PERANCANGAN STADION RAYA DI KABUPATEN BLITAR (TEMA: STRUCTURE AS ARCHITECTURE)
TUGAS AKHIR
Oleh: M. AGUS DAROINI NIM. 10660029
JURUSAN TEKNIK ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG 2014
i
PERANCANGAN STADION RAYA DI KABUPATEN BLITAR (TEMA: STRUCTURE AS ARCHITECTURE)
TUGAS AKHIR
Diajukan kepada: Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan Dalam Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Teknik
Oleh: M. AGUS DAROINI NIM. 10660029
JURUSAN TEKNIK ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG 2014
ii
SURAT PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS KARYA
Dengan hormat, Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama
: M. AGUS DAROINI
NIM
: 10660029
Fakultas/Jurusan
: SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI/ Teknik Arsitektur
Judul Tugas Akhir
: Perancangan Stadion Raya di Kabupaten Blitar
Menyatakan dengan sebenar-benarnya bahwa hasil karya saya ini tidak terdapat unsur-unsur penjiplakan karya penelitian atau karya ilmiah yang pernah dilakukan atau dibuat oleh orang lain, kecuali yang secara tertulis dikutip dalam naskah ini dan disebutkan sumber kutipan dan daftar pustaka. Apabila ternyata hasil penelitian ini terbukti terdapat unsur-unsur jiplakan, maka saya bersedia untuk mempertanggungjawabkan, serta diproses sesuai peraturan yang berlaku.
Malang, 19 Sebtember 2014 Yang membuat pernyataan,
M. AGUS DAROINI NIM. 10660029
iii
PERANCANGAN STADION RAYA DI KABUPATEN BLITAR (TEMA: STRUCTURE AS ARCHITECTURE)
TUGAS AKHIR
Oleh: M. AGUS DAROINI NIM 10660029
Telah disetujui oleh: Dosen Pembimbing I
Dosen Pembimbing II
Dr. AgungSedayu, M.T. NIP. 19781024 200501 1 003
Tarranita Kusumadewi, M.T. NIP. 19790913 20060 4 2 001
Malang, 19 Sebtember 2014 Mengetahui Ketua Jurusan Teknik Arsitektur
Dr. AgungSedayu, M.T. NIP. 19781024 200501 1 003 PERANCANGAN STADION RAYA DI KABUPATEN BLITAR (TEMA: STRUCTURE AS ARCHITECTURE) TUGAS AKHIR
iv
Oleh: M. AGUS DAROINI NIM 10660029 Telah Dipertahankan di Depan Dewan Penguji Tugas Akhir dan Dinyatakan Diterima Sebagai Salah Satu Persyaratan Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Teknik (S.T) Tanggal 19 Sebtember 2014 Menyetujui : Tim Penguji Susunan Dewan Penguji Penguji Utama : Arief Rahkman Setiono, MT. NIP. 19790103 200501 1 005
(___________________)
Ketua Penguji
: Elok Mutiara, MT. NIP. 19760528 200604 2 003
(___________________)
Sekretaris
: Aldrin Yusuf Firmansyah, MT. NIP. 19770818 200501 1001
(___________________)
Anggota
: Dr. Agung Sedayu, MT. NIP. 19781024 200501 1 003
(___________________)
Mengetahui Ketua Jurusan Teknik Arsitektur
Dr. AgungSedayu, MT. NIP. 19781024 200501 1 003
v
KATA PENGANTAR Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Segala puji saya panjatkan kepada Allah SWT atas segala ni’mat dan karunia-Nya, sehingga penulis bisa menyelesaikan laporan tugas akhir yang berjudul “Perancangan Stadion Raya di Kabupaten Blitar” dengan baik dan lancar. Sholawat serta salam kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW atas manhaj dan tarbiahnya yang telah mambawa agama suci, agama islam, sehingga dapat membawa umat manusia ke dalam jalan yang benar, jalan Allah SWT.
Dalam menyelesaikan laporan tugas akhir yang berjudul Perancangan Stadion Raya di Kabupaten Blitar ini, saya menyadari bahwa banyak pihak yang telah ikut membantu atas terselesaikannya tugas ini. Untuk itu iringan doa dan ucapan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya disampaikan kepada:
1. Allah SWT yang telah memberikan limpahan karunia, memberikan kesabaran, ketabahan dan kemudahan pada setiap kesulitan dalam perjalanan hidup. 2. Dr. Agung Sedayu, M.T selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Arsitektur Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. 3. Dr. Agung Sedayu, M.T dan Tarranita Kusumadewi, M.T selaku dosen pembimbing pra tugas akhir ini. 4. Orang tua saya yang telah memberikan dukungan baik spiritual dan materil.
vi
5. Semua Bapak dan Ibu dosen Jurusan Teknik Arsitektur Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. 6. Seluruh teman-teman Jurusan Teknik Arsitektur angkatan 2010 Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang yang telah membantu kelancaran dan semangat belajar dalam menyelesaikan laporan tugas akhir. 7. Terimakasih pula pada Sahabat – sahabat tercinta yang telah memberikan dorongan semangat belajar. 8. Dan semua pihak yang tidak bisa saya sebutkan satu persatu yang telah membantu dalam menyelesaikan tugas ini dan telah mendoakan suksesnya laporan tugas akhir ini.
