DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. http://www.trotoar.org/forum 2. http://www.republika.co.id/suplemen 3. Hutahean, Anton Yunius. Studi Kajian dan Pemanfaatan Teknologi Membran untuk Perancangan Sistem Vent pada Tangki Pendam di SPBU. Tugas Sarjana. Teknik Mesin ITB. 2006 4. http://www.bphmigas.go.id/p/bphmigaspages 5. http://www.eco-web.com/register/02534.html 6. http://www.vsthose.com/ 7. http://www.aridtech.com/ 8. http://daq.state.nc.us/enf/vapor/ 9. http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8587.html 10. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki 11. www.fueltable.com 12. Persada, Dyah Bakti. Perancangan Sistem Vapor Recovery di SPBU dengan Menggunakan Membran. Tugas Sarjana. Teknik Mesin ITB. 2006 13. What You Should Know About Vapor Recovery, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, 2007 (http://www.michigan.gov/deq, diakses 27 Oktober 2007). 14. www.denaro.co.jp 15. H. Lindsay, Stage II Vapor Recovery, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 2007 (http://dnr.wi.gov/air/mobile, diakses 27 Oktober 2007). 16. Mulder, Marcel. Basic Priciples of Membrane Technology. 2nd ed, Kluwer Academic Publisher, 1996. 17. Baker, Richard W, Membrane Technology and Applications, 2nd ed, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, 2004. 18. Liu, Yuijing, Separation of Volatile Organic Compounds from Nitrogen by Hollow Fiber Composite Membrane for VOC emission Control, Waterloo, Ontario Canada. 2003.
89
19. Wenten, I Gede, Recent Development in Membrane Science and Its Industrial Application, Departement of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 2003. 20. http://www.kochmembrane.com/prod_hf.html
90
LAMPIRAN A HASIL ANALISIS GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Tabel A.1 Bensin Peak Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Bensin Cair Uap Bensin Retention Concentration Retention Concentration Time (%) Time (%) 1.792 0.14083 1.754 0.02011 1.826 0.85801 1.793 0.35803 1.920 0.03623 1.828 2.11394 1.954 3.97680 1.953 10.77859 2.025 4.48668 2.026 11.16343 2.105 0.95409 2.107 2.18058 2.159 0.89259 2.163 2.15003 2.345 5.98404 2.360 13.69498 2.440 2.82201 2.455 6.46900 2.492 0.43299 2.501 0.77478 2.580 4.14567 2.599 9.66156 2.714 0.02820 2.723 0.28295 2.781 0.41977 2.792 0.87379 2.862 2.25225 2.878 3.91208 3.010 0.01024 3.018 0.02376 3.068 0.01443 3.075 0.03171 3.162 0.54938 3.171 0.80393 3.325 4.51932 3.341 6.96827 3.377 3.27716 3.390 3.36328 3.513 2.88655 3.520 3.13779 3.614 0.23179 3.619 0.36473 3.666 0.78828 3.670 0.84135 3.702 0.61169 3.708 0.62375 3.928 3.09061 3.923 2.72650 4.103 0.04440 4.021 0.08645 4.134 0.03778 4.101 0.06423 4.171 0.06248 4.135 0.05166 4.326 1.43922 4.170 0.06645 4.521 0.77553 4.321 1.21741 4.655 0.31293 4.511 0.51971
