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Sylabus Amatir Radio Peraturan radio Peraturan
lingkungan regulasi, PP, UU, KEPMEN G1A General class control operator frequency privileges; primary and secondary allocations G1B Antenna structure limitations; good engineering and good amateur practice; beacon operation; rest G1C Transmitter power regulations; HF data emission standards G1E Control categories; repeater regulations; harmful interference; third party rules; ITU regions ijin amatir radio biaya / fee callsign batasan power / daya pancar batasan 3rd party traffic
G2C Emergencies, including drills and emergency communications T1A Amateur Radio services; purpose of the amateur service, amateursatellite service, operator/primary T1B Authorized frequencies; frequency allocations, ITU regions, emission type, restricted subbands, spec T1C Operator classes and station call signs; operator classes, sequential, special event, and vanity call sig T1D Authorized and prohibited transmissions T1E Control operator and control types; control operator required, eligibility, designation of control oper chipher & secret code T1F Station identification and operation standards; special operations for repeaters and auxiliary stations E1A Operating Standards: frequency privileges for Extra Class amateurs; emission standards; automatic m E1B Station restrictions and special operations: restrictions on station location; general operating restrictio E1C Station control: definitions and restrictions pertaining to local, automatic and remote control operatio E1D Amateur Satellite service: definitions and purpose; license requirements for space stations; available f E1E Volunteer examiner program: definitions, qualifications, preparation and administration of exams; acc E1F Miscellaneous rules: external RF power amplifiers; Line A; national quiet zone; business communicati
Frekuensi Frekuensi & band untuk amatir radio band plan sharing band
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Teknik Operasi Stasiun Amatir Radio Prosedur Operasi
Prosedur & konvensi standard untuk memanggil, menjawab dan berbicara. Memulai dan memutuskan hubungan / kontak. Teknik Pertukaran callsign. G2A Phone operating procedures; USB/LSB utilization conventions; procedural signals; breaking into a QS G2B Operating courtesy; band plans G2D Amateur auxiliary; minimizing Interference; HF operations G2E Digital operating: procedures, procedural signals and common abbreviations G2F CW operating procedures and procedural signals, Q signals and common abbreviations; full break in
Pengetahuan Praktis Operasi
Mengetahui terminologi yang biasa digunakan, seperti, pileup, split, contest, fox hunting. Prosedur repeater, standard split frekuensi repeater. Pengoperasian kontrol standard di transmitter / receiver. T2A Station operation; choosing an operating frequency, calling another station, test transmissions, use o T2B – VHF/UHF operating practices; SSB phone, FM repeater, simplex, frequency offsets, splits and shifts, T2C –Public service; emergency and nonemergency operations, message traffic handling E2A Amateur radio in space: amateur satellites; orbital mechanics; frequencies and modes; satellite hardw E2B Television practices: fast scan television standards and techniques; slow scan television standards and E2C Operating methods, part 1: contest and DX operating; spreadspectrum transmissions; automatic HF f E2D Operating methods, part 2: VHF and UHF digital modes; packet clusters; Automatic Position Reportin E2E Operating methods, part 3: operating HF digital modes; error correction
Kode Q Kode Q yang banyak digunakan di komunikasi amatir radio.
Teknik Radio Dasar Teori Elektronika Dasar Elektronika Atom dan partikel subatomik, elektron, ion. Page 2
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Insulator, konduktur dan semikonduktor. Medan yang dihasilkan oleh arus dan magnet. Tipe batere. T5A Electrical principles; current and voltage, conductors and insulators, alternating and direct current E5A Resonance and Q: characteristics of resonant circuits: series and parallel resonance; Q; halfpower ba E5B Time constants and phase relationships: R/L/C time constants: definition; time constants in RL and R E5C Impedance plots and coordinate systems: plotting impedances in polar coordinates; rectangular coord E5D AC and RF energy in real circuits: skin effect; electrostatic and electromagnetic fields; reactive power
Unit Ukuran Unit dari tegangan, arus, tahanan, impendasi, daya.