Penulis menyadari tentunya laporan ini banyak kekurangan, oleh karena itu kritik dan saran yang membangunan saya harapkan dari semua pihak demi kesempurnaan karya ini.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Malang, 19 September 2014
M. AGUS DAROINI Peyusun
vii
DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL……………………………………………..……………… i LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS………………………….………. ii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN…………………………………...…..……………. iii ABSTRAK………..……………………………………………………………... iv KATA PENGANTAR.…………………………………………………..………. v DAFTAR ISI………………………………………………………………..……vi DAFTAR GAMBAR…………………………..………………………………... ix DAFTAR TABEL……………………………………………………………..... xii DAFTAR BAGAN……………………………………………………………... xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah .......................................................................................... 5 1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat....................................................................................... 6 1.3.1
Tujuan ................................................................................................... 6
1.3.2
Manfaat ................................................................................................. 6 a. Akademis ........................................................................................ 6 b. Masyarakat ..................................................................................... 6 c. Pemerintah ...................................................................................... 6
1.4 Batasan Masalah ............................................................................................. 7 1.4.1 Lokasi ...................................................................................................... 7 viii
1.4.2 Objek ....................................................................................................... 8 1.4.3 Tema ........................................................................................................ 9 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Kajian Objek ................................................................................................. 10 2.1.1 Kajian Definisi Objek Rancangan ......................................................... 10 2.1.1.1 Definisi Stadion Raya ............................................................. 10 2.1.1.2 Definisi Sepak Bola ................................................................ 10 2.1.2 Sejarah Stadion ..................................................................................... 11 2.1.2.1 Sejarah Sepak Bola Indonesia ................................................ 13 2.1.3 Kajian Arsitektural ................................................................................ 14 2.1.3.1 Fungsi Stadion ........................................................................ 14
Sebagai tempat pertandingan ............................................ 14
Sebagai tempat latihan ...................................................... 14
Sebagai sekolah sepak bola............................................... 15
2.1.3.2 Kriteria Stadion ...................................................................... 15 a. Kondisi stadion ................................................................. 15 b. Sirkulasi ............................................................................ 15 c. Tribun................................................................................ 15 d. Lampu stadion dan genset................................................. 16 e. Jam .................................................................................... 16 f. Layar lebar ........................................................................ 17
ix
2.1.3.3 Kebutuhan Ruang Stadion ...................................................... 17 a. Ruang utama ....................................................................... 17
Stadion ...................................................................... 17
Lapangan pertandingan ............................................. 18
Tribun........................................................................ 20
b. Ruang teknis ....................................................................... 22
Ruang ganti pemain .................................................. 22
Ruang medis.............................................................. 22
Ruang ganti wasit ...................................................... 23
Ruang Inspektur Pertandingan atau Match Officials ... ................................................................................... 23
c. Ruang penunjang ................................................................ 24
Ruang kantor ............................................................. 24
Restaurant dan kafe....................................................25
-
Kafe............................................................... 26
-
Dapur..............................................................26
Parkir ......................................................................... 27 a. Parkir mobil ........................................................ 27 b. Parkir bus ............................................................ 28 c. Parkir motor ........................................................ 28 d. Jenis susunan dan alur parkir .............................. 28
d. Ruang servis ...................................................................... 29
x
Toilet ......................................................................... 29
Loket ......................................................................... 30
e. Olahraga penunjang .......................................................... 30
Tenis ......................................................................... 30
Bola basket ............................................................... 32
Bola volley................................................................ 32
2.1.3.4 Utilitas .................................................................................... 33 a. Transportasi......................................................................... 33 -
Tangga....................................................................... 33
-
Bentuk tangga ........................................................... 33
b. Air Bersih dan Air Kotor .................................................... 34 c. Mekanikal dan Elektrikal .................................................... 34 2.1.3.5 Struktur ................................................................................... 35 a. Jenis pondasi ....................................................................... 35 b. Struktur bentang sempit ...................................................... 36
Struktur rangka kaku ................................................. 36
c. Struktur Bentang Lebar ....................................................... 37
Struktur Rangka Batang (truss) ................................ 37
Struktur Rangka Ruang ............................................. 38
Struktur Cangkang .................................................... 39
Material ............................................................................. 39 a. Beton ......................................................................... 39
xi
