BEACH MALL DI GIANYAR

SEMINAR TUGAS AKHIR Alur Desain

BEACH MALL DI GIANYAR

Oleh : I WAYAN PARSIKA UTAMA NIM : 1204205014

JURUSAN ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA 2015-2016

SEMINAR TUGAS AKHIR Alur Desain

BEACH MALL DI GIANYAR

Dosen Koordinator : Dr. Ir. Syamsul Alam Paturusi, MSP. Dosen Pembimbing : Ir. Ciptadi Trimarianto, Ph.D I Nyoman Susanta, ST., M.Erg Mahasiswa : I Wayan Parsika Utama NIM : 1204205014

JURUSAN ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA 2015-2016

KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadapan Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Waça Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena berkat rahmat-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan seminar tugas akhir dengan judul “Beach Mall Di Gianyar” tepat pada waktunya. Laporan ini berisi semua progres seminar tugas akhir dari bab i sampai bab v. Pada bab i memuat latar belakang pemilihan judul, rumusan masalah dan tujuan serta metode yang digunakan dalam menyusun laporan. Pada bab ii berisi pemahaman terhadap mall, kajian pustaka tentang mall, studi dari proyek sejenis yang telah terbangun dan spesifikasi umum. Pada bab iii terdapat pembahasan lokus perancangan, analisa SWOT, dan spesifikasi khusus perancangan. Pada bab iv berisi tema, pemrograman ruang dan analisa tapak. Terakhir pada bab v berisi konsep perancangan sebagai suatu kesimpulan penyelesaian permasalahan desain. Tersusunnya laporan seminar tugas akhir ini tidak lepas dari bimbingan, petunjuk, informasi serta bantuan dari berbagai pihak, sehingga pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada yang terhormat : 1.

Bapak Prof. Ir. Ngakan Putu Gede Suardana, MT., Ph.D., selaku Dekan Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Udayana yang pada saat penyusunan laporan ini yang telah memfasilitasi dengan pemberian surat izin observasi yang sangat membantu penulis dalam mendapatkan data-data di lapangan.

2.

Dr. Ir. Anak Agung Ayu Oka Saraswati, MT., selaku Ketua Jurusan Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Udayana yang telah memantau pelaksanaan kegiatan seminar tugas akhir di Jurusan Arsitektur serta memfasilitasi penulis dalam pemberian izin untuk melakukan kegiatan observasi.

3.

Bapak Ir. I Ketut Muliawan Salain, MT., selaku dosen pembimbing akademik yang sejak semester I telah menemani penulis sehingga bisa melalui semua proses hingga penulis bisa menempuh seminar tugas akhir.

4.

Bapak Dr. Ir. Syamsul Alam Paturusi, MSP., selaku Dosen Koordinator Seminar Tugas Akhir, Jurusan Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Udayana yang telah meluangkan waktunya untuk mengurus seminar tugas akhir semester ganjil tahun 2015/2016.

5.

Bapak Ir. Ciptadi Trimariarto, PhD., selaku dosen pembimbing I yang telah membantu memulih judul dan membimbing penulis dari awal hingga selesai.

6.

Bapak I Nyoman. Susanta, ST., M.Erg., selaku dosen pembimbing II yang telah meluangkan waktunya membimbing penulis dari awal hingga selesai.

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7.

Orang tua, terutama Bapak dan Ibu yang telah memberikan dukungan yang sangat banyak baik dari segi moril maupun materiil.

8.

Adik penulis, Made Suparma yang telah meluangkan waktunya dan ikut membantu kegiatan observasi yang dilakukan penulis di sekitaran Gianyar.

9.

Rekan-rekan kuliah, terutama mahasiswa Seminar TA periode September 2015 serta mahasiswa arsitektur angkatan 2012 terutama Gede Jayantara dan Sakhapradnya Batan yang telah sangat banyak memberikan bantuan selama proses perkuliahan.