91
Tabel A.1 Bensin (Lanjutan) Peak Number 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65
Bensin Cair Uap Bensin Retention Concentration Retention Concentration Time (%) Time (%) 4.834 0.20388 4.645 0.21335 4.978 0.21622 4.806 0.13150 5.130 0.34991 4.970 0.15354 5.425 14.59257 5.095 0.19555 5.480 1.06493 5.364 8.52074 5.544 0.43778 5.420 0.50484 5.663 0.30010 5.490 0.18291 5.714 0.11850 5.632 0.01657 5.799 0.31325 5.685 0.04892 5.908 0.13975 5.771 0.11966 6.034 1.45001 5.884 0.05778 6.104 0.13793 5.979 0.43417 6.209 0.10340 6.060 0.04669 6.307 0.04408 6.120 0.01097 6.380 0.03438 6.183 0.03649 6.473 0.09245 6.285 0.01376 6.528 0.04465 6.359 0.00967 6.623 0.15371 6.448 0.02585 6.715 0.14592 6.510 0.01494 6.786 0.32761 6.593 0.04049 6.918 0.01155 6.691 0.04427 7.041 0.03252 6.757 0.07606 7.126 0.06215 7.012 0.01616 7.430 2.64225 7.100 0.18480 7.743 9.41372 7.229 0.13600 7.871 0.00226 7.375 0.50267 7.970 0.08850 7.598 1.73477 8.199 3.48910 7.910 0.01699 8.274 0.66528 8.079 0.56147 8.391 0.06103 8.192 0.07092 8.461 0.03140 8.330 0.00587 8.600 0.05440 8.950 0.01077 8.639 0.04540 8.734 0.03365 8.777 0.31866 8.818 0.00739 8.856 0.07858 8.903 0.00824
92
Tabel A.1 Bensin (Lanjutan) Peak Number 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
Bensin Cair Uap Bensin Retention Concentration Retention Concentration Time (%) Time (%) 8.940 0.10850 9.347 0.05943 9.078 0.05736 8.522 0.22872 9.201 0.02362 9.653 0.06838 9.397 0.73747 9.883 0.04792 9.635 3.22268 10.073 0.00287 9.757 1.13801 10.161 0.18014 9.965 0.76946 10.234 0.01264 10.305 3.79473 10.425 0.00262 10.403 0.01868 10.723 0.04094 10.484 0.06376 10.986 0.01391 10.544 0.09453 11.258 0.01837 10.675 0.00677 11.339 0.01176 10.809 1.02582 11.390 0.01647 10.929 0.03668 11.556 0.00578 11.044 0.32783 11.745 0.01215 11.196 0.02219 11.892 0.11640 11.315 0.58634 12.448 0.00411 11.396 0.38073 12.526 0.00551 11.451 0.45611 12.875 0.00653 11.601 0.18446 13.074 0.00420 11.826 0.53732 13.771 0.25030 11.952 0.53733 12.053 0.03717 12.118 0.09457 12.259 0.12174 12.312 0.20130 12.491 0.25848 12.577 0.33746 12.701 0.01362 12.825 0.00391 12.903 0.13487 12.960 0.06985 13.105 0.38363 13.229 0.05516 13.315 0.05308
93
Tabel A.1 Bensin (Lanjutan) Peak Number 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
Bensin Cair Uap Bensin Retention Concentration Retention Concentration Time (%) Time (%) 13.478 0.04702 13.637 0.01574 13.719 0.27027 13.795 0.06647 13.873 0.05914 14.079 0.04274 14.245 0.00993 14.350 0.01811 14.549 0.03651 14.758 0.01721 14.849 0.02969 14.942 0.01343 15.118 0.03838 15.323 0.00474 15.460 0.04764 15.661 0.03587 15.824 0.12183 15.926 0.04195 16.205 0.05744 18.150 0.02157 Total 100.24068 100.62240
