SKRIPSI
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN UNTUK MENENTUKAN ANAK PENDERITA AUTIS BERBASIS EXPERT SYSTEM DENGAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING (SAW)
Oleh: JOHAN SUPRIYANTO 2010-51-162
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK INFORMATIKA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS MURIA KUDUS 20115
i
SKRIPSI
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN UNTUK MENENTUKAN ANAK PENDERITA AUTIS BERBASIS EXPERT SYSTEM DENGAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING (SAW)
Oleh: JOHAN SUPRIYANTO 2010-51-162
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK INFORMATIKA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS MURIA KUDUS 2015
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
ABSTRACT
Autism is a disorder that begins and experienced in childhood, which makes him unable to form social relationships or communications are normal, the child consequently isolated from other humans. The development is impaired, especially in communication, social interaction and behavior. But the problem that arises is how to determine a child with autism or not, as well as the optimal way of handling. Along with the advancement of technology today, there are various problems that can be solved by utilizing one of them by building a decision support system application to determine the autistic children based Expert System with Simple Additive Weighting Method (SAW). The criteria include symptoms of autism in children with autism. From the test results, obtained percentage of symptoms between 0% - 13% were normal, 14% - 42% of the result mild autism, 43% - 71% was the result of autism, 72% - 100% the result is severe autism. Keywords: Autism, Simple Additive weighting, the decision, Expert System
vii
ABSTRAK
Autis merupakan gangguan yang dimulai dan dialami pada masa anak-anak, yang membuat dirinya tidak dapat membentuk hubungan sosial atau komunikasi yang normal, akibatnya anak tersebut terisolasi dari manusia lain. Perkembangan yang terganggu terutama dalam komunikasi, interaksi sosial dan perilaku. Namun permasalahan yang muncul adalah bagaimana cara mengetahui anak penderita autis atau tidak, begitu juga cara penanganannya yang optimal. Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi saat ini, berbagai permasalahan yang ada dapat diselesaikan dengan memanfaatkan teknologi salah satunya dengan membangun aplikasi sistem pendukung keputusan untuk menentukan anak penderita autis berbasis Expert System dengan Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW). Adapun kriteria-kriteria autis meliputi gejala yang muncul pada anak penderita autis. Dari hasil pengujian, diperoleh prosentase gejala antara 0% - 13% hasilnya normal, 14% - 42% hasilnya autis ringan, 43% - 71% hasilnya autis sedang, 72% - 100% hasilnya autis berat. Kata kunci: Autis, Simple Additive Weighting, Keputusan, Expert System
viii
KATA PENANTAR
Skripsi dengan judul “SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN UNTUK MENENTUKAN ANAK PENDERITA AUTIS BERBASIS EXPERT SYSTEM DENGAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING (SAW)” ini dapat penulis selesaikan sesuai rencana karena dukungan dari berbagai pihak yang tidak ternilai besarnya. Oleh karena itu penulis menyampaikan terimakasih kepada: 1. Tuhan Yang Maha Esa yang telah memberikan pimpinan dalam hidupku. 2. Bapak Dr. Suparyono, SH, MH, selaku Rektor Universitas Muria Kudus. 3. Bapak Rohmad Winarso, ST, MT, selaku Dekan Fakultas Teknik Informatika Universitas Muria Kudus. 4. Bapak Ahmad Jazuli, S.Kom, M.Kom, selaku Ketua Progdi Studi Teknik Informatika Universitas Muria Kudus. 5. Ibu Rina Fiati , ST, M.Cs selaku pembimbing Skripsi pertama penulis. 6. Bapak Ahmad jazuli, S.Kom, M.Kom, selaku pembimbing Skripsi ke dua penulis. 7. Semua pihak yang tidak bisa disebutkan satu persatu. Semoga beliau-beliau di atas mendapatkan imbalan yang lebih besar dari Tuhan Yang Maha Kuasa melebihi apa yang beliau-beliau berikan kepada penulis.