10. Bapak Dean selaku staff HRD Beachwalk Kuta Bali yang telah memberikan banyak informasi yang sangat berharga tentang mall. 11. Semua pihak yang terlibat secara langsung maupun tak langsung dalam penyusunan tugas ini yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu-persatu. Penulis menyadari bahwa laporan seminar tugas akhir ini masih belum sempurna, untuk itu dengan segala kerendahan hati, penulis sangat mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang bersifat membangun untuk penyempurnaan selanjutnya. Akhir kata, semoga laporan ini dapat menjadi sesuatu yang bermanfaat bagi pembaca dan menjadi suatu referensi bagi dunia arsitektur di Bali.

Denpasar, 14 Februasi 2016 Penulis

( I Wayan Parsika Utama ) NIM. 1204205014

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DAFTAR ISI Kata Pengantar .................................................................................................................... i Daftar Isi .............................................................................................................................. iii Daftar Gambar ..................................................................................................................... vi Daftar Tabel ........................................................................................................................ ix BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................................. 4 1.3 Tujuan 5 1.4 Metode Perancangan ............................................................................................. 5 1.4.1 Alur Perancangan ...................................................................................... 6 1.4.2 Pendekatan Perancangan ........................................................................... 8 1.4.3 Sumber Data .............................................................................................. 8 1.4.4 Jenis Data .................................................................................................. 9 1.4.5 Analisis Data ............................................................................................. 9 1.4.6 Penarikan Kesimpulan ............................................................................... 9 BAB II PEMAHAMAN MALL 2.1 Pemahaman Terhadap Mall (Aspek Non-Teknis) ................................................. 10 2.1.1 Pengertian Mall ......................................................................................... 10 2.1.2 Klasifikasi Mall ......................................................................................... 11 2.1.3 Unsur dalam Kegiatan Mall (Shopping Center) ........................................ 13 2.1.4 Faktor yang Pengembangan Mall (Shopping Center) ............................... 15 2.1.5 Mall dan Wisata Pantai.............................................................................. 16 2.2 Studi Perancangan Mall (Aspek Teknis) ............................................................... 16 2.2.1 Elemen-elemen Esensial Mall ................................................................... 16 2.2.2 Lokasi Mall................................................................................................ 17 2.2.3 Aspek Arsitektural ..................................................................................... 19 2.2.4 Aspek Struktural ........................................................................................ 24 2.2.5 Aspek Utilitas ............................................................................................ 25 2.3 Arsitektur Hijau (Green Architecture) .................................................................. 28 2.4 Studi Fasilitas Sejenis............................................................................................ 33 2.4.1 Beachwalk Kuta Bali ................................................................................. 33 2.4.2 Mall Bali Galeria ....................................................................................... 37 2.4.3 Kartika Sari Mall, Dago, Bandung ............................................................ 40 2.4.4 Komparasi Studi Banding ......................................................................... 42 2.5 Studi Fasilitas Penunjang (Tambahan) ...................................................... 44 2.5.1 Bioskop ...................................................................................................... 44 2.5.2 Panggung Hiburan (Stage) ........................................................................ 45 2.5.3 Area Permainan (Gamezone) .................................................................... 47 Beach Mall di Gianyar

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2.6

Spesifikasi Umum Beach Mall.............................................................................. 47 2.6.1 Definisi Beach Mall ................................................................................... 47 2.6.2 Jenis dan Klasfikasi Beach Mall sebagai pusat perbelanjaan .................... 48 2.6.3 Tujuan ........................................................................................................ 48 2.6.4 Fungsi-fungsi ............................................................................................. 48 2.6.5 Fasilitas dalam Beach Mall ....................................................................... 49 2.6.6 Prinsip Desain............................................................................................ 50

