A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN TEACHING READING BY USING DRTA (DIRECT READING THINKING ACTIVITY) AND KWL (KNOW-WANT-LEARN) METHOD AT SECOND YEAR STUDENTS OF MTsN KANIGORO KRAS KEDIRI IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014
THESIS Presented to Faculty of Education and Teacher Training of State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Tulungagung in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam in English Education Department
By ISMIATUL FAIZAH NIM. 3213103018
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND TEACHER TRAINING STATE ISLAMIC INSTITUTE (IAIN) TULUNGAGUNG July 2014 i
ADVISOR’S APPROVAL SHEET
Thesis with the title “A Comparative Study in Teaching Reading by Using DRTA (Direct Reading Thinking Activity) and KWL (Know-Want-Learn) Method at Second Year Students of MTsN Kanigoro Kras Kediri in the Academic Year 2013/2014” that is written by ISMIATUL FAIZAH NIM 3213103018 has been approved by the thesis advisor and for further approval by the board of examiners
Tulungagung, July 11th 2014 Approved by Advisor,
Faizatul Istiqomah, M.Ed NIP. 19791220 200912 2 001
Acknowledge, Chief of English Education Department
Arina Shofiya, M.Pd NIP. 19770523 200312 2 002
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THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL SHEET A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN TEACHING READING BY USING DRTA (DIRECT READING THINKING ACTIVITY) AND KWL (KNOW – WANT – LEARN) METHOD AT SECOND YEAR STUDENTS OF MTsN KRAS KANIGORO KEDIRI IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014”. THESIS Written by:
ISMIATUL FAIZAH NIM: 3213103018 Has been maintained in front of the board of examiners at July 22nd 2014 and has been approved as the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam in English Education Department Board Examiners Chair
Signature : …………………
Dr. Agus Zaenul Fitri, M.Pd NIP. 19810801 2009 12 1 004 Main Examiner
: …………………
Muh. Basuni, M.Pd NIP. 19780312 2003 12 1 001 Secretary
: …………………
Dr. Sokip, M.Pd.I NIP. 19710420 2000 03 1 004
Approved by Dean Faculty of Education and Teacher Training IAIN Tulungagung
Dr. H. Abd. Aziz, M.Pd.I NIP. 19720601 200003 1 002 iii
MOTTO
“LIFE WITHOUT KNOWLEDGE IS LIKE WALKING ON THE DARK”
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DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to: My “great” parents, Mr. IMAM SAHADI and Mrs. SITI FATIMAH, for their biggest support and hours of patience. Deeply, no words can represent my grateful feeling for all you both have done for me. My beloved grandmother who always guide me to be better person. My beloved brother and sister, Zumrotus Sa’adah and Nurul Huda that always become friend and support me. My
beloved
twins,
Istifadatul
Azizah
who
always
accompany me in every where and every time. My best friends (latif, Nisak, Tya, erlin, ncus), Thank you for our inspiring friendship, both in finishing this thesis and our wonderful time for these years of togetherness. All of my classmates of TBI-A My Almamater IAIN Tulungagung
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DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP The undersign below: Name
: ISMIATUL FAIZAH
Place, date of birth
: Blitar, July 23 th 1992
NIM
: 3213103018
Faculty
: Faculty of Education and Teacher Training
Department
: English Education Department (TBI)
State that the thesis entitled “ A Comparative Study in Teaching Reading by Using DRTA (Direct Reading Thinking Activity) and KWL (Know- WantLearn) Method at Second Year of Students MTsN Kanigoro Kras Kediri in the Academic Year 2013/2014” is truly my original work and helped by the expert of this matter. It is written and published as the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Pendidikan Islam in English Education Department, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Tulungagung in the academic year 2013/2014. Due to the fact, I am responsible for this thesis, if there is any objection or claim from other.
