DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL……………………………………………………… i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN……….... …………………………………… ii PERSEMBAHAN………………………………………………………... iii HALAMAN MOTTO……………………………………………………. iv KATA PENGANTAR……………………………………………………. v ABSTRAK……………………………………………………………….. vii DAFTAR ISI…………..………………………………………………….. ix DAFTAR TABEL....................................................................................... xi DAFTAR GAMBAR.................................................................................. xii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN…………………………………………………… xv
BAB I. PENDAHULUAN…..…………………………………………...... 1 1.1. Latar Belakang………………………………………………… 2 1.2. Rumusan Masalah..…………………………………………… 2 1.3. Batasan Masalah……...………………………………………. 2 1.4. Tujuaan Penelitian….………………………………………… 2 1.5. Manfaat Penelitian….………………………………………… 3 1.6. Sistematika Penelitian Laporan................................................ 3
BAB II. KAJIAN PUSTAKA….……………………………………......
4
2.1. Tinjauan Pustaka…………………………………………….
4
2.2. Dasar Teori ………………………………………………….. 5 2.2.1.Definisi Pengelasan ……..……………………………
5
2.2.2.Klasifikasi Pengelasan……………………………….
6
2.2.3. Macam-macam Pengelasan…………………………..
7
2.3. Friction Stir Welding (FSW)...............................................
11
2.3.1. Dasar-dasar Operasi FSW.........................................
12
2.3.2. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan FSW..............................
13
2.3.3. Aplikasi pengelasan FSW.........................................
13
2.4. Tool..................................................................................
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13
2.5. Heat Treatment..................................................................
14
2.6. Metalurgi Las....................................................................
14
2.7. Aluminium.......................................................................
16
2.7.1. Klasifikasi Aluminium..............................................
16
2.7.2. Sifat Mampu Las Aluminium....................................
18
BAB III. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN…..…………………...............
19
3.1. Flow Chart….………………………………………….........
19
3.2. Bahan dan Alat………………..…………………….............
20
3.3.Pelaksanaan Penelitian……..……………............................
21
3.3.1. Rancangan Sambungan Las.............................…........
21
3.3.2. Proses Pengelasan............…………………………....
22
3.3.3. Pengujian Hasil Las…....……….………,……………
23
BAB IV.HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN………………………….........
30
4.1. Pengujian Foto Makro Dan Foto Mikro...............................
30
4.1.1. Pengujian Foto Makro...............................................
30
4.1.2. Pengamatan Foto Mikro............................................
32
4.2. Pengujian Kekerasan (Vicker Micro Hardness).................
37
4.3. Pengujian Tarik..................................................................
40
4.4. Pengujian Ketangguhan (Impact)........................................
43
BAB V. PENUTUP.................................................................................
46
5.1. Kesimpulan..........................................................................
46
5.2. Saran.....................................................................................
47
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 3.1. Komposisi Material Aluminium Seri 6xxx.........................
20
Tabel 3.2. Alat-alat uji.........................................................................
20
Tabel 3.3. Parameter Pengujian...........................................................
21
Tabel 3.4. Parameter jarak Pengujian micro Vickers...........................
26
Tabel 4.1 Perhitungan Pengujian Tarik...............................................
41
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1. SkemaLas GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding).............................
7
Gambar 2.2.Skema Las GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding)........................
8
Gambar 2.3.Skema Las SAW (Submerged Arc Welding)................................
8
Gambar 2.4.Skema Las SMAW (Shilded Metal Arc Welding).......................
9
Gambar 2.5.Skema Las OAW (Oxy Acetylene Welding)................................
10
Gambar 2.6.Skema Las FSW (Friction Stir Welding).....................................
10
Gambar 2.7.Skema Las FSW (Friction Stir Welding)....................................
11
Gambar 2.8.Proses Plugging...........................................................................
12
Gambar 2.9.Proses Traversing........................................................................
12
Gambar 2.10.Tool...........................................................................................
14
Gambar 2.11.Struktur Mikro daerah Putar Las.............................................
15
Gambar 3.1. Diagram Alir (Flow Chart)......................................................
19
Gambar3.2.Dimensi Material Aluminium....................................................
21
Gambar3.3.Dimensi Tool..............................................................................
22
Gambar3.4.Mesin CNC Hurco......................................................................
22
Gambar3.5.Alat Uji Foto Mikro...................................................................
23
Gambar3.6.Alat Uji Foto Makro...................................................................
24
Gambar3.7.Alat Uji Kekerasan Micro Vickers.............................................
25
Gambar3.8.Alat Uji Tarik.............................................................................
27
Gambar3.9.Spesimen Uji Tarik....................................................................
27
Gambar3.10.Alat Uji Bentur (Impact)..........................................................
28
Gambar3.11.Spesimen Uji Bentur (Impact)..................................................
28
Gambar 4.1. Foto Makro Hasil Las FSW Rotasi 4000 rpm..............................
30
Gambar 4.2. Foto Makro Hasil Las FSW Rotasi 5000 rpm..............................
31
Gambar 4.3. Foto Makro Hasil Las FSW Rotasi 6000 rpm..............................
32
Gambar 4.4. Foto Mikro Hasil Las FSW kecepatan translasi 12.5 mm/menit Rotasi 4000 rpm...........................................................................
