BAB IV PERENCANAAN & PERHITUNGAN
4.1 Data Utama Kapal Data utama kapal merupakan ukuran kapal secara umum. Tabel 4.1 Prinsiple Dimention No
Prinsiple Dimention
1
Nama Proyek Kapal
TUG BOAT 29 METER
2
No Proyek
TM_TB29_01
3
Owner
TESCO
4
Class
BKI
5
Designer
PT. TESCO INDOMARITIM
6
Produksi
PT. TESCO INDOMARITIM
7
Loa
29 m
8
Lpp
28 m
9
L
5m
10
T
5m
11
V
15,5 Knots
4.2 Desain Kondisi 4.2.1 Ambient Condition And Indoor Condition Of Accomodation
summer
Out Side Condition
Inside Condition
35 0C DB/RH 70%
27 0C DB/RH 50%
4.2.2 suhu air tawar untuk pendingin kondensor = 36o C
4.2.3 Fresh Air Ratio: 1. Summer Seasion: 40% 2. Winter Seasion: 40% 3. Fresh Air 30m3/h/Orang
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4.3 Perhitungan Beban Pemanasan Proses perhintungan dilakukan tiap ruangan yang meliputi transmisi load, lighting load, solar load, personal load, dan equipmen load. Koefisien heat transfer dan perbedaan suhu antar ruangan menggunakan aturan ISO 7547 hal 3 (tabel 4.2 dan tabel 4.3). Tabel 4.2 Perbedaan Temperatur Antara Ruangan Yang Berdampingan Deck or Bulkhead Deck againts tank provided with heating Deck and bulkhead against boiler room Deck and bulkhead against engine room and againts non air-conditioned galley Deck and bulkhead against non heated tank, cargo space and equivalent Deck and bulkhead against public sanitary space Deck and bulkhead against private sanitary space a) with any part against exposed eksternal surface b) not exposed c) with any part against engine/boiler room Bulkhead against alleyway
∆T K Summer Winter 43 28 17 18 13
42
11
17
2
0
1
0
6
0
2
5
Sumber: __________.1985. Air Conditioning And Ventilation Of Accommodation Spaces On Board Ships – Desaign Conditions And Basic Of Calculations. ISO, Swittzerland.
Tabel 4.3 Koefisien Total Heat Transfer4) Surface Weather deck not exposed to sun's radiation ship side and external bulkheads deck and bulkhead against engine room, cargo space or other non-air -conditioned space deck and bulkhead against boiler room or boiler in engine room Deck against open air or weather deck eposed to sun's radiation and deck against hot tanks Side scuttles and rectagular windows, single glazing Side scuttles and rectagular windows, double glazing Bulkheads against alleyway non-sound reducing Bulkheads against alleyway sound reducing
total heat transfer coefficient, k W/(m2.K) 0,9
0,8 0,7 0,6 6,5 3,5 2,5 0,9
Sumber: __________.1985. Air Conditioning And Ventilation Of Accommodation Spaces On Board Ships – Desaign Conditions And Basic Of Calculations. ISO, Swittzerland.
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Berikut hasil perhitungan heat load tiap ruangan: 1. Wheel House Tablel 4.4 Perhitungan Heat Load di Ruangan Wheel House
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2. Main Deck Tablel 4.5 Perhitungan Heat Load di Ruangan Captain
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Tablel 4.6 Perhitungan Heat Load di Ruangan Chief Engineer Room
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Tablel 4.7 Perhitungan Heat Load di Ruangan Mess Room
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Tablel 4.8 Perhitungan Heat Load di Ruangan Galley
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Tablel 4.9 Perhitungan Heat Load di Ruangan Toilet
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3. Below Main Deck Tablel 4.10 Perhitungan Heat Load di Ruangan Room 1 2 Men
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Tablel 4.11 Perhitungan Heat Load di Ruangan Room 2 4 Men
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Tablel 4.12 Perhitungan Heat Load di Ruangan 3 4 Men
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Adapun total heat load untuk masing-masing ruangan baik sensible heat maupun laten heat sebagai berikut:
Tabel 4.13 Total Head Load Deck ELEVATED DECK
MAIN DECK
BELOW MAIN DECK
Room WHEEL HOUSE CAPTAIN ROOM CHIEF ENGINEER ROOM MESS ROOM GALLEY TOILET ROOM 1 ROOM 2 ROOM 3
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SH (W) 6828 912 676 1145 1672 399 1272 1515 1515
Heat Load LH (W) 920 160 160 320 500 0 320 490 490
TOTAL (W) 7748 1072 836 1465 2172 399 1592 2005 2005
4.4 Penentuan Air Volume Balancing Kapasitas udara yang harus disuplai kedalam ruangan akomodasi diketahui dengan menggunakan analisis psikometrik sehingga diketahui enthalpy dan suhu ADP. proses Analisis psikometrik dapat dilihat pada daftar lampiran A. Adapun hasil perhitungan dari analisis psikometrik dapat dilihat tabel dibawah ini.
