ANALISIS PENGARUH KONFLIK PERAN GANDA (WORK FAMILY CONFLICT) DAN STRES KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN WANITA DI PT. TIKI JNE (Jalur Nugraha Ekakurir) Tomang 45
Oleh Heni Suswiani Arti 1301054814
SKRIPSI
PROGRAM SARJANA EKONOMI MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT SCHOOL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT BINUS UNIVERSITY 2013
DAFTAR ISI Halaman Judul Luar .............................................................................................. i Halaman Judul Dalam ........................................................................................... ii Persetujuan Skripsi............................................................................................... iii Persetujuan Hard Cover....................................................................................... iv Pernyataan Dewan Penguji ....................................................................................v Pemberian Hak Cipta Non Ekslusif ..................................................................... vi Abstrak ................................................................................................................. vii Kata Pengantar ................................................................................................... viii Daftar Isi .................................................................................................................x Daftar Tabel ..........................................................................................................xv Daftar Gambar ................................................................................................. xviii Daftar Lampiran ..................................................................................................xix BAB I .......................................................................................................................1 PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................................1 1.1 Latar Belakang ..............................................................................................1 1.2 Rumusan masalah .........................................................................................5 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ..........................................................................................5 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................................6 BAB II .....................................................................................................................8 LANDASAN TEORI ..............................................................................................8 2.1 Kajian Pustaka ..............................................................................................8 2.1.1 Pengertian Konflik Peran Ganda (Work Family Conflict) ..........................8 2.1.1.1 Sumber-Sumber Konflik Peran Ganda (Work Family Conflict) ...........9 2.1.1.2 Dampak Konflik Peran Ganda (Work Family Conflict) .....................13 2.1.1.3 Manajemen Konflik Peran Ganda (Work Family Conflict) ................14 2.1.2 Pengertian Stres ......................................................................................15 2.1.2.1 Pengertian Stres Kerja ......................................................................16 2.1.2.2 Sumber-Sumber Stres Kerja ..............................................................18 2.1.2.3 Dampak Stres Kerja Terhadap Perusahaan ........................................22
2.1.2.4 Dampak Stres Kerja Terhadap Karyawan ..........................................23 2.1.2.5 Manajemen Stres Kerja .....................................................................34 2.1.3 Definisi Kinerja Karyawan ......................................................................27 2.1.3.1 Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Karyawan ................................29 2.1.4 Kajian Penelitian Terdahulu ....................................................................31 2.2 Kerangka Pemikiran ...................................................................................32 2.3 Hipotesis .......................................................................................................33 BAB III ..................................................................................................................36 METODE PENELITIAN .....................................................................................36 3.1 Desain Penelitian .........................................................................................36 3.2 Operasionalisasi Variabel Penelitian ..........................................................37 3.3 Jenis dan Sumber Data................................................................................41 3.4 Teknik Pengumpulan Data .........................................................................42 3.5 Teknik Pengambilan Data ...........................................................................44 3.6 Metode Analisis ...........................................................................................45 3.6.1 Model Likert Scale ..................................................................................46 3.6.2 Transformasi Data ...................................................................................47 3.6.3 Uji Validitas ............................................................................................48 3.6.4 Uji Reliabilitas ........................................................................................50 3.6.5 Uji Normalitas.........................................................................................52 3.6.6 Korelasi dan Regresi ...............................................................................53 3.7 Rancangan Uji Hipotesis .............................................................................57 3.8 Rancangan Implikasi Hasil Penelitian ........................................................48 BAB IV ..................................................................................................................50 ANALISIS DAN BAHASAN ................................................................................52 4.1 Profil Perusahaan ........................................................................................53 4.1.1 Sejarah Singkat PT. TIKI JNE ( Jalur Nugraha Ekakurir) ........................57 4.1.2 Visi dan Misi PT. TIKI JNE ....................................................................59 4.1.3 Struktur Organisasi .................................................................................61 4.1.3.1 Struktur Organisasi Divisi Customer Service ....................................61
4.1.3.2 Struktur Organisasi Accounting.........................................................67 4.2 Profil Responden .........................................................................................67 4.2.1 Status Perkawinan ...................................................................................68 4.2.2 Usia Responden ......................................................................................69 4.2.3 Tingkat Pendidikan Responden ...............................................................70 4.2.4 Profil Responden Berdasarkan Lama Kerja .............................................71 4.2.5 Profil Responden Berdasarkan besar gaji .................................................72 4.3 Transformasi Data Ordinal Menjadi Data Interval...................................73 4.4 Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas ......................................................................75 4.4.1 Uji Validitas dan Uji Reliabilitas Variabel Konflik Peran Ganda (Work Family Conflict)...............................................................................................76 4.4.2 Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Variabel Stres Kerja ..................................78 4.4.3 Uji Validitas dan Uji Reliabilitas Variabel Kinerja Karyawan .................80 4.5 Uji Normalitas .............................................................................................82 4.5.1 Uji Normalitas Variabel Konflik Peran Ganda (Work Family Conflict)....82 4.5.2 Uji Normalitas Variabel Stres Kerja ........................................................84 4.5.3 Uji Normalitas Variabel Kinerja Karyawan .............................................85 4.6 Analisis Statistik Deskriptif.........................................................................87 4.7 Analisis Korelasi ..........................................................................................90 4.7.1 Analisis Korelasi Antara Konflik Peran Ganda (Work Family Conflict) (X1) dan Kinerja Karyawan (Y) .......................................................................91 4.7.2 Analisis Korelasi Antara Stres Kerja (X2) dan Kinerja Karyawan (Y) .....93 4.7.3 Analisis Korelasi Antara Konflik Peran Ganda (Work Family Conflict) (X1) dan Stres Kerja (X2) ................................................................................95 4.8 Analisis Regresi ...........................................................................................96 4.8.1 Analisis Pengaruh Konflik Peran Ganda (Work Family Conflict) (X1) Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Y) ..................................................................... 9 7 4.8.2 Analisis Pengaruh Stres Kerja (X2) Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Y) .... 100 4.8.3 Analisis Pengaruh Konflik Peran Ganda (Work Family Conflict) (X1) dan Stres Kerja (X2) Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Y) .................................. 103 4.9 Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian .................................................................... 107
4.9.1 Ringkasan Hasil Pengolahan Data ......................................................... 107 4.9.2
Pembahasan Ringkasan Hasil Pengolahan Data ............................... 109
4.10 Implikasi Hasil Penelitian..................................................................... 110 BAB V.................................................................................................................. 115 SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................................. 115 5.1
Simpulan ............................................................................................... 115
5.2
Saran ..................................................................................................... 116
