BELAWAN INTERNATIONAL PORT PASSENGER TERMINAL ( ARSITEKTUR METAFORA )
LAPORAN PERANCANGAN TKA 490 - STUDIO TUGAS AKHIR SEMESTER B TAHUN AJARAN 2011/2012
Sebagai Persyaratan Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur
Oleh : HARDI HENDRA 08 0406 052
DEPARTEMEN ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2012
Universitas Sumatera Utara
BELAWAN INTERNATIONAL PORT PASSENGER TERMINAL ( ARSITEKTUR METAFORA )
Oleh : HARDI HENDRA 08 0406 052
Medan, Juni 2012 Disetujui Oleh :
Pembimbing I
Pembimbing II
Hajar Suwantoro, ST. MT.
Ir.Nurlisa Ginting, MsC
NIP 197902032005011001
NIP 196201091987012001
Ketua Departemen Arsitektur
Ir. N Vinky Rahman, MT NIP 196606221997021001
Universitas Sumatera Utara
BELAWAN INTERNATIONAL PORT PASSANGER TERMINAL 2012
SURAT HASIL PENILAIAN PROYEK TUGAS AKHIR (SHP2A) Nama
: Hardi Hendra
NIM
: 08 0406 052
Judul Proyek Tugas Akhir
: Belawan International Port Passenger Terminal
Tema
: Arsitrektur Metafora
Rekapitlasi Nilai A
B+
B
C+
C
D
E
Paraf Pembimbing II
Koordinator TKA-490
Dengan ini mahasiswa yang bersangkutan dinyatakan : No 1 2 3 4 5
Status
Waktu Pengumpulan Laporan
Paraf Pembimbing I
Lulus Langsung Lulus Melengkapi Perbaikan Tanpa Sidang Perbaikan Dengan Sidang Tidak Lulus
Medan, Juni 2012
Ketua Departemen Arsitektur
Ir. N Vinky Rahman, MT NIP 196606221997021001
Hardi Hendra (080406052)
Koordinator TKA-490
Ir. Nelson M. Siahaan, Dipl.TP.M.Arch NIP. 195811271987011001
i Universitas Sumatera Utara
BELAWAN INTERNATIONAL PORT PASSANGER TERMINAL 2012
KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena atas berkat kuasanya saya dapat mengerjakan tugas akhir ini. Tugas akhir ini mengambil judul: Belawan International Port Passenger Terminal. Tugas akhir ini merupakan syarat yang diwajibkan bagi mahasiswa untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik. Pada kesempatan ini, dengan tulus dan kerendahan hati, penulis menyampaikan rasa hormat dan terima kasih serta penghargaan sebesarbesarnya kepada pembimbing tugas akhir bapak Hajar Suwantoro, ST. MT. dan kepada ibu Ir. Nurlisa Ginting, M.Sc. sebagai pembimbing tugas akhir, atas kesediaannya membimbing, brain storming , motivasi , pengarahan dan waktu beliau kepada penulis sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini. Rasa hormat dan terima kasih yang sama juga penulis tujukan kepada: 1.
Bapak Ir. Vinky Rachman, MT. selaku Ketua Departemen Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara.
2.
Bapak Ir. Nelson M. Siahaan, Dipl.TP.M.Arch dan Wahyu Abdillah ST. selaku koordinator Tugas Akhir, Departemen Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara.
3.
Bapak dan Ibu dosen staff pengajar Departemen Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara.
4.
PT.PELINDO 1 selaku perusahaan tempat di mana penulis melakukan survey studi banding dan pemotretan data existing pelabuhan Belawan, yang
telah
memberikan
kesempatan
sehingga
penulis
dapat
memperoleh kesempatan mengerjakan judul skripsi ini 5.
Orang tua saya yang tercinta, Bapak Kun Jian dan Ibu Erma atas segala doa, support, kesabaran dan segala pengorbanannya selama ini sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Tugas Akhir ini.
Hardi Hendra (080406052)
ii Universitas Sumatera Utara
BELAWAN INTERNATIONAL PORT PASSANGER TERMINAL 2012
6.
Kakak dan Abang serta Adik saya tercinta, Dewi Marlina, SE. dan Handi Hendra, S.Farm, Apt. serta Angeline Louis Qiu yang memberikan motivasi, serta perhatiannya.
7.
Bang Chechang (1997), Bang Adit (2002), Bang Freddy Randy (2005), Bang Rudi Hermanto (2005), dan Kak Suwanti (2006) atas dukungan, pendapat dan dorongan kepada penulis selama proses pengerjaan tugas akhir ini.