b. Baja ........................................................................... 40 c. Alumunium ............................................................... 42 d. Dinding ..................................................................... 43 e. Kolom ....................................................................... 43 2.2 Kajian tema ................................................................................................... 44 2.2.1 Definisi tema Structure As Architecture ............................................... 44 2.2.2 Hubungan antara Arsitektur dengan Bentuk Struktur ........................... 46 2.2.2.1 Struktur Cangkang .................................................................. 46 2.2.2.2 Struktur Membran .................................................................. 47 2.2.2.3 Struktur Rantai ....................................................................... 48 2.2.2.4 Struktur Rusuk ........................................................................ 49 2.2.2.5 Struktur Lengkung .................................................................. 49 2.2.2.6 Struktur Rangka ...................................................................... 50 2.2.2.7 Dinding ................................................................................... 51 2.2.2.8 Bentuk Konsonan ................................................................... 51 2.2.2.9 Bentuk Kontras ....................................................................... 52 2.2.3 Struktur sebagai Eksterior Bangunan .................................................... 52 2.2.3.1 Kualitas Estetika ..................................................................... 53 2.2.3.2 Kedalaman dan Tekstur .......................................................... 53 2.2.3.3 Menghubungkan Eksterior untuk Interior .............................. 54 2.2.3.4 Pintu Masuk ............................................................................ 54 2.2.3.5 Peran Eksperif Struktur .......................................................... 55 2.2.4 Struktur sebagai Fungsi Bangunan ........................................................ 55 xii
2.2.4.1 Memaksimalkan Fleksibilitas Fungsional .............................. 56 2.2.4.2 Pengelompokan Space ............................................................ 56 2.2.4.3 Struktur sebagai Sirkulasi ....................................................... 57 2.2.4.4 Mengacaukan Fungsi .............................................................. 57 2.2.5 Interior Struktur ..................................................................................... 58 2.2.5.1 Permukaan Struktur ................................................................ 58 2.2.5.2 Struktur Spasial ...................................................................... 59 2.2.5.3 Struktur Ekspresif ................................................................... 59 2.2.6 Detail Struktural .................................................................................... 60 2.2.6.1 Detail yang Ekspresif dan Responsif...................................... 60 2.2.6.2 Fungsi Bangunan .................................................................... 61 2.2.6.3 Material dan Konstruksi ......................................................... 62 2.2.6.4 Tindakan Struktural ................................................................ 62 2.2.6.5 Kualitas Estetika untuk Detail ................................................ 63 2.2.6.6 Menitik beratkan pada penerangan buatan ............................. 64 2.2.7 Struktur dan Cahaya .............................................................................. 65 2.2.7.1 Struktur sebagai Sumber Cahaya ........................................... 66 2.2.7.2 Memaksimalkan Cahaya ........................................................ 67 2.2.7.3 Struktur yang Transparan ....................................................... 68 2.2.7.4 Memodifikasi Cahaya ............................................................. 68 2.2.7.5 Termodifikasi oleh Cahaya .................................................... 69 2.2.7.6 Representasi Struktur ............................................................. 70 2.2.7.8 Simbolisme Struktur ............................................................... 70 xiii
2.2.8 Kesimpulan ............................................................................................ 71 1. Eksterior Bangunan ........................................................................ 71 2. Struktur sebagai Fungsi dalam Bangunan ...................................... 72 3. Interior Bangunan ........................................................................... 73 4. Representasi dan Simbolisme ......................................................... 74 5. Skema Tema Structure As Architecture ......................................... 74 2.3 Penerapan Tema dalam Bangunan ................................................................ 75 a. Struktur sebagai Penunjuk Pintu Masuk dan Penggambaran Sirkulasi ...... 76 b. Memaksimalkan Fleksibilitas Fungsional .................................................. 76 c. Permukaan Struktur Interior dan Struktur sebagai Kualitas Estetika Interior ........................................................................................................................ 76 2.3.1 Aspek-aspek tema dalam aplikasi .............................................................. 76 a. Estetika ....................................................................................................... 76 b. Efisien ......................................................................................................... 77 c. Kokoh ......................................................................................................... 77 d. Canggih ...................................................................................................... 77 e. Fungsional .................................................................................................. 77 f. Seimbang ..................................................................................................... 77 2.2.9 Kajian Integrasi ..................................................................................... 77 2.2.9.1 Kajian Integrasi Objek............................................................ 77 2.2.9.2 Kajian Itegrasi Tema .............................................................. 79 2.4 Studi Banding ................................................................................................ 83 a. Studi Banding Tema ................................................................................... 83 xiv
Struktur sebagai bagian estetika ................................................... 83
Struktur sebagai pemberi kesan pada pintu masuk....................... 84
Struktur sebagai penunjuk arah .................................................... 84
Struktur sebagai elemen visual dari interior bangunan ................ 84
Struktur sebagai zoning ruang ...................................................... 86
Struktur sebagai sumber cahaya untuk interior ............................ 86
Struktur sebagai simbolis ............................................................. 87
b. Studi Banding Objek .................................................................................. 87
Lokasi ........................................................................................... 88
Sirkulasi ........................................................................................ 89 -
Pencapaian ........................................................................ 89
-
Pintu utama ....................................................................... 89
Jalur konfigurasi pada bangunan .................................................. 90
Struktur pada bangunan ................................................................ 90
Utilitas .......................................................................................... 91
Sistem transportasi ....................................................................... 91
Sistem Mekanikal Electrikal......................................................... 91