Tabel A.2 Hasil Pengujian Membran PVDF (polyvinilydene fluoride) Peak Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Permeate Retentate Retention Time Area (%) Retention Time Area (%) 2.1 0.1373 0 2.17 0.75635 0 0 2.19 0.08358 2.30 12.09797 2.34 0.98626 2.34 10.74185 2.41 1.43002 2.44 1.97212 2.5 1.15225 2.53 2.67458 0 2.7 15.9853 2.7 4.47084 7.97732 2.8 3.61406 0 2.9 3.50126
94
Tabel A.2 Hasil Pengujian Membran PVDF (Lanjutan) Peak Number 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Permeate Retentate Retention Time Area (%) Retention Time Area (%) 3.0 10.49349 0 3.1 1.00938 3.1 0.48888 3.2 4.04172 3.2 3.67061 0.04823 0 3.37 0.06197 0 0 3.4 0.94789 3.461 0.8508 0 6.70797 3.6 8.06197 3.647 2.253628 3.675 6.11241 3.8 3.22352 3.8 3.69890 3.89 1.2605 0 3.92 0.59283 4.0 4.75726 4.1 2.74554 0 4.20 0.07847 4.21 0.24347 0.13187 0 0 0 4.4 1.21154 4.4 3.45951 4.5 0.54315 4.5 1.92902 0.22496 4.6 0.87152 0 0 4.8 0.15096 4.8 0.55434 4.9 0.1556 4.86 0.46386 5.0 0.19018 4.95 0.79143 0 19.40233 5.3 7.27895 5.3 0.95296 5.4 0.18926 0 5.5 0.06833 5.5 0.26130 5.6 0.11307 5.5 0.56300 5.7 0.4638 5.7 2.40396 5.8 0.04765 5.8 0.25751 5.9 0.0374 5.9 0.17553 6.0 0.01543 6.0 0.07532 6.06 0.00972 6.1 0.20375 6.15 0.02652 0 6.3 0.04963 6.24 0.31836 6.4 0.07862 6.4 0.79597
95
Tabel A.2 Hasil Pengujian Membran PVDF (Lanjutan) Peak Number 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Permeate Retentate Retention Time Area (%) Retention Time Area (%) 6.5 0.02824 6.64 0.03467 6.7 0.00889 6.7 0.08813 6.8 0.01442 6.8 0.12004 6.9 0.01581 0 7.0 0.4668 7.0 3.03899 7.3 1.34768 7.2 9.10449 0 7.47 0.05378 7.46 0.00144 7.52 0.07058 0.00422 0 7.56 0.0068 0 7.6 0.01275 7.6 0.12369 7.7 0.42446 7.7 3.32474 7.8 0.05422 7.8 0.55983 7.9 0.00305 7.9 0.03011 8.0 0.00209 8.0 0.02973 8.17 0.00278 8.1 0.04268 0 8.2 0.03831 0.0031 8.3 0.27549 8.4 0.02466 0 0 0 8.53 0.00594 8.5 0.08441 8.7 0.00277 8.64 0.04446 0 8.8 0.02341 9.0 0.04055 9.0 0.45454 9.2 0.15183 9.2 1.78480 9.3 0.58487 0.0439 0 9.6 0.03138 9.6 0.41549 9.8 0.00161 9.8 0.02809 9.9 0.11451 9.9 1.59211 10.2 0.00161 10.2 0.02609 0 10.3 0.03865 0 10.5 0.35711 0.02157 0
96
Tabel A.2 Hasil Pengujian Membran PVDF (Lanjutan) Peak Number 72 73 74 75 76 77 78
79 80 81
Permeate Retentate Retention Time Area (%) Retention Time Area (%) 0 10.8 0.10246 0.00671 0 0 11.1 0.15764 11.2 0.01356 11.2 0.15084 11.3 0.00668 11.3 0.12360 11.5 0.00195 11.5 0.04263 0 11.7 0.05391 11.9 0.00383 0 0 0.01346 0 0.01373 0 12.5 0.03196 0 12.6 0.04328 0 0 0 0.03061 0 0.02863 13.8 0.06628 0.00000 0 0.02085 0.1697 0 0.00257 0 0.00398 0 0.00011 0 0.5283 0 0 0.02329 Total 100.338 99.905
Tabel A.3 Hasil Pengujian Membran PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) Peak Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Permeate Retention Time Concentration (%) 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 1.963 2.71752 2.032 3.15222 0.000 0 0.000 0
