PENGATURAN QUALITY OF SERVICE (QoS) PADA JARINGAN UNTUK MENDUKUNG LAYANAN VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOKOL (VoIP) (Studi Kasus: Lab.Jurusan Teknik Informatika Universitas Pasundan)
TUGAS AKHIR
Disusun sebagai salah satu syarat untuk kelulusan Program Strata 1, Program Studi Teknik Informatika, Universitas Pasundan Bandung
Oleh : Rahman Prianda Ramdani Nrp : 08.304.0102
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK INFORMATIKA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS PASUNDAN BANDUNG SEPTEMBER 2016
DAFTAR ISI ABSTRAK .............................................................................................................................................. i ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................... ii KATA PENGANTAR ...........................................................................................................................iii DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................................................... iv DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................................................ vii DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR ISTILAH.............................................................................................................................. ix DAFTAR SIMBOL .............................................................................................................................. xi BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Latar belakang ................................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 Identifikasi masalah ....................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3 Tujuan Tugas Akhir ....................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.4 Lingkup Tugas Akhir...................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.5 MetodologiTugas Akhir ................................................................................................................. 1-2 1.6 Sistematika Penulisan Tugas Akhir ............................................................................................... 1-4 BAB 2 LANDASAN TEORI ............................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Protocol .......................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Tranmission Control Protocol (TCP)........................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.2 Internet Protocol (IP) .................................................................................................................. 2-2 2.1.3 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) .................................................................................................. 2-2 2.2 IP Address ...................................................................................................................................... 2-3 2.3 VoIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol) ............................................................................................. 2-3 2.3.1 Format paket VOIP ..................................................................................................................... 2-4 2.3.2 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan VoIP ................................................................................................ 2-5 2.4 Komponen Jaringan VoIP .............................................................................................................. 2-5 2.4.1 Server VoIP ................................................................................................................................. 2-6 2.4.2 Client VoIP .................................................................................................................................. 2-6 2.4.3 Bandwith ..................................................................................................................................... 2-9
2.5 IPPBX ............................................................................................................................................ 2-9 2.6 QoS (Quality of Service) ............................................................................................................... 2-9 2.6.1 Parameter QoS ........................................................................................................................... 2-10 2.7 Komponen Quality of Service (QOS) ........................................................................................... 2-12 2.7.1 Pentingnya QoS ......................................................................................................................... 2-13 2.8 Klasifikasi Lalu-lintas Paket Jaringan .......................................................................................... 2-14 2.8.1 Lalu-lintas Data ......................................................................................................................... 2-14 2.8.2 Lalu-lintas Suara ........................................................................................................................ 2-14 2.9 Manajemen Kongesti .................................................................................................................... 2-14 2.9.1 FIFO (first in first out) ............................................................................................................... 2-14 2.9.2 CBWFQ (Class Based Weighted Fair Queuing) ....................................................................... 2-14 2.9.3 PQ(Priority Queuing) ................................................................................................................ 2-15 2.9.4 LLQ (Low Latency Queuing) .................................................................................................... 2-15 2.9.5 VLAN(Virtual Local Area Network) ........................................................................................ 2-15 BAB 3 ANALISIS dan PERANCANGAN........................................................................................ 3-1 3.1 Kerangka Tugas Akhir ................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Skema Analisis ............................................................................................................................... 3-5 3.3 Keadaan Jaringan Telekomunikasi Jurusan Teknik Informatika ................................................... 3-5 3.4 Analisis Kebutuhan Bandwith ........................................................................................................ 3-6 3.5 Analisis Kebutuhan Hardware ....................................................................................................... 3-7 3.5.1 Hardware untuk server................................................................................................................. 3-7 3.5.2 Hardware untuk client ................................................................................................................. 3-8 3.5.3 Hardware untuk jaringan.............................................................................................................. 3-8 3.5.4 Analisis Kebutuhan sofrware ...................................................................................................... 3-8 3.5.5 Software untuk server ................................................................................................................. 3-8 3.5.6 Software untuk Client ................................................................................................................. 3-8 3.5.7 Software untuk QoS .................................................................................................................... 3-9 3.6 Perancangan skenario Pengujian .................................................................................................... 3-9