Tulungagung, July 11th 2014 The writer
ISMIATUL FAIZAH 3213103018
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ABSTRACT Faizah, Ismiatul. Registered Number Students. 3213103018. 2014. A Comparative Study in Teaching Reading by Using DRTA (Direct Reading Thinking Activity) and KWL (Know – Want – Learn) Method at Second Year Students of MTsN Kanigoro Kras Kediri in the Academic Year 2013/2014. Thesis. English Education Department. State Islamic Institute (IAIN) Tulungagung. Advisor : Faizatul Istiqomah, M.Ed. Key words : DRTA (Direct Reading Thinking Activity) method, KWL (Know – Want – Learn) method, reading comprehension. Reading may be considered as the most difficult skill that the students think. Therefore reading is the important skill that must be owned by the students. If the students understand what they read probably they will get much knowledge or easily to get some informations based on the text. In addition, many students have difficulty in comprehending the text especially narrative text if without have enough vocabulary. Facing those problem, it can be avoided by using stimulus from the teacher and the suitable method should be created in teaching and learning to help the students in comprehending text. In this reserach, two of the methods used in teaching reading are DRTA (Direct Reading Thinking Activity) and KWL ( Know – want – learn) and then the result of two methods above will be compared. The formulation of the research problems were : 1) How is the student’s score in reading taught by using DRTA method? 2) How is the student’s score in reading taught by using KWL method? 3) Which one is more effective between Direct Reading Thinking Activity (DRTA) or Know – Want - Learn (KWL) in teaching reading to improve the students achievement in reading comprehension? The purpose of this study were to : 1) know how is the student’s score in reading taught by using DRTA., 2) know how is the student’s score in reading taught by using KWL, 3) find out Which one is more effective between Direct Reading Thinking Activity (DRTA) or Know – Want - Learn (KWL) in teaching reading to improve the students achievement in reading comprehension. Research method: 1) the research design in this study was comparative design with quantitative approach, 2) the population of this research was all students of second year at MTsN Kanigoro Kras Kediri, 3) the sample were VIIIE class consisting of 42 students and VIIII class consisting of 39 students, 4) the research instrument was test, 5) the data analysis was using T test. The result showed that the student’s score taught by using DRTA (Direct reading thinking activity) was 87 while the score taught by using KWL (Know – want - learn) method was 80. The Tcount was 4,987. It was higher than ttable at either 5% or 1% significant level. In the 5% level, the value was 1,99 while in 1% was 2,64. So the value was significant at level 1% or 5%. It can be seen that vii
1,99<4,987>2,64. This mean that Ha which states that there is significant different score in teaching reading by using DRTA (Direct Reading Thinking Activity) and KWL (Know – Want – Learn) method at second year students of MTsN Kanigoro Kediri in the academic year 2013/2014 is accepted. Whereas, Ho which states that there is no significant different score in teaching reading by using DRTA (Direct Reading Thinking Activity) and KWL (Know – Want – Learn) method at second year students of MTsN Kanigoro Keras Kediri in the academic year 2013/2014 is rejected. In other words, DRTA (Direct Reading Thinking Activity) is more effective method than KWL (Know – Want – Learn) method in teaching reading at Junior High School level.
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ABSTRAK Faizah, Ismiatul. NIM. 3213103018. A Comparative Study in Teaching Reading by Using DRTA (Direct Reading Thinking Activity) and KWL (Know – Want – Learn) Method at Second Year Students of MTsN Kras Kanigoro Kediri in the Academic Year 2013/2014. Thesis. Program Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris. Institute Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Tulungagung. Pembimbing:Faizatul Istiqomah, M.Ed. Kata kunci : metode Direct Reading Thinking Activity (DRTA), metode Know – Want – Learn (KWL) , pemahaman membaca Latar belakang : memahami sebuah teks dalam proses membaca bisa diartikan sebagai keahlian yang paling sulit dirasa oleh sebagian siswa. Selain itu membaca merupakan keahlian yang sangat penting yang harus dimiliki oleh masing masing siswa. Jika siswa mampu memahami apa yang mereka baca maka mereka akan mendapatkan pengetahan atau dengan mudah memperoleh informasi berdasarkan tekt bacaan tersebut. Selain itu, banyak siswa yang merasa kesulitan dalam memahami tekt jika tidak didasari dengan kosa kata yang cukup. Permasalahan itu bisa dihindari dengan menstimulus murid menggunakan metode yang sesuai dengan pengajaran dan pembelajaran untuk membantu siswa dalam memahami teks. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan dua metode yaitu metode DRTA dan metode KWL dalam proses pembelajaran membaca siswa yang kemudian akan dibandingkan untuk mengetahui metode yang lebih efektif dalam proses belajar mengajar pemahaman membaca siswa.. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah : 1) bagaimana nilai siswa dalam proses pemahaman membaca dengan menggunakan metode DRTA?, 2) Bagaimana nilai siswa dalam proses pemahaman membaca dengan menggunakan metode KWL ?, 3) metode apa yang lebih effektif diantara 2 metode yaitu metode DRTA dan KWL di dalam pembelajaran membaca siswa? Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah : 1) untuk mengetahui nilai siswa dalam proses pemahaman membaca dengan menggunakan metode DRTA, 2) untuk mengetahui nilai siswa dalam proses pemahaman membaca dengan menggunakan metode KWL, 3) Untuk mengetahui salah satu metode yang lebih effektif diantara metode DRTA dan KWL dalam pembelajaran membaca siswa. Metode penelitian : 1) rancangan penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah rancangan komparatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan quantitative, 2) populasi dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas VIII dari MTsN Kanigoro Kras Kediri, 3) sampel dari penelitian ini adalah kelas VIII E yang terdiri dari 42 siswa dan kelas VIII I yang terdiri dari 39 siswa, 4) instrument yang digunakan adalah test, 5) dan data ini dianalisis menggunakan T test Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai siswa dalam membaca menggunakan metode DRTA adalah 87 sedangkan nilai siswa dengan menggunakan metode KWL adalah 80. Thitung adalah 4,987. Thitung tersebut lebih ix