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 118 Riwayat Hidup Lampiran - Lampiran Surat Survey
DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1.1 Turnover karyawati Di PT. TIKI JNE (Jalur Nugraha Ekakurir) pada divisi bagian Accounting dan Customer Service ..................................................................4 Tabel 3.1 Desain Penelitian ....................................................................................36 Tabel 3.2 Operasionalisasi Variabel Penelitian ........................................................38 Tabel 3.3 Metode Analisis ......................................................................................46 Tabel 3.4 Skala Pengukuran Model Likert Scale .....................................................47 Tabel 3.5 Penafsiran indeks korelasi .......................................................................50 Tabel 3.6 Tabel Metode analisis Kuantitatif ............................................................54 Tabel 3.7 Koefisien Korelasi Nilai r ........................................................................55 Tabel 4.1 Profil Responden Status Perkawinan .......................................................68 Tabel 4.2 Profil Responden Berdasarkan Usia .........................................................69 Tabel 4.3 Profil Responden Berdasarkan Tingkat Pendidikan..................................70 Tabel 4.4 Profil Responden Berdasarkan Lama Kerja..............................................71 Tabel 4.5 Profil Responden Berdasarkan besar gaji .................................................72 Tabel 4.6 Transformasi Variabel Konflik Peran Ganda (work family conflict) .........74 Tabel 4.7 Transformasi Variabel Stres Kerja ...........................................................74 Tabel 4.8 Transformasi Variabel Kinerja Karyawan ................................................75 Tabel 4.9 Validitas Variabel Konflik Peran Ganda (Work Family Conflict) .............76 Tabel 4.10 Reliabilitas Variabel Konflik Peran Ganda (Work Family Conflict) .......77 Tabel 4.11 Validitas Variabel Stres Kerja................................................................78 Tabel 4.12 Reliabilitas Variabel Stres Kerja ............................................................79 Tabel 4.13 Validitas Variabel Kinerja Karyawan ....................................................80
Tabel 4.14 Reliabilitas Variabel Kinerja Karyawan .................................................81 Tabel 4.15 Test of Normality Variabel Konflik Peran Ganda (Work Family Conflict) ...............................................................................................................................82 Tabel 4.16 Test of Normality Variabel Stres Kerja ..................................................84 Tabel 4.17 Test of Normality Variabel Kinerja Karyawan .......................................86 Tabel 4.18 Intepretasi Nilai Variabel X1, X2, dan Y ...............................................88 Tabel 4.19 Descriptive Statistics .............................................................................89 Tabel 4.20 Korelasi Konflik Peran Ganda (Work Family Conflict) (X1) dan Kinerja Karyawan (Y) .........................................................................................................91 Tabel 4.21 Korelasi Stres Kerja (X2) dan Kinerja Karyawan (Y) ............................93 Tabel 4.22 Korelasi Konflik Peran Ganda (Work Family Conflict) (X1) dan Stres Kerja (X2) ...............................................................................................................95 Tabel 4.23 Variables Entered/Removed X1 .............................................................97 Tabel 4.24 Model Summary X1 ...............................................................................98 Tabel 4.25 Anova ....................................................................................................98 Tabel 4.26 Coefficients ...........................................................................................99 Tabel 4.27 Variables Entered/Removed X2 ........................................................... 100 Tabel 4.28 Model Summary X2 ............................................................................. 101 Tabel 4.29 Anova X2 ............................................................................................. 101 Tabel 4.30 Coefficients X2 .................................................................................... 102 Tabel 4.31 Variables Entered/Removed X1 dan X2 ................................................ 103 Tabel 4.32 Model Summary X1 dan X2 .................................................................. 104 Tabel 4.33 Anova X1 dan X2 ................................................................................. 105 Tabel 4.34 Coefficients X1 dan X2 ......................................................................... 106 Tabel 4.35 Ringkasan Hasil Olah Data ................................................................. .107
DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Kerangka Pemikiran ............................................................................33 Gambar 4.1 Struktur Organisasi JNE ......................................................................64 Gambar 4.2 Struktur Organisasi JNE ......................................................................65 Gambar 4.3 Struktur Organisasi PT. TIKI JNE .......................................................66 Gambar 4.4 Struktur Organisasi Divisi Customer Service .......................................66 Gambar 4.5 Struktur Organisasi Divisi Accounting .................................................67 Gambar 4.6 Profil Responden status perkawinan.....................................................69 Gambar 4.7 Profil Responden Berdasarkan Usia .....................................................70 Gambar 4.8 Profil Responden Berdasarkan Tingkat Pendidikan ..............................71 Gambar 4.9 Profil Responden Berdasarkan Lama Kerja ..........................................72 Gambar 4.10 Profil Responden Berdasarkan Besar Gaji ..........................................73 Gambar 4.11 Grafik Normalitas Variabel Konflik Peran Ganda (Work Family Conflict) .................................................................................................................83 Gambar 4.12 Grafik Normalitas Variabel Stres Kerja ..............................................85 Gambar 4.13 Grafik Normalitas Variabel Kinerja Karyawan...................................87 Gambar 4.14 Bagan Pengaruh X1 dan X2 Terhadap Y ........................................... 108
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Kuesioner .............................................................................................................. L1 Hasil Data Ordinal Quesioner ................................................................................ L7 Data Transformasi Interval dan Rata - Rata .......................................................... L12 Hasil Perhitungan Analisis Validitas dan Reliabilitas Pada Masing-masing Variabel Penelitian Menggunakan Software SPSS ............................................................. L17 Hasil Perhitungan Uji Normalitas Pada Masing-masing Variabel Penelitian dengan Menggunakan Software SPSS .............................................................................. L20 Hasil Perhitungan Analisis Korelasi dengan Menggunakan Software SPSS.......... L23 Hasil Perhitungan Analisis “Pengaruh Antara Konflik Peran Ganda (Work Family Conflict) (X1) terhadap Kinerja Karyawan (Y)” dengan menggunakan Software SPSS .................................................................................................................... L24
KATA PENGANTAR
Dengan memanjatkan puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT, Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. Shalawat dan salam bagi rasulnya-Nya Nabi Muhammad saw atas rahmat dan karunia yang di limpahkan-Nya serta kelancaran dalam proses penulisan skripsi ini sejak awal sehingga skripsi dapat diselesaikan tapat waktu, yang berjudul ANALISIS PENGARUH KONFLIK PERAN GANDA (WORK FAMILY CONFLICT) DAN STRES KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN WANITA DI PT. TIKI JNE (Jalur Nugraha Ekakurir) Tomang 45. Tugas ini merupakan salah satu syarat dalam menyelesaikan program study S-1 pada School of Bussiness Management Binus University. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih atas bimbingan, dukungan serta bantuan dari berbagai pihak yang telah membantu penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Ucapan terima kasih penulis sampaikan kepada: 1. Bapak Prof. Dr. Ir. Harjanto Prabowo, MM., selaku Rektor Universitas Bina
Nusantara. 2. Bapak Idris Gautama, SE., S.Kom., MM., MBA., CBC., selaku Head of
School of Business Management Bina Nusantara University. 3. Bapak Robertus Tang Herman, SE., MM dan Ibu Retno Dewanti, S.SI., MM, selaku Deputy Head of Management Departement, Binus University. 4. Bapak Jerry Marcellinus Logahan, Drs,Msi, selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah banyak memberikan arahan, dorongan serta semangat tersendiri bagi penulis. 5. Ibu Dwi Lestari dan Bapak Fachrul Ichsani selaku pihak yang membantu penulis dalam riset yang dilakukan pada PT. JNE (Jalur Nugraha Ekakurir) Tomang 45. 6. Seluruh staff pengajar Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis atas bekal ilmu dan pengalaman yang telah diberikan. 7. Mama, Mimi, orang tua terkasih yang selalu memberikan semangat tersendiri. Terima kasih atas do’a dan dukungan yang tidak pernah putus. 8. Kang Deden, Kang Aris, Kang guguh, Yayu, terima kasih sebesar-besarnya atas do’a dan dukungannya.
9. Teman-teman terbaik, BCB. Terima kasih untuk do’a dan support yang sudah kalian panjatkan. Love you geng. 10. Geng Sirkus. Bangga punya kalian. Terima kasih untuk waktu, do’a, hiburan dan terutama supportnya selama ini. “Malaikat juga tahu siapa juaranya geng.” 11. Saudara, rekan seperjuangan dan teman-teman yang tidak bisa di sebutkan satu persatu, terima kasih sebesar-besarnya atas do’a yang telah di panjatkan, semoga mendapat balasan yang setimpal. Disadari bahwa dalam penyusunan skripsi ini masih banyak kekurangan yang tentunya tidak lepas dari keterbatasan watu, keterbatasan pengetahuan,dan pengalaman yang dimiliki oleh penulis. Maka, kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun dan memiliki relevansi dengan penyempurnaan tugas akhir sangat diharapkan oleh penulis.
Jakarta, 19 Januari 2013 Disusun oleh
Heni Suswiani Arti
