RE-ENGINE MOTOR OTTO SILINDER TUNGGAL DENGAN BAHAN BAKAR ETHANOL (E-100) TUGAS AKHIR Diajukan Kepada Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Untuk memenuhi syarat memeperoleh gelar Sarjana (S-1) Teknik Mesin
Disusun Oleh: DANANG SETYO OETOMO 2011 1012 0311 151
JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2016
KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillah, atas karunia dan ridlo-Nya maka skripsi dengan judul “ReEngine Motor Otto Silinder Tunggal Dangan Bahan Bakar Ethanol E-100” ini dapat diselesaikan. Dengan kesadaran penuh, penulis merasa dalam pelaksanaan penelitian dan penyusunan skripsi ini masih banyak kekurangan, sehingga dengan tangan terbuka penulis menerima kritik dan saran untuk dapat memperbaiki riset terkait dimasa yang akan datang. Akhirnya pada kesempatan ini penulis memberikan apresiasi dan ucapan terimakasih kepada pihak-pihak yang telah membantu penelitian dan penyusunan skripsi ini utamanya kepada: 1. Ibu-Bapak: Ibu Nenny, Bapak Atim atas do’a dan dukungan semangat yang telah diberikan selama penulis menyelesaikan studi. 2. Bapak Budiono, S.Si,.MT. selaku Dosen Pembimbing 1 dan juga partner atas perhatian, bimbingan, saran dan arahanya. 3. Bapak Ir. Sudarman, MT. selaku dosen pembimbing 2 atas saran dan arahanya. 4. Bapak Drs. Jufri, S.T., MT dan Ibu Iis, S.T, MT, Ph.D selaku Pembina Mekatronika yang telah memberikan banyak motivasi. 5. Anggota Mekatronika, Tim Bismillah Proto, Tim Genetro Suryo atas sumbangsih tenaga, ide dan pemikiran nya. 6. Dan, semua pihak yang tidak mungkin saya sebutkan satu persatu.
Malang, 22 Januari 2016
DANANG SETYO OETOMO
DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................................ i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN.................................................................................................ii LEMBAR KONSULTASI ................................................................................................ iii LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ............................................................................................... iv ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................................... v KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................................ vi DAFTAR ISI......................................................................................................................vii DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................................viii 1. BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang .........................................................................................................1 1.2 Perumusan Masalah.................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Cakupan Penelitian dan Batasan Masalah ................................................................ 4 1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ..................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................................... 4 1.6 Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................................... 4 2. BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA DAN LANDASAN TEORI 2.1 Pengenalan Motor Bakar .......................................................................................... 6 2.2 Sistem Pembakaran .................................................................................................. 6 2.3 Prinsip Kerja Motor Bakar Otto Empat Langkah ..................................................... 7 2.4 Siklus Ideal Otto ....................................................................................................... 9 2.5 Siklus Aktual .......................................................................................................... 12 2.6 Parameter Unjuk Kerja Motor Otto E-100 ............................................................. 14 2.6.1 Daya................................................................................................................. 14 2.6.2 Torsi ................................................................................................................ 14 2.6.3 Pemakaian Bahan Bakar Spesifik .................................................................... 14 2.6.4 Efisiensi Termis ............................................................................................... 15 2.7 Angka Oktana ........................................................................................................ 15 2.8 Nilai Kalor Bahan Bakar ........................................................................................ 15 2.9 Bahan Bakar Ethanol .............................................................................................. 16 2.10 Kemurnian Ethanol dan Toleransi Air Dalam Ethanol ........................................ 16 3. BAB III METODE PENELITIAN 3.1 Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian ................................................................................ 18 3.2 Material .................................................................................................................. 18
3.2.1 Ethanol ............................................................................................................. 18 3.2.2 Motor Uji ......................................................................................................... 18 3.3 Peralatan Pengujian ................................................................................................ 19 3.3.1 Tachometer ...................................................................................................... 19 3.3.2 Pengatur Bukaan Throttle ................................................................................ 19 3.3.3 Neraca .............................................................................................................. 19 3.3.4 Buret ................................................................................................................ 20 3.3.5 Tabung Bahan Bakar ....................................................................................... 21 3.3.6 Stop Watch ...................................................................................................... 21 3.3.7 Gas Analyzer ................................................................................................... 