Sistem air bersih dan hydran ........................................................ 92
BAB III METODE PERANCANGAN 3.1 Ide Perancangan ............................................................................................ 94 3.2 Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................... 95
xv
3.3 Tujuan ........................................................................................................... 95 3.4 Pengumpulan Data ........................................................................................ 96 3.4.1 Data Primer............................................................................................ 96 a. Observasi Tapak ............................................................................. 96 b. Observasi Objek Banding ............................................................... 97
Tribun................................................................................ 97
Sirkulasi penonton ............................................................ 97
Lapangan ........................................................................... 97
Interior .............................................................................. 97
Teknis................................................................................ 98
c. Dokumentasi ................................................................................... 98 3.4.2 Data Sekunder ....................................................................................... 98 a. Studi Literatur ................................................................................. 98 b. Studi Banding ................................................................................. 99 c. Studi Integrasi Keislaman ............................................................... 99 3.5 Pengolahan Data.......................................................................................... 100 3.5.1 Kondisi Eksisting ................................................................................ 100 3.5.2 Analisis ................................................................................................ 100 a. Analisis tapak ............................................................................... 100 b. Analisis iklim ............................................................................... 101 c. Analisis Bentuk............................................................................. 102 d. Analisis Struktur ........................................................................... 102
xvi
e. Analisis Utilitas ............................................................................ 103 f. Analisis Fungsi .............................................................................. 103 g. Analisis Ruang ............................................................................. 103 h. Analisis Aktifitas .......................................................................... 104 3.5.3 Konsep Perancangan ........................................................................... 104 3.7 Alur Perancangan ........................................................................................ 105 BAB IV ANALISIS PERANCANGAN 4.1 Analisis Ruang ............................................................................................ 106 4.1.1 Analisis Fungsi .................................................................................... 106 4.1.1.1 Fungsi Primer ....................................................................... 106 a. Sebagai tempat pertandingan ............................................ 106 b. Sebagai latihan sepak bola ................................................ 107 c. Sebagai sekolah sepak bola ............................................... 107 4.1.1.2 Fungsi Sekunder ................................................................... 107 a. Loket (tempat penjualan tiket) .......................................... 107 b. Sebagai tempat meeting .................................................... 107 c. Ruang teknis...................................................................... 108 4.1.1.3 Fungsi penunjang ................................................................. 108 a. Ruang pengelola................................................................ 108 b. Ruang administrasi dan ruang kantor ............................... 108 c. Toilet ................................................................................. 108 d. tempat makan .................................................................... 109 xvii
e. Tempat penjualan .............................................................. 109 f. Tempat parkir .................................................................... 109 g. Lapangan olahraga penunjang .......................................... 109 h. Pos satpam ........................................................................ 109 i. Gudang............................................................................... 110 4.3.2 Analisis aktivitas ................................................................................. 110 4.3.3 Analisis pengguna ............................................................................... 111 4.3.4 Analisis ruang ...................................................................................... 115 4.3.5 Analisis hubungan antar ruang ............................................................ 119 4.3.6 Analisis Zoning ruang ......................................................................... 121 ANALISIS TAPAK 4.1 Data eksisting tapak .................................................................................... 123 4.1.1 Gambaran umum lokasi tapak ............................................................. 123 a.Kondisi eksisting tapak (bentuk, ukuran, dan fisik tapak) ............ 123 b. Kondisi lingkungan tapak ............................................................. 124 c. Ukuran tapak................................................................................. 125 d. Potensi tapak................................................................................. 126 4.2 Analisis tapak .............................................................................................. 126 4.2.1 Tatanan massa ..................................................................................... 127 4.2.2 Kebisingan ........................................................................................... 128 4.2.3 Vegetasi ............................................................................................... 131 4.2.4 View .................................................................................................... 133 4.2.5 Matahari............................................................................................... 135 xviii
4.2.6 Angin ................................................................................................... 138 4.2.7 Air hujan .............................................................................................. 140 4.2.8 Sirkulasi ............................................................................................... 142 4.2.9 Aksesbilitas dan sistem parkir ............................................................. 144 4.2.10 Utilitas ............................................................................................... 146 4.2.11 Struktur .............................................................................................. 150
