x
TAKARIR
Breadboard
Papan rangkaian
Queue
Antre
Flowchart
Diagran alur
Ground
Kutub negatif
Traffic
Lalu lintas
xi
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................
i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN DOSEN PEMBIMBING .....................................
ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN DOSEN PENGUJI ..........................................
iii
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TUGAS ..........................................
iv
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN.......................................................................
v
HALAMAN MOTTO ......................................................................................
vi
KATA PENGANTAR .....................................................................................
vii
SARI.................................................................................................................
ix
TAKARIR ........................................................................................................
x
DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................
xi
DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................
xiv
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................
xvi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...............................................................................
1
1.1. Latar Belakang ...............................................................................
1
1.2. Rumusan Masalah ..........................................................................
2
1.3. Batasan Masalah ............................................................................
2
1.4. Tujuan Penelitian ...........................................................................
2
1.5. Manfaat Penelitian .........................................................................
2
1.6. Lokasi Penelitian ............................................................................
2
1.7. Metode Penelitian ..........................................................................
3
1.8. Sistematika Penulisan ....................................................................
4
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ..........................................................................
5
2.1 Tinjauan Pustaka ............................................................................
5
2.2 Dasar Teori .....................................................................................
6
2.2.1 Lampu Lalu Lintas ..............................................................
6
2.2.2 Mikrokontroler ....................................................................
10
xii
2.2.3 Sensor Ultrasonik ................................................................
11
2.2.4 Lampu LED ........................................................................
13
2.2.5 Kabel Jumper ......................................................................
13
2.2.6 Logika Fuzzy .......................................................................
14
2.2.6.1 Dasar Logika Fuzzy .......................................................
14
2.2.6.2 Fungsi Keanggotaan ......................................................
15
2.2.6.3 Operasi Himpunan Fuzzy ..............................................
17
2.2.6.4 Metode Tsukamoto ........................................................
17
BAB III METODOLOGI .................................................................................
20
3.1 Analisis Masalah ...............................................................................
20
3.2 Analsis Kebutuhan ............................................................................
21
3.2.1 Analisis Kebutuhan Masukan .............................................
22
3.2.2 Analisis Kebutuhan Keluaran .............................................
22
3.2.3 Analisis Kebutuhan Fungsi Kinerja ....................................
22
3.2.4 Analisis Perangkat Keras ....................................................
22
3.2.5 Analisis Perangkat Lunak ...................................................
22
3.3 Perancangan ......................................................................................
23
3.3.1 Perancangan Flowchart ......................................................
23
3.3.2 Perancangan Sistem ............................................................
27
3.3.3 Perancangan Perangkat Keras .............................................
42
3.3.4 Perancangan Perangkat Lunak ............................................
45
3.4 Implementasi.....................................................................................
46
3.5 Pengujian dan Analisis Sistem..........................................................
46
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN .........................................................
48
4.1 Pembuatan Sistem .............................................................................
48
4.1.1 Perangkat Lunak yang digunakan .......................................
48
xiii
4.1.2 Perangkat Keras yang digunakan ........................................
48
4.1.3 Proses Pembuatan Alat .......................................................
49
4.1.4 Perangkaian Komponen ......................................................
50
4.2 Pengujian Sistem ...............................................................................
54
4.3 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Sistem ...................................................
71
4.3.1 Kelebihan Sistem ................................................................
71
4.3.2 Kekurangan sistem ..............................................................
72
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ...........................................................
73
5.1 Kesimpulan .......................................................................................
73
5.2 Saran .................................................................................................
73
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................
74
LAMPIRAN .....................................................................................................