97
Tabel A.3 Hasil Pengujian Membran PVA (lanjutan) Peak Number 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
Permeate Retention Concentration Time (%) 2.335 7.88476 2.429 5.23161 0.000 0 2.557 7.40507 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 2.843 3.27816 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 3.305 7.88945 0.000 0 0.000 3.98066 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0.05778 3.852 3.73316 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 4.276 1.68189 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 5.220 14.34389 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0
98
Tabel A.3 Hasil Pengujian Membran PVA (lanjutan) Peak Number 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
Permeate Retention Concentration Time (%) 0.000 0 5.942 1.42970 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 7.350 3.70722 7.528 13.10262 0.000 0 8.047 4.33191 8.182 0.75313 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 9.346 0.75376 9.515 4.43848 9.650 1.56033 9.883 0.99095 10.155 4.96911 0.000 0 10.725 1.46158 0.000 0
99
Tabel A.3 Hasil Pengujian Membran PVA (lanjutan) Peak Number 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83
Permeate Retention Concentration Time (%) 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0 11.897 1.20282 0.000 0.00000 0.000 0.00000 Total 100.05578
100
LAMPIRAN B HASIL PENGUJIAN PROTIPE ALTERNATIF RANCANGAN 1
Nomor Pengujian
1
Waktu (Menit)
Tinggi Tabung (cm)
Temperatur (oC)
0
15.6
34
5
15.3
31
10
14.9
32
15
14.4
34
20
14.3
35
25
14.1
38
30
13.9
38
35
13.7
40
40
13.4
40
45
13.1
38
50
12.9
35
Δt total
2
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
178
T rata - rata 2.7
Nomor Waktu Pengujian (Menit)
Volume Permeate (mL)
Tinggi Tabung (cm)
35.91
Temperatur (oC)
16.7 16.4 16.3 16.2 16 15.8 15.6 15.4 15.2 14.9 14.7 14.4 14.2 Δt total
25 24 25 28 31 33 35 37 39 40 40 38 36 T rata - rata 2.5
160
33.15
101
Volume Permeate (mL)
Nomor Pengujian
Waktu
Tinggi Tabung
Temperatur
(Menit)
(cm)
( C)
0
16.7
26
5
16.5
26
10
16.4
28
15
16.4
31
20
16.3
34
25
16.2
36
30
16
38
35
15.8
40
40
15.5
41
45
15.3
39
50
15.1
37
55
15
35
60
14.9
32
3
Δt total
121
34.08
Tinggi Tabung
Temperatur
Volume Permeate
(cm)
(oC)
(mL)
0
14.8
34
5
14.7
31
10
14.5
32
15
14.4
34
20
14.3
35
25
14.1
38
30
14
38
Waktu
Pengujian (Menit)
4
(mL)
T rata - rata 1.8
Nomor
Volume Permeate
o
Δt total
63
T rata - rata 0.8
34.57
102
Nomor Pengujian
Waktu
Tinggi Tabung
Temperatur
(Menit)
(cm)
( C)
0
16.2
25
5
16
25
10
15.8
26
15
15.5
28
20
15.3
30
25
15
32
30
14.8
34
35
14.6
38
5
Δt total
Waktu
Pengujian (Menit)
6
(mL)
105
T rata - rata 1.6