Hukum Ohm Perhitungan melibatkan tegangan, arus, tahanan (menggunakan satu tahanan). T5D – Ohm’s Law
Tahanan / Resistansi G6A Resistors; capacitors; inductors Nilai dari tahanan di seri atau paralel (menggunakan dua atau lebih tahanan). Perhitungan melibatkan tahanan kombinasi, tegangan, arus. Tahanan dalam dari batere. G5C – Resistors, capacitors, and inductors in series and parallel; transformers
Perhitungan Daya / Power Perhitungan daya jika di ketahui dua (2) dari tegangan, arus atau tahanan. Daya di tahanan jika di sambungkan secara seri atau paralel.
Arus Bolak Balik
Frekuensi, bentuk gelombang dan unit. Bentuk gelombang, RMS, nilai peak (puncak). T5C Electronic principles; capacitance, inductance, current flow in circuits, alternating current, definition
Kapasitor, Induktif dan Resistor G5A Resistance; reactance; inductance; capacitance; impedance; impedance matching Varisasi dari kapasitansi dengan besarnya plat, spasi. Dielektrik. Page 3
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Variasi dari induktansi dengan diameter, panjang, banyaknya lilitan. C dan L di seri dan paralel. Variasi Reaktansi dari C, L, dengan frekuensi. Impedansi. Induktor Toroid. Trafo, perbandingan lilitan, transformasi tegangan. Resonansi L dan C di seri dan paralel. Nilai Q.
Keamanan / Safety
Prosedur dasar untuk mengangkat seseorang dari tegangan listrik yang hidup. Cara kerja sekering, isolating transformer, RCD (Residual Current Device). Grounding. G0B Safety in the ham shack: electrical shock and treatment, grounding, fusing, interlocks, wiring, anten G0A RF safety principles, rules and guidelines; routine station evaluation Guna dari kabel ground, bagaimana cara menyambungkannya. T0A – AC power circuits; hazardous voltages, fuses and circuit breakers, grounding, lightning protection, b T0B – Antenna installation; tower safety, overhead power lines T0C RF hazards; radiation exposure, proximity to antennas, recognized safe power levels, exposure to ot E0A Safety: amateur radio safety practices; RF radiation hazards; hazardous materials
Semikonduktor Sifat dasar dari material semikonduktor. Sifat dasar dan penggunaan dioda, dioda zener, transistor. T6B – Semiconductors; basic principles of diodes and transistors
Pengenalan Divais
G6B Rectifiers; solid state diodes and transistors; solar cells; vacuum tubes; batteries G6C Analog and digital integrated circuits (IC’s); microprocessors; memory; I/O devices; microwave IC’s G7A Power supplies; transmitters and receivers; filters; schematic symbols Pengenalan nama elektroda dari transistor bipolar, FET, tabung, dari diagram. T6A Electrical components; fixed and variable resistors, capacitors, and inductors; fuses, switches, batter T6D Component functions E6A Semiconductor materials and devices: semiconductor materials (germanium, silicon, Ptype, Ntype); E6B Semiconductor diodes E6C Integrated circuits: TTL digital integrated circuits; CMOS digital integrated circuits; gates E6D Optical devices and toroids: vidicon and cathoderay tube devices; chargecoupled devices (CCDs); liq Page 4
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E6E Piezoelectric crystals and MMICS: quartz crystals (as used in oscillators and filters); monolithic amplif E6F Optical components and power systems: photoconductive principles and effects, photovoltaic systems
Alat Ukur dan Pengukuran
Fungsi dasar dari voltmeter, ammeter, SWR, bridge, power meter. Impedansi dari peralatan ini di rangkaian. Bagaimana cara peralatan di sambungkan. Nilai peak dan RMS. T7D – Basic repair and testing; soldering, use of a voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmmeter E4A Test equipment: analog and digital instruments; spectrum and network analyzers, antenna analyzers; E4B Measurement technique and limitations: instrument accuracy and performance limitations; probes; te E4C Receiver performance characteristics, part 1: phase noise, capture effect, noise floor, image rejection, E4D Receiver performance characteristics, part 2: blocking dynamic range, intermodulation and crossmod E4E Noise suppression: system noise; electrical appliance noise; line noise; locating noise sources; DSP no