8.
Semua teman - teman stambuk 2008 maupun Studio Tugas Akhir Semester B TA 2011 / 2012, Departemen Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara, khususnya Ilham, Erwin, Anggie, Kecikk, Rahma, Tari, Jeffry, Jansen, VR, Hadi, Maria, Seni, Tiffany, Jingga, Merry, Widiana, dan Jennifer atas dukungan, pendapat dan dorongan kepada penulis selama proses pengerjaan tugas akhir ini.
9.
Adik – adik stambuk 2009 - 2011, Departemen Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Sumatera Utara, khususnya kepada WS, CP, Anton, Roni, Pia, dan Meme (2009). Terima kasih atas dukungan, pendapat, waktu, dan dorongan kepada penulis selama proses pengerjaan tugas akhir ini.
10. Semua teman-teman Arsitektur ISTP khususnya Onesti Seto, Akbar, Fenny, Daddy dan Tere serta Andy leonardo, maupun Robert dari Teknik Sipil Universitas Dhamma Agung Penulis sungguh menyadari bahwa tugas akhir ini mungkin masih mempunyai banyak kekurangan. Karena itu penulis membuka diri terhadap kritikan dan saran bagi penyempurnaan tugas akhir ini. Dan, akhirnya penulis berharap tulisan ini memberikan manfaat bagi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan khususnya di lingkungan Departemen Arsitektur USU. Medan, Juni 2012 Hormat saya,
HARDI HENDRA NIM 080406052
Hardi Hendra (080406052)
iii Universitas Sumatera Utara
BELAWAN INTERNATIONAL PORT PASSANGER TERMINAL 2012
DAFTAR ISI Hal. LEMBARAN PENGESAHAN SURAT HASIL PENILAIAN PROYEK TUGAS AKHIR (SHP2A) .................................................................................................................... i KATA PENGANTAR................................................................................................. ii DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................. iv DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................................. x DAFTAR TABEL ..................................................................................................... xv BAB I. PENDAHULUAN......................................................................................... 1 I.1.
LATAR BELAKANG .................................................................................... 1
I.2.
MAKSUD DAN TUJUAN ............................................................................. 2
I.3.
MASALAH PERANCANGAN ...................................................................... 3
I.4.
PENDEKATAN ........................................................................................... 4
I.5.
LINGKUP.................................................................................................... 4
I.6.
BATASAN................................................................................................... 4
I.7.
MANFAAT .................................................................................................. 5
I.8.
SASARAN .................................................................................................. 5
I.9.
ASUMSI-ASUMSI ....................................................................................... 5
I.10.
KERANGKA BERPIKIR .............................................................................. 6
I.11.
SISTEMATIKA PENULISAN LAPORAN ..................................................... 8
BAB II. DESKRIPSI PROYEK ................................................................................. 9 II.1.
TERMINOLOGI JUDUL .............................................................................. 9
II.2.
TINJAUAN UMUM ...................................................................................... 10
II.2.1.
PELABUHAN .............................................................................................. 10
II.2.1.1. PENGERTIAN PELABUHAN ...................................................................... 10 II.2.1.2. SEJARAH KEPELABUHAN INDONESIA ................................................... 11 II.2.1.3. PERAN PELABUHAN ................................................................................ 15 II.2.1.4. FUNGSI PELABUHAN ............................................................................... 15 II.2.1.5. KARAKTER PELAYANAN PELABUHAN ................................................... 15 II.2.1.6. KLASIFIKASI PELABUHAN ....................................................................... 16 II.2.1.7. FASILITAS-FASILITAS PELABUHAN ........................................................ 18 II.2.1.8. SARANA OPERASIONAL PENDUKUNG PELABUHAN ............................ 19
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II.2.1.9. PERTIMBANGAN PEMBANGUNAN PELABUHAN .................................... 19 II.2.1.10. PERUSAHAAN PELABUHAN DI INDONESIA.......................................... 20 II.2.1.11. STANDAR PELABUHAN INTERNASIONAL ............................................ 22 II.2.2.