22 3.3.8 Tools ................................................................................................................ 22 3.4 Tahap Proses Pengerjaan ........................................................................................ 23 3.4.1 Studi Literatur Mengenai Peningkatan Kompresi ............................................ 23 3.4.2 Perhitungan Temperatur dan Tekanan ............................................................. 23 3.4.3 Modifikasi Rasio Kompresi dan Dual Spark Plug ............................................ 23 3.5 Metode Pengolahan Data........................................................................................ 24 3.6 Skema Instalasi Pengujian ...................................................................................... 25 3.7 Parameter dan Tahap Pengujian ............................................................................. 25 3.8 Prosedur Pengujian ................................................................................................. 25 3.8.1 Pengujian Performansi Motor .......................................................................... 25 3.8.2 Pengujian Konsumsi Bahan Bakar ................................................................... 26 3.8.3 Pengujian Emisi Gas Buang ............................................................................. 26 3.9 Diagram Alir Pengerjaan ........................................................................................ 27 4. BAB IV ANALISA DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1 Pengujian Performansi Engine ................................................................................ 29 4.1.1 Torsi Engine ..................................................................................................... 29 4.1.2 Daya Engine ..................................................................................................... 30 4.1.3 Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Engine ........................................................................ 31 4.2 Pengujian Emisi Gas Buang .................................................................................... 34 5. BAB V KESIMPULAN 5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................................. 37 5.2 Saran ....................................................................................................................... 37 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................................ 38 LAMPIRAN....................................................................................................................... 39
DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Langkah proses intake dalam siklus otto 4 langkah ............................. 7 Gambar 2.2 Langkah proses kompresi dalam siklus otto 4 langkah ........................ 7 Gambar 2.3 Langkah proses pembakaran dalam siklus otto 4 langkah ................... 8 Gambar 2.4 Langkah proses pembuangan dalam siklus otto 4 langkah .................. 9 Gambar 2.5 Diagram Tekanan vs. Volume pada siklus ideal otto ......................... 10 Gambar 2.6 Diagram Tekanan vs. Volume pada siklus actual otto ....................... 13 Gambar 2.7 Diagram Suhu vs. Entropi pada siklus otto ........................................ 13 Gambar 2.8 Tabel perbandingan sifat-sifat bahan bakar........................................ 17 Gambar 3.1 Bahan bakar ethanol ........................................................................... 18 Gambar 3.2 Engine Yamaha LM-5 ........................................................................ 18 Gambar 3.3 Tachometer ......................................................................................... 19 Gambar 3.4 Neraca digital ..................................................................................... 20 Gambar 3.5 burret .................................................................................................. 20 Gambar 3.6 Tabung bahan bakar ........................................................................... 21 Gambar 3.7 Stopwatch ........................................................................................... 21 Gambar 3.8 Gas analyzer ....................................................................................... 21 Gambar 3.9 Tools ................................................................................................... 21 Gambar 3.10 Piston ................................................................................................ 24 Gambar 3.11 Combustion chamber ........................................................................ 24 Gambar 3.12 Skema pengujian .............................................................................. 25 Gambar 4.1 Tabulasi data torsi .............................................................................. 30 Gambar 4.2 Tabulasi data daya .............................................................................. 31 Gambar 4.3 Grafik Daya vs. Putaran engine .......................................................... 31 Gambar 4.4 Tabulasi data konsumsi bahan bakar engine ...................................... 32 Gambar 4.5 Tabulasi data akhir konsumsi bahan bakar engine ............................. 33
Gambar 4.6 Grafik konsumsi bahan bakar Gasoline vs. Ethanol ........................... 34 Gambar 4.7 Grafik emisi gas buang CO, CO2 Gasoline vs. Ethanol ..................... 35 Gambar 4.8 Grafik emisi gas buang HC Gasoline vs. Ethanol .............................. 36
Daftar Pustaka Taryono. (2006). Teknologi Budidaya Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas) : Suatu Kajian Pustaka, Makalah Seminar Nasional UGM, 19-20 Desember 2006. Bambang Sulistiyo, Jayan Sentanuhady, Adhi Susanto. (2009). Pemanfaatan Etanol sebagai Octane Improver Bahan Bakar bensin Pada Sistem Bahan Bakar Injeksi Sepeda Motor 4 Langkah 1 Silinder. : Proceeding Thermofluid Seminar Nasional 2009. Atok Setiyawan. (2012). Kajian Eksperimental Pengaruh Ethanol Pada Premium Terhadap Karakteristik Pembakaran Kondisi Atmosferik Dan Bertakanan Di Motor Otto Silnder Tunggal Sistem Injeksi. : Desertasi Universitas Indonesia. Willard W. Pulkrabek. (2000). Engineering Fundamentals Of The Internal Combustion Engine. New Jersey. Prentice Hall.