besar pada level signifikan 1% maupun 5%. 2,64 menempati pada level signifikan 1% sedangkan Nilai 1,99 menempati pada level signifikan 5%. Sehingga nilai tersebut dapat dikatakan menempati level signifikan 1% maupun 5%. Hal itu dapat dibuktikan bahwa 1,99<4,987>2,64. Itu berarti Ha yang menyatakan terdapat perbedaan nilai yang signifikan pada pembelajaran pemahaman membaca menggunakan metode DRTA dan metode KWL pada siswa kelas VIII MTsN Kanigoro Keras Kediri tahun ajaran 2013/2014 adalah diterima. Sedangkan Ho yang menyatakan tidak terdapat perbedaan nilai yang signifikan pada pembelajaran pemahaman membaca menggunakan metode DRTA dan metode KWL pada siswa kelas VIII MTsN Kanigoro Keras Kediri tahun ajaran 2013/2014 adalah ditolak. Selain itu metode DRTA merupakan sebuah metode yang lebih efektif dari pada KWL dalam pembelajaran membaca pada level tingkat SMP.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of Alloh SWT The Most Beneficent and The Most Merciful. All praises are to Alloh SWT for all the blesses so that the writer can accomplish this thesis. In addition, may Peace and Salutation be given to the prophet Muhammad who has taken all human being from the Darkness to the Lightness. The writer would like to express her genuine gratitudes to: 1. Dr. Maftukhin, M.Ag who the Chief of IAIN Tulungagung for his permission to write this thesis. 2. Arina Sofiya, M.Pd, the Head of English Education Department who has given her some information so the writer can accomplish this thesis. 3. Faizatul Istiqomah M.Ed, the writer’s thesis advisor, for her invaluable guidance, suggestion, and feedback during the completion of this thesis. 4. Moh. Amak Burhanudin, M.Pd.I, the headmaster of MTsN Kanigoro Kediri who has given the writer permission to conduct a research at this school and also Khafid Syuyuthi, S.Pd who has guide the writer in conducting this research. 5. The second year students of MTsN Kanigoro Kediri for the cooperation as the sample of this research. The writer realizes that this research is far from being perfect. Therefore, any constructive criticism and suggestion will be gladly accepted.
Tulungagung, July 12th 2014 The writer xi
TABLE OF CONTENT Cover ................................................................................................................ i Advisor’s Approval Sheet ................................................................................ ii Board of Examiners’ Approval Sheet .............................................................. iii Motto ................................................................................................................ iv Dedication ........................................................................................................ v Declaration of Authorship ................................................................................ vi Abstract ............................................................................................................ vii Acknowledgement............................................................................................ xi Table of Content ............................................................................................... xii List of Tables.................................................................................................... xvii List of Appendices ........................................................................................... xviii List of Figures .................................................................................................. xix CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Research ............................................... 1 B. Research Problems ............................................................. 6 C. Objectives of the Research ................................................... 7 D. Research Hypothesis ............................................................ 7 E. Significance of the Research ................................................ 7 F. Scope and Limitation of the Research .................................. 8 G. Definition of Key Term ........................................................ 9 H. The Organization of the Research ........................................ 10 xii
CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
A. The Nature of Reading ........................................................ 11 B. The Definition of Teaching ................................................. 13 1. Strategy of Teaching Reading ......................................... 15 a. Pre - Reading .............................................................. 15 b. While - Reading ......................................................... 16 c. Post- Reading ............................................................. 16 2. Reading Skill Exercises .................................................. 16 a. Skimming ................................................................... 17 b. Scanning ..................................................................... 18 c. Thorough comprehension ........................................... 19 d. Critical Reading ......................................................... 19 3. Types of Reading ............................................................ 20 a. Intensive Reading ....................................................... 20 b. Extensive Reading...................................................... 21 c. Aloud Reading............................................................ 22 d. Silent Reading ............................................................ 23 4. The Principle of Teaching Reading ................................ 23 5. Component in Teaching Reading .................................... 25 a. The Goal of the Learning ........................................... 25 b. Interesting Activities and Material in the Class ......... 26 c. Teacher ....................................................................... 27 xiii