33
Gambar 4.5. Foto Mikro Hasil Las FSW kecepatan translasi 25 mm/menit Rotasi 4000 rpm...........................................................................
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33
Gambar 4.6. Foto Mikro Hasil Las FSW kecepatan translasi 50 mm/menit Rotasi 4000 rpm...........................................................................
34
Gambar 4.7. Foto Mikro Hasil Las FSW kecepatan translasi 12.5 mm/menit Rotasi 5000 rpm...........................................................................
35
Gambar 4.8. Foto Mikro Hasil Las FSW kecepatan translasi 25 mm/menit Rotasi 5000 rpm...........................................................................
35
Gambar 4.9. Foto Mikro Hasil Las FSW kecepatan translasi 50 mm/menit Rotasi 5000 rpm...........................................................................
35
Gambar 4.10. Foto Mikro Hasil Las FSW kecepatan translasi 12.5 mm/menit Rotasi 6000 rpm...........................................................................
36
Gambar 4.11. Foto Mikro Hasil Las FSW kecepatan translasi 25 mm/menit Rotasi 6000 rpm...........................................................................
36
Gambar 4.12. Foto Mikro Hasil Las FSW kecepatan translasi 50 mm/menit Rotasi 6000 rpm...........................................................................
37
Gambar 4.13. Grafik Vicker Hardness Rotasi 4000.........................................
38
Gambar 4.14. Grafik Vicker Hardness Rotasi 5000.........................................
38
Gambar 4.15. Grafik Vicker Hardness Rotasi 6000.........................................
39
Gambar 4.16. Grafik Nilai Rata-rata kekerasan pada setiap daerah spesimen.
40
Gambar4.17. Grafik Tegangan maks...............................................................
42
Gambar 4.18. Grafik Regangan........................................................................
43
Gambar 4.19. Grafik NilaiHarga Impact.........................................................
44
Gambar 4.20. Grafik Nilai Rata-rata Harga Impact.........................................
44
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran 4.1 Tabel Komposisi Kimia Material Alumunium Seri 6xxx…. 51 Lampiran 4.2 Tabel Hasil Pengujian Kekerasan Vickers hardness Rotasi 4000 Rpm, Kecepatan 12.5mm/min……………………………..
52
Lampiran 4.3 Tabel Hasil Pengujian Kekerasan Vickers hardness Rotasi 4000 Rpm, Kecepatan 25mm/min………………………………
53
Lampiran 4.4 Tabel Hasil Pengujian Kekerasan Vickers hardness Rotasi 4000 Rpm, Kecepatan50 mm/min………………..……………..
54
Lampiran 4.5 Tabel Hasil Pengujian Kekerasan Vickers hardness Rotasi 5000 Rpm, Kecepatan 12.5mm/min……………..……………..
55
Lampiran 4.6 Tabel Hasil Pengujian Kekerasan Vickers hardness Rotasi 5000 Rpm, Kecepatan 25mm/min…………………………….…
56
Lampiran 4.7 Tabel Hasil Pengujian Kekerasan Vickers hardness Rotasi 5000 Rpm, Kecepatan50 mm/min…………….………………..
57
Lampiran 4.8 Tabel Hasil Pengujian Kekerasan Vickers hardness Rotasi 6000 Rpm, Kecepatan 12.5mm/min……………..……………...
58
Lampiran 4.9 Tabel Hasil Pengujian Kekerasan Vickers hardness Rotasi 6000 Rpm, Kecepatan 25mm/min………………..…………….
59
Lampiran 4.10 Tabel Hasil Pengujian Kekerasan Vickers hardness Rotasi 6000 Rpm, Kecepatan50 mm/min………………..…………….
60
Lampiran 4.11 Grafik Hasil Pengujian Tarik dengan Rotasi 4000 rpm, Kecepatan 12.5 mm/min…………………………… …………..
61
Lampiran 4.12 Grafik Hasil Pengujian Tarik dengan Rotasi 4000 rpm, Kecepatan 25 mm/min………………………………………….
62
Lampiran 4.13 Grafik Hasil Pengujian Tarik dengan Rotasi 4000 rpm, Kecepatan 50 mm/min…………………………………………
63
Lampiran 4.14 Grafik Hasil Pengujian Tarik dengan Rotasi 5000 rpm, Kecepatan 12.5 mm/min…………………………… ………….
64
Lampiran 4.15 Grafik Hasil Pengujian Tarik dengan Rotasi 5000 rpm, Kecepatan 25 mm/min…………….………………………….
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65
Lampiran 4.16 Grafik Hasil Pengujian Tarik dengan Rotasi 5000 rpm, Kecepatan 50 mm/min………………………………………..
66
Lampiran 4.17 Grafik Hasil Pengujian Tarik dengan Rotasi 6000 rpm, Kecepatan 12.5 mm/min…………………………… ………..
67
Lampiran 4.18 Grafik Hasil Pengujian Tarik dengan Rotasi 6000 rpm, Kecepatan 25 mm/min………………………………………..
68
Lampiran 4.19 Grafik Hasil Pengujian Tarik dengan Rotasi 6000 rpm, Kecepatan 50 mm/min………………………………………..
69
Lampiran 4.20 Tabel Hasil Pengujian Ketangguhan (impact)…..……
70
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