TERMINAL PENUMPANG KAPAL LAUT ................................................... 22
II.2.2.1. PENGERTIAN TERMINAL PENUMPANG KAPAL LAUT ........................... 23 II.2.2.2. TERMINAL PENUMPANG KAPAL LAUT SEBAGAI SUB SYSTEM PELABUHAN ........................................................................................................... 23 II.2.2.3. KOMPONEN TERMINAL PENUMPANG KAPAL LAUT.............................. 24 II.2.2.3.1. AREA DERMAGA..................................................................................... 24 II.2.2.3.1.1. PENGERTIAN DAN JENIS DERMAGA ................................................. 24 II.2.2.3.1.2. PEMILIHAN TIPE DERMAGA ............................................................... 24 II.2.2.3.1.2.1. TINJAUAN TOPOGRAFI DAERAH PANTAI ....................................... 24 II.2.2.3.1.2.2. JENIS KAPAL YANG DILAYANI ......................................................... 25 II.2.2.3.1.2.3. DAYA DUKUNG TANAH .................................................................... 25 II.2.2.3.1.2.4. UKURAN KAPASITAS KAPAL ........................................................... 25 II.2.2.3.2. AREA APRON .......................................................................................... 26 II.2.2.3.3. BANGUNAN TERMINAL .......................................................................... 26 II.2.2.3.4. GUDANG LAUT........................................................................................ 27 II.2.2.4. AKTIVITAS DAN SIRKULASI DI DALAM TERMINAL ................................. 27 II.2.3.
KLASIFIKASI KAPAL LAUT ....................................................................... 29
II.2.3.1. JENIS-JENIS KAPAL LAUT........................................................................ 29 II.2.3.2. SPESIFIKASI DIMENSI KAPAL LAUT ....................................................... 30 II.2.3.3. DEFINISI ATAU ISTILAH-ISTILAH DIMENSI KAPAL LAUT ....................... 32 II.3.
TINJAUAN KHUSUS .................................................................................. 33
II.3.1.
DESKRIPSI PROYEK ................................................................................ 33
II.3.2.
PELABUHAN BELAWAN ........................................................................... 34
II.3.2.1. SEKILAS TENTANG PELABUHAN BELAWAN .......................................... 34 II.3.2.2. SEJARAH SINGKAT PELABUHAN BELAWAN (PELINDO 1) .................... 35 II.3.2.3. STRUKTUR ORGANISASI PELABUHAN BELAWAN (PELINDO 1)........... 38 II.3.2.4. DATA TEKNIS PELABUHAN BELAWAN ................................................... 40 II.3.2.4.1. DERMAGA ............................................................................................... 40 II.3.2.4.2. HIDROGRAFI ........................................................................................... 43 II.3.2.4.3. PASANG SURUT ..................................................................................... 44 II.3.2.4.4. GELOMBANG LAUT ................................................................................ 44
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II.3.2.4.5. ANGIN ...................................................................................................... 45 II.3.2.4.6. CUACA ..................................................................................................... 45 II.3.2.4.7. JARAK PENGLIHATAN ............................................................................ 45 II.3.2.4.8. INFRASTRUKTUR PENCAPAIAN............................................................ 45 II.3.3.
TERMINAL PENUMPANG EXISTING ........................................................ 46
II.3.3.1. SEKILAS TENTANG TERMINAL PENUMPANG EKSISTING BELAWAN .. 46 II.3.3.2. BATAS – BATAS SITE TERMINAL PENUMPANG EKSISTING BELAWAN 46 II.3.4.
STUDI BANDING PROYEK SEJENIS ........................................................ 49
II.3.4.1. OSANBASHI YOKOHAMA INTERNATIONAL PASSANGER TERMINAL (1994-2002), FARSHID MEUSSAVI & ALEJANDRO ZAERA POLO ........................ 49 II.3.4.2. THE PORT OF KOBE (2006) ..................................................................... 56 II.3.5.
PERBANDINGAN DAN KESIMPULAN STUDI BANDING PROYEK
SEJENIS .................................................................................................................. 62 BAB III. ELABORASI TEMA .................................................................................... 64 III.1.
PENGERTIAN ARSITEKTUR METAFORA ................................................ 64
III.1.1.
ARSITEKTUR ............................................................................................. 64
III.1.2.
METAFORA ............................................................................................... 65
III.1.3.
ARSITEKTUR METAFORA ........................................................................ 66
III.1.4.
INTERPRETASI TEMA............................................................................... 70
III.1.5.
STUDI BANDING TEMA SEJENIS ............................................................. 71
III.1.5.1. CHAPELLE NOTRE DAME DU HAUT RONCHAMP – LE CORBUSIER .... 71 III.1.5.2. SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE – JORN UTZON ............................................... 74 III.1.5.3. MUSEUM OF FRUIT – ITSUKO HASEGAWA ............................................ 76 III.1.5.4. LYON - SATOLAS TGV STATION – SANTIAGO CALATRAVA ................. 79 III.1.5.5. MILWAUKEE ART MUSEUM-QUADRACCI PAVILLION – SANTIAGO CALATRAVA ............................................................................................................ 81 III.1.6. PERBANDINGAN & KESIMPULAN STUDI BANDING TEMA SEJENIS ...... 85 BAB IV.ANALISA PERANCANGAN ......................................................................... 87 IV.1.