d. Media.......................................................................... 28 e. Evaluation................................................................... 29 C. Teaching Reading by Using DRTA .................................... 30 1. Definition of DRTA ........................................................ 30 2. The Purpose in Using DRTA .......................................... 31 3. Some Consideration in Teaching Reading by Using DRTA ............................................................................... 32 4. Steps in Using DRTA ...................................................... 33 D. Teaching Reading by Using KWL ...................................... 34 1. Definition of KWL Method ............................................. 34 2. Steps in using KWL Method ............................................ 35 E. Previous Study ..................................................................... 36
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD A. Research Design .................................................................. 39 B. Population, Sample, and Sampling ...................................... 40 C. Research Variable ................................................................ 42 D. Data Source ......................................................................... 43 E. Data Collecting Method and Research Instrument ............. 44 1. Data Collecting Method ................................................. 44 2. Research Instrument ....................................................... 45 F. Validity and Reliability Testing ......................................... 46 xiv
1. Validity Testing.............................................................. 46 2. Reliability Testing .......................................................... 47 G. Normality and Homogeneity Testing .................................. 49 1. Normality Testing .......................................................... 49 2. Homogeneity Testing ..................................................... 50 H. Data Analysis .................................................................... 51 1. Descriptive Statistic ....................................................... 51 2. Inferensial Statistic ......................................................... 53
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION A. Description of the data ...................................................... 55 1. The Student’s Reading Ability in Comprehending Narrative Text after being Taught Using DRTA (Direct Reading Thinking Activity) Method.................. 55 2. The Student’s Reading Ability in Comprehending Narrative Text after being Taught Using KWL (Know – Want – Learn) Method ..................................... 60 3. The Differences the Student’s Achievement when They are Taught by Using DRTA and KWL Method ............................................................................ 64 B. Hypothesis Testing ............................................................. 70 C. Discussion ......................................................................... 71 1. The Discussion of Student’s Reading Ability Taught xv
by Using DRTA (Direct Reading Thinking Activity) Method .......................................................... 71 2. The Discussion of Student’s Reading Ability Taught by Using KWL (Know – Want – Learn) Method ........ 73 3. The Discussion of between Student’s Reading Ability Taught by Using DRTA (Direct Reading Thinking Activity) and KWL (Know – Want – Learn) Method ............................................................. 75
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion.......................................................................... 77 B. Suggestion .......................................................................... 78 1. For the Teacher .............................................................. 78 2. For the Students ............................................................. 79 3. For the Next Researcher ................................................. 79 REFERENCES ................................................................................................ 81 APPENDICES THE RESEARCHER’S CURRICULUM VITAE
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List of Tables Table
Page
3.1
Reliability Statistic
48
3.2
Cronbach’s Alpha Interpretation Based on Triton
48
3.3
Normality Using One Sample Kolmogorov Smirnov
49
3.4
Homogeneity Testing
50
4.1
Table Frequency of Posttest Using DRTA Method
57
4.2
Table Statistic Data of Posttest Using DRTA Method
58
4.3
Table Categorization Score of Posttest Using DRTA Method
59
4.4
Table Frequency of Posttest Using KWL Method
61
4.5
Table Statistic Data of Posttest Using KWL Method
62
4.6
Table Categorization Score of Posttest Using KWL Method
63
4.7
Statistic Significant Different Score Using DRTA and KWL
65
4.8
Differences of Score Taught by Using DRTA and KWL Method
66
4.9
Table of Group Statistic
68
4.10
Table of Independent Sample Test
69
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List of Appendices Appendix 1
Syllabus
Appendix 2
Lesson Plan
Appendix 3
Material of Doing Treatment
Appendix 4
Posttest Question
Appendix 5
Analyzed Item of Try Out
Appendix 6
Table of T-Distribution
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List of Figures Figure
Page
4.1
Histogram of Posttest Using DRTA Method
57
4.2
Histogram Categorization Posttest Using DRTA Method
59
4.3
Histogram of Posttest Using KWL Method
61
4.4
Histogram Categorization Posttest Using KWL Method
63
4.5
Histogram Categorization Posttest Using DRTA and KWL
67
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