Internasion al Akademi Pariwisata Indonesia Jakarta Akademi Pariwisata Jakarta
Universitas Jakarta Universitas Jayabay a Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atm a Jaya Universitas Kejuan gan 45 Jakarta Universitas Krisnadwipayan a Universitas Kristen Indonesia Universitas Kristen Krida W acana Universitas Mercu Buan a
Akademi Pariwisata Jakarta International Hotel
Universitas Mpu Tantular
Akademi Pariwisata Krisanti Widya Mandir i
Universitas Muh am madiyah Jak arta
Akademi Pariwisata Matoa Akademi Pariwisata Nasional Jakarta Akademi Pariwisata Nusantara Jaya Akademi Pariwisata Paramitha Jakarta Akademi Pariwisata Patria In donesia Akademi Pariwisata Pertiwi
Universitas Muh am madiyah Prof Dr Ham ka Universitas Multim edia Nusantara Universitas Nasional Universitas Pancasila Universitas Paramadina Universitas Pelita Harap an
Akademi Pariwisata Saint Mary Akademi Pariwisata Sinar Surya Akademi Pariwisata Tridaya
Universitas Pem ban gun an Nasional Veteran Jakarta Universitas Persada Indonesia Yai Universitas Prof Dr Moestopo (Ber agam a)
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Akademi Pelayaran Niaga In donesia Jakarta Akademi Per bank an Yuk i
Universitas Respati Indonesia Universitas Sahid
Akademi Perekam Medis Dan Infokes Bh um i Husada Akademi Pertamanan Interstudi
Universitas Satya Negara In donesia Universitas Satyagama
Akademi Refr aksi Optisi Kartika In der a Persada Universitas Sur apati Akademi Sekretari & Manajemen Dharm a Budhi Bhakti Akademi Sekretari Budi Luh ur Jakarta
Universitas Sury adarma Universitas Tam a Jagak arsa
Akademi Sekretari Dan Man ajem en BSI Jakarta
Universitas Tarumanagara
Akademi Sekretari Dan Man ajem en Don Bosco
Universitas Tim bul Nusantara
Akademi Sekretari Dan Man ajem en Pitaloka
Universitas Trisakti
Akademi Sekretari Dan Man ajem en Purnama
Universitas Wiraswasta In donesia
Akademi Sekretari Dan Man ajem en Saint Mary
Universitas Yarsi
Akademi Sekretari Inter studi Akademi Sekretari Santa Theresia Akademi Sekretaris Dan Manajemen Laksi-31 Akademi Sekretaris I SWI Jakarta
Akadem i Ak untansi Keuan gan Dan Perbank an In donesia Akadem i Bahasa Asing Budhi Tangeran g Akadem i Bahasa Asing YPKK Tangeran g Akadem i Kebidanan Assyif a Tangeran g
Akademi Seni Rupa Dan Desain ISWI Jakarta Akademi Teknik Gigi Hang Tuah Jakarta
Akadem i Kebidanan Bakti Indonesia Bogor
Akademi Teknik Informatika Tunas Bangsa
Akadem i Kebidanan Bhakti Husada Cikaran g
Akademi Teknik Telekom unikasi Sandhy P utra Jak arta
Akadem i Kebidanan Bhakti Mitra Husada
Akademi Teknolo gi Graf ika Indonesia Jakarta
Akadem i Kebidanan Bin a Husada Bek asi
Akademi Teknolo gi Kom un ikasi & Inform asi
Akadem i Kebidanan Bunda Auni Bogor
Akadem i Kebidanan Bhakti Bangsa
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Akademi Telekom unikasi In don esia Gemilang Akademi Terapi Wicara Jakarta
Akadem i Kebidanan Citam a Raya Depok Akadem i Kebidanan Karya Bun da Husada
AMIK BSI Jakarta AMIK Laksi-31
Akadem i Kebidanan Sentra Bina Yudistira Tangeran g Akadem i Kebidanan Suka Wan gi Bek asi Akadem i Kebidanan Tiara Bun da
AMIK Mp u Tantular
Akadem i Kebidanan Yayasan Husada Madani
AMIK An dalan Jakarta
Institut Bisnis Dan Informatika Indonesia Institut Bisnis Nusantara
Akadem i Keper awatan Bh akti Husada Cik aran g Akadem i Keper awatan Islamic Village
Institut Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilm u Politik Jakarta
Akadem i Keper awatan Raflesia
Institut Kesenian Jakarta - LPKJ
Akadem i Komunik asi Radio Dan Televisi Hutama
Institut Keu Perbank an Dan Inf Asia Perban as Institut Sains Dan Teknologi Al- Kam al
Akadem i Pariwisata Nusantara Tangeran g Akadem i Perpajakan Maria Mediatrix
Institut Sains Dan Teknologi Nasion al
Akadem i Radio gnostik Dan Radioterapi Yapenp ern us
Institut Teknologi Budi Utom o
Akadem i Sekretari & Manajem en Industri Budhi
Institut Teknologi In don esia
Akadem i Sekretari Dan Manajemen Bina Insani
Politeknik Bisnis Indonesia Politeknik Bunda Kan dun g Politeknik Glo bal In donesia Politeknik Karya Husada Politeknik LP3I Jakarta Politeknik Manuf aktur Astra Politeknik Swadharm a Politeknik Trisila Dh arm a Politeknik Tugu Jakarta Sekolah Tinggi Bahasa Asin g IEC Jakarta
Akadem i Sekretari Dan Manajemen Insulindo Akadem i Sekretari Dan Manajemen Lepisi Akadem i Teknik Mesin In dustri Cikaran g Akadem i Teknologi Patriot AMIK Al-M uslim Bekasi AMIK BK3 AMIK BSI Bekasi AMIK BSI Tangerang AMIK Masa Depan AMIK MIC Cikaran g
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Sekolah Tinggi Bahasa Asin g LI A Jakarta
AMIK Pakarti Luh ur