ANALISA FISIK .......................................................................................... 87
IV.1.1.
ANALISA LOKASI LINGKUNGAN .............................................................. 87
IV.1.1.1. POTENSI LINGKUNGAN ........................................................................... 88 IV.1.1.2. KENDALA LINGKUNGAN .......................................................................... 88 IV.1.1.3. TANGGAPAN ANALISA LOKASI LINGKUNGAN....................................... 89 IV.1.2.
ANALISA LOKASI SITE ............................................................................. 89
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IV.1.2.1. POTENSI SITE .......................................................................................... 91 IV.1.2.2. KENDALA SITE ......................................................................................... 91 IV.1.2.3. TANGGAPAN ANALISA LOKASI SITE ...................................................... 91 IV.1.3.
ANALISA TATA GUNA LAHAN .................................................................. 92
IV.1.3.1. POTENSI TATA GUNA LAHAN ................................................................. 94 IV.1.3.2. KENDALA TATA GUNA LAHAN ................................................................ 94 IV.1.3.3. TANGGAPAN ANALISA TATA GUNA LAHAN ........................................... 94 IV.1.4.
ANALISA PENCAPAIAN KE DALAM & LUAR SITE ................................... 94
IV.1.4.1. POTENSI PENCAPAIAN KE DALAM & LUAR SITE .................................. 95 IV.1.4.2. KENDALA PENCAPAIAN KE DALAM & LUAR SITE ................................. 96 IV.1.4.3. TANGGAPAN PENCAPAIAN KE DALAM & LUAR SITE ........................... 96 IV.1.5.
ANALISA SIRKULASI ................................................................................ 96
IV.1.5.1. POTENSI SIRKULASI SITE ....................................................................... 97 IV.1.5.2. KENDALA SIRKULASI SITE ...................................................................... 98 IV.1.5.3. TANGGAPAN SIRKULASI SITE ................................................................ 98 IV.1.6.
ANALISA VIEW .......................................................................................... 98
IV.1.6.1. POTENSI VIEW ........................................................................................ 100 IV.1.6.2. KENDALA VIEW ....................................................................................... 100 IV.1.6.3. TANGGAPAN ANALISA VIEW .................................................................. 101 IV.1.7.
ANALISA SITE TERHADAP MATAHARI................................................... 101
IV.1.7.1. POTENSI SITE TERHADAP MATAHARI .................................................. 102 IV.1.7.2. KENDALA SITE TERHADAP MATAHARI ................................................. 102 IV.1.7.3. TANGGAPAN ANALISA SITE TERHADAP MATAHARI ........................... 102 IV.1.8.
ANALISA KEBISINGAN ............................................................................ 103
IV.1.8.1. POTENSI SITE TERHADAP KEBISINGAN............................................... 104 IV.1.8.2. KENDALA SITE TERHADAP KEBISINGAN.............................................. 104 IV.1.8.3. TANGGAPAN ANALISA SITE TERHADAP KEBISINGAN ........................ 104 IV.1.9.
ANALISA BANGUNAN .............................................................................. 104
IV.1.9.1. SIRKULASI BANGUNAN .......................................................................... 104 IV.1.9.2. BENTUK BANGUNAN .............................................................................. 106 IV.1.9.3. POLA MASSA BANGUNAN ...................................................................... 108 IV.1.9.4. STRUKTUR BANGUNAN ......................................................................... 109 IV.1.9.4.1. STRUKTUR BAWAH (SUB-STRUCTURE) ............................................ 109 IV.1.9.4.2. STRUKTUR ATAS (UPPER-STRUCTURE) ........................................... 111
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IV.1.9.5. UTILITAS BANGUNAN ............................................................................. 114 IV.1.9.5.1. PENCAHAYAAN .................................................................................... 114 IV.1.9.5.2. PENGKONDISIAN UDARA .................................................................... 114 IV.1.9.5.3. SANITASI............................................................................................... 115 IV.1.9.5.4. ELEKTRIKAL ......................................................................................... 117 IV.1.9.5.5. PENANGGULANGAN KEBAKARAN ..................................................... 117 IV.2.
ANALISA NON-FISIK ................................................................................ 118
IV.2.1.
