DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL............................................................................................... ii HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN................................................................................ iii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN................................................................................. iv HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ................................................................................ v HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ............................................................................. vi KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................ vii DAFTAR ISI........................................................................................................... ix DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................. xiii DAFTAR TABEL................................................................................................... xiv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN........................................................................................... xvi INTISARI................................................................................................................ xviii ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................. xix BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang ............................................................................................ 1 B. Perumusan Masalah .................................................................................... 2 C. Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................................ 2 D. Manfaat ....................................................................................................... 2 BAB II STUDI PUSTAKA..................................................................................... 3 A. Tinjauan Pustaka ......................................................................................... 3 1. Simplisia Daun Senna........................................................................ 3 a. Sistematika .................................................................................... 4 b. Morfologi Tanaman ...................................................................... 4 c. Kandungan dan Penggunaan ......................................................... 4 2. Ekstraksi............................................................................................. 5 a. Metode Ekstraksi........................................................................... 6 b. Cairan Penyari............................................................................... 7 3. Tablet Effervescent ............................................................................ 8
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4. Pemerian Bahan ................................................................................. 13 5. Pengeringan Semprot (spray drying)................................................. 16 6. Spektrofotometri UV-Vis .................................................................. 17 B. Landasan Teori............................................................................................ 18 C. Hipotesis...................................................................................................... 19 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN.......................................................................... 20 A. Bahan dan Alat ............................................................................................ 20 1. Bahan ................................................................................................. 20 2. Alat..................................................................................................... 20 B. Cara Penelitian ............................................................................................ 21 1. Skematika Kerja................................................................................. 21 2. Identifikasi Simplisia Daun Senna (Cassia acutifolia)...................... 22 a. Uji Makroskopis............................................................................ 22 b. Uji Mikroskopis ............................................................................ 22 3. Penentuan Dosis Daun Senna (Cassia acutifolia) ................................ 22 4. Formula Tablet Effervescent Ekstrak Daun Senna ............................ 23 5. Infundasi Daun Senna ........................................................................ 23 6. Uji Kualitatif Antrakuinon Dalam Infusa Daun Senna...................... 24 7. Uji Kuantitatif Antrakuinon Dalam Ekstrak Kering Daun Senna ..... 24 8. Uji karakteristik Ekstrak Kering Daun Senna.................................... 25 a. Pemeriksaan Organoleptis............................................................. 25 b. Uji Susut Pengeringan................................................................... 25
9. Pemeriksaan Sifat Fisik Granul ......................................................... 25 a. Waktu Alir..................................................................................... 25 b. Pengetapan .................................................................................... 25 c. Sudut Diam ................................................................................... 25 d. Carrs Index ................................................................................... 26 e. Susut Pengeringan......................................................................... 26 10. Pembuatan Tablet Effervescent.......................................................... 26 11. Pemeriksaan Sifat Fisik Tablet .......................................................... 27
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a. Keseragaman Bobot ...................................................................... 27 b. Keseragaman Ukuran .................................................................... 27 c. Kekerasan Tablet........................................................................... 27 d. Kerapuhan ..................................................................................... 27 e. Waktu Larut .................................................................................. 27 f. Uji Tanggapan Responden ............................................................ 27 C. Analisis Hasil .............................................................................................. 28 BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ................................................................ 29 A. Identifikasi Simplisia Daun Senna (Cassia acutifolia) .................................. 29 1. Hasil Uji Makroskopis ....................................................................... 29 2. Hasil Uji Mikroskopis........................................................................ 30
B. Hasil Uji Karakteristik dan Kandungan Senyawa Infusa dan Ekstrak Kering Daun Senna (Cassia acutifolia)................................................................... 33 1. Hasil Pemeriksaan Organoleptis........................................................ 33 2. Hasil Uji Susut Pengeringan .............................................................. 34 3. Hasil Uji Kualitatif Antrakuinon Dalam Infusa Daun Senna ............ 34 4. Hasil Uji Kuantitatif Dan Rendemen Ekstrak Kering Daun Senna ... 35 C. Hasil Uji Sifat Fisik Granul Ekstrak Daun Senna (Cassia acutifolia) ........ 37 1. Hasil Uji Waktu Alir.......................................................................... 37 2. Hasil Uji Sudut Diam......................................................................... 38 3. Hasil Uji Pengetapan ......................................................................... 39 4. Hasil Uji Susut Pengeringan .............................................................. 40 D. Hasil Uji Sifat Fisik Tablet Effervescent Ekstrak Daun Senna (Cassia acutifolia) .................................................................................................... 42 1. Hasil Uji Keseragaman Bobot ........................................................... 42 2. Hasil Uji Keseragaman Ukuran ......................................................... 43 3. Hasil Uji Kekerasan Tablet................................................................ 44 4. Hasil Uji Kerapuhan .......................................................................... 45 5. Hasil Uji Waktu Larut........................................................................ 46 6. Hasil Uji Tanggapan Responden ....................................................... 47
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BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN.................................................................. 49 A. Kesimpulan .............................................................................................. 49 B. Saran ......................................................................................................... 49 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................. 50
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1
Daun senna (Cassia acutifolia) .................................................... 3
Gambar 2
Struktur sennosida .......................................................................... 5
Gambar 3
Struktur asam sitrat ........................................................................ 13
Gambar 4
Struktur asam tartrat ...................................................................... 13
Gambar 5
Struktur laktosa .............................................................................. 14
Gambar 6
Struktur natrium bikarbonat .......................................................... 14
Gambar 7
Struktur PEG 4000 ........................................................................ 15
Gambar 8
Struktur manitol.............................................................................. 15
Gambar 9
Skema kerja pembuatan tablet effervescent ................................... 21
Gambar 10
Mikroskopis simplisia daun senna yang digunakan.......................