BAB V KONSEP PERANCANGAN 5.1 Konsep dasar ............................................................................................... 154 5.2 Konsep bentuk ............................................................................................. 156 5.3 Konsep tapak ............................................................................................... 160 5.4 Konsep ruang .............................................................................................. 161 5.5 Zoning Ruang .............................................................................................. 162 5.5.1 Organisasi ruang................................................................................. 162 5.6 Konsep utilitas............................................................................................. 163 BAB VI HASIL RANCANGAN 6.1 Dasar Rancangan ......................................................................................... 165 6.2 Hasil Rancangan Tapak............................................................................... 165 6.2.1 Pola Tatanan Massa ........................................................................... 165 6.2.2 Aksesibilitas dan Srikulasi ................................................................. 166 6.2.3 Pemanfaatan Potensi Tapak ............................................................... 167 xix
6.2.3.1 Vegetasi .................................................................................. 167 6.2.3.2 Angin ...................................................................................... 169 6.2.3.3 View ....................................................................................... 170 6.2.4 Pencahayaan dam Penghawaan ......................................................... 171 6.2.4.1 Pencahayaan ........................................................................... 171 6.2.4.2 Penghawaan............................................................................ 172 6.3 Hasil Rancangan Ruang .............................................................................. 173 6.4 Hasil Rancangan Bentuk ............................................................................. 175 6.5 Hasil Rancangan Struktur ........................................................................... 177 6.6 Hasil Rancangan Utilitas ............................................................................. 178 6.6.1 Utilitas Plumbing/Kebakaran ............................................................ 178 6.6.2 Utilitas Listrik ................................................................................... 180 6.6.4 Utilitas Titik Lampu .......................................................................... 181 BAB VII PENUTUP 7.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................. 182 7.2 Saran ............................................................................................................ 183 Daftar Pustaka
xx
DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1.1 Peta Kabupaten Blitar........................................................................ 7 Gambar 1.2 Peta Kecamatan Kanigoro ................................................................. 7 Gambar 2.1 Detail ukuran stadion komplek bersama ......................................... 17 Gambar 2.2 Detail ukuran tribun komplek bersama ........................................... 18 Gambar 2.3 Ukuran lapangan sepak bola ........................................................... 19 Gambar 2.4 Detail ukuran tribun ........................................................................ 21 Gambar 2.5 Gambar ruang ganti pemain ............................................................ 22 Gambar 2.6 Gambar ruang medis vip ................................................................. 23 Gambar 2.7 Gambar ukuran minimum ruang kantor .......................................... 24 Gambar 2.8 Detail ukuran perabot ruang kantor ................................................. 24 Gambar 2.9 Detail ukuran meja makan............................................................... 25 Gambar 2.10 Detail ukuran meja makan dan jarak sirkulasi .............................. 25 Gambar 2.11 Detail ukuran meja makan dan jarak sirkulasi untuk kafe ............ 26 Gambar 2.12 Detail ukuran meja makan dan jarak sirkulasi untuk kafe ............ 26 Gambar 2.13 Detail ukuran mobil....................................................................... 27 Gambar 2.14 Detail ukuran bus .......................................................................... 28 Gambar 2.15 Detail ukuran sepeda motor dan sepeda ........................................ 28 Gambar 2.16 Jenis susunan parkir ...................................................................... 28 Gambar 2.17 Jenis jalur parkir ............................................................................ 29 Gambar 2.18 Ukuran kloset dan wastafel ........................................................... 29 Gambar 2.19 Ukuran toilet dengan urinoir ......................................................... 30 xxi
Gambar 2.20 Toilet berdasarkan arah bukaan..................................................... 30 Gambar 2.21 Detail ukuran lapangan tenis ......................................................... 31 Gambar 2.22 Detail ukuran lapangan bola basket .............................................. 32 Gambar 2.23 Detail ukuran lapngan bola volley ................................................ 33 Gambar 2.24 Jenis ukuran lebar tangga .............................................................. 33 Gambar 2.25 Jenis bentuk tangga ....................................................................... 34 Gambar 2.26 Detail ukuran ramp ........................................................................ 34 Gambar 2.27 Detail pondasi tiang pancang ........................................................ 36 Gambar 2.28 Pondasi tiang pancang ................................................................... 36 Gambar 2.29 Struktur rangka kaku ..................................................................... 36 Gambar 2.30 Detail struktur rangka kaku ........................................................... 37 Gambar 2.31 Struktur rangka .............................................................................. 38 Gambar 2.32 Struktur rangka ruang .................................................................... 38 Gambar 2.33 Beton ............................................................................................. 33 Gambar 2.34 Jenis baja ....................................................................................... 40 Gambar 2.35 Jenis alumunium............................................................................ 43 Gambar 2.36 Dinding .......................................................................................... 43 Gambar 2.37 Kolom ............................................................................................ 44 Gambar 2.38 Struktur cangkang berbahan beton ................................................ 47 Gambar 2.39 Struktur cangkang biometrik ......................................................... 47 Gambar 2.40 Struktur membran .......................................................................... 48 Gambar 2.41 Struktur rantai................................................................................ 49 Gambar 2.42 Struktur rusuk ................................................................................ 49 xxii
