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to
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LAMPIRAN 1
Faktor hubungan antara kecepatan rotasi, rpm, dengan nomor rotor pada Viskometer Brookfield model BM Tokyo Keiko Co., Ltd. Tokyo Japan.
Hubungan antara-Bilangan Penyabunan dengan Derajat Substitusi Hubungan antara bilangan penyabunan dengan derajat substitusi dihitung secara teoretis. Bilangan penyabunan adalah banyak mgram KOH yang diperlukan untuk menyabunkan satu gram ester sukrosa. Perhitungan dilakukan untuk ester sukrosa dari C S 0 (belum tersubstitusi) sa~npaidengan DS 8. Sebagai contoh: Bahan dasar yang digunakan sukrosa oktaasetat (SOAC) mempunyai
rumus
molekul C I1H1403(CH3C00)8 dan berat molekul666. Untuk Derajat Substitusi 0 . Reaksi penyabunan yang berlangsung adalah CIIHI~O~(CH~CO +O 8 )KOH ~
1 gram SOAC
=
CIIH~~O~(O + H8 )CH3COOK ~
1/666 rnol membutuhkan 81666 rnol KOH
untuk
penyabunan. 8/666 rnol KOH = 8/666 x 56 x 1000 mgram
= 672,67
mgram
Jadi Bilangan Penyabunan untuk DS 0 adalah 672,67 Untuk Derajat Substitusi 1. Reaksi penyabunan yang berlangsung adalal~ CIIHI~O~(CH~COO)~(RC +O 8 OKOH ) - - + C ~ I H ~ ~ O ~ ( O7HCH3COOK )~+ RCOOK
1 gram C II H ~ ~ O ~ ( C H ~ C O O ) ~ ( R=C1/822 O O ) rnol membutuhkan 8/822 rnol KOH untuk penyabunan 8/822 rnol KOH = 8/822 x 56 x 1000 mgram
= 545,Ol
mgram.
Jadi Bilangan Penyabunan untuk DS1 adalah 545,Ol Selanjutnya dapat dihitung Bilangan Penyabunan untuk DS2 dan seterusnya. Hasil dari perhitungan itu disajikan pada Tabel berikut:
Hubungan antara Bilangan Penyabunan dengan Derajat Substitusi Bilangan Penyabunan
Derajat Substitusi
0
672,67
545,Ol
-
Graiik Hubungan Bilangan Penvabunan dan Derajat Substitusi
0
loo 0 0
2
4
6
8
Derajat Substitusi
10
LAMPIRAN 3. Banyaknya NaOH yang diperlukan untuk netralisasi asam lemak dalam minyak kelapa kasar (CNO)
Larutan NaOH 20°Be dibuat dengan melmtkan 167 gram NaOH dalarn 1 L akuades. NaOH yang dibutuhkan untuk menetralkan 100 gram minyak kelapa kasar dengan kadar asarn lernak bebas 4,58% sebagai oleat adalah: NaOH untuk penetralan = 100 x 4.58 x 0,142 100
= o,65 gram
gram = 0,15 gram NaOH excess = 100 x (021+0*2)x 1 100 Jadi NaOH total yang diperlukan adalah (0,65 + 0,15) gram = O,8O gram 0.80 gram = X mL x
16,7 gram 1L x 1L 1000 mL
Kromatogram ester meti1 dari minyak kelapa yang disintesis menurut rnetode Akoh dan Swanson (1988).
Kromatogram ester metil dari minyak kelapa yang disintesis dengan menggunakan katalis CH30Na.
Perhitungan Rendemen Rendemen dihitung berdasarkan anggapan bahwa poliester sukrosa yang terbentuk
adalah poliester sukrosa dengan DS 8 (sukrosa oktaester, SOE) dengan
asam lemak yang rnempakan rata-rata dari asam lemak yang berasal dari minyak kelapa. Reaksi yang berlangsung adalah SOAC
+
FAME
+
SOE
+ MeOH
1 mole SOAC menghasilkan 1 mol SOE Berat molekul SOAC
=
678,60
Berat molekul FAME
=
230
Berat molekul SOE
=
(678,6 - 8 x 43) + 8 x 199 = 1926.60 dimana berat
molekul gugus asetat 43 serta berat molekul gugus asil dari metil ester minyak kelapa 199. Contoh ~erhitunean SOAC yang digunakan sebanyak 30 gram dan menghasilkan SOE sebanyak 39,19 gram. Banyaknya SOAC yang digunakan dihasilkan
30 678,6
39919 mol 1926,60
Rendemen =
39,19 1926,60
X - 678'6
30
x 100 = 46,01%
mol serta SOE yang
LAMPIRAN 7. Sifat beberapa ester sukrosa komersial Nomor Ester Ryoto S 170
HLB 1
% Monoester 0
%Di-, tri-, poliester 100