Kudus, 5 Februari 2015
Penulis
ix
DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN SAMPUL ............................................................................................. i HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................... ii PENGESAHAN STATUS SKRIPSI ....................................................................... iii PERNYATAAN PENULIS .................................................................................... iv PERSETUJUAN SKRIPSI .......................................................................................v PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI ...................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... vii ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... viii KATA PENANTAR ............................................................................................... ix DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................x DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................xiv DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................xvi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................... xviii BAB I
BAB II
PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................1 1.1
Latar Belakang .................................................................................1
1.2
Batasan Masalah ..............................................................................2
1.3
Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................2
1.4
Tujuan Penelitian .............................................................................2
1.5
Manfaat Penelitian ...........................................................................2
LANDASAN TEORI ................................................................................5 2.1
Penelitian Terkait .............................................................................5
2.2
Landasan Teori ................................................................................6 2.2.1 Pengertian Autis ...................................................................6 2.2.2 Pengertian Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) ...................7 2.2.3 Metode SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) ........................ 10 2.2.4 Expert System ..................................................................... 10 2.2.5 Flow of Document .............................................................. 11 2.2.6 Context Diagram ................................................................ 14 2.2.7 Decomposition ................................................................... 15 2.2.8 Data Flow Diagram............................................................ 15
x
Halaman 2.2.9 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) ................................... 16 2.2.10 MySQL ............................................................................... 18 2.2.11 Komponen SQL .................................................................. 18 2.2.12 Web .................................................................................... 19 2.2.13 PHP (Hypertext Prepocessor) ............................................. 20 2.3
Kerangka Teori .............................................................................. 25
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN .............................................................. 27 3.1
Metode Pengumpulan Data ............................................................ 27 3.1.1 Sumber Data Primer ........................................................... 27 3.1.2 Sumber Data Sekunder ....................................................... 27
3.2
Metode Sistem Pendukung Keputusan ........................................... 27
3.3
Metode Perancangan Sistem .......................................................... 28
BAB IV ANALISA DAN PERANCANGAN ....................................................... 29 4.1. Deskripsi Sistem ............................................................................ 29 4.2. Tujuan dan Pengguna ..................................................................... 29 4.3. Diagram atau Arsitektur SPK ......................................................... 30 4.3.1. Data Internal ....................................................................... 30 4.3.2. Data External...................................................................... 30 4.4. Analisis Kriteria Anak Penderita Autis ........................................... 30 4.5. Perancangan Pohon Keputusan Diagnosa Gangguan Autisme dan penentuan terapi ...................................................................................... 33 4.6. Pembentukan Aturan (Rule) ........................................................... 35 4.7. Diagram SPK ................................................................................. 35 4.8. Perhitungan Metode Simple Addictive Weighting (SAW) ............... 36 4.9. Perancangan dan Pemodalan Sistem............................................... 47 4.9.1. FOD (Flow of Document) ................................................... 47 4.9.2. Decomposition .................................................................... 48 4.9.3. Context Diagram ................................................................ 49 4.9.4. Data Flow Diagram (DFD) ................................................ 50 4.10. Perancangan Database ................................................................... 53 4.10.1. Entity Relationship Diagram .............................................. 53
xi
Halaman 4.10.2. Struktur Tabel..................................................................... 54 4.10.3. Relasi Tabel........................................................................ 58 4.11. Desain Input dan Output yang Diusulkan ....................................... 59 4.11.1. Perancangan layout sistem (antarmuka sistem) .................... 59 4.11.2. Perancangan Form Input ..................................................... 60 4.11.3. Perancangan Form Output .................................................. 65 BAB V
PEMBAHASAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI .............................................. 67 5.1. Kebutuhan Implementasi ............................................................... 67 5.1.1. Analisa Kebutuhan Sistem .................................................. 67 5.1.2. Kebutuhan Perangkat Keras (Hardware) ............................. 67 5.1.3. Kebutuhan Perangkat Lunak (Software).............................. 68 5.1.4. Kebutuhan Sumber Daya Manusia (Brainware) .................. 68 5.2. Halaman Utama Sistem .................................................................. 68 5.3. Menu-menu yang ada pada halaman utama .................................... 69 5.4. Halaman Admin ............................................................................. 70 5.5. Halaman Kriteria ........................................................................... 71 5.6. Halaman Sub Kriteria .................................................................... 72 5.7. Halaman Jenis Gangguan ............................................................... 73 5.8. Halaman Terapi ............................................................................. 74 5.9. Halaman Usia ................................................................................ 75 5.10. Halaman Backup ............................................................................ 76 5.11. Halaman Laporan........................................................................... 76 5.12. Halaman Keamanan Akun ............................................................. 77 5.13. Halaman Menu Terapis .................................................................. 77 5.14. Halaman Data anak ........................................................................ 78 5.15. Halaman Konsultasi ....................................................................... 78 5.16. Laporan Konsultasi ........................................................................ 81 5.17. Halaman Konsultasi Umum ........................................................... 83 5.18. Pengujian Aplikasi ......................................................................... 85 5.18.1. Hasil pengujian untuk proses login ..................................... 85 5.18.2. Hasil pengujian untuk proses Data Anak ............................. 86
xii
Halaman 5.18.3. Hasil pengujian untuk proses Kriteria ................................. 87 5.18.4. Hasil pengujian untuk proses Sub Kriteria .......................... 88 5.18.5. Hasil pengujian untuk proses Usia ...................................... 89 5.18.6. Hasil pengujian untuk proses Jenis Gangguan ..................... 89 5.18.7. Hasil pengujian untuk proses Terapi ................................... 90 5.18.8. Hasil pengujian untuk proses Konsultasi ............................. 90 BAB VI PENUTUP .............................................................................................. 91 6.1. Kesimpulan.................................................................................... 91 6.2. Saran ............................................................................................. 91 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................. 92 LAMPIRAN
xiii
DAFTAR TABEL Halaman Tabel 2.1 Flow of Document ................................................................................... 11 Tabel 2.2 Context Diagram ..................................................................................... 14 Tabel 2.3 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) ........................................................ 16 Tabel 4.1 Tabel Usia ............................................................................................... 30 Tabel 4.2 Tabel Tingkatan ...................................................................................... 30 Tabel 4.3 Jenis Gangguan ....................................................................................... 31 Tabel 4.4 Tabel Gejala Penyakit Autis .................................................................... 31 Tabel 4.5 Tabel Terapi Autis ................................................................................... 32 Tabel 4.6 Tabel Hubungan Antara Jenis Gangguan dan Kriteria .............................. 35 Tabel 4.7 Tabel Keterangan Pohon Keputusan ........................................................ 35 Tabel 4.8 Tabel Bobot Kriteria ................................................................................ 37 Tabel 4.9 Kriteria Kontak Mata Sangat Kurang (C1) ............................................... 38 Tabel 4.10 Kriteria Ekspresi Muka Kurang Hidup (C2)........................................... 38 Tabel 4.11 Kriteria Gerak-Gerik Yang Kurang Tertuju (C3) ................................... 38 Tabel 4.12 Kriteria Menolak Untuk Dipeluk (C4) ................................................... 38 Tabel 4.13 Kriteria Tidak Mengengok Bila Dipanggil (Cuek) (C5) ........................ 38 Tabel 4.14 Kriteria Menangis atau Tertawa Tanpa Sebab (C6) ................................ 39 Tabel 4.15 Kriteria Tidak Tertarik Pada Mainan (C7) ............................................. 39 Tabel 4.16 Kriteria Bermain Dengan Benda Yang Bukan Mainan (C8) ................... 39 Tabel 4.17 Kriteria Tidak Bisa Bermain Dengan Teman Sebaya (C9) ..................... 39 Tabel 4.18 Kriteria Tidak Dapat Apa Yang Dirasakan Orang Lain (C10) ................ 39 Tabel 4.19 Kriteria Kurangnya Hubungan Social dan Emosional (C11) .................. 40 Tabel 4.20 Kriteria Berbicara Terlambat (C12) ....................................................... 40 Tabel 4.21 Kriteria Bicaranya Tidak Dipakai Untuk Komunikasi (C13) .................. 40 Tabel 4.22 Kriteria Menggunakan Bahasa Yang Aneh dan Diulang-ulang (C14) ..... 40 Tabel 4.23 Kriteria Cara Bermain Kurang (C15) ..................................................... 40 Tabel 4.24 Kriteria Mempertahankan Satu Minat atau Lebih (C16) ......................... 41 Tabel 4.25 Kriteria Terpaku Pada Suatu Kegiatan Yang Ritualistic (C17) ............... 41 Tabel 4.26 Kriteria Terdapat Gerakan-gerakan Yang Aneh dan Khas (C18) ............ 41 Tabel 4.27 Kriteria Terpukau Pada Bagian-bagian Benda (C19).............................. 41
xiv