Gambar 2.43 Struktur lengkung .......................................................................... 50 Gambar 2.44 Struktur rangka .............................................................................. 50 Gambar 2.45 Struktur dinding sebagai visual dan interior ................................. 51 Gambar 2.46 Bentuk konsonan ........................................................................... 51 Gambar 2.47 Exchange house london england ................................................... 52 Gambar 2.48 Bandara stuttgart ........................................................................... 52 Gambar 2.49 Hongkong and shanghai bank ....................................................... 53 Gambar 2.50 Kedalaman dan tekstur .................................................................. 54 Gambar 2.51 Kedalaman dan tekstur .................................................................. 54 Gambar 2.52 Cite de la musique paris prancis .................................................... 55 Gambar 2.53 S. Gorgio magiore dan parc guell.................................................. 55 Gambar 2.54 Terbukanya ruang interior dengan bebas kolom ........................... 56 Gambar 2.55 Main interior pool dan nemausus apartments nimes france .......... 57 Gambar 2.56 San cataldo cemetery dan bilbao metro......................................... 57 Gambar 2.57 A column dominates the thinking room dan Research Centre ............................................................................................................................. 58 Gambar 2.58 Güell Colony Crypt dan Building Industry School ....................... 59 Gambar 2.59 Hall, Wohlen High School ............................................................ 59 Gambar 2.60 Channel 4 Headquarters, Props pass through a central column, dan Courtyard Oxford University Museum ............................................................... 60 Gambar 2.61 Grand louvre dan gedung kantor suhr ........................................... 61 Gambar 2.62 Gedung kantor tobias grau ............................................................ 62
xxiii
Gambar 2.63 Fisher Center, Bard College Fabrica (Benetton Communication Research Centre) ................................................................................................. 62 Gambar 2.64 Stasiun kereta stadelhofen zurich swiss ........................................ 63 Gambar 2.65 Bracken house london inggris ....................................................... 64 Gambar 2.66 Stadelhofen Railway Station, Zürich Switzerland ........................ 65 Gambar 2.67 Faculty of Law Building Cambridge England .............................. 65 Gambar 2.68 Cahaya melewati kerangka............................................................ 66 Gambar 2.69 Stasiun kereta api di bandara satolas lyons prancis....................... 67 Gambar 2.70 Trade Fair Kaca Hall, Leipzig Jerman dan School di Wina Austria . ............................................................................................................................. 67 Gambar 2.71 Broadfield house glass museum .................................................... 68 Gambar 2.72 Town administration centre ........................................................... 69 Gambar 2.73 Monchengladbach museum ........................................................... 69 Gambar 2.74 Stasiun oriente lisbon portugal ...................................................... 70 Gambar 2.75 Federation square melbourne australia .......................................... 71 Gambar 2.76 Bilbao Metro, Bilbao, Spain, Foster and Partners, 1996 ............... 81 Gambar 2.77 Timber Showroom, Hergatz, Germany ......................................... 82 Gambar 2.78 Saint Massimiliano Kolbe church, Varese, Italy, Justus Dahinden, 1994 ..................................................................................................................... 82 Gambar 2.79 Crematorium Baumschulenweg, Berlin Germany ....................... 83 Gambar 2.80 Crematorium Baumschulenweg, Berlin Germany ........................ 84 Gambar 2.81 Crematorium Baumschulenweg, Berlin Germany ........................ 84 Gambar 2.82 Crematorium Baumschulenweg, Berlin Germany ........................ 84 xxiv
Gambar 2.83 Crematorium Baumschulenweg, Berlin Germany ........................ 85 Gambar 2.84 Crematorium Baumschulenweg, Berlin Germany ........................ 85 Gambar 2.85 Crematorium Baumschulenweg, Berlin Germany ........................ 86 Gambar 2.86 Crematorium Baumschulenweg, Berlin Germany ........................ 86 Gambar 2.87 Crematorium Baumschulenweg, Berlin Germany ........................ 87 Gambar 2.88 Lapisan tanah................................................................................. 88 Gambar 2.89 Site plan stadion ............................................................................ 88 Gambar 2.90 Tampak depan ............................................................................... 88 Gambar 2.91 Site plan stadion ............................................................................ 89 Gambar 2.92 Pintu masuk utama ........................................................................ 89 Gambar 2.93 Konfigurasi sirkulasi ..................................................................... 90 Gambar 2.94 Struktur rangka ruang .................................................................... 90 Gambar 2.95 Sistem transportasi ........................................................................ 91 Gambar 2.96 Sistem utilitas ................................................................................ 93 Gambar 4.1 Peta lokasi tapak ............................................................................ 124 Gambar 4.2 Kondisi lingkungan tapak.............................................................. 125 Gambar 4.3 Dimensi tapak ................................................................................ 125 Gambar 4.4 Saluran riol kota pada tapak .......................................................... 126 Gambar 4.5 Alternatif 1 analisis bentuk dan tatanan massa ............................. 127 Gambar 4.6 Alternatif 2 analisis bentuk dan tatanan massa ............................. 127 Gambar 4.7 Alternatif 3 analisis bentuk dan tatanan massa ............................. 128 Gambar 4.8 Alternatif 1 analisis kebisingan ..................................................... 129 Gambar 4.9 Pohon cemara ................................................................................ 129 xxv
Gambar 4.10 Alternatif 2 analisis kebisingan ................................................... 130 Gambar 4.11 Alternatif 3 analisis kebisingan ................................................... 131 Gambar 4.12 Pohon tanjung dan cemara .......................................................... 131 Gambar 4.13 Alternatif 1 analisis vegetasi ....................................................... 131 Gambar 4.14 Alternatif 2 analisis vegetasi ....................................................... 132 Gambar 4.15 Alternatif 3 analisis vegetasi ....................................................... 132 Gambar 4.16 Alternatif 1 analisis view............................................................. 133 Gambar 4.17 Alternatif 2 analisis view............................................................. 134 Gambar 4.18 Alternatif 3 analisis view............................................................. 135 Gambar 4.19 Alternatif 1 analisis matahari ..................................................... `136 Gambar 4.20 Alternatif 2 analisis matahari ...................................................... 137 Gambar 4.21 Alternatif 3 analisis matahari ...................................................... 137 Gambar 4.22 Alternatif 1 analisis angin ........................................................... 138 Gambar 4.23 Alternatif 2 analisis angin ........................................................... 139 Gambar 4.24 Alternatif 3 analisis angin ........................................................... 140 Gambar 4.25 Alternatif 1 analisis air hujan ...................................................... 141 Gambar 4.26 Alternatif 2 analisis air hujan ...................................................... 141 Gambar 4.27 Alternatif 3 analisis air hujan ...................................................... 142 Gambar 4.28 Alternatif 1 Analisis sirkulasi...................................................... 142 Gambar 4.29 Alternatif 2 Analisis sirkulasi...................................................... 143 Gambar 4.30 ALternatif 3 Analisis sirkulasi .................................................... 143 Gambar 4.31 Alternatif 1 analisis aksesbilitas dan parkir................................. 144 Gambar 4.32 Alternatif 2 analisis aksesbilitas dan parkir................................. 145 xxvi