ANALISA PEMAKAI (USER) ..................................................................... 118
IV.2.2.
ANALISA KEGIATAN ................................................................................ 122
IV.2.3.
ANALISA KEBUTUHAN RUANG .............................................................. 124
IV.2.3.1. JENIS KEBUTUHAN RUANG ................................................................... 124 IV.2.3.2. PERHITUNGAN JUMLAH PENUMPANG & PENGUNJUNG TERMINAL . 125 IV.2.3.3. BESARAN RUANG ................................................................................... 127 BAB V. KONSEP PERANCANGAN ....................................................................... 133 V.1.
PERLETAKAN MASSA ............................................................................. 133
V.2.
BENTUK DAN GUBAHAN MASSA ........................................................... 133
V.3.
PENCAPAIAN, DAN SIRKULASI DI LUAR BANGUNAN .......................... 136
VI.4.
PENCAPAIAN, DAN SIRKULASI DI DALAM BANGUNAN ....................... 141
BAB VI. HASIL PERANCANGAN .......................................................................... 142 VI.1.
SITE PLAN................................................................................................ 142
VI.2.
GROUND PLAN ........................................................................................ 143
VI.3.
DENAH LANTAI SATU.............................................................................. 145
VI.4.
DENAH LANTAI DUA DAN TIGA .............................................................. 146
VI.5.
TAMPAK DEPAN DAN BELAKANG.......................................................... 147
VI.6.
TAMPAK SAMPING .................................................................................. 148
VI.7.
POTONGAN A-A & B-B ............................................................................ 149
VI.8.
RENCANA PONDASI ............................................................................... 150
VI.9.
DETAIL STRUKTUR ................................................................................. 151
VI.10.
RENCANA PEMBALOKAN LANTAI SATU ............................................... 152
VI.11.
RENCANA PEMBALOKAN LANTAI DUA DAN TIGA ................................ 153
VI.12.
RENCANA ATAP ...................................................................................... 154
VI.13.
RENCANA PLUMBING DAN HYDRANT .................................................. 155
VI.14.
RENCANA ELEKTRIKAL DAN TELEPON ................................................ 156
VI.15.
RENCANA TITIK LAMPU .......................................................................... 157
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BELAWAN INTERNATIONAL PORT PASSANGER TERMINAL 2012
VI.16.
RENCANA AC .......................................................................................... 158
VI.17.
3D BANGUNAN ........................................................................................ 159
VI.18.
SKETSA INTERIOR .................................................................................. 165
VI.19.
FOTO MAKET .......................................................................................... 166
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................ 169
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BELAWAN INTERNATIONAL PORT PASSANGER TERMINAL 2012
DAFTAR GAMBAR Hal. Gambar 1.1. Kerangka Berpikir Proyek Belawan International Port Passanger Terminal .................................................................................................................... 1 Gambar 2.1. Dimensi rumus perhitungan kapasitas kapal ........................................ 26 Gambar 2.2. Lokasi Pelabuhan Belawan .................................................................. 34 Gambar 2.3. Lokasi Dermaga Belawan lama ........................................................... 40 Gambar 2.4. Lokasi Dermaga Ujung Baru ................................................................ 41 Gambar 2.5. Lokasi Dermaga Citra .......................................................................... 41 Gambar 2.6. Lokasi Dermaga Industri Kimia Dasar .................................................. 42 Gambar 2.7. Lokasi Dermaga Terminal Peti Kemas (Gabion) .................................. 43 Gambar 2.8. Lokasi Terminal Penumpang Existing Ujung Baru ............................... 46 Gambar 2.9. Batas-Batas Site Penumpang Existing................................................. 47 Gambar 2.10. Bangunan Penunjang di Sekitar Site.................................................. 48 Gambar 2.11. Suasana Dermaga Yokohama International Port ............................... 49 Gambar 2.12. Tampak keseluruhan Dermaga .......................................................... 49 Gambar 2.13. Proyeksi Denah Lantai 1 Terminal ..................................................... 51 Gambar 2.14. Proyeksi Denah Lantai 2 Terminal ..................................................... 51 Gambar 2.15. Proyeksi Denah Lantai Atas Terminal ................................................ 51 Gambar 2.16. Ramp Terminal-Dermaga .................................................................. 52 Gambar 2.17. Elevator Transportasi Vertikal ............................................................ 52 Gambar 2.18. Area parkir Terminal .......................................................................... 