Halaman Tabel 4.28 Hasil Keptusan ...................................................................................... 41 Tabel 4.29 alternatif di setiap kriteria ...................................................................... 42 Tabel 4.30 Tabel Penentuan Terapi ......................................................................... 45 Tabel 4.31 Tabel Penentuan Terapi ......................................................................... 46 Tabel 4.32 Tabel User ............................................................................................. 54 Tabel 4.33 Tabel Anak ............................................................................................ 54 Tabel 4.34 Tabel Kriteria ........................................................................................ 55 Tabel 4.35 Tabel Sub Kriteria ................................................................................. 55 Tabel 4.36 Tabel Usia ............................................................................................. 55 Tabel 4.37 Tabel Jenis gangguan............................................................................. 56 Tabel 4.38 Tabel Terapi .......................................................................................... 56 Tabel 4.39 Tabel Konsultasi .................................................................................... 56 Tabel 4.40 Tabel Perhitungan SAW ........................................................................ 57 Tabel 4.41 Tabel Hasil Konsultasi........................................................................... 57 Tabel 5.1 Pengujian black box pada Form Login ..................................................... 85 Tabel 5.2 Pengujian black box pada Form Data Anak ............................................. 86 Tabel 5.3 Pengujian black box pada Form Kriteria ................................................. 87 Tabel 5.4 Pengujian black box pada Form Sub Kriteria ........................................... 88 Tabel 5.5 Pengujian black box pada Form Usia ....................................................... 89 Tabel 5.6 Pengujian black box pada Form Jenis Gangguan ..................................... 89 Tabel 5.7 Pengujian black box pada Form Terapi .................................................... 90 Tabel 5.8 Pengujian black box pada Form Konsultasi ............................................. 90
xv
DAFTAR GAMBAR Halaman Gambar 2.1 Karakteristik Sistem Pendukung Keputusan ...........................................7 Gambar 2.2 Kerangka Teori .................................................................................... 25 Gambar 4.1 Pohon Keputusan Autisme Pada Anak .................................................. 34 Gambar 4.2 Arsitektur SPK Menentukan Anak Autis Berbasis Expert System ......... 36 Gambar 4.3 Flow Of Document Penentuan Autis .................................................... 47 Gambar 4.4 Dekomposisi Spk Penentuan Anak Autis .............................................. 48 Gambar 4.5 Context Diagram SPK Penentuan Anak Autis ...................................... 49 Gambar 4.6 DFD Level 0 SPK Penentuan Anak Autis ............................................ 50 Gambar 4.7 DFD Level 1 Pada Proses 8 Konsutasi ................................................. 51 Gambar 4.8 DFD Level 1 Pada Proses 10 Konsutasi Umum.................................... 52 Gambar 4.9 Entity Relationship Diagram................................................................ 53 Gambar 4.10 Relasi Tabel ....................................................................................... 58 Gambar 4.11 Desain Utama .................................................................................... 59 Gambar 4.12 Desain Form Konsultasi Umum ......................................................... 59 Gambar 4.13 Desain Form Input Kriteria ................................................................ 60 Gambar 4.14 Desain Form Input Sub Kriteria ......................................................... 60 Gambar 4.15 Form Input Usia ................................................................................. 61 Gambar 4.16 Desain Form Input Jenis Gangguan .................................................... 61 Gambar 4.17 Desain Form Input Terapi .................................................................. 62 Gambar 4.18 Desain Form Input Data Anak ............................................................ 62 Gambar 4.19 Desain Form Memilih Data anak untuk Konsultasi ............................ 63 Gambar 4.20 Desain Form Menentukan Kriteria ..................................................... 63 Gambar 4.21 Desain Form Hasil Konsultasi ............................................................ 64 Gambar 4.22 Desain Form Rincian Konsultasi ........................................................ 64 Gambar 4.23 Desain Form Output Perangkingan .................................................... 65 Gambar 4.24 Desain Form Output Detail ................................................................ 66 Gambar 5.1 Halaman Utama ................................................................................... 68 Gambar 5.2 Halaman Menu Utama ......................................................................... 69 Gambar 5.3 Halaman Menu Admin ......................................................................... 70 Gambar 5.4 Halaman Kriteria ................................................................................. 71
xvi
Halaman Gambar 5.5 Halaman Sub Kriteria .......................................................................... 72 Gambar 5.6 Halaman Jenis Gangguan ..................................................................... 73 Gambar 5.7 Halaman Terapi ................................................................................... 74 Gambar 5.8 Halaman Usia ...................................................................................... 75 Gambar 5.9 Halaman Backup.................................................................................. 76 Gambar 5.10 Halaman Laporan............................................................................... 76 Gambar 5.11 Halaman Keamanan Akun ................................................................. 77 Gambar 5.12 Halaman Menu Terapis ...................................................................... 77 Gambar 5.13 Halaman Data anak ............................................................................ 78 Gambar 5.14 Pemilihan Data anak sebagai Alternatif .............................................. 79 Gambar 5.15 Halaman Pemilihan Kriteria ............................................................... 79 Gambar 5.16 Halaman Hasil Konsultasi Perhitungan SAW ..................................... 80 Gambar 5.17 Halaman Rincian Konsultasi .............................................................. 81 Gambar 5.18 Laporan Konsultasi ............................................................................ 81 Gambar 5.19 Halaman Hasil Print Laporan Konsultasi............................................ 82 Gambar 5.20 Halaman Print Detail Hasil Konsultasi ............................................... 82 Gambar 5.21 Halaman Print Jenis Gangguan dan Terapi ....................................... 83 Gambar 5.22 Konsultasi Umum .............................................................................. 84 Gambar 5.23 Halaman Hasil Konsultasi Umum ...................................................... 84
xvii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Surat Penelitian Lampiran 2 Data Penelitian Lampiran 3 Keterangan Pengujian Sistem Lampiran 4 Buku Bimbingan Lampiran 5 Lembar Revisi
xviii
