Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran keseluruhan mengenai derajat altruisme yang dimiliki mahasiswa psikologi Universitas “X” Bandung. Disain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah Stratified Sampling. Kuesioner dibuat dan disebarkan kepada sample yang merupakan 325 orang mahasiswa psikologi. Alat ukur yang digunakan merupakan alat ukur yang disusun oleh peneliti berdasarkan teori Altruisme dari Smith (2011). Validitas diuji menggunakan teknik construct validity dengan rumus Spearman dan reliabilitas diuji menggunakan teknik split half. Uji validitas dan reliabilitas tersebut dihitung menggunakan program SPSS Statistic 17.0. Berdasarkan uji validitas diperoleh 43 item valid dengan validitas berkisar antara 0.340 to 0.692 dan diperoleh koefisien reliabilitas 0.957 yang berarti alat ukur yang digunakan reliabel. Data yang diperoleh kemudian diolah menggunakan teknik distribusi frekuensi dan disimpulkan bahwa sebanyak 55.4% mahasiswa psikologi memiliki derajat altruisme yang rendah, dan sebanyak 44.6% memiliki derajat altruisme yang tinggi. Berdasarkan aspeknya, mahasiswa psikologi yang memiliki derajat altruisme rendah, memiliki aspek concern yang tinggi, empati yang tinggi, tetapi cost yang rendah, benefit to recipient yang rendah, dan ease of escape yang rendah. Mahasiswa psikologi yang memiliki derajat altruisme tinggi memiliki aspek concern yang tinggi, cost yang tinggi, benefit to recipient yang tinggi, empati yang tinggi, dan ease of escape yang tinggi. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya disarankan melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai altruisme dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya terutama mengenai tipe pola asuh yang dialami mahasiswa psikologi, dan hubungannya terhadap derajat altruisme.
vii Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Abstract
This study aimed to get an overview concerning The Degree of Altruism of psychology students in University “X” Bandung. This study used descriptive design. Sampling technique used was Stratified Sampling. A questionnaire was made and administered to a total of 325 students enrolled in psychology major. The measuring instrument used in this study was constructed by researcher, based on Altruism theory by Smith (2011). Validity was measured using Construct Validity technique with Spearman formula, and reliability was also tested using Split Half technique. Validity and reliability was calculated using SPSS Statistic 17.0 software. Validity calculation discovered 43 valid items with validity coefficient ranging from 0,340 to 0,692. Reliability was also measured and discovered that the coefficient reliability is 0,957, which means the measuring instrument is reliable. Data were calculated using frequency distribution method and concluded that a total of 55.4% psychology students have low degree of altruism, and a total of 44.6% psychology students have high degree of altruism. Based on its aspects, psychology students whose degree in altruism is low, have high degree of concern, high degree of empathy, but low degree of cost, low degree of benefit to recipient, and low degree of ease of escape. Psychology students whose degree in altruism is high, also have high degree of concern, cost, benefit to recipient, empathy, and high degree of ease of escape. For further study, it is suggested to conduct a further research regarding the factors that influenced altruism, particularly regarding type of parenting that psychology students experienced and its correlation to the degree of altruism.
viii Universitas Kristen Maranatha
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................ i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ..................................................................................... ii PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ........................................................................ iii PERNYATAAN PUBLIKASI ............................................................................... iv KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................. v ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ vii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... ix DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................ xiii DAFTAR BAGAN ............................................................................................... xiv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................... xv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................... 1 1.1
Latar Belakang Masalah................................................................................. 1
1.2
Identifikasi Masalah ..................................................................................... 10
1.3
Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian..................................................................... 10
1.4
1.3.1
Maksud Penelitian.......................................................................... 10
1.3.2
Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................... 10
Kegunaan Penelitian .................................................................................... 10 1.4.1
Kegunaan Teoretis ......................................................................... 10
ix Universitas Kristen Maranatha
1.4.2
Kegunaan Praktis ........................................................................... 11
1.5
Kerangka Pikir ............................................................................................. 11
1.6
Asumsi ......................................................................................................... 23
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................... 24 2.1
2.2
Altruisme...................................................................................................... 24 2.1.1
Definisi Altruisme.......................................................................... 24
2.1.2
Aspek Altruisme ............................................................................ 25
2.1.3
Faktor yang mempengaruhi Altruisme .......................................... 29
Teori Perkembangan Emerging Adulthood .................................................. 31 2.2.1
Definisi Emerging Adulthood ........................................................ 31
2.2.2
Lima Fitur Emerging Adulthood .................................................... 32
