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BIOKIMIA Prof. Dr. Dian Handayani, Apt Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas
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Literatur • Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry (Murray, McGraw-Hill
Medical, 26th Ed, 2003) • Koolman, Color Atlas of Biochemistry, 2nd edition © 2005 Thieme • Lehninger's Principles Of Biochemistry 4Th ed.
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Biochemistry can be defined as the science concerned with the chemical basis of life (Gk bios “life”). The cell is the structural unit of living systems. Thus, biochemistry can also be described as the science concerned with the chemical constituents of living cells and with the reactions and processes they undergo. By this definition, biochemistry encompasses large areas of cell biology, of molecular biology, and of molecular genetics
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Deskripsi Mata Kuliah • Mata kuliah biokimia berisi pokok-pokok bahasan biomolekul dan
hirarki organisasi molekular sel, lipid, karbohidrat, asam amino dan protein, teknik pemurnian protein, enzim dan kinetika enzim, vitamin sebagai kofaktor, bioenergetika, metabolisme karbohidrat, metabolisme lipid, metabolisme protein, asam nukleat, RNA dan DNA • Selain itu dibahas berbagai penyakit yang terjadi berkaitan dengan
kelainan – kelainan metabolisme , fungsi hati , fungsiginjal serta hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, diagnosa dan contoh obat-obat yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi penyakit tersebut
• Praktikum biokimia berisi pokok-pokok bahasan pemeriksaan kualitatif
/kuwantitatif berupa reaksi-reaksi umum untuk lipid, karbohidrat, asam amino dan protein, elektroforesis protein, analisis urin dan analisa darah fungsi ginjal fungsi hati, serta pemeriksaan kuantitatif untuk uji aktivitas enzim
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Tujuan Instruksional Umum •
Mahasiswa dapat memahami sifat-sifat biomolekul lipid, karbohidrat, asam amino, protein, asam nukleat, DNA dan RNA serta fungsi atau peranannya dalam kehidupan. Mahasiswa mengetahui konsep dasar bionergetika, metabolisme karbohidrat, lipid, protein dan penyakit-penyakit akibat gangguan metabolisme, peran vitamin sebagai kofaktor serta memahami sifat dan fungsi enzim sebagai katalis. • Dengan mengikuti praktikum, mahasiswa mampu melakukan percobaan kualitatif-kuantitatif dan mengetahui reaksi-reaksi umum untuk identifikasi asam amino, protein, lipid, karbohidrat, enzim, pemurnian potein, analisis urin dan fungsi ginjal, aktivitas antioksidan vitamin, aktivitas enzim dan analisa darah, dan fungsi hati .
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Silabus • Pendahuluan • Karbohidrat • Asam Amino, Peptida dan Protein • Lipid • Enzim dan Koenzim • Asam Nukleat • Metabolisme Karbohidrat • Metabolisme Lipid
• Metabolisme Senyawa Nitrogen
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Pendahuluan Biokimia
Ilmu Kimia
Ilmu Kedokteran
Fisiologi Kimia
Ilmu Genetika
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Apply Biochemical Understanding to: • advances in medicine and healthcare (gene
therapy, biopharmaceuticals, diagnostics) • explain the biological responses to environmental
signals (chemical toxicity, hormone action) • agricultural practices (crop protection, animal
husbandry)
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Apply Biochemical Understanding to: • industrial processes (cell culture, feedstock
production) • developing biomaterials for high-tech applications
(forensics and “biosensors”) • questions of biological evolution and origin
(classification by genotype vs. phenotype)
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Biokimia dan Ilmu Kesehatan The two major concerns for workers in the health sciences and particularly physicians: the understanding and maintenance of health and the understanding and effective treatment of diseases. Biochemistry impacts enormously on both of these fundamental concerns of medicine. In fact, the interrelationship of biochemistry and medicine is a wide, two-way street. Biochemical studies have illuminated many aspects of health and disease, and conversely, the study of various aspects of health and disease has opened up new areas of biochemistry.
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Another example is the pioneering work of Archibald Garrod, a physician in England during the early 1900s. He studied patients with a number of relatively rare disorders (alkaptonuria,albinism, cystinuria, and pentosuria; these are described in later chapters) and established that these conditions were genetically determined. Garrod designated these conditions as inborn errors of metabolism. His insights provided a major foundation for the development of the field of human biochemical genetics
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NORMAL BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES ARE THE BASIS OF HEALTH The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a state of “complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.” One major prerequisite for the maintenance of health is that there be optimal dietary intake of a number of chemicals; the chief of these are vitamins, certain amino acids, certain fatty acids, various minerals, and water.
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Most & Perhaps All Disease Has a Biochemical Basis We believe that most if not all diseases are manifestations of abnormalities of molecules, chemical reactions, or biochemical processes. The major factors responsible for causing diseases in animals and humans are listed in Table 1–2. All of them affect one or more critical chemical reactions or molecules in the body.
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Biomolecular “building blocks” are used to form biopolymers (proteins, DNA, RNA, oligosaccharides)
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SUMMARY • Biochemistry is the science concerned with studying the various molecules that occur in living cells and organisms and with their chemical reactions. Because life depends on biochemical reactions, biochemistry has become the basic language of all biologic sciences. • Biochemistry is concerned with the entire spectrum of life forms, from relatively simple viruses and bacteria to complex human beings. • Biochemistry and medicine are intimately related. Health depends on a harmonious balance of biochemical reactions occurring in the body, and disease reflects abnormalities in biomolecules, biochemical reactions, or biochemical processes. • Advances in biochemical knowledge have illuminated many areas of medicine. Conversely, the study of diseases has often revealed previously unsuspected aspects of biochemistry. The determination of the sequence of the human genome, nearly complete, will have a great impact on all areas of biology, including biochemistry, bioinformatics, and biotechnology. • Biochemical approaches are often fundamental in illuminating the causes of diseases and in designing appropriate therapies. • The judicious use of various biochemical laboratory tests is an integral component of diagnosis and monitoring of treatment. • A sound knowledge of biochemistry and of other related basic disciplines is essential for the rational practice of medical and related health sciences.
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How does science describe the living state?
atoms, subatomic particles…the undiscovered
smaller organic molecules
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amino acid structures
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