IRGSC Analysis No 005/2014 Research and analysis from the Institute of Resource Governance and Social Change (IRGSC) www.irgsc.org
Highlights of NTT Candlenut Data 2000-2013 Jonatan A. Lassa and Randy Banunaek
Highlights of NTT Candlenut
Overall, the total areas for planted candlenut have been less than before 2004 (figure 1). It dropped from 86.7k ha in 2001 to 75k ha in 2004 and marginally increased annually. As of 2013, the total area of candlenut was 81k ha. There is a significant decline its share of candlenut area in Manggarai, particularly due to the split of the region into a Manggarai Barat and Manggarai Timur. TTS and TTU and Alor have been maintaining their area for candlenut production. While Ende has marginally increase its area for candlenut production. The production of nut-meg has increased significantly compared between 2000-2004 and 20062008. However, the production of candlenut has reached a plateau during the last 5 years (Figure 1) In terms of the size of the Candlenut area, TTS has the top share of land area for candlenut (17% or 13.7k Ha). However, TTS has been unfortunately one of the districts with the lowest productivity (only 0.14 t/ha). TTU ranks second in terms of land area for candlenut (10k ha); Ende ranks third (8.3k ha) followed by Alor (6k ha), Manggarai (5.7k) and Kupang (5.3k ha). See Figure 6. Ende enjoys as the top 1 candlenut producer over the last tens of years as it reached 6000t/year in 2010 and declined to 5200t/year in 2013. Starting since 2007, Alor ranked the top 2 producer (above 3400 t/year) followed by TTS at the third place (consistently above 2700 t/year since 2009). While TTU has been stagnant in candlenut production as it produces on average 1700t/year. Belu has maintain its level almost similar to TTU but lost its share since the split of Malaka as a new district in 2013 (Figure 3a and 3b) Ende is also the top leader in terms of productivity (on average 0.66 ton/ha per year – with low standard deviation 0.11). Belu and/or Malaka have been the top leader as well as they enjoy higher productivity (subsequently 0.51, 046 and 0.42 t/ha; Alor sits at fourth with 0.42 t/ha annually. This is followed by Nagakeo and Ngada (both 0.31 t/ha) with modest standard deviation (0.10-0.12). Alor and Sumba Barat are the areas that are highly volatile in candlenut production (0.16 and 0.18 subsequently). Hotspots of harvest failure (damage/loss) of candlenut has been concentrated in Manggarai (and shared by Manggarai Barat and Timur since 2007. Kupang, TTU and Sumba Timur have been the other hotspots for harvest failure during the last 4-5 years.
IRGSC Analysis, No 004/2014
100,000
30,000
80,000
25,000 20,000
60,000
15,000 40,000
10,000
20,000
5,000
-
Production (tonne)
Area (ha)
Figure 1. Candlenut Production (metric tonne) and Area (ha)
2000
2002
2004
Area (ha)
2006
2008
Damage (ha)
2010
2012
Production (t)
Source: IRGSC, developed based on BPS data Figure 2. Average productivity and yield volatility of candlenut in NTT (13 year observation) 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10
Average productivity
Source: IRGSC, developed based on BPS data
IRGSC Analysis, No 004/2014
Candlenut Yield volatility
NTT
Malaka
Kota Kupang
Sabu Raijua
Manggarai Timur
Nagekeo
Sumba Barat Daya
Sumba Tengah
manggarai Barat
Rote Ndao
Manggarai
Ngada
Ende
Sikka
Flores Timur
Lembata
Alor
Belu
TTU
TTS
Kupang
Sumba Timur
Sumba Barat
-
Figure 3a. Share of Candlenut production (tonne) in NTT 2000-2013 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000
Sumba Barat
Sumba Timur
Kupang
TTS
TTU
Belu
Alor
Lembata
Flores Timur
Sikka
Ende
Ngada
Manggarai
Rote Ndao
manggarai Barat
Sumba Tengah
Sumba Barat Daya
Nagekeo
Manggarai Timur
Sabu Raijua
Kota Kupang
Malaka
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
0
Figure 3b. Share of Candlenut production in NTT 2000-2013. 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 2000
2001
2002
2003
Sumba Barat TTU Flores Timur Manggarai Sumba Barat Daya
IRGSC Analysis, No 004/2014
2004
2005
2006
Sumba Timur Belu Sikka Rote Ndao Nagekeo
2007
2008
2009
Kupang Alor Ende manggarai Barat Manggarai Timur
2010
2011
2012
2013
TTS Lembata Ngada Sumba Tengah Sabu Raijua
Figure 4. Trend of Candlenut area by district of NTT 2000-2013 100000 90000 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Sumba Barat
Sumba Timur
Kupang
TTS
TTU
Belu
Alor
Lembata
Flores Timur
Sikka
Ende
Ngada
Manggarai
Rote Ndao
manggarai Barat
Sumba Tengah
Sumba Barat Daya
Nagekeo
Manggarai Timur
Sabu Raijua
Kota Kupang
Malaka
The share of candlenut land area is led by TTS ( Figure 5. Trend of Candlenut damage/loss/harvest failure by district of NTT 2000-2013 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Sumba Barat 2000 2001 2002
Sumba Timur
2003
2004
2005
Kupang
2006
2007
TTS
2008
2009
TTU
2010
2011
2012
Belu
Alor
Lembata
Flores Timur
Sikka
Ende
Ngada
Manggarai
Rote Ndao
manggarai Barat
Sumba Tengah
Sumba Barat Daya
Nagekeo
Manggarai Timur
Sabu Raijua
Kota Kupang
Malaka
IRGSC Analysis, No 004/2014
2013
Figure 6 – Share of Candlenut Area in NTT 2013
3% 3%
17%
3% 3% 3% 5%
12% 5%
6% 10% 7% 7%
7%
TTS
TTU
Ende
Alor
Manggarai
Kupang
Manggarai Timur
manggarai Barat
Flores Timur
Nagekeo
Ngada
Sumba Barat Daya
Sumba Timur
Malaka
Sumba Barat
Sumba Tengah
Sikka
Belu
Kota Kupang
Lembata
Rote Ndao
Sabu Raijua
IRGSC Analysis, No 004/2014