Gambar 4.33 Alternatif 3 analisis aksesbilitas dan parkir................................. 146 Gambar 4.34 Alternatif 1 analisis utilitas ......................................................... 147 Gambar 4.35 Alternatif 2 analisis utilitas ......................................................... 148 Gambar 4.36 Alternatif 3 analisis utilitas ......................................................... 149 Gambar 4.37 Alternatif 1 analisis struktur ........................................................ 150 Gambar 4.38 Alternatif 2 analisis struktur ........................................................ 151 Gambar 4.39 Alternatif 3 analisis struktur ........................................................ 151 Gambar 4.40 Alternatif 4 analisis struktur ........................................................ 152 Gambar 5.4 Konsep ruang stadion .................................................................... 161 Gambar 5.5 Zoning Ruang ................................................................................ 162 Gambar 5.6 Sistem utilitas bangunan................................................................ 164 Gambar 6.1 Zoning Tapak ................................................................................ 166 Gambar 6.2 Aksesibiltas dan Sirkulasi ............................................................. 167 Gambar 6.3 Vegetasi ......................................................................................... 168 Gambar 6.4 Angin ............................................................................................. 169 Gambar 6.5 Kisi-kisi pada setiap bangunan ...................................................... 169 Gambar 6.6 View tapak..................................................................................... 170 Gambar 6.7 View bangunan .............................................................................. 171 Gambar 6.8 Pencahyaan bangunan ................................................................... 171 Gambar 6.9 Penghawaan tapak ......................................................................... 172 Gambar 6.10 Penghawaan stadion .................................................................... 172 Gambar 6.11 Penghawaan cafe ......................................................................... 173 Gambar 6.12 Penghawaan musholla ................................................................. 173 xxvii
Gambar 6.13 Penghawaan took souvenir .......................................................... 173 Gambar 6.14 Interior stadion ............................................................................ 174 Gambar 6.15 Interior bangunan penunjang ....................................................... 174 Gambar 6.16 Interior bangunan penunjang ....................................................... 175 Gambar 6.17 Hasil rancangan bentuk ............................................................... 176 Gambar 6.18 Bentuk rancangan ........................................................................ 176 Gambar 6.19 Hasil rancangan struktur ............................................................. 177 Gambar 6.20 Hasil rancangan struktur pondasi ................................................ 177 Gambar 6.21 Struktur pada cafe........................................................................ 178 Gambar 6.22 Sistem pumbling kawasan ........................................................... 179 Gambar 6.23 Sistem listrik kawasan ................................................................. 180 Gambar 6.24 Sistem titik lampu bangunan ....................................................... 181
xxviii
DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Standart lapangan olahraga ................................................................. 18 Tabel 2.2 Standart lapangan olahraga sepak bola ............................................... 19 Tabel 2.3 Standar jumlah parkir .......................................................................... 27 Tabel 2.4 Prinsip-prinsip nilai keislaman terhadap obyek dan tema .................. 81 Tabel 4.1 Analisis aktivitas ............................................................................... 110 Tabel 4.2 Analisis pengguna ............................................................................. 111 Tabel 4.3 Analisis ruang ................................................................................... 115
xxix
DAFTAR BAGAN Bagan 2.1 Sistem listrik dan telfon ..................................................................... 92 Bagan 2.2 Sistem utilitas ..................................................................................... 70 Bagan 3.1 Alur perancangan Stadion Raya....................................................... 105 Bagan 5.1 Keterkaitan perancangan dengan struktur ........................................ 154 Bagan 5.2 Konsep dasar .................................................................................... 155 Bagan 5.3 Organisasi ruang stadion .................................................................. 163 Bagan 6.1 System plumbing ............................................................................. 179
xxx
ABSTRAK ‘Daroini, M. Agus. 2014. Perancangan Stadion Raya di Kabupaten Blitar Dosen Pembimbing: Dr. Agung Sedayu, M.T. Tarranita Kusumadewi, M.T Kata Kunci: Perancangan Stadion Raya di Kabupaten Blitar.”Structure As Architecture” Sepakbola adalah sebuah olahraga yang sangat digemari oleh sebagian besar masyarakat di dunia. Penggemar olahraga yang satu ini sama sekali tidak mengenal usia, jenis kelamin, agama maupun suku bangsa. Di dalam olahraga sepakbola itu sendiri, setiap individu bebas mengekspresikan kecintaan mereka akan sepakbola dan tim-tim yang mereka dukung dan pemain sepakbola yang mereka puja. Namun tidak setiap individu mengerti benar sejarah sepakbola dunia. Dari mana sepakbola berasal dan bagaimana sepakbola menjadi olahraga yang sangat populer. Indonesia sendiri merupakan Negara yang banyak memiliki banyak tim-tim sepakbola yang tersebar di seluruh indonesia, dimana antusias masyarakat Indonesia sangat besar terhadap olahraga sepakbola dari segi dukungan kecintaanya terhadap tim-tim sepakbola. Namun, dengan besar dan banyaknya tim-tim sepakbola tidak didukung oleh adanya fasilitas stadion yang berstandar internasional, dimana di Indonesia sendiri kebanyakan stadion memiliki gaya arsitektur yang sudah ketinggalan zaman dan arsitektur yang kurang mempertimbangkan potensi dan antusias masyarakat terhadap sepakbola itu sendiri. Permasalahan saat ini, bisa diatasi dengan kebijakan nasional yang mengatur keberlanjutan tentang pembangunan stadion yang berstandar internasional demi kemajuan olahraga di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, pentingnya perancangan Stadion Raya yang berstandar internasional di Indonesia pada Kabupaten Blitar sebagai sarana untuk mendorong kemajuan Negara Indonesia sendiri, khususnya dalam olahraga sepakbola dan dengan pengunaan tema Structure As Architecture pada perancangan akan menjadikan perancangan memiliki nilai lebih, yang menerapkan prinsip-prinsip tema ke dalam bangunan dengan mencitrakan perancangan yang berteknologi tinggi.