3.6.1 Rancangan pengujian VoIP dengan kondisi Existing saat ini dijurusan teknik informatika .............................................................................................................................................................. 3-9 3.6.2 Rancangan pengujian VoIP dengan melakukan perubahan settingan ....................................... 3-10 BAB 4 ................................................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Implementasi VoIP ......................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Perangkat yang digunakan .......................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Client ........................................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.3 Tools pengujian ........................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.4 Konfigurasi awal TrixBox ........................................................................................................... 4-2 4.1.5 Konfigurasi Extension VoIP di web UI TrixBox ........................................................................ 4-2 4.1.6 Konfigurasi Client Softphone ..................................................................................................... 4-3 4.1.7 Konfigurasi IP Phone................................................................................................................... 4-5 4.2 Pengujian VoIP .............................................................................................................................. 4-5 4.2.1 Pengujian Koneksi dengan ICMP (PING) .................................................................................. 4-5 4.2.2 Pengujian Client VoIP jaringan existing ..................................................................................... 4-6 4.2.3 Pengujian Client VoIP pengaturan VLAN .................................................................................. 4-6 4.2.4 Pengujian QoS ............................................................................................................................. 4-7 4.2.5 Hasil Pengujian VoIP jaringan existing ...................................................................................... 4-8 BAB 5 ................................................................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Saran ............................................................................................................................................... 5-1 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................................................... 5-1
DAFTAR TABEL Table 2-1 Format Paket VoIP .............................................................................................................. 2-5 Table 2-2 Voice Payload ..................................................................................................................... 2-5 Table 2-3 Kelebihan dan kekurangan VoIP ........................................................................................ 2-5 Table 2-4 Packet Loss ....................................................................................................................... 2-10 Table 2-5 Jenis delay ......................................................................................................................... 2-11 Table 2-6 One-Way Delay.................................................................................................................. 2-11 Table 2-7 Jitter ................................................................................................................................... 2-12 Table 4-1 Hasil pengujian VoIP dengan jaringan Existing ................................................................. 4-8 Table 4-2 Hasil pengujian VoIP dengan menggunakan VLAN .......................................................... 4-9
DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1-1 Metodologi pengerjaan Tugas Akhir ............................................................................... 1-3 Gambar 2-1 Format Paket VoIP .......................................................................................................... 2-4 Gambar 2-2 Komponen delay ........................................................................................................... 2-11 Gambar 3-1 kerangka Tugas Akhir ..................................................................................................... 3-4 Gambar 3-2 Skema analisis ................................................................................................................. 3-5 Gambar 3-3 Topologi jaringan Teknik informatika UNPAS .............................................................. 3-7 Gambar 3-4 Rancangan jaringan VoIP ................................................................................................ 3-9 Gambar 4-1 Menu PBX untuk melakukan pembuatan ID Extension ................................................. 4-2 Gambar 4-2 Menu Pengisian data Extension ...................................................................................... 4-3 Gambar 4-3 konfigurasi SIP account .................................................................................................. 4-4
DAFTAR SIMBOL
No
Simbol
Nama Simbol
Keterangan
Perangkat dalam jarinan komputer yang 1
Internet
digunakan sebagai penghubung antara jaringan Sebuah node yang telah dikonfigurasi
2
Access Point
secara khusus pada sebuah WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)
3
Server
Tempat penyimpanan data
Perangkat yang biasa digunakan sebagai 4
Switch
konsentrator
pada
jaringan
dengan
topologi star. Digunakan untuk menjalankan aplikasi 5
PC
jaringan komputer
DAFTAR ISTILAH No
Istilah
Keterangan
1
Bandwidth
Kapasitas atau daya tampung suatu kanal komunikasi untuk dapat dilewati trafik dalam satuan waktu tertentu
2
Traffic
Banyaknya informasi yang melewati suatu kanal komunikasi.
3
QOS
4
Packet Loss
Parameter yang menggambarkan suatu kondisi yang menunjukkan jumlah total paket yang hilang
5
Delay
Waktu yang dibutuhkan data untuk menempuh jarak dari asal ke tujuan.
6
Througput
7
Jitter
Quality of Service (QoS) adalah kemampuan suatu jaringan untuk menyediakan layanan yang baik dengan menyediakan bandwith, mengatasi jitter dan delay.
Bandwidth aktual yang terukur pada suatu waktu menggunakan rute internet yang spesifik ketika sedang mendownload suatu file. Perbedaan waktu kedatangan dari suatu paket ke penerima dengan waktu yang diharapkan.