Nomor
Volume Permeate
o
Tinggi Tabung
29.75
Temperatur o
(cm)
( C)
0
14.6
40
5
14.2
34
10
14
32
15
13.8
33
20
13.5
36
25
13.3
38
30
13.2
41
35
12.9
41
40
12.7
39
45
12.4
37
50
12.3
34
55
12.1
31
60
12
31
Δt total
(mL)
184
T rata - rata 2.6
35.92
103
Volume Permeate
LAMPIRAN C HASIL PENGUJIAN PROTOTIPE ALTERNATIF RANCANGAN 3
Nomor
Waktu
Pengujian (Menit) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 1 14 16 18 20
Tinggi Tabung (cm) 18 17.9 17.9 17.8 17.7 17.6 17.5 17.3 17.2 17.1 17.1 Δt total
Nomor
Waktu
Pengujian (Menit) 2 0
Tinggi Tabung
Temperatur o
( C) 24 23 24 25 27 28 29 31 33 35 36 T rata rata 0.9 28.64
Temperatur o
(cm)
( C)
17.1
40
2
16.9
38
4
16.8
36
6
16.7
35
8
16.5
34
10
16.4
33
12
16.4
32
14 16 18 20
16.3 16.3 16.3 16.2 Δt total
31 31 31 32 T rata - rata
104
Volume Permeate (mL)
119
Volume Permeate (mL) 113
Nomor Pengujian
3
Waktu
0.9 Tinggi Tabung
33.91 Temperatur
(Menit)
(cm)
( C)
0
16.2
36
2
16.1
34
4
16
34
6
16
34
8
15.9
35
10
15.8
35
12
15.6
36
14
15.6
37
16
15.5
38
18
15.4
39
20
15.4 Δt total
Waktu
Pengujian (Menit)
4
(mL)
98
40 T rata - rata 0.8
Nomor
Volume Permeate
o
Tinggi Tabung
36.18
Temperatur o
(cm)
( C)
0
15.4
41
2
15.3
39
4
15.1
37
6
14.9
35
8
14.9
35
10
14.8
34
12
14.7
33
14
14.7
33
16
14.5
34
18
14.5
35
20
14.4
36 T rata rata
Δt total 1
35.64
105
Volume Permeate (mL)
95
Nomor
Waktu
Pengujian (Menit)
5
Tinggi Tabung
Temperatur o
(cm)
( C)
0
14.4
41
2
14.3
39
4
14.2
38
6
14.1
37
8
14
35
10
14
35
12
13.9
36
14
13.9
36
16
13.8
37
18
13.8
38
20
13.8
40 T rata rata
Δt total 0.6
Nomor
Waktu
Pengujian (Menit)
6
Tinggi Tabung
o
(cm)
( C)
0
13.8
43
2
13.6
41
4
13.5
40
6
13.3
38
8
13.2
37
10
13.2
36
12
13.2
37
14
13.1
38
16
13
39
18
13
40
20
12.9
41 T rata rata 0.9
(mL)
73
37.45
Temperatur
Δt total
Volume Permeate
39.09
106
Volume Permeate (mL)
111
Nomor
Waktu
Pengujian (Menit)
7
Tinggi Tabung
Temperatur o
(cm)
( C)
0
12.9
45
2
12.8
44
4
12.7
42
6
12.7
40
8
12.6
39
10
12.5
38
12
12.5
37
14
12.4
36
16
12.3
35
18
12.3
35
20
12.2
36 T rata rata
Δt total 0.7
Nomor
Waktu
Pengujian (Menit)
8
Tinggi Tabung
o
(cm)
( C)
0
12.2
35
2
12.2
34
4
12.1
34
6
12.1
35
8
12
36
10
12
37
12
12
38
14
11.9
40
16
11.9
41
18
11.8
42
20
11.7
44 T rata rata 0.5
(mL)
94
38.82
Temperatur
Δt total
Volume Permeate
37.82
107
Volume Permeate (mL)
78
Nomor
Waktu
Pengujian (Menit)
9
Tinggi Tabung
Temperatur o
(cm)
( C)
0
11.7
48
2
11.6
46
4
11.5
44
6
11.4
43
8
11.4
41
10
11.3
40
12
11.2
39
14
11.2
39
16
11.2
40
18
11.1
40
20
11
0.7
Waktu
Pengujian (Menit)
10
(mL)
23
41 T rata rata
Δt total
Nomor
Volume Permeate
Tinggi Tabung
41.91
Temperatur o
(cm)
( C)
0
11
46
2
11
45
4
11
44
6
10.9
43
8
10.9
42
10
10.8
42
12
10.8
41
14
10.8
41
16
10.8
40
18
10.8
40
20
10.8
40 T rata rata
Δt total 0.2
42.18
108
Volume Permeate (mL)
10