xxxi
ABSTRACT 'Daroini, M. Agus. 2014 Stadium Design Kingdom in Blitar Supervisor: Dr. Agung Sedayu, M.T. Tarranita Kusumadewi, M.T Keywords: Stadium Design Kingdom in Blitar. "Structure As Architecture" Football is a sport that is very popular with the most of people in the world. This one sports fans who did not recognize the age, gender, religion or ethnicity. In the sport of football itself, individuals each persons are free to express their love for football and the teams they side on, also they suport football players. However, not everyone will understand the true history of football world. Where did soccer originate and how football became a very popular sport. Indonesia is the country that has many football teams which is spread throughout the country, where Indonesia is very big enthusiastic community to support the sport of football in terms of his love for football teams. However, with large and many football teams are not supported by any international standard stadium facilities, where most stadiums in Indonesia itself has a style of architecture that was outdated and did not consider the potential of architecture and public enthusiasm towards football itself. The problem at this time, can be overcome by national policies governing the sustainability of the development of an international standard stadium for the betterment of the sport in Indonesia. Therefore, the importance of design of The Great Stadium in international standard in Blitar, Indonesia, as a means to promote the progress of the Republic of Indonesia itself, particularly in the sport of football and the use of the theme structure ss architecture on the design will make the design has more value, which applies the principles of theme into the design of the building with high-tech imaging.
xxxii
الولخص ’داسٌّٖٗ ,م .أجْس 2014.اصراد الوولكح الرصو٘ن فٖ تل٘راس فالوشش : الذكرْس ,اجًْج ص٘ذاّّا الواجضرٖ ,ذاساً٘را كْصْهادْٕٗ الواجضرٖ . كلواخ الثحث . :ذصو٘ن هلؼة الشاٗح فٖ تل٘راس " ُ٘كل ّالؼواسج " كشج المذم ُٖ الشٗاضح الرٖ ذحظٔ تشؼث٘ح كث٘شج هغ هؼظن الٌاس فٖ الؼالنُ .زٍ الوشّحح ّاحذ الشٗاض٘ح الزٗي لن ٗؼشف الؼوش ّالجٌش أّ الذٗي أّ الؼشق .فٖ سٗاضح كشج المذم فٖ حذ راذَّ ،األفشاد أحشاس فٖ الرؼث٘ش ػي حثِن لكشج المذم ّالفشق الرٖ ذذػن ّٗؼثذّى اػثٖ كشج المذمّ .هغ رلك ،ل٘ش كل شخص ٗفِن الراسٗخ الحم٘مٖ لؼالن كشج المذم .ح٘ث لن ذٌشأ لكشج المذم ّك٘ف أصثحد كشج المذم سٗاضح شؼث٘ح جذا اًذًّ٘ض٘ا ُٖ الذّلح الرٖ لذِٗا ّذٌرشش الؼذٗذ هي الؼذٗذ هي فشق كشج المذم فٖ جو٘غ أًحاء إًذًّ٘ض٘ا ،ح٘ث اًذًّ٘ض٘ا ُٖ الوجروغ حواصا كث٘شا جذا لذػن سٗاضح كشج المذم هي ح٘ث حثَ لفشق كشج المذمّ .هغ رلك ،هغ غ٘ش هؼروذج فشق كشج المذم كث٘شج ّػذٗذج هي لثل أٗح هشافك هلؼة الم٘اص٘ح الذّل٘ح ،ح٘ث هؼظن الوالػة فٖ اًذًّ٘ض٘ا ًفضِا لذِٗا أصلْب الؼواسج الزٕ كاى ػفا ػلِ٘ا الزهي ّلن ذٌظش فٖ إهكاًاخ الؼواسج ّالحواس ذجاٍ كشج المذم .الؼام ًفضَ الوشكلح فٖ ُزا الْلدٗ ،وكي الرغلة ػلٔ الض٘اصاخ الْطٌ٘ح الٌاظوح الصرذاهح الرٌو٘ح هي هلؼة الم٘اصٖ الذّلٖ هي أجل ذحض٘ي ُزٍ الشٗاضح فٖ إًذًّ٘ض٘اّ .لزلك ،فإى أُو٘ح ذصو٘ن هلؼة الشاٗح ػلٔ هضرْٓ دّلٖ فٖ اًذًّ٘ض٘ا فٖ تل٘راس كْص٘لح لرؼزٗز ذمذم الذّلح اإلًذًّ٘ض٘ح ًفضِاّ ،خاصح فٖ سٗاضح كشج المذم ّاصرخذام الِ٘كل هْضْع ّالٌِذصح الوؼواسٗح ػلٔ ذصو٘ن ص٘جؼل ذصو٘ن لذَٗ الوزٗذ هي الم٘وحّ ،الرٖ ذطثك هثادئ هْضْع فٖ .ذصو٘ن الوثٌٔ هغ الرصْٗش راخ الرمٌ٘ح الؼال٘ح
xxxiii