76
xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.1 Simpang Kentungan .................................................................3 Gambar 2.1 Siklus lampu lalu lintas Indonesia ............................................8 Gambar 2.2 Perempatan dengan 2 fase ........................................................9 Gambar 2.3 Perempatan dengan 3 fase ........................................................9 Gambar 2.4 Perempatan dengan 4 fase ......................................................10 Gambar 2.5 Bentuk fisik sensor ultrasonik ................................................11 Gambar 2.6 Sudut pancaran gelombang sensor ultrasonik ........................12 Gambar 2.7 Cara kerja sensor ultrasonik ...................................................12 Gambar 2.8 Lampu LED ............................................................................13 Gambar 2.9 Kabel jumper ..........................................................................14 Gambar 2.10 Contoh himpunan fuzzy pada variabel temperatur ................15 Gambar 2.11 Representasi linear naik ........................................................16 Gambar 2.12 Representasi linear turun ......................................................16 Gambar 2.13 Tahapan dalam metode Tsukamoto ......................................18 Gambar 3.1 Skema perancangan model lampu lalu lintas dinamis ............21 Gambar 3.2 Flowchart ...............................................................................24 Gambar 3.3 Flowchart Logika Fuzzy A .....................................................25 Gambar 3.4 Flowchart Logika Fuzzy B .....................................................26 Gambar 3.5 Diagram rangkaian sistem ......................................................27 Gambar 3.6 Ukuran Simpang Kentungan ..................................................28 Gambar 3.7 Kehilangan awal waktu hijau .................................................31 Gambar 3.8 Gerak lurus beraturan waktu hijau..........................................32 Gambar 3.9 Representasi variabel panjang antrian utara ...........................34 Gambar 3.10 Representasi variabel panjang antrian timur ........................35 Gambar 3.11 Representasi variabel panjang antrian selatan ......................36 Gambar 3.12 Representasi variabel panjang antrian barat .........................37 Gambar 3.13 Representasi variabel waktu hijau utara - selatan.................38 Gambar 3.14 Representasi variabel waktu hijau timur - barat ...................39
xv
Gambar 3.15 Perhitungan panjang antrian .................................................42 Gambar 3.16 Sensor menghitung panjang antrian .....................................46 Gambar 3.17 Sensor mendeteksi tidak ada antrian ....................................46 Gambar 4.1 Komponen yang akan dirangkai .............................................49 Gambar 4.2 Antar muka IDE Arduino 1.0.6 ..............................................50 Gambar 4.3 Pembuatan model tiang sensor ...............................................51 Gambar 4.4 Pembuatan model tiang lampu lalu lintas ...............................52 Gambar 4.5 Pemodelan jalan ......................................................................52 Gambar 4.6 Rangkaian dihubungkan ke Arduino ......................................53 Gambar 4.7 Semua rangkaian terhubung ke Arduino ................................53 Gambar 4.8 Model lampu lalu lintas dinamis ............................................54 Gambar 4.9 Antrian 61 meter pada model .................................................55 Gambar 4.10 Antrian 61 meter serial monitor IDE Arduino......................55 Gambar 4.11 Antrian 20 meter pada model ...............................................56 Gambar 4.12 Antrian 20 meter serial monitor IDE Arduino......................56 Gambar 4.13 Tidak ada antrian pada model ...............................................57 Gambar 4.14 Tidak ada antrian pada serial monitor IDE Arduino ............57 Gambar 4.15 Siklus lampu lalu lintas ........................................................58 Gambar 4.16 Lampu merah semua .............................................................58 Gambar 4.17 Lampu kuning .......................................................................59 Gambar 4.18 Lampu hijau ..........................................................................59 Gambar 4.19 Lampu hijau untuk jalan yang memiliki antrian...................60 Gambar 4.20 Lampu tidak menyala ...........................................................60 Gambar 4.21 Lampu menyala kembali ......................................................61 Gambar 4.22 Antrian pada model lampu lalu lintas dinamis .....................61 Gambar 4.23 Nyala lampu hijau setiap jalan .............................................62
xvi
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 Pemberian nilai normal waktu antar hijau...................................28 Tabel 3.2 Variabel yang digunakan .............................................................29 Tabel 3.3 Waktu siklus persimpangan ........................................................30 Tabel 3.4 Himpunan fuzzy ...........................................................................33 Tabel 3.5 Tabel hubungan pin sensor..........................................................43 Tabel 3.6 Tabel hubungan pin Lampu LED jalan 1 ....................................44 Tabel 3.7 Tabel hubungan pin Lampu LED jalan 2 ....................................44 Tabel 3.8 Tabel hubungan pin Lampu LED jalan 3 ....................................44 Tabel 3.9 Tabel hubungan pin Lampu LED jalan 4 ....................................45 Tabel 4.1 Pengujian lampu lalu lintas dinamis............................................71
