Review Fungsi Permintaan

Review Fungsi Permintaan 1. Permintaan terhadap suatu barang, muncul karena ada keinginan, kesediaan, dan kemampuan. Karena itu ada permintaan riil dan permintaan potensial. 2. Mempelajari permintaan berarti mempelajari aktivitas ekonomi dari sisi konsumen. 3. Perlu juga dibedakan : • Permintaan riil dan permintaan potensial • Permintaan individu dan permintaan pasar • Permintaan yang elastis dan in-elastis • Perubahan jumlah yang diminta dan perubahan permintaan 4. Fungsi permintaan dari suatu barang memiliki bentuk standar berslope negatif, meskipun ada yang berslope positif. 5. Dalam mempelajari fungsi permintaan ada asumsi yang disebut dengan citeris paribus ( cp ).

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. + Michael Parkin + Sumber lainnya

Slide 1-1

Demand Price (dollar per tape)

6

e

5

d

4

c

3

Demand for tapes

b

2

a

1 0

2

4

6

8

10

Quantity (millions of tapes per week) Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. + Michael Parkin + Sumber lainnya

Slide 1-2

OHT 2.4

Figure 2.1 Derivation of the market demand curve


Slide 1-3

Some Real-World Price Elasticities of Demand Good or Service Elastic Demand Metals Electrical engineering products Mechanical engineering products Furniture Motor vehicles Instrument engineering products Professional services Transportation services Inelastic Demand Gas, electricity, and water Oil Chemicals Beverages (all types) Clothing Tobacco Banking and insurance services Housing services Agricultural and fish products Books, magazines, and newspapers Food Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. + Michael Parkin + Sumber lainnya

Elasticity 1.52 1.30 1.30 1.26 1.14 1.10 1.09 1.03 0.92 0.91 0.89 0.78 0.64 0.61 0.56 0.55 0.42 0.34 0.12 Slide 1-4

Price

A Change in the Quantity Demanded Versus a Change in Demand Decrease in quantity demanded

Decrease in

Increase in demand Increase in quantity demanded

demand

D2

D0

D1 Quantity


Slide 1-5

Review Fungsi Penawaran 1. Penawaran terhadap suatu barang, muncul karena ada keinginan, kesediaan, dan kemampuan dari produsen untuk menyediakan barang yang diinginkan konsumen 2. Mempelajari penawaran berarti mempelajari aktivitas ekonomi dari sisi produsen. 3. Perlu juga dibedakan : • Penawaran individu produsen dan penawaran pasar • Penawaran yang elastis dan in-elastis • Perubahan jumlah yang ditawarkan dan perubahan penawaran 4. Fungsi penawaran dari suatu barang memiliki bentuk standar berslope positif, meskipun dalam jangka panjang akan berbentuk tegak vertikal. 5. Dalam mempelajari fungsi penawaran juga ada asumsi yang disebut dengan citeris paribus ( cp ). 6. Bentuk umum fungsi penawaran adalah : Qd Cp

= f ( P )  cp. Dengan hubungan yang positif = Teknologi, Mesin, dll


Slide 1-6

Supply Price (dollar per tape)

6

Supply of Tapes

5

e

4

d

3

c

2 1 0

b a 2

4

6

8

10


Slide 1-7

Price

A Change in the Quantity Supplied Versus a Change in Supply S2

Increase in quantity supplied

Decrease in supply

S0

S1

Increase in supply

Decrease in quantity supplied

Quantity Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. + Michael Parkin + Sumber lainnya

Slide 1-8

Price (dollar per tape)

Market Equilibrium Surplus of 2 million tapes at $4 a tape

6

Supply of tapes

5 4 Equilibrium

3 2 Shortage of 3 million tapes at $2 a tape

1 0

2

4

6

Demand for tapes 8

10


Slide 1-9


The Effects of a Change in Demand Supply of tapes

6 5 4 3 2

Demand for tapes (Walkman $50)

1

Demand for tapes (Walkman $200)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Quantity (millions of tapes per week)