31
Gambar 11
Mikroskopis simplisia daun senna menurut literatur .....................
32
Gambar 12
Granul ekstrak daun senna (Cassia acutifolia). .............................
37
Gambar 13
Tablet effervescent ekstrak daun senna (Cassia acutifolia) ........... 42
Gambar 14
Larutan tablet effervescent ekstrak daun senna (Cassia acutifolia) ...................................................................................... 48
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel I
Formula tablet effervescent ekstrak daun senna............................. 23
Tabel II
Klasifikasi penafsiran hasil dari Carrs Index ............................... 26
Tabel III
Data hasil pemeriksaan organoleptis daun senna dengan variasi kadar pemanis laktosa dan manitol .....................................................
Tabel IV
Data hasil identifikasi karakteristik daun senna dengan variasi kadar pemanis laktosa dan manitol .....................................................
Tabel V
33
Data hasil uji waktu alir granul effervescent ekstrak daun senna dengan variasi kadar pemanis laktosa dan manitol ...............................
Tabel VII
30
Data hasil pemeriksaan organoleptis ekstrak kering daun senna dengan variasi kadar pemanis laktosa dan manitol...............................
Tabel VI
29
37
Data hasil uji sudut diam massa granul effervescent ekstrak daun senna dengan variasi kadar pemanis laktosa dan manitol..................... 38
Tabel VIII
Data hasil uji pengetapan massa granul effervescent ekstrak daun senna dengan variasi kadar pemanis laktosa dan manitol ............ 39
Tabel IX
Data hasil uji susut pengeringan granul effervescent ekstrak daun sennadengan variasi kadar pemanis laktosa dan manitol ............. 40
Tabel X
Data hasil uji keseragaman bobot tablet effervescent ekstrak daun senna dengan variasi kadar pemanis laktosa dan manitol......................
Tabel XI
Data hasil uji keseragaman ukuran tablet effervescent ekstrak daun senna dengan variasi kadar pemanis laktosa dan manitol......................
Tabel XII
44
Data hasil uji kerapuhan tablet effervescent ekstrak daun senna dengan variasi kadar pemanis laktosa dan manitol......................
Tabel XIV
43
Data hasil uji kekerasan tablet effervescent ekstrak daun senna dengan variasi kadar pemanis laktosa dan manitol......................
Tabel XIII
42
45
Data hasil uji waktu larut tablet effervescent ekstrak daun senna dengan variasi kadar pemanis laktosa dan manitol......................
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46
Tabel XV
Data hasil uji tanggapan rasa larutan tablet effervescent ekstrak daun senna dengan variasi kadar pemanis laktosa dan manitol .............
Tabel XVI
47
Data hasil uji tanggapan aroma dan warna larutan tablet effervescent ekstrak daun senna dengan variasi kadar pemanis laktosa dan manitol ...........................................................................
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47
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1
Data hasil identifikasi makroskopis daun senna ............................ 53
Lampiran 2
Data hasil identifikasi mikroskopis daun senna ............................. 53
Lampiran 3
Data hasil uji kualitatif infusa daun senna ..................................... 55
Lampiran 4
Data hasil uji kuantitatif dan rendemen ekstrak kering daun senna........................................................................... 57
Lampiran 5
Data hasil uji susut pengeringan ekstrak kering dan granul effervescent daun senna................................................ 58
Lampiran 6
Data hasil uji waktu alir granul effervescent ekstrak daun senna ...................................................................................... 60
Lampiran 7
Data hasil uji sudut diam granul effervescent ekstrak daun senna ...................................................................................... 61
Lampiran 8
Data hasil uji pengetapan granul effervescent ekstrak daun senna ...................................................................................... 62
Lampiran 9
Data hasil uji keseragaman bobot tablet effervescent ekstrak daun senna............................................................................................... 64
Lampiran 10 Data hasil uji kekerasan tablet effervescent ekstrak daun senna .... 65 Lampiran 11 Data hasil uji kerapuhan tablet effervescent ekstrak daun senna .. 66 Lampiran 12 Data hasil uji waktu larut tablet effervescent ekstrak daun senna .. 66 Lampiran 13 Data hasil uji keseragaman ukuran tablet effervescent ekstrak daun senna ...................................................................................... 67 Lampiran 14 Data hasil uji tanggapan responden terhadap tablet effervescent ekstrak daun senna ..................................................... 68 Lampiran 15 Hasil uji statistik metode ANOVA pada uji waktu alir granul effervescent ekstrak daun senna .......................................... 72 Lampiran 16 Hasil uji statistik metode ANOVA pada uji sudut diam granul effervescent ekstrak daun senna .......................................... 73 Lampiran 17 Hasil uji statistik metode ANOVA pada uji pengetapan granul effervescent ekstrak daun senna .......................................... 74 Lampiran 18 Hasil uji statistik metode ANOVA pada uji susut
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pengeringan granul effervescent ekstrak daun senna ..................... 75 Lampiran 19 Hasil uji statistik metode ANOVA pada uji kekerasan tablet effervescent ekstrak daun senna ..................................................... 76 Lampiran 20 Hasil uji statistik metode ANOVA pada uji kerapuhan tablet effervescent ekstrak daun senna ..................................................... 77 Lampiran 21 Hasil uji statistik metode ANOVA pada uji waktu larut tablet effervescent ekstrak daun senna ..................................................... 78 Lampiran 22 Hasil spektrofotemeter UV/Vis sampel ekstrak kering daun senna .............................................................. 79
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