Air Volume & Balancing Table For A/C & Mechanical Vent. Sistem Tabel 4.14 Air Volume & Balancing Table For A/C & Mechanical Vent. Sistem
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4.5 Perencanaa Saluran Udara 4.5.1 Penentuan Dimensi Ducting Ruangan Akomodasi Tabel 4.15 Dimensi Ducting Ruangan Akomodasi Quantity
Velocity
SECTION
ΔP dim
DUCT DIMENTION A (m²)
1.08
1.7
1.184
0.03
0.69
2.75
1.184
0.11
2.5
1.184
0.11
0.69
2
1.184
0.69
3
1.184
1.5
1.184
0.02
1.5
1.184
0.02
2.4
1.184
0.02
1.5
1.184
0.02
2.5
1.184
0.02
2
1.184
1.5
1.184
1.35
V (m/s) 6
0.225
750X300
C-F
1.08
6
0.18
600X300
0.40
F-I
1.08
6
0.18
600X200
0.30
0.69
F-L
1.08
6
0.18
600X200
0.30
C-D
1.08
6
0.18
350X150
0.21
N-P
0.18
6
300X150
0.21
I-J
0.18
6
0.03
300X100
0.15
I-K
0.18
6
0.03
300X100
0.15
N-O
0.18
6
0.03
300X100
0.15
L-M
0.18
6
0.03
300X100
0.15
0.03
300X100
0.15
300X100
0.15
P-Q
0.18
6
P-R
0.18
6
0.03
0.03
Friction Coef.
(m)
A-C
(mm x mm )
Dencity ρ (kg/m³)
EQU. L 0.43
Q (m³/s)
Duct lengh
(Pascal)
0.02
0.02
λ/d
ΔP1 Sketch
Resist coef. ϛ
(Pascal)
ΔP2
0.07
-
-
-
0.07
0.24
T
1.4
0.97
1.21
0.21
T
3.5
2.42
2.63
0.23
0.37
elbow
1.5
1.04
1.40
0.23
0.51
elbow
2.5
1.73
2.24
0.01
T
1.4
0.03
0.03
0.23
0.01
elbow
1.4
0.03
0.03
0.23
0.01
-
-
-
0.01
0.23
0.01
-
-
-
0.01
0.23
0.01
-
-
-
0.01
0.23
0.01
-
-
-
0.01
0.01
-
0.23
0.23
0.01 Total Static Pressure
Ket.:
20%
ΔP dim=ρ/2xW² (Pascal) ΔP1=λ/dxΔP dimxL ΔP2=ϛ x ΔP dim
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ΔP1-ΔP2
(Pascal)
7.58 9.10
Gambar 4.1 Sket Ducting Ruangan Akomodasi
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4.5.3 Kapasitas Fan Ruang Akomodasi a. Tekanan Static Pressure FAN adalah 9.10 Pascal = 9.10 N/M2 b. Kapasitas udara Fan minimal adalah 1.35 m3/s c. Daya Motor Fan = v x ΔP x C : ϛ Dimana : V = Kapasitas udara ΔP = Total static pressure C = Factor Fan Ϛ = Isolasi Fan Daya Motor Fan = 1.35 m3/s x 9.10 N/M2 X 1.15 : 0.6 = 23.5 Watt
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Adapun dari gambar sket diaplikasikan ke gambar general arrangement kapal tugboat adalah sebagai berikut: 1. Whell House
Gambar 4.2 Lay Out Ducting Ruangan Wheell House
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2. Bride Deck
Gambar 4.3 Lay Out Ducting di Bridge Deck
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3. Main Deck
Gambar 4.4 Lay Out Ducting di Main Deck
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4.5.1.1 Below Main Deck
Gambar 4.5 Lay Out Ducting di Below Main Deck
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4.6 Perencanaan HVAC di Kamar Mesin Perhitungan kapasitas udara yang disuplai di kamar mesin adalah sebagai berikut: Tabel 4.16 Dimensi Ducting Ruang Mesin Quantity
Velocity
SECTION Q (m³/s) A-B B-E B-H C-L D-K E-J E-I F-M G-N H-O H-P
2.16 1.08 1.08 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27
V (m/s) 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
DUCT DIMENTION A (m²) 0.36 0.18 0.18 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045 0.045
(mm x mm ) 600x600 400x300 400x300 300x100 300x100 300x100 300x100 300x100 300x100 300x100 300x100
EQU. L 0.6 0.34 0.34 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
ΔP dim (Pascal) 2.76 0.69 0.69 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04
Duct lengh (m) 1.5 3.5 3.5 1 1.5 1 1 1 1 1 1.5
Dencity ρ (kg/m³) 1.184 1.184 1.184 1.184 1.184 1.184 1.184 1.184 1.184 1.184 1.184
Friction Coef.
ΔP1
λ/d
(Pascal) 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02
0.05 0.11 0.11 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23
Sketch
Resist coef. ϛ
T T -
1.4 1.4 -
ΔP2 (Pascal) 0.97 0.97 -
Total Static Pressure Ket.: ΔP dim=ρ/2xW² (Pascal) ΔP1=λ/dxΔP dimxL ΔP2=ϛ x ΔP dim
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ΔP1ΔP2 0.29 1.26 1.26 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 4.36
Gambar 4.6 Sket Ducting Kamar Mesin
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Gambar 4.7 Lay Out Duct Diagram Engine Room
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4.5.3 Kapasitas Fan Ruang Mesin a. Tekanan Static Pressure FAN adalah 4.36 Pascal = 4.36 N/M2 b. Kapasitas udara Fan minimal adalah 2 x 2.16 m3/s c. Daya Motor Fan = v x ΔP x C : ϛ Dimana : V = Kapasitas udara ΔP = Total static pressure C = Factor Fan Ϛ = Isolasi Fan Daya Motor Fan = 2.16 m3/s x 2.52 N/M2 X 1.15 : 0.6 = 18,1 Watt
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4.6 Desain Lay Out HVAC Sentral
Gambar 4.8 Sistem HVAC Sentral di Wheel House
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Gambar 4.9 Sistem HVAC Sentral di Main Deck
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Gambar 4.10 Sistem HVAC Sentral di Below Main Deck
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