Slide 1-10


The Effects of a Change in Supply Supply of tapes (old technology)

6 5 4

Supply of tapes (new technology)

3 2 1

Demand for tapes

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14


Slide 1-11


The Effects of an Increase in Both Demand and Supply Supply of tapes (old technology)

6

Supply of tapes (new technology)

5 4 3 2 Demand for tapes (Walkman $50)

1 Demand for tapes (Walkman $200)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14


Slide 1-12

Price Slide, Rocket, and Roller Coaster


Slide 1-13

Price Slide, Rocket, and Roller Coaster


Slide 1-14

Michael Parkin CHAPTER

11

Output and Costs


Slide 1-15

Total Product, Marginal Product, and Average Product

a b c d e f

Labor

Total product

Marginal product

Average product

(workers per day)

(sweaters per day)

(sweaters per additional worker)

(sweaters per worker)

0 1 2 3 4 5

0 4 10 13 15 16


Slide 1-16


a b c d e f

Labor

Total product

Marginal product

Average product

(workers per day)

(sweaters per day)



0 1 2 3 4 5

0 4 10 13 15 16


4 6 3 2 1 Slide 1-17


a b c d e f

Labor

Total product

Marginal product

Average product

(workers per day)

(sweaters per day)



0 1 2 3 4 5

0 4 10 13 15 16


4 6 3 2 1

4.00 5.00 4.33 3.75 3.20 Slide 1-18

15

d

13 10

TP

c

5 4

Marginal product (sweaters per day per worker)

Output (sweaters per day)

Marginal Product

6

4 3 2

MP 0

1

2 3 4 5 Labor (workers per day)


0

1

2 3 4 5 Labor (workers per day) Slide 1-19

Average product & Marginal product (sweaters per day per worker)

Average Product Maximum average product

6 c d 4.33 4

e

b

f

AP

3 2

MP 0

1


2 3 4 5 Labor (workers per day) Slide 1-20

Total Cost Curves Labor

Output

Total fixed cost (TFC)

(workers (sweaters per day) per day)

a

0

0

b

1

4

c

2

10

d

3

13

e

4

15

f

5

16


Total variable cost (TVC)

Total cost (TC)

(dollars per day)

Slide 1-21


Output




Total cost (TC)

(dollars per day)

a

0

0

25

b

1

4

25

c

2

10

25

d

3

13

25

e

4

15

25

f

5

16

25


Slide 1-22


Output




Total cost (TC)

(dollars per day)

a

0

0

25

0

b

1

4

25

25

c

2

10

25

50

d

3

13

25

75

e

4

15

25

100

f

5

16

25

125


Slide 1-23


Output




Total cost (TC)

(dollars per day)

a

0

0

25

0

25

b

1

4

25

25

50

c

2

10

25

50

75

d

3

13

25

75

100

e

4

15

25

100

125

f

5

16

25

125

150


Slide 1-24

Cost (dollars per day)

150

Total Cost CurvesTC TC = TFC + TVC

TVC 100

50

TFC 0

5

10

15

Output (sweaters per day) Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. + Michael Parkin + Sumber lainnya

Slide 1-25

Cost (dollars per sweater)

Marginal Cost and Average Costs 15

ATC = AFC + AVC MC

ATC AVC

10

5

AFC

0

5


10

15

Output (sweaters per day)

Slide 1-26

Average product and marginal product

Product Curves and Cost Curves 6 AP 4 MP 2 MP and Rising falling MC: rising AP and falling AVC 0

Falling MP and rising MC: rising AP and falling AVC

1.5

Falling MP and rising MC: falling AP and rising AVC

2.0 Labor


Slide 1-27

Average product and marginal product

Product Curves and Cost Curves 12

9 MC 6 AVC 3

Maximum MP and minimum MC

0

6.5


Maximum AP and minimum AVC

10

Labor Slide 1-28

Short-Run Costs of Four Different Plants


Slide 1-29

Long-Run Average Cost Curve


Slide 1-30

Review Fungsi Permintaan

Recommend Documents