Sekolah Tinggi Bahasa Asin g Pertiwi Indonesia Sekolah Tinggi Desain Interstudi Sekolah Tinggi Fash ion IIFI Jak arta Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Driyarkara Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Theologi Jakarta
AMIK P GRI Tanger an g AMIK Raharja Informatika AMIK Sultan Agun g AMIK W ahana Man diri Tangeran g Politeknik Gunakarya In donesia Bek asi
Sekolah Tinggi Huk um Indonesia Jakarta
Politeknik Kelapa Sawit Citra Widy a Eduk asi
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi & Sekretari Asm i
Politeknik Mitra Kusum a
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Kawula In don esia
Sekolah Tinggi Bahasa Asin g Buddhi
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Mandala Indonesia Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Yapann Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi YPIAMI
Sekolah Tinggi Bahasa Asin g Cipto Hadi Pranoto
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Ahm ad Dahlan Jakarta
Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhamm adiyah Tangeran g
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Bhakti Pembangunan
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Administrasi Sandikta
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Bisn is Indonesia
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Bahasa Asin g Nusa Mandiri
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Dharma Bumi Putra
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Adhy Niaga
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Dr Moechtar Talib
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Bisma Lepisi
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Dwipa W acana Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Gan dhi Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Ganesha
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Budhi Tangeran g Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Dewantara Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Fajar
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Gotong Royon g
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Hiday atullah Depok
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i I GI
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Insan Pem ban gunan
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Indonesia Jakarta
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Kalp ataru
Sekolah Tinggi Bahasa Asin g JIA Sekolah Tinggi Bahasa Asin g Technocrat
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Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i IPWI Jakarta
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Muhamm adiyah Tangeran g
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i I SM Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Jayak arta Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Jayak usum a
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Mulia Pratama Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Paripurn a Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Pelita Ban gsa
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Kam p us Un gu
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Ppi
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Kasih Bangsa
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Tribuana Tambun
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Kusum anagara Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Maiji
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi YPKarya Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Gunung Jati
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Moh Husn i Thamrin
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Keseh atan Banten
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Muhamm adiy ah Jakarta
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Keseh atan Medika Cikaran g
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Nasional Indonesia Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Sailen dra
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Keseh atan Yatsi Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen Budi Bakti
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Santa Ursula Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Supra
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu So sial Dan Ilmu Politik Bekasi Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Cikaran g
Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Multim edia Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Swaday a Cen dikia Abditama Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Tam an Siswa Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Tri Dharm a W idy a Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Trianandr a Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Triguna
Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Pelita Ban gsa
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Trisakti
Sekolah Tinggi Teknolo gi Sekolah Tinggi Teknolo gi Tunggal Sekolah Tinggi Teknolo gi Sekolah Tinggi Teknolo gi Ban gsa
Banten Bin a
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Tunas Nusantara
Sekolah Tinggi Teknolo gi Mitra Karya
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i Tunas Patria
Sekolah Tinggi Teknolo gi Mutu Muhamm adiyah
Cileungsi Duta
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Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i W idya Jayak arta
Sekolah Tinggi Teknolo gi Yupentek
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i W idya Persada
STI KES Muham madiyah Tangeran g
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i W ira Bakti
STI KES Widya Dh arma Husada Tangeran g
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i W iyatamandala Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i YAI Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonom i YPBI Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Huk um Lpihm iblm
STI SIP Yupentek Tangeran g STKIP Arrahmaniy ah STKIP Banten STMIK Bani Saleh
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Abdi Nusantara Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Bin awan
STMIK Cikaran g
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Indonesia Maju
STMIK Dharma Putra
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Istara Nusantara Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Jayak arta Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Medistra Indonesia Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Mitra Ria Husada Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Pamentas Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Pertam edika Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Sint Carolus Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Sismadi
STMIK Budhi
STMIK Insan Pem bangunan STMIK Masa Depan STMIK Mer cusuar STMIK MI C Cik arang STMIK Mik ar STMIK P GRI Tangeran g STMIK Pran ata Indonesia STMIK Raharja
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Komun ikasi Indonesia Maju
Universitas Islam 45
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Komun ikasi Inter St udi Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Komun ikasi Lspr
Universitas Islam Syekh Yusuf Universitas Pam ulan g
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Komun ikasi Profesi In donesia Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Komun ikasi Ytkp
Universitas Pram ita Indonesia
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Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Man ajemen Kosgoro Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Man ajemen Lpmi Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Mar itim Ami Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pem erintahan Abdi Negara Sekolah Tinggi Internasional Konservatori Musik In Sekolah Tinggi Keuangan Niaga & Negar a Pembangunan Sekolah Tinggi Manajem en Asuran si Trisakti Sekolah Tinggi Manajem en Imm i Sekolah Tinggi Manajem en Imni Sekolah Tinggi Manajem en Industri Indonesia Sekolah Tinggi Manajem en Ipm i Sekolah Tinggi Manajem en Labora Sekolah Tinggi Manajem en Ppm Sekolah Tinggi Manajem en Prasetiya Mulya Sekolah Tinggi Manajem en Resiko Dan Asur ansi Sekolah Tinggi Manajem en Transpor Trisakti Sekolah Tinggi Manajem en Transportasi Malahayati Sekolah Tinggi Manajem en Yak si Sekolah Tinggi Media Komunikasi Trisakti Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Pelita Harap an Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Sahid Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Trisakti Sekolah Tinggi Pener ban gan Av iasi Sekolah Tinggi Perpajakan In donesia
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Unfortunately, there was no com prehen sive inform ation on the number of enrolled students or active lectur ers in each un iver sity. Most of the univer sities required official permission request befor e revealin g their exact number of students. Due to the research time limit, requesting to 425 univer sities for their students an d lecturer s inform ation was im possible. Thus, the exact number of population was unkno wn. Due to this matter, sampling started with the n umber of univ ersities. The entire names were sorted in ran dom order, an d then a 10% of the th
univ ersities were chosen. The pick started from the 10 name, an d continued to the next 10th name after. By doin g so, there wer e 42 chosen un iver sities as shown in the table below in alphabetical or der.