52 Gambar 2.19. Lobi Passanger Terminal ................................................................... 53 Gambar 2.20. Dek Kapal Dermaga .......................................................................... 53 Gambar 2.21. Area CIQ Terminal ............................................................................. 54 Gambar 2.22. Aula Osanbashi ................................................................................. 54 Gambar 2.23. Area Pengamatan ke luar .................................................................. 54 Gambar 2.24. Lounge Area Duduk dan Tunggu ....................................................... 55 Gambar 2.25. Toko Retail dan Restoran .................................................................. 55 Gambar 2.26. Plaza atas Dengan Konsep Green ..................................................... 55 Gambar 2.27. Plaza Acara-Acara Outdoor .............................................................. 56
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Gambar 2.28. Dek Dermaga Pengunjung ................................................................ 56 Gambar 2.29. Pemeriksaan Pabean Naka............................................................... 57 Gambar 2.30. Pemeriksaan Imigrasi Naka .............................................................. 57 Gambar 2.31. Pemeriksaan Kesehatan Naka .......................................................... 57 Gambar 2.32. Lobi Keberangkatan dan Masuk ........................................................ 57 Gambar 2.33. Lobi Terminal Penumpang ................................................................ 58 Gambar 2.34. Jembatan Penyeberangan Naka ....................................................... 58 Gambar 2.35. Lobi Kedatangan Terminal ................................................................ 58 Gambar 2.36. Denah Terminal Penumpang Naka ................................................... 58 Gambar 2.37. Bangunan Terminal Penumpang Kobe.............................................. 59 Gambar 2.38. Pemeriksaan Pabean Kobe............................................................... 59 Gambar 2.39. Pemeriksaan Imigrasi Kobe .............................................................. 59 Gambar 2.40. Pemeriksaan Kesehatan Kobe .......................................................... 59 Gambar 2.41. Lobi Terminal Lantai 1 Kobe ............................................................. 60 Gambar 2.42. Lobi Terminal Lantai 2 Kobe ............................................................. 60 Gambar 2.43. Lobi Terminal Lantai 3 Kobe ............................................................. 60 Gambar 2.44. Jembatan Penyeberangan Kobe ....................................................... 60 Gambar 2.45. Pusat Informasi Turis Kobe ............................................................... 60 Gambar 2.46. Area Parkir Outdoor Kobe ................................................................. 60 Gambar 2.47. Denah Terminal Kobe Lantai Satu .................................................... 61 Gambar 2.48. Denah Terminal Kobe Lantai Dua ..................................................... 62 Gambar 2.49. Denah Terminal Kobe Lantai Tiga ..................................................... 62 Gambar 3.1. Perspektif Suasana Notre Dame du Haut ............................................ 72 Gambar 3.2. View Selatan Notre Dame du Haut ...................................................... 72 Gambar 3.3. View Utara Notre Dame du Haut.......................................................... 72 Gambar 3.4. Suasana Ruang Umat ......................................................................... 73 Gambar 3.5. Interior di Dalam Notre Dome .............................................................. 73 Gambar 3.6. Interpretasi Terhadap Notre Dome ...................................................... 73 Gambar 3.7. Bangunan Sydney Opera House ......................................................... 74 Gambar 3.8. Detail Atap Beton Precast .................................................................... 74 Gambar 3.9. Suasana Sydney Opera House dari laut .............................................. 75 Gambar 3.10. Suasana Interior Theater ................................................................... 76 Gambar 3.11. Akses Menuju Ruang Dalam.............................................................. 76 Gambar 3.12. Tampak Keseluruhan Site Plan Museum ........................................... 77
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xi Universitas Sumatera Utara
BELAWAN INTERNATIONAL PORT PASSANGER TERMINAL 2012