BAB III BEACH MALL DI GIANYAR 3.1 Gambaran Umum Kabupaten Gianyar .................................................................. 52 3.1.1 Kondisi Fisik ............................................................................................. 52 3.1.2 Kondisi Non Fisik ..................................................................................... 54 3.1.3 Persebaran Mall dan Fasilitas Wisata di Gianyar ...................................... 57 3.1.4 Peraturan dan Perizinan Membangun di Gianyar ...................................... 59 3.2`Analisa SWOT ......................................................................................................... 62 3.2.1 Strength ..................................................................................................... 62 3.2.2 Weakness ................................................................................................... 62 3.2.3 Opportunity ............................................................................................... 63 3.2.4 Threatness .................................................................................................. 63 3.2.5 Strategi SWOT .......................................................................................... 63 3.2.6 Kesimpulan SWOT ................................................................................... 64 3.3 Spesifikasi Khusus Beach Mall di Gianyar ........................................................... 65 3.3.1 Definisi Spesifik Beach Mall di Gianyar .................................................. 65 3.3.2 Klasifikasi .................................................................................................. 65 3.3.3 Tujuan ........................................................................................................ 66 3.3.4 Fungsi ........................................................................................................ 66 3.3.5 Ruang Lingkup dan Sasaran Pelayanan .................................................... 67 3.3.6 Fasilitas ...................................................................................................... 67 3.3.7 Sistem Manajemen dan Operasional ......................................................... 69 3.3.8 Skema Jadwal Kegiatan Tahunan .............................................................. 70 3.3.9 Persyaratan Lokasi .................................................................................... 70 BAB IV TEMA DAN PEMROGRAMAN 4.1 Tema Perancangan ................................................................................................ 71 4.1.1 Pengertian Tema Rancangan ..................................................................... 71 4.1.2 Pendekatan Tema Rancangan .................................................................... 72 4.1.3 Penentuan Tema ........................................................................................ 72 4.1.4 Penjabaran Tema ....................................................................................... 73 4.2 Program Ruang...................................................................................................... 75 4.2.1 Program Fungsional .................................................................................. 75 4.2.2 Program Performansi ................................................................................. 90 4.2.3 Program Arsitektural ................................................................................. 92 4.2.4 Hubungan Ruang ....................................................................................... 102 4.2.5 Sirkulasi Ruang ......................................................................................... 103 4.2.6 Organisasi Ruang ...................................................................................... 103 Beach Mall di Gianyar

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4.3

Program Tapak ...................................................................................................... 104 4.3.1 Kebutuhan Luas Tapak .............................................................................. 104 4.3.2 Pemilihan Lokasi ....................................................................................... 105 4.3.3 Pemilihan Tapak ........................................................................................ 106 4.3.4 Analisa Tapak ............................................................................................ 111 4.3.5 Karakteristik Tapak ................................................................................... 122

BAB V KONSEP PERANCANGAN 5.1. Konsep Perancangan Tapak .................................................................................. 123 5.1.1 Konsep Entrance Tapak ............................................................................. 123 5.1.2 Konsep Zoning Tapak ............................................................................... 125 5.1.3 Konsep Bentuk Dasar, Pola Massa dan Orientasi ..................................... 126 5.1.4 Konsep Sirkulasi dan Parkir ...................................................................... 128 5.1.5 Konsep Ruang Luar ................................................................................... 130 5.2. Konsep Perancangan Bangunan ............................................................................ 131 5.2.1 Konsep Entrance Bangunan ...................................................................... 131 5.2.2 Konsep Zoning Bangunan ......................................................................... 132 5.2.3 Konsep Sirkulasi Bangunan ...................................................................... 133 5.2.4 Konsep Ruang Dalam ................................................................................ 135 5.2.5 Konsep Tampilan Bangunan ..................................................................... 136 5.2.6 Konsep Struktur ......................................................................................... 137 5.3. Konsep Utilitas ...................................................................................................... 138 5.3.1 Konsep Jaringan Listrik ............................................................................. 138 5.3.2 Konsep Pencahayaan ................................................................................. 139 5.3.3 Konsep Penghawaan .................................................................................. 141 5.3.4 Konsep Plumbing ...................................................................................... 141 5.3.5 Konsep Penanganan Sampah..................................................................... 143 5.3.6 Konsep Pemadam Kebakaran dan Building Safety ................................... 145 5.3.7 Konsep Penangkal Petir ............................................................................. 146 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................................... 147 DAFTAR NARASUMBER .............................................................................................. 150