Decibel, Amplifikasi dan Attenuasi
Perbandingan daya, tegangan dan arus dalam dB. Gain / penguatan dalam dB untuk sistem yang saling tersambung. G5B The Decibel; current and voltage dividers; electrical power calculations; sine wave rootmeansquare T5B Math for electronics; decibels, electronic units and the metric system
Stasiun Amatir Radio Rangkaian Elektronika
G7B Digital circuits (gates, flipflops, shift registers); amplifiers and oscillators T6C Circuit diagrams; schematic symbols E7 Digital circuits: digital circuit principles and logic circuits: classes of logic elements; positive and negati E7B Amplifiers: Class of operation; vacuum tube and solidstate circuits; distortion and intermodulation; s E7C Filters and matching networks: filters and impedance matching networks: types of networks; types of E7D Power supplies and voltage regulators E7E Modulation and demodulation: reactance, phase and balanced modulators; detectors; mixer stages; D E7F Frequency markers and counters: frequency divider circuits; frequency marker generators; frequency c E7G Active filters and opamps: active audio filters; characteristics; basic circuit design; operational amplif E7H Oscillators and signal sources: types of oscillators; synthesizers and phaselocked loops; direct digital synthesizers Page 5
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Sinyal dan Emisi
G8A Carriers and modulation: AM; FM; single and double sideband ; modulation envelope; deviation; ov G8B Frequency mixing; multiplication; HF data communications; bandwidths of various modes T8A – Modulation modes; bandwidth of various signals T8B Amateur satellite operation; Doppler shift, basic orbits, operating protocols T8C – Operating activities; radio direction finding, radio control, contests, special event stations, basic link T8D – Nonvoice communications; image data, digital modes, CW, packet, PSK31 E8A AC waveforms: sine, square, sawtooth and irregular waveforms; AC measurements; average and PEP E8B Modulation and demodulation: modulation methods; modulation index and deviation ratio; pulse mo E8C Digital signals: digital communications modes; CW; information rate vs. bandwidth; spreadspectrum E8D Waves, measurements, and RF grounding: peaktopeak values, polarization; RF grounding
Arrangement Stasiun HF
Mengerti blok diagam dari stasiun HF biasa. Bagaimana menyambungkan transceiver ke linear amplifier. Low pass filter. SWR, Antenna Switch, Antenna Tuner, Dummy Load dan antenna. Fungsi dasar dari masingmasing blok. G4A Twotone Test; amplifier tuning and neutralization; DSP G4B Test and monitoring equipment G4C Interference with consumer electronics; grounding G4D Speech processors; S meters; common connectors G4E HF mobile radio installations; emergency and battery powered operation T4A – Station setup; microphone, speaker, headphones, filters, power source, connecting a computer, RF g T4B Operating controls; tuning, use of filters, squelch, AGC, repeater offset, memory channels T7A Station radios; receivers, transmitters, transceivers T7B – Common transmitter and receiver problems; symptoms of overload and overdrive, distortion, interfe
Radio Penerima Blok Diagram Penerima Blok Diagram penerima SSB, CW, dan FM. Mengerti fungsi dari masingmasing blok.
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Cara Kerja Penerima
Sensitifitas, Selektifitas, Receiver Noise. Teknik operasi dari superheterodyne, RF amplifier, IF amplifier, mixer, translator frekuensi, sinyal bayang
Radio Pemancar Blok Diagram Pemancar Blok diagram pemancar SSB, CW, dan FM. Mengerti fungsi masingmasing blok. Karakteristik sinyal yang di hasilkan. Amplifier Linier dan Nonlinier.