Gambar 3.13. Exterior Bangunan-Bangunan Museum Of Fruit................................. 77 Gambar 3.14. Tampak Tiga Buah Bangunan Sebagai Bibit Buah ............................ 78 Gambar 3.15. Interior Plaza Bangunan Dalam ......................................................... 78 Gambar 3.16. Tampak Depan Lyon-Satolas TGV Station ........................................ 79 Gambar 3.17. Model Burung sebagai Metafora Lyon-Satolas TGV Station ............. 80 Gambar 3.18. Expos Struktur Interior Lyon-Satolas TGV Station ............................. 81 Gambar 3.19. Exterior Suasana Milwaukee Art Museum.......................................... 82 Gambar 3.20. Sayap Sebagai Shading Museum ...................................................... 83 Gambar 3.21. Metafora Burung Pada Suasana Malam ............................................ 83 Gambar 3.22. Interior di Dalam Museum .................................................................. 84 Gambar 3.23. Sisi Samping Interior Museum ........................................................... 84 Gambar 4.1. Lokasi Pelabuhan Belawan .................................................................. 87 Gambar 4.2. Lokasi Terminal Pelabuhan Ujung Baru ............................................... 89 Gambar 4.3. Batas-Batas Site .................................................................................. 90 Gambar 4.4. Tata Guna Lahan Site Radius 1Km ..................................................... 92 Gambar 4.5. Detail Tata Guna Lahan Site View 1 .................................................... 93 Gambar 4.6. Detail Tata Guna Lahan Site View 2 .................................................... 93 Gambar 4.7. Pencapaian Menuju dan Keluar Site .................................................... 95 Gambar 4.8. Sirkulasi dua arah jalan Sumatera ....................................................... 97 Gambar 4.9. Sirkulasi satu arah jalan Sumatera ...................................................... 97 Gambar 4.10. Sirkulasi dua arah jalan Ujung Baru ................................................... 97 Gambar 4.11. Sirkulasi dua arah jalan Highway-Tol ................................................. 97 Gambar 4.12. Arah View ke dalam site .................................................................... 99 Gambar 4.13. View A menuju site ............................................................................ 99 Gambar 4.14. View B menuju site ............................................................................ 99 Gambar 4.15. View C menuju site ........................................................................... 100 Gambar 4.16. View D menuju site ........................................................................... 100 Gambar 4.17. Analisa Site Terhadap Matahari ........................................................ 101 Gambar 4.18. Analisa Site Terhadap Kebisingan Sekitar ........................................ 103 Gambar 4.19. Skema Sistem Elektrikal pada Bangunan ......................................... 117 Gambar 4.20. Skema Pembagian Jenis-jenis penumpang ...................................... 120 Gambar 4.21. Skema Sirkulasi Penumpang Keberangkatan ................................... 122 Gambar 4.22. Skema Sirkulasi Penumpang Kedatangan ........................................ 122 Gambar 4.23. Skema Sirkulasi Pengantar ............................................................... 123
Hardi Hendra (080406052)
xii Universitas Sumatera Utara
BELAWAN INTERNATIONAL PORT PASSANGER TERMINAL 2012
Gambar 4.24. Skema Sirkulasi Penjemput .............................................................. 123 Gambar 4.25. Skema Sirkulasi Pengelola ............................................................... 123 Gambar 4.26. Skema Sirkulasi Pemilik Usaha ........................................................ 124 Gambar 5.1. Konsep Perletakan Massa .................................................................. 133 Gambar 5.2. Penyederhanaan Bentukan Ombak Baik Secara Horizontal Maupun Secara Vertikal Pada Bangunan.............................................................................. 134 Gambar 5.3. Konsep Debarkasi Ombak di Lantai Satu Berbalik Arah Menjadi Embarkasi di Lantai Dua ......................................................................................... 135 Gambar 5.4. Konsep Fungsi Publik Sebagai Ombak yang Mengecil di Lantai Tiga dan Pusat Core di Lantai Empat .............................................................................. 135 Gambar 5.5. Skenario Pencapaian dan Sirkulasi Embarkasi di Area Luar ............... 136 Gambar 5.6. Skenario Pencapaian dan Sirkulasi Debarkasi di Area Luar ............... 137 Gambar 5.7. Skenario Pencapaian dan Sirkulasi Wisatawan .................................. 138 Gambar 5.8. Skenario Pencapaian dan Sirkulasi Kantor Pengelola dan Operasional Pelabuhan ............................................................................................................... 138 Gambar 5.9. Skenario Pencapaian dan Sirkulasi Staff Fasilitas Penunjang ............ 139 Gambar 5.10. Skenario Pencapaian dan Sirkulasi Staff Service.............................. 140 Gambar 5.11. Skenario Pencapaian dan Sirkulasi Pengunjung (Temporary) .......... 141 Gambar 5.12. Skenario Pencapaian dan Sirkulasi di Dalam Bangunan................... 141 Gambar 6.1. Site Plan ............................................................................................. 142 Gambar 6.2. Ground Plan ....................................................................................... 143 Gambar 6.3. Ground Plan 2 .................................................................................... 144 Gambar 6.4. Denah Lantai Satu .............................................................................. 145 Gambar 6.5. Denah Lantai Dua dan Tiga ................................................................ 146 Gambar 6.6. Tampak Depan dan Belakang ............................................................ 147 Gambar 6.7. Tampak Samping ............................................................................... 