Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institut of Surabaya – ITS Kampus ITS Sukolilo 60111
Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institut of Surabaya Raya ITS Sukolilo Surabaya 60111
Routing
Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institut of Surabaya – ITS Kampus ITS Sukolilo 60111
Fungsi utama dari lapisan network adalah pengalamatan dan routing Pengalamatan telah kita bicarakan sebelumnya. Routing merupakan fungsi yang bertanggung jawab membawa data melewati sekumpulan jaringan dengan cara memilih jalur terbaik untuk dilewati data Tugas Routing akan dilakukan oleh peralatan jaringan yang disebut sebagai Router
Pendahuluan
Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institut of Surabaya – ITS Kampus ITS Sukolilo 60111
Tugas router memforward data (Fungsi IP Forward harus diaktifkan) menggunakan routing protokol (Algoritma Routing)
◦ PC Router (perangkat lunak untuk routing) ◦ Peralatan khusus yang dirancang sebagai Router
Router berfungsi untuk menghubungkan dua jaringan atau lebih Type router :
Router
Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institut of Surabaya – ITS Kampus ITS Sukolilo 60111
PC Router
Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institut of Surabaya – ITS Kampus ITS Sukolilo 60111
◦ route, zebra etc
For Linux :
◦ HiRouter, WiFi Router
For Microsoft Windows :
◦ Ethernet - Ethernet ◦ Ethernet - WiFi ◦ Serial – Ethernet dan lain sebagainya
OS + routing software At least 2 network Interfaces :
PC Router
Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institut of Surabaya – ITS Kampus ITS Sukolilo 60111
◦ Mikrotik : RouterOS ◦ Cisco Router : IOS
Perangkat yang berisi perangkat keras dan lunak yang didesain khusus untuk melakukan fungsi routing Contoh :
Hardware router
Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institut of Surabaya – ITS Kampus ITS Sukolilo 60111
◦ CAIDA ◦ DIMES ◦ NetView
Kumpulan dari router-router seluruh dunia Project :
Internetworking (Internet)
Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institut of Surabaya – ITS Kampus ITS Sukolilo 60111
◦ Alamat jaringan yang terhubung dan gateway sebelum menuju jaringan tersebut ◦ Metric atau jarak yang diberikan untuk jalur routing ke jaringan tersebut
Atau juga disebut sebagai RIB (Routing Information Base) tabel data routing yang tersimpan di dalam router atau didalam peraltan jaringan yang terhubung dalam jaringan yang berisi :
Routing table
B1
.6
.5
A .1
.6
.10
192.168.1.0/24
.5
A1
Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institut of Surabaya – ITS Kampus ITS Sukolilo 60111
192.168.2.0/24
.1
B
172.16.1.4/30
10.1.1.4/30
Diketahui topologi jaringan seperti di bawah
.10
Contoh tabel routing
Tabel routing di PC B1
Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institut of Surabaya – ITS Kampus ITS Sukolilo 60111
IPv4 Route Table ==================================================== ======================= Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.2 266 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.2.2 266 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.2.2 266 192.168.2.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.2.2 266 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-lin 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.2.2 266 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.2.2 266 ==================================================== =======================
Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institut of Surabaya – ITS Kampus ITS Sukolilo 60111
Distance Vector Link State Hybrid
Secara otomatis router jalur routingnya, dengan cara bertukar informasi antar router menggunakan protokol tftp Kategori algoritma dinamik :
◦ Dynamic Routing
Dibangun berdasarkan definisi dari administrator Administrator harus cermat, satu saja tabel routing salah jaringan tidak terkoneksi
◦ Static Routing
Dua cara membangun tabel Routing :
Cara Membangun Tabel Routing
Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institut of Surabaya – ITS Kampus ITS Sukolilo 60111
Mikrotik Cisco
Contoh kasus : Static Routing
.6
.5
A .1
.6
.10
192.168.1.0/24
.5
Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institut of Surabaya – ITS Kampus ITS Sukolilo 60111
192.168.2.0/24
.1
B
172.16.1.4/30
10.1.1.4/30
Diketahui topologi jaringan seperti di bawah
.10
Static route using Mikrotik
Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institut of Surabaya – ITS Kampus ITS Sukolilo 60111
/ip route add gateway=10.1.1.5 add dst-address=192.168.2.0/24 gateway=172.16.1.2
/ip address add address=10.1.1.6 interface=ether1 add address=172.16.1.1/30 interface=ether2 add address=192.168.1.1/24 interface=ether3
Router A
Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institut of Surabaya – ITS Kampus ITS Sukolilo 60111
/ip address add address=172.16.1.2/30 interface=ether1 add address=192.168.2.1/24 interface=ether2 /ip route add gateway=172.16.1.1
Router B
Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institut 16of Surabaya – ITS Kampus ITS Sukolilo 60111
RTB(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1
To reach hosts like Host X in the 192.168.1.0/24 network:
RTB(config)# ip route network-address mask next-hop-ipaddress
A router must learn about non-directly connected networks. To do this with static routes, Cisco IOS (Internetwork Operating System)
Static Route Examples using Cisco Router
Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institut 17of Surabaya – ITS Kampus ITS Sukolilo 60111
RTB(config)# ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2
To reach hosts like Host Y in the 192.168.4.0/24 network:
RTB(config)# ip route network-address mask next-hop-ip-address
Static Route Examples
Rick Graziani
[email protected]
Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institut 18of Surabaya – ITS Kampus ITS Sukolilo 60111
RTA(config)# ip route network-address mask next-hop-ip-address
What would be the static routes for RTA to reach 192.168.3.0/24 and 192.168.4.0/24 networks?
Static Route Examples
Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institut 19of Surabaya – ITS Kampus ITS Sukolilo 60111
RTA(config)# ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
RTA(config)# ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
The static routes for RTA to reach 192.168.3.0/24 and 192.168.4.0/24 networks:
RTB(config)# ip route network-address mask next-hop-ip-address
Static Route Examples
