1. Soal Packet Tracer
Exercise 1: Open Packet Tracer (start ‐> cisco packet tracer) and click on help ‐> Contents. Go to: Getting Started �Interface Overview. Answer :
Penjelasan dari nomor 1 s/d 10 seperti pada tabel berikut :
1
This bar provides the File, Edit, Options, View, Tools, Extensions, and Help menus. You will find basic commands such as Open, Save, Print, and Preferences in these menus. You will also be able to access the Activity Wizard from 2 Main tool Bar This bar provides shortcut icons to the File and Edit menu commands. This bar also provides buttons for Zoom, the drawing Palette, and the Device Template Manager. On the right, you will also find the Network Information button, which you can use to enter a description for the current network (or any text you wish to include). 3 Command Tool This bar provides access to these commonly used workspace tools: Select, Move Layout, Place Note, Delete, Inspect, Add Simple PDU, and Add Complex Bar PDU. See "Workspace Basics" for more information. 4 Logical/Physical You can toggle between the Physical Workspace and the Logical Workspace Workspace and with the tabs on this bar. In Logical Workspace, this bar also allows you to Navigation Bar navigate through levels of a cluster, create a new New Cluster, Move Object, Set Tiled Background, and Viewport. In Physical Workspace, this bar allows you to navigate through physical locations, create a New City, create a New Building, create a New Closet, Move Object, apply Grid to the background, Set Background, and go to the Working Closet. 5 Workspace This area is where you will create your network, watch simulations, and view many kinds of information and statistics. 6 Realtime/ You can toggle between Realtime Mode and Simulation Mode with the tabs on Simulation Bar this bar. This bar also provides buttons to Power Cycle Devices as well as the Play Control buttons and the Event List toggle button in Simulation Mode. Also, it contains a clock that displays the relative Time in Realtime Mode and Simulation Mode. 7 Network This box is where you choose devices and connections to put into the workspace. Component Box It contains the Device-Type Selection Box and the Device-Specific Selection Box. 8 Device-Type This box contains the type of devices and connections available in Packet Tracer 5.0. The Device-Specific Selection Box will change depending on which type of Selection Box device you choose. 9 Device-Specific This box is where you choose specifically which devices you want to put in your network and which connections to make. Selection Box 10 User Created This window manages the packets you put in the network during simulation scenarios. See the "Simulation Mode" section for more details. Packet Window* Menu Bar
Exercise 2: To create a single‐segment network using a Hub. Step 1 Answer :
Step 2: Configure the PCs with IP addresses of any meaningful subnet Answer : IP PC0 Gateway
= 192.168.1.2/24 = 192.168.1.1
IP PC1 Gateway
= 192.168.1.3/24 = 192.168.1.1
IP PC2 Gateway
= 192.168.1.4/24 = 192.168.1.1
IP PC3 Gateway
= 192.168.1.5/24 = 192.168.1.1
Step 3: Test the network, e.g., ping PC3 from PC0. Answer :
Step 4: Run the test in Simulation mode. Answer :
Exercise 3: Scenario: You have recently graduated from College and decide to start up your own small business. At your office, you have two PCʹs an old hub and a printer. You decide to network the PCs and Printer. In the Topology screen build your simple network: • Connect each PC and the printer to your hub You need to configure each PC and the printer with an IP address as given below. You do not need give a gateway address. WHY? Answer : Karena : PC hanya menggunakan switch yang hanya melewatkan langsung ke printer yang ip nya sudah di setting jadi tidak memerlukan gateway address.
PC0: 192.168.1.100 o PC1: 192.168.1.101 o Printer: 192.168.1.50
a. Why donʹt you have to configure an IP address on the hub Answer : Karena fungsi HUB itu hanya melewatkan dan sebagai pembagi ke workstation/client yang lain, bandwidthnya akan terbagi. b. What layer do hubs operate at? Answer : Layer 1 HUB tidak menyaring atau menerjemahkan sesuatu, HUB hanya mengetahui kecepatan transfer data dan susunan pin pada kabel. HUB beroperasi pada layer 1 dengan cara mengirimkan sinyal paket data ke seluruh port pada HUB sehingga paket data tersebut diterima oleh seluruh komputer yang berhubungan dengan HUB tersebut.
c. How many layers do PCs process? Answer : 7 Process a. Layer 7 Application b. Layer 6 Presentation c. Layer 5 Session d. Layer 4 Transport e. Layer 3 Network f. Layer 2 Data link g. Layer 1 Physical Exercise 4: Repeat Exercise # 3 using a switch instead of a hub. Observe and explain at least 4 points about the differences. Answer : Point 1 : Point 2 : Point 3 : Point 4 :
Apabila menggunakan HUB, packet data/informasi yang masuk ke HUB akan ditransmisikan ke setiap PC yang terhubung ke jaringan. Sedangkan apabila menggunakan SWITCH, packet data/informasi yang diterima akan dikirimkan kepad PC yang hanya berkepentingan dengan data tersebut. Apabila menggunakan HUB, sinyal yang dikirimkan tersebut diulang-ulang walaupun paket data telah diterima oleh komputer tujuan. Hal ini menyebabkan fungsi collision lebih sering terjadi Apabila menggunakan SWITCH, Jika ada collision yang terjadi itu merupakan collision pada port-port yang sedang saling berkirim paket data. Apabila menggunakan HUB, pengiriman packet data/informasi akan memerlukan waktu yang lama untuk sampai ketujuan karena data tersebut dikirimkan keseluruh port dan PC.sehingga menyebabkan collision. Apabila menggunakan SWITCH packet data/informasi langsung dikirim ke komputer tujuan, tidak mengirim ke seluruh port yang ada (broadcast) sehingga bandwidth yang ada pada switch dapat digunakan secara penuh. Pada SWITCH paket loss lebih sedikit dibandingkan menggunakan HUB. Apabila menggunakan HUB, bandwidth akan terbagi ke semua port, apabila hanya satu PC yang menggunakan, maka akan mendapatkan akses bandwith yang maksimum yang tersedia. Namun, jika beberapa PC beroperasi pada jaringan tersebut, maka bandwidth akan dibagi kepada semua PC, yang berakibat menurunkan kinerja masing-masing PC. Apabila menggunakan SWITCH, bandwidth tidak akan terbagi karena SWITCH menyimpan catatan MAC address dari perangkat yang terhubung. Jadi berapapun jumlah PC yang ditransmisikan, pengguna akan selalu memiliki akses ke jumlah maksimum bandwidth.