148 Gambar 6.8. Potongan A-A & B-B ........................................................................... 149 Gambar 6.9. Rencana Pondasi ............................................................................... 150 Gambar 6.10. Detail Struktur ................................................................................... 151 Gambar 6.11. Pembalokan Lantai Satu ................................................................... 152 Gambar 6.12. Pembalokan Lantai Dua dan Tiga ..................................................... 153 Gambar 6.13. Rencana Atap dan Detail .................................................................. 154 Gambar 6.14. Plumbing dan Hydrant Terminal........................................................ 155 Gambar 6.15. Elektrikal dan Telepon Terminal........................................................ 156
Hardi Hendra (080406052)
xiii Universitas Sumatera Utara
BELAWAN INTERNATIONAL PORT PASSANGER TERMINAL 2012
Gambar 6.16. Titik lampu Terminal ......................................................................... 157 Gambar 6.17. Titik AC Terminal .............................................................................. 158 Gambar 6.18. Metafora Bangunan Sebagai Ombak Laut ........................................ 159 Gambar 6.19. Entrance Terminal yang Terarah ...................................................... 159 Gambar 6.20. Drop Off Embarkasi Lantai Dua ........................................................ 160 Gambar 6.21. Drop Off Debarkasi Lantai Satu ........................................................ 160 Gambar 6.22. Integrasi Dengan Stasiun KA ............................................................ 161 Gambar 6.23. Akses Service Belakang Terminal .................................................... 161 Gambar 6.24. Parkir Eksklusif Wisatawan ............................................................... 162 Gambar 6.25. View Perspektif Mata Burung Barat .................................................. 162 Gambar 6.26. View Perspektif Mata Burung Timur .................................................. 163 Gambar 6.27. Lengkungan Ombak Dari Jalan......................................................... 163 Gambar 6.28. Detail Lengkungan Ombak Koridor ................................................... 164 Gambar 6.29. Suasana di Dalam koridor ................................................................. 164 Gambar 6.30. Lengkungan Terminal Dari kapal ...................................................... 165 Gambar 6.31. Sketsa Ruang Lobi Utama ................................................................ 165 Gambar 6.32. Sketsa Foodcourt Area ..................................................................... 166 Gambar 6.33. Sketsa Ruang Kedatangan Internasional .......................................... 166 Gambar 6.34. Tampak Atas Maket Belawan International Port Passenger Terminal 167 Gambar 6.35. Perspektif Mata Burung Barat Maket Belawan International Port Passenger Terminal ................................................................................................ 167 Gambar 6.36. Perspektif Mata Burung Timur Maket Belawan International Port Passenger Terminal ................................................................................................ 168 Gambar 6.37. Detail Maket BelawanInternational Port Passenger Terminal ............ 168
Hardi Hendra (080406052)
xiv Universitas Sumatera Utara
BELAWAN INTERNATIONAL PORT PASSANGER TERMINAL 2012
DAFTAR TABEL Hal. Tabel 2.1. Spesifikasi Dimensi Kapal Laut ................................................................. 7 Tabel 2.2. Kondisi kedalaman Alur dan Kolam ......................................................... 44 Tabel 2.3. Perbandingan dan Kesimpulan Studi Banding Proyek Sejenis ................ 62 Tabel 3.1. Perbandingan dan Kesimpulan Studi Banding Tema Sejenis .................. 86 Tabel 4.1. Perbandingan Kriteria Bentuk Dasar Bangunan...................................... 108 Tabel 4.2. Perbandingan Kriteria Bentuk Pola Massa Bangunan............................. 109 Tabel 4.3. Perbandingan Kelemahan dan Kelebihan Struktur Atap ......................... 112 Tabel 4.4. Perbandingan Konstruksi Struktur Atap .................................................. 112 Tabel 4.5. Perbandingan Material Bangunan........................................................... 113 Tabel 4.6 Perbandingan Penghawaan Alami dan Buatan ....................................... 115 Tabel 4.7. Perbandingan Keuntungan dan Kerugian Sistem Distribusi Air Bersih Down Feed .............................................................................................................. 115 Tabel 4.8. Perbandingan Keuntungan dan Kerugian Sistem Distribusi Air Bersih Up Feed ........................................................................................................................ 116 Tabel 4.9. Realisasi Jumlah Penumpang Pelabuhan Belawan ................................ 120 Tabel 4.10. Jenis Kebutuhan Ruang Terminal Pelabuhan ....................................... 124 Tabel 4.11. Tabel Kebutuhan Ruang Belawan International Port Passenger Terminal ................................................................................................................................ 131
Hardi Hendra (080406052)
xv Universitas Sumatera Utara