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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1.1 Peta Konsep metode Perancangan ................................................................ 7 Gambar 2.1 Sistem retail dengan banyak koridor ............................................................ 20 Gambar 2.2 Sistem retail Plaza ........................................................................................ 20 Gambar 2.3 Sistem mall ................................................................................................... 20 Gambar 2.4 Pola Peletakan Generator Mall ..................................................................... 21 Gambar 2.5 Pola aktivitas dalam sebuah retail ................................................................ 21 Gambar 2.6 Contoh bentuk shop front ............................................................................. 22 Gambar 2.7 One Way Service Road ................................................................................ 23 Gambar 2.8 One Way Service Road to shops .................................................................. 23 Gambar 2.9 Sistem T ........................................................................................................ 24 Gambar 2.10 Pola loading deck ....................................................................................... 24 Gambar 2.11 Variasi Atrium sesuai kondisi pencahayaan yang diinginkan .................... 26 Gambar 2.12 Posisi Beach Walk Bali dari Bandara ......................................................... 33 Gambar 2.13 Tapak Plan Beachwalk ............................................................................... 33 Gambar 2.14 Layout Beachwalk (ukuran penuh terlampir-1).......................................... 34 Gambar 2.15 Kolam besar di Beachwalk ......................................................................... 34 Gambar 2.16 Retail Pakaian di Beachwalk ...................................................................... 35 Gambar 2.17 Parkir di depan jalan menuju pantai kuta (kiri); parkir bertingkat (kanan) 35 Gambar 2.18 Layout Tiap Lantai Beachwalk .................................................................. 36 Gambar 2.19 Lokasi Mall Bali Galeria ............................................................................ 37 Gambar 2.20 Tapak Plan dan Peta Situasi Bali Galeria ................................................... 37 Gambar 2.21 Layout Mall Bali Galleria (ukuran penuh terlampir-2) .............................. 38 Gambar 2.22 Retail Hypermart dan Bilabong di Mall Bali Galeria ................................. 38 Gambar 2.23 Bioskop (kiri) dan Disc Tarra (kanan) di Mall Bali Galeria ...................... 39 Gambar 2.24 Plaza Terbuka di MBG sebagai panggung (kiri) dan RTH (kanan) ........... 39 Gambar 2.25 Lokasi Kartika Sari Mall ............................................................................ 40 Gambar 2.26 Peta Situasi Kartika Sari Mall .................................................................... 40 Gambar 2.27 Suasana eksterior (kiri) dan void di dalam mall (kanan) ............................ 40 Gambar 2.28 Layout Kartika Sari Mall (ukuran penuh terlampir-3) ............................... 41 Gambar 2.29 Retail pakaian (kiri) dan taman indoor (kanan) .......................................... 41 Gambar 2.30 kidzone (kiri) dan seating area (kanan) ...................................................... 42 Gambar 2.31 information center (kiri) dan maket mall (kanan) ...................................... 42 Gambar 2.32 toilet pengunjung ........................................................................................ 42 Gambar 2.33 Sistem Seat ................................................................................................. 44 Gambar 2.34 Ukuran Layar Bioskop ............................................................................... 44 Gambar 2.35 Jarak antar seat............................................................................................ 44 Gambar 2.36 Ruang Pemutaran Film ............................................................................... 45 Gambar 2.37 Front Office ................................................................................................ 45 Gambar 2.38 Ruang Tunggu ............................................................................................ 45 Gambar 2.39 Panggung Prosenium .................................................................................. 46 Gambar 2.40 Panggung Portable ...................................................................................... 46 Gambar 2.41 Panggung Terbuka ...................................................................................... 46 Beach Mall di Gianyar