Teori Pemancar Arti dari “SSB”, “CW”, “FM”. Karakteristik dari sinyal SSB, CW dan FM. Penyebab distrorsi. Distribusi daya di pemancar.
Harmonik dan Parasitik Frekuensi harmonik. Penyebab harmonik dan parasitik di pemancar. Teknik filter untuk mengurangi harmonik dan parasitik.
Catu Daya Catu Daya Batere. Catu daya DC. Guna dari dioda, kapasitor, trafo. Penyearah gelombang penuh dan setengah gelombang. Ripple. Frekuensi.
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Pengaturan dari trafo, penyearah, filter, regulator. Mengetahui fungsi dasar dari masingmasing blok. Guna sekering. Cara operasi switched mode power supply, kelebihan dan kekurangannya.
Dari Pemancar Ke Penerima Saluran Transmisi pembuatan saluran transmisi coaxial pembuatan saluran transmisi twinlead saluran balanced dan unbalanced loss di saluran standing wave, SWR
Antenna
panjang dipole, vertikal di berbagai frekuensi G9B Basic antennas G9C Directional antennas G9D Specialized antennas impedansi, posisi feedpoint matching antenna bandwidth elemen dari antenna yagi, arah radiasi medan E dan H sekitar antenna polarisasi tuning antenna menggunakan induktasi balun G9A Antenna feedlines: characteristic impedance, and attenuation; SWR calculation, measurement and e dummy antenna isotropic antenna T7C – Antenna measurements and troubleshooting; measuring SWR, dummy loads, feedline failure modes T9A – Antennas; vertical and horizontal, concept of gain, common portable and mobile antennas, relation T9B Feedlines; types, losses vs. frequency, SWR concepts, matching, weather protection, connectors E9A Isotropic and gain antennas: definition; used as a standard for comparison; radiation pattern; basic an E9B Antenna patterns: E and H plane patterns; gain as a function of pattern; antenna design (computer m E9C Wire and phased vertical antennas: beverage antennas; terminated and resonant rhombic antennas; e E9D Directional antennas: gain; satellite antennas; antenna beamwidth; losses; SWR bandwidth; antenna Page 8
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E9E Matching: matching antennas to feed lines; power dividers E9F Transmission lines: characteristics of open and shorted feed lines: 1/8 wavelength; 1/4 wavelength; 1 E9G The Smith chart
Propagasi
E3A Propagation and technique, part 1: EarthMoonEarth communications; meteor scatter E3B Propagation and technique, part 2: transequatorial; long path; gray line; multipath propagation E3C Propagation and technique, part 3: Auroral propagation; selective fading; radiopath horizon; takeoff fenomena dasar propagasi di HF, VHF dan UHF lapisan yang merefleksikan sinyal serapan di lapisan D daerah skip, hop, MUF, LUF, OWF solar cycle skywave, ground wave sporadic E great circle path, sudut radiasi, fading doppler karena pergerakan satelit G3A Sunspots and solar radiation; ionospheric disturbances; propagation forecasting and indices G3B Maximum Usable Frequency; Lowest Usable Frequency; propagation "hops" G3C Ionospheric layers; critical angle and frequency; HF scatter; Near Vertical Incidence Sky waves T3A Radio wave characteristics; how a radio signal travels; distinctions of HF, VHF and UHF; fading, mu T3B Radio and electromagnetic wave properties; the electromagnetic spectrum, wavelength vs. frequency T3C Propagation modes; line of sight, sporadic E, meteor, aurora scatter, tropospheric ducting, F layer sk
Interferensi Penyebab dan teknik mengatasi keyclick Penyebab dan teknik mengatasi cross modulasi harmonik yang tidak di inginkan definisi lowpass, bandpass, bandreject, notch, dan highpass filter
Teknik Komunikasi Digital Dasar komunikasi digital Nama dari mode digital yang sering digunakan Prinsip dari system BBS Modem, TNC
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