Table 3.13 : 42 Chosen Universities No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Nam e Akadem i Akuntansi YAI Jakarta Akadem i Keper awatan Manggala Husada Akadem i Keper awatan Raflesia Akadem i Keuan gan Dan Per bankan YPK Akadem i Pariwisata Jakarta International Hotel Akadem i Teknolo gi Graf ika In donesia Jakarta Institut Bisnis Dan Inform atika In donesia Institut Teknologi Budi Utom o Politeknik Swadharma Sekolah Tinggi Ilm u Adm inistrasi YPIAMI Sekolah Tinggi Ilm u Ekonom i Bh akti Pem ban gunan Sekolah Tinggi Ilm u Ekonom i Gandh i Sekolah Tinggi Ilm u Ekonom i Kasih Ban gsa Sekolah Tinggi Ilm u Ekonom i Pelita Ban gsa Sekolah Tinggi Ilm u Ekonom i Trisakti Sekolah Tinggi Ilm u Ekonom i YAI Sekolah Tinggi Ilm u Ekonom i YP-Karya Sekolah Tinggi Ilm u Keseh atan Medistra Indonesia
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19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
Sekolah Tinggi Ilm u Keseh atan Sint Carolus Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Prasetiya Mulya Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Sahid Sekolah Tinggi Pener bangan Aviasi Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Pln Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Indonesia STIE Man ajem en Bisnis In donesia STIMIK Jay abaya Jak arta STMIK In san Pem ban gunan STMIK Kuwera Univer sitas Bina Nusantara Univer sitas Borobudur Univer sitas Bun da Mulia Univer sitas In donesia Univer sitas In don usa Esa Un ggul Univer sitas Islam 45 Univer sitas Islam Jakarta Univer sitas Katolik In donesia Atm a Jaya Univer sitas Kr isten Krida Wacana Univer sitas Mpu Tantular Univer sitas Satyagama Univer sitas Tama Jagakarsa Univer sitas Tarum anagara Univer sitas Trisakti
As mentioned before, due to the need of homogen eity of experienced an d inexperienced for online learn in g capability users, the pop ulation is n arro wed into capable onlin e learnin g users. Then, all the cho sen universities were checked for their student’s cap ability of bein g online learnin g sy stem user s. This process was done by m anual questioning. The criteria used for the ch ecking wer e: •
Univer sity must have at least 1 official website.
•
Univer sity does comm unications to the students via website. (to m ake sur e the students have experience in usin g internet)
44
•
At least 50% of each univ ersity student sam ple (20 students) have at least one computer and connect to the internet via their computer.
Based on those criteria, there were 8 univer sities that passed the criteria. Later the questionnaire will focus to these univ ersities. The questionnaire will use internet facility as one of the m edia. This might reach st udents from outside of these universities. As long as the student passes the criteria of being capable online learnin g sy stem users, they will still be accepted as valid respondents. The questionnaire process is conducted by m anually contacting the students ran domly. They will be reached when they are not in the class. By doing so, official permission request is not required. Belo w ar e the chosen univer sities: •
Sekolah Tinggi Ilm u Ekonom i Trisakti
•
Univer sitas Bina Nusantara
•
Univer sitas In donesia
•
Univer sitas In don usa Esa Un ggul
•
Univer sitas Katolik In donesia Atma Jaya
•
Univer sitas Kr isten Krida Wacana
•
Univer sitas Tarum anagara
•
Univer sitas Trisakti
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To minim ize the sampling error, a lar ge n umber of respon dents is expected. Belo w is the expected n um ber of sample from each sample group. Table 3.14 : Expected Data Samples. Unfam iliar with onlin e 1000 sam ples of st udents learnin g sy stem group
200 samples of lecturers
Fam iliar with onlin e 1000 sam ples of st udents learnin g sy stem group
200 samples of lecturers
3.4
Online Learning Ex perience This process’ s m ain purpose is to introduce the learnin g and lectur in g
process to unfamiliar user s. The other purpose is to make an equal un der standin g and the same kno wledge abo ut online learn ing term used in this research. Main online learnin g sy stem used in the resear ch is Binus Online Learning Sy stem Trial. Each respon dent can lo g in to the system via trial acco unt. Table 3.15 shows the activity of online learning exp eriences wh ich takes time abo ut 1.5 months. Table 3.15 : Activity of Onlin e Learning Exp erien ces Activity
Description
1. Share on line learnin g reviews from several media
This process is to en sure that all respon dents will hav e equal un der stan din g of online learnin g system . They can have the whole picture in learnin g by using online learnin g system
2. Share v irtual account for Binus online learnin g sy stem
This process is to en sure that they have a chance to try online learnin g sy stem using Bin us Onlin e System as an example. Persuasive com munication via em ail or onlin e learning is the m ethod to know that they really tried using the system .
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3. Share m aterial exam ple.
This process is to give them a chan ce to learn a material from a presentation. They are expected to un derstan d the m aterials by usin g only presentation files. Since the respon dents are from m any focus of st udy, the materials giv en to them is abo ut comm on knowledge that can be learnt by everyone, e. g. mathematical logic, broadcasting, an d financial statements.