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Gambar 2.42 Panggung Arena ......................................................................................... 46 Gambar 2.43 Kidzone di Kartika Sari Mall Bandung ...................................................... 47 Gambar 2.44 Amazing World di Beachwalk ................................................................... 47 Gambar 3.1 Peta Pulau Bali ............................................................................................. 53 Gambar 3.2 Kabupaten Gianyar ....................................................................................... 53 Gambar 3.3 Kontribusi Sektor Ekonomi di Gianyar ........................................................ 55 Gambar 3.4 Laju Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kabupaten Gianyar ........................................ 56 Gambar 3.5 Persebaran Fasilitas Vital dan Perbelanjaan di Gianyar .............................. 57 Gambar 3.6 Kunjungan Wisatawan di Gianyar ................................................................ 58 Gambar 3.7 Objek Wisata di Kawasan Pantai di Gianyar ............................................... 59 Gambar 3.8 Objek Wisata di Kawasan Pantai di Gianyar............................................... 59 Gambar 3.9 Peta Konsep Pengembangan Tata Ruang (ukuran penuh terampir – 4) ...... 60 Gambar 4.1 Susunan struktural pengelola mall ................................................................ 76 Gambar 4.2 Uraian kegiatan pengunjung reguler ............................................................ 77 Gambar 4.3 Uraian kegiatan tamu mall ............................................................................ 77 Gambar 4.4 Uraian kegiatan staf reguler .......................................................................... 78 Gambar 4.5 Uraian kegiatan staf operasional .................................................................. 78 Gambar 4.6 Uraian kegiatan staf servis ............................................................................ 78 Gambar 4.7 Uraian kegiatan staf security ........................................................................ 79 Gambar 4.8 Uraian kegiatan supplier barang ................................................................... 79 Gambar 4.9 Uraian kegiatan penyewa retailer/penyewa tenant ....................................... 79 Gambar 4.10 Matrik Hubungan Ruang Makro ................................................................ 102 Gambar 4.11 Matrik Hubungan Ruang Mikro ................................................................. 102 Gambar 4.12 Sirkulasi Ruang........................................................................................... 103 Gambar 4.13 Organisasi Ruang........................................................................................ 104 Gambar 4.14 Pemilihan Lokasi ........................................................................................ 105 Gambar 4.15 Pemilihan Tapak ......................................................................................... 107 Gambar 4.16 Tapak Alternatif 1 ....................................................................................... 108 Gambar 4.17 Tapak Alternatif 2....................................................................................... 109 Gambar 4.18 Tapak Alternatif 3 ....................................................................................... 110 Gambar 4.19 Data Lokasi ................................................................................................. 111 Gambar 4.20 Lingkungan di Sekitar Tapak ..................................................................... 112 Gambar 4.21 Kondisi View dan Respon Desain .............................................................. 113 Gambar 4.22 Kondisi Eksisting Tapak ............................................................................. 113 Gambar 4.23 Proses Pemilihan Bentuk Tapak ................................................................. 114 Gambar 4.24 Kondisi BUA dan Respon Desain .............................................................. 115 Gambar 4.25 Data Topografi ............................................................................................ 115 Gambar 4.26 Data Geologi dan Hidrologi ....................................................................... 116 Gambar 4.27 Data Iklim, Angin dan Cahaya ................................................................... 117 Gambar 4.28 Kondisi Iklim dan Respon Desain .............................................................. 118 Gambar 4.29 Analisa Trafik ............................................................................................. 119 Gambar 4.30 Kondisi Sirkulasi Tapak dan Respon Desain ............................................. 120 Gambar 4.31 Analisa Utilitas Tapak ................................................................................ 120 Gambar 4.32 Kondisi Utilitas dan Respon Desain ........................................................... 121 Gambar 4.33 Karakteristik Tapak .................................................................................... 122 Beach Mall di Gianyar

