KIVI NIRIA Afdeling Oost
Afghanistan Ervaring Hans Husselman GTZ Water Sector Improvement Program Teamleader Component 3, Water Resources Management 7 juni 2010
RODECO Consulting GmbH
Afghanistan, Er is niet alleen maar oorlog ….. Overzicht van ontwikkelingen in Water Resources Management & UWSS
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Introduction:
General information, water related
Climate ETP 1200mm North 1800mm South South West Average 250 mm North-East 1200 mm South-West 60 mm December 2002
35°
May
2003
September 2003
Water Resources
-20°
Amu Darya River Basin Northern River Basin Harirud-Murghab Basin Helmand River Basin Kabul-Eastern River Basin
Irrigatie >80% Bevolking in landbouw 65 miljoen Ha
Water flow
Land area
Drinkwater voorziening Geen toegang tot drinkwater stedelijke gebieden
70%
platteland
80%
12% bebouwbaar 2% bosgebied 86% graasgebied of kaal Efficientie 15 – 30 % Op dit moment 2 miljoen Ha onder irrigatie Mid ’70’s Afghanistan zelfvoorzienend in voedsel productie
Efficientie watervoorziening ongeveer 50% Meer vraag dan voorziening Vervuiling oppervlakte - en grondwater Slechte sanitatie, Slechte/geen vast vuilinzameling 75% waterbronnen in Kabul vervuild
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Partners in the Water Sector
MoEW
MoAIL
AUWSSC/ MoUD MoM
MoRRD
MoH
NEPA
Ministry of Foreign Affairs for Transboundary waters
Main problems Lack of capable staff; Non-functional institutions
Backlog supply versus demand
Loss of hydrologic data
No national water resources development plan
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Het leggen van de fundering
“Kabul Understandings” May 2002
IWRM (geïntegreerd water beheer) Mijn Werk
Supreme Council for Water Affairs Mnt. (SCWAM)
RURAL WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION POLICY
IRRIGATION POLICY
WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT POLICY RIVER BASIN INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP
STRATEGIC POLICY FRAMEWORK for the WATER SECTOR
Hoever is de legpuzzel van de water sector
Water Law
Regulations
GROUNDWATER POLICY
URBAN WATER SUPPLY POLICY
UWSS SECTOR INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Amendment
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Vice Pres.
Technical Secretariat
Water
IWRM
Management
River Basin Approach
legislation
Stakeholder Participation
Resources
Splitting Functions
New
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It Looks at…..
But it also looks at: Social aspects
Surface Water Environmental aspects
Cultural aspects
IWRM
Ground Water
Legal aspects
Quality
But it also looks at:
Economical aspects
?
IWRM
Financial aspects
Institutional aspects
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River Basin Approach
CONSTITUTIONAL FUNCTION
ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTION
OPERATIONAL FUNCTION
•Vision establishment •Policy development
•Strategies
•Implementation
•Formal legislation
•Criteria, guidelines, standards
•Water use management
•Co-ordination of strategies
•Secondary legislation, regulation
•Monitoring
•Strategic planning
•General management
•Policing
•Organizational planning
•Sanctioning
Splitting Functions
•Creation of institutions
•Organization of implementation
•Water utility management
Myrabs District
River Basin Management
Municipality
Ministry
River Basin Council &
Water User Association
Water Resources Sector
Sub-Basin Council + River Basin Agency & Sub-Basin Agency
Water Service provider Hydro power Service provider
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River Basin Institutional Arrangements
Advisory Board of Provincial Departments MAIL MRRD MM Health NEPA MUD Economics Municipalities
Supreme Council for Water Affairs Management Technical Secretariat
MEW River Basin Coordination Advice
Advice Active representation
Stakeholder Participation
• MEW •MAIL MRRD MM MUD Kabul Municipality NEPA
River Basin Agency
Tasks, decisions
River Basin Council
Provincial Development / Management Committee
Representation Information Instructions
Sub-Basin Agency
Advice
Sub-basin Council
Instructions Executive operator / service provider: Mirab Irr scheme operator WS operator Hydro-power operator
Mirab Associations, Jirgas / Shuras, Other Stakeholder / Community Organizations / Associations, Supervisory board
Functions and Powers of (Sub) Basin Council Water Allocation
Stakeholder Participation
Granting Licenses River Basin Management Strategy Regulate Water Use Monitoring and Evaluation
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My Work
UWSS
Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
---- 2008
MoF
MUD
WS funds
CAWSS (SOE) Herat
Kabul
WS
WS
Mazar-eSharif WS
Kandahar WS
Kunduz WS
In total 32 provincial water supply offices
Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
2008 ----
MoF BoD
MUD
AUWSS Corporation May 2010
6x SBU
Smaller provincial towns WS
Kabul Herat Kandahar Kunduz Mazar-e-Sharif Jalabad
SBU = Strategic Business Unit Directly responsible for O&M Only percentage of income to AUWSS HQ Tariff setting still done by AUWSS
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Urban Water Supply and Sanitation
Vision
MoF BoD
MUD
AUWSS Corporation
BoD 6x Remaining small provincial towns WS
WS companies Kabul Herat Kandahar Kunduz Mazar-e-Sharif Jalabad
Barrieres in de ontwikkeling
Irrigatie ?
MoEW
Klein schalig, weinig belangstelling MEW & MAIL Succesvol bij donoren MoRRD
Te grote projecten -”droomkastelen”
Donor fluctuatie/coordinatie MoAIL
Vrij oude staf bij MEW ....eigen belang
AUWSS Corporation op papier
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De Magie van Water
WATER : een ongrijpbaar natuurlijk rijkdom
Dat moeilijk is vast te houden
VOORTGANG ? ARD Cluster Irrigatie ? MoAIL
MoEW
Water Beheer Irrigatie Plattelands ontwikkeling
In River Basins MoRRD
AUWSS Corporation baas over stedelijk water (Mei 2010)
AUWSSC
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Mijn ervaring
met de Afghaanse counterparts
Infrastructuur
Institutionele Opbouw
Samenwerking met EU - Panj Amu Darya River Basin project Grensoverschrijdende rivieren: 4 van 5 rivier-stroomgebieden grensoverschrijdend
UWSS
WRM
Mijn ervaring
met de cultuur
Afghanen zijn trotse mensen
حصاری زبان Taal barriere
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De Afghaanse droom/visie RBM in place
Commercially operated business units in urban water supply
Hydro-metric network operating
yes
National WR development plan
SCWAM + tech.secr functioning
Proper WRM curriculum at Universities
De Afghaanse uitdagingen
• Improvement of human resources • Creation of political will for support • Setting-up institutional components • Awareness creation with general public • Opening dialogue for transboundary issues • Establishment of water research institute
Info also at www.ands.gov.af
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Integrated Water Resources Management for a sustainable future of Afghanistan.
They work on that !!!
AFGHAN GERMAN TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION
RODECO Consulting GmbH
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