2.2.3
Karakteristik Perkembangan Emerging Adulthood ....................... 35
2.2.4
Tugas Perkembangan Emerging Adulthood .................................. 37
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN .............................................................. 40 3.1
Rancangan Penelitian ................................................................................... 41
3.2
Bagan Rancangan Penelitian........................................................................ 41
3.3
Variabel Penelitian dan Definisi Operasional .............................................. 41
3.4
3.3.1
Variabel Penelitian ......................................................................... 41
3.3.2
Definisi Operasional ...................................................................... 41
Alat Ukur ..................................................................................................... 42 3.4.1
Kisi-kisi Alat Ukur Altruisme........................................................ 42
x Universitas Kristen Maranatha
3.5
3.6
3.4.2
Prosedur Pengisian Alat Ukur ....................................................... 44
3.4.3
Sistem Penilaian Alat Ukur............................................................ 44
3.4.4
Kategorisasi ................................................................................... 45
3.4.5
Data Pribadi dan Data Penunjang .................................................. 46
3.4.6
Validitas dan Reliabilitas Alat Ukur .............................................. 46
Populasi Sasaran dan Teknik Pengambilan Sampel .................................... 47 3.5.1
Populasi Sasaran ............................................................................ 47
3.5.2
Karakteristik Populasi .................................................................... 48
3.5.3
Teknik Penarikan Sampel .............................................................. 48
Teknik Analisis Data.................................................................................... 49
BAB IV PEMBAHASAN ..................................................................................... 50 4.1
Gambaran Responden .................................................................................. 50 4.1.1 Gambaran Responden Berdasarkan Usia ............................................ 50 4.1.2 Gambaran Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin ............................ 51 4.1.3 Gambaran Responden Berdasarkan Angkatan.................................... 51
4.2
Gambaran Hasil Penelitian........................................................................... 52 4.2.1 Gambaran Umum Altruisme ............................................................... 52 4.2.1 Gambaran Altruisme Berdasarkan Aspek ........................................... 53 4.2.1 Gambaran Altruisme Berdasarkan Usia.............................................. 54 4.2.1 Gambaran Altruisme Berdasarkan Angkatan ..................................... 54 4.2.4 Gambaran Altruisme Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin .............................. 55 4.2.5 Gambaran Altruisme Berdasarkan Modeling ..................................... 56
xi Universitas Kristen Maranatha
4.2.6 Gambaran Altruisme Berdasarkan Pola Asuh .................................... 58 4.2.7 Gambaran Altruisme Berdasarkan Tipe Kepribadian ......................... 59 4.3
Pembahasan ................................................................................................. 59
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ..................................................................... 73 5.1
Simpulan.... ................................................................................................. 73
5.2
Saran ............................................................................................................ 74
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................ 76 DAFTAR RUJUKAN ........................................................................................... 78 LAMPIRAN ..........................................................................................................79
xii Universitas Kristen Maranatha
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 Kisi-Kisi Alat Ukur .................................................................................. 42 Tabel 4.1 Gambaran Responden Berdasarkan Usia ................................................. 50 Tabel 4.2 Gambaran Responden Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin .................................. 51 Tabel 4.3 Gambaran Responden Berdasarkan Angkatan ......................................... 51 Tabel 4.4 Gambaran Umum Altruisme .................................................................... 52 Tabel 4.5 Gambaran Umum Altruisme Pada Setiap Aspek ..................................... 53 Tabel 4.6 Gambaran Altruisme Berdasarkan Usia .................................................... 54 Tabel 4.7 Gambaran Altruisme Berdasarkan Angkatan ........................................... 54 Tabel 4.8 Gambaran Altruisme Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin.................................... 55 Tabel 4.9 Gambaran Altruisme Berdasarkan Figur Signifikan ................................. 56 Tabel 4.10 Gambaran Altruisme Berdasarkan Alasan Memilih ............................... 57 Tabel 4.11 Gambaran Altruisme Berdasarkan Contoh Perilaku Figur...................... 57 Tabel 4.12 Gambaran Altruisme Berdasarkan Pola Asuh ......................................... 58 Tabel 4.13 Gambaran Altruisme Berdasarkan Tipe Kepribadian .............................. 59
xiii Universitas Kristen Maranatha
DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 1.1
Kerangka Pikir ................................................................................... 22
Bagan 3.1
Rancangan Penelitian ......................................................................... 40
xiv Universitas Kristen Maranatha
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran A
Kisi-kisi alat ukur, Inform consent, Kuesioner, Data Penunjang.
Lampiran B
Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Alat Ukur
Lampiran C
Tabel-tabel hasil penelitian
Lampiran D
Tabel-tabel tabulasi silang data utama dan penunjang
Lampiran E
Lembar Pengesahan Pengambilan Data Di Universitas
Lampiran F
Biodata Peneliti
xv Universitas Kristen Maranatha