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Gambar 5.1 Pola Entrance Tapak ..................................................................................... 124 Gambar 5.2 Tampilan Entrance Tapak ............................................................................. 125 Gambar 5.3 Konsep Entrance Tapak (final) ..................................................................... 125 Gambar 5.4 Zoning dari Atas ........................................................................................... 126 Gambar 5.5 Konsep Zoning Tapak (final) ....................................................................... 126 Gambar 5.6 Bentuk Massa Dilihat dari Atas .................................................................... 127 Gambar 5.7 Massa Vertikal .............................................................................................. 127 Gambar 5.8 Pola Massa 3D .............................................................................................. 127 Gambar 5.9 Orientasi ke pantai ........................................................................................ 128 Gambar 5.10 Skema hubungan mall dengan pantai ......................................................... 128 Gambar 5.11 Sirkulasi Tapak ........................................................................................... 129 Gambar 5.12 Parkir Outdoor ............................................................................................ 129 Gambar 5.13 Parkir menyatu dengan ruang luar .............................................................. 129 Gambar 5.14 Parkir Basement.......................................................................................... 129 Gambar 5.15 Konsep Ruang Luar .................................................................................... 130 Gambar 5.16 Pedestrian Mall ........................................................................................... 130 Gambar 5.17 Sirkulasi di depan retail .............................................................................. 130 Gambar 5.18 Entrance Bangunan ..................................................................................... 131 Gambar 5.19 Drop Off ..................................................................................................... 132 Gambar 5.20 Zoning Bangunan ....................................................................................... 133 Gambar 5.21 Zoning bangunan (final) ............................................................................. 133 Gambar 5.22 Jembatan Antar Massa ................................................................................ 134 Gambar 5.23 Sirkulasi Bangunan dan Generator Mall .................................................... 134 Gambar 5.24 Ruang dalam retail ...................................................................................... 135 Gambar 5.25 Ruang dalam bioskop ................................................................................. 135 Gambar 5.26 Konsep Tampilan Bangunan ...................................................................... 136 Gambar 5.27 Tampilan Bangunan dari Jalan ................................................................... 136 Gambar 5.28 Tampilan Bangunan dari Pantai ................................................................. 137 Gambar 5.29 Konsep Struktur .......................................................................................... 138 Gambar 5.30 Skema Jaringan Listrik ............................................................................... 139 Gambar 5.31 Jaringan Listrik dalam Mall........................................................................ 139 Gambar 5.32 Pencahayaan Alami .................................................................................... 140 Gambar 5.33 Pencahayaan Buatan ................................................................................... 140 Gambar 5.34 Konsep Penghawaan Mall .......................................................................... 141 Gambar 5.35 Skema Pengolahan Air Bersih .................................................................... 142 Gambar 5.36 Skema Pengelolaan Air Kotor .................................................................... 142 Gambar 5.37 Skema Pengolahan air hujan....................................................................... 143 Gambar 5.38 Skema Plumbing pada tapak ...................................................................... 143 Gambar 5.39 Skema Penanganan Sampah ....................................................................... 144 Gambar 5.40 Penanganan sampah di Beach Mall ............................................................ 144 Gambar 5.41 Sistem evakuasi pemadam kebakaran ........................................................ 145 Gambar 5.42 Sistem Penangkal Petir ............................................................................... 146

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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Ukuran Tenant .................................................................................................. 23 Tabel 2.2 Kebutuhan Pencahayaan untuk Berbagai Kegiatan.......................................... 26 Tabel 2.3 Pencahayaan sesuai jenis lampu ....................................................................... 27 Tabel 2.4 Komparasi Hasil Studi Banding : ..................................................................... 43 Tabel 3.1 Data Luas Wilayah Kecamatan di Gianyar ...................................................... 53 Tabel 3.2 Jumlah penduduk pada masing-masing kecamatan ......................................... 54 Tabel 3.3 Fasilitas Wisata di Gianyar............................................................................... 58 Tabel 3.4 Strategi SWOT ................................................................................................. 64 Tabel 4.1 Penentuan Tema ............................................................................................... 73 Tabel 4.2 Analisa Kebutuhan Ruang ................................................................................ 80 Tabel 4.3 Kesimpulan Kebutuhan Ruang......................................................................... 84 Tabel 4.4 Perhitungan Kedatangan Pengunjung Per Jam ................................................. 87 Tabel 4.5 Asumsi Jumlah Penjual .................................................................................... 88 Tabel 4.6 Jumlah Pengelola Mall ..................................................................................... 88 Tabel 4.7 Kapasista Parkir................................................................................................ 89 Tabel 4.8 Program Performansi........................................................................................ 90 Tabel 4.9 Perhitungan Besaran Ruang ............................................................................. 93 Tabel 4.10 Distribusi Ruang di Setiap Lantai .................................................................. 101 Tabel 4.11 Pembobotan kriteria lokasi ............................................................................. 105 Tabel 4.12 Penilaian Alternatif Lokasi ............................................................................. 106 Tabel 4.13 Pembobotan Kriteria ...................................................................................... 107

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