PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI OPERASIONAL BUNKER PT SALAM PACIFIC INDONESIA LINES
TESIS Oleh: CHRISTINE HESSY INDOVINA ARUSTOWATI NIM : 8112407046
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PROGRAM MAGISTER MANAJEMEN PROGRAM PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK WIDYA MANDALA SURABAYA MARET 2010
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI OPERASIONAL BUNKER PT SALAM PACIFIC INDONESIA LINES
TESIS Diajukan kepada Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala untuk memenuhi persyaratan gelar Magister Manajemen
Oleh Christine Hessy Indovina Arustowati 8112407046
PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER MANAJEMEN PROGRAM P ASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK WIDYA MANDALA SURABAYA 2010
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LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN
Tesis berjudul Perancangan Sistem Informasi Operasional Bunker PT Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines yang ditulis dan diajukan oleh Christine Hessy Indovina Arustowati - 8112407046 telah disetujui untuk diuji.
Dr.rer.poI.Debby R.Daniel,Ak Pembimbing Tesis
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LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN Tesis berjudul Perancangan Sistem Informasi Operasional PT Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines yang ditulis dan diajukan oleh Christine Hessy Indovina Arustowati - 8112407046 telah diuji dan dinilai oleh Panitia Penguji Program Magister, Program Pascasarjana Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya. Pada tangga122 Maret 2010 PANITIA PENGUJI Ketua
Sekretaris
Anggota
(Dr. rer. f0l. Debby Ratna Daniel, AK)
(YB. udi Iswanto, PhD)
PROGRAM P ASCASARJANA DIREKTUR
(Prof. Dr. Wuri Soedjatmiko)
IV
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH
UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH Puji syukur penulis pal\jatkan kepada Tuhan Yesus Kristus dan Bunda Maria atas berkat, kasih, kcmurahan, rahmat, anugcrah dml bimbinganNya sebingga penulis memiliki pikiran terbuka dan maillpu menyusun serta menyelesaikan tesis ini dengan baik. Snatu kesempatan yang berharga bag) penuhs dapat mela}.;ukan penelitian di PT Salam Pacific indonesia Lill.es dalam penyuswlan tesis ini. Penulis berkesempatan mcnmnbah, mcngcmbangkml pola pikir, menumlgkan ide-ide da..'1 wawasan serta mampu mengctahui pcrmasalahan yang tCIjadi dilapangan sehingga perusahaan dapat menerapkan bcberapa teori unnlk mencapai mjuan pemsahaan. Penulis mendapatkan banyak dulmngan, bimbingan dan juga semangat dan berbagai pihak demi terselesaika!IUya tesis ini sehingga pantas bagi penulis untuk mengucapkan terima kasih kepada: I. Dr. rer. poL Debby Ratna Daniel, Ak.. se1aku pemimbing, sekretaris panitia penguji dan
dosen mata kuliah Sistem Informasi
~1alliljemen
yang gigih mendorong penulis unt11k
segera menyelesaikan sena membimbing dan membanm penulis dalam proses pembuatan, perbaikan dan penyelesaian tesis ini. 2. Prof. Dr. IS. Ami Soewanili seJaku Rl;:ktor Uruversitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya yang memberi dulmngan dan kemajuan atas program ~1agister ~1anajemen.
3. Prof Dr. Wuri Soedjanr..iko atas fasilitas pendidikan Pascasarjana ya..'1g disediakan. 4. Dr. Hennindito Kaaro, iv[M, selaku ketua program studi Magister Manajemen yang selalu mengingatkan pcnulis untuk scgera menyelesaikan penulisan tesis penulis. 5. Prof. Dr. Soedjono Abipraja, selaku ketua parritia penguji yang telah mcluangkan waktu untuk membimbing dan mcnyempurnakan susunan kalimat dalam tesis ini.
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6. Y.B. Budi Iswanto, Ph.D, selaku anggota panitia penguji dan dosen mata kliliah yang relah meluangkan waktu untuk membimbing dan menyempumakan leori metode penelitian dalam tesis ini. 7. Orangma temtanla mami tercinta (Lusiana Maria) yang selalu mendorong, mendoakan,
membcri semangat dan nasehat untuk menyelesaikan penulisan tesis ini. Sena kedua adik penulis (Agnes dan Cindy) yang mem'bantu dalam pencarian leori untuk penulisan tesis ini dan kedua kakak penulis juga 8. Suami tercinta, Nathan Alexei Wijaya, ST., yang setia mendoakau dan ll1eluangkall
wak'tU ditengah kesibukannya tllltuk mcndampingi penulis walaupun dengan bertclepon berjam-jall1 serta mCll1berikan dorongan.. perhatian.. semangat, kesell1patan., ll1enghibur, perbatian dan wawasan tentang proSedlU' operasional container untuk pen)'usunan penulisan tesis ini. 9. Selumh staff tata usalla khususnya SdLFifi, Novi dan Hari, selurull petugas
perpustakaan dan semua dosen Pascasaljana Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya yang telah membagikan lImn, me:mberikan bimbingan infonnak menyediakan literature dan illfonl1asi untuk peuyusunau tesis iui. IO.Teman-teman di pemsalman pelayaran t(;rutama dari divisi Bmlker (Asri, Yohana, Mahmudi, Rohmadin) yang tclah mell1bantu penulis dalam melengkapi data dan memberikan informasl yang bergtma penulis dalam penyusunan tesis. 11. Teman-teman Magister Manajemen XVI yang penuh perhatiall Mellita. Dozen BuytUlg,
Daniel, Bobby dan semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan, yang mendukung dalam doa dan memberikan bantuall., infonnasi, dan dorongan sehingga terselesaikannya tesis ini.
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Akhir kata pcnulis berharap semoga tesis ini bermafaat bagi pcmbaca sebagai
bahan referensi untuk memperluas wawasan dan pengetahuan tentang Sistem Infonnasi Operasional Bunker pada perusahaan pelayaran.
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ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Competition is one thing that cannot be neglected in bustness world. Afan)! companies wlil try to he J7exlhle enough in fLlcing the changes around their environment especiallv which deal with industly they choose. To be able to follow the development worldwide, some companies develop 11"4ill mformation .~ystem in order to help them in undef:,tanding their strength5 and weaknesses, and also to view the competi/or.'_ i!?fo!71!Gtion c~}tstellls and technologies are a vita! CO!!lponent qf 511ccessjll1 businesses and organizations. to understand in!onnalion systems and their /imctions, COfl11Janvjlrsl need to be clear on the concept o.la svstC!tl. in Us si!/lplest li:.>ml. a s,}'.5tefn i5,' a set of interrelated components, with a cleary defined boundary', working together to achieve a common set of ohlecttves. The nrohlem is. "How could design of One ratIOnal ]nfo1711ation System create efficiency and competitive advantage in the operational Bunker actlvi ties of PT Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines)" 711e research used iil this stiiu7 is descriptive in nature since there wa5 an analysis o(the condllion and also the applicatIOn olthe OperatlOnallnlormation System. lhe data were gathered by doing the direct observation, interview ami documentation. .J
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(}jJerationa! J,?fonnation :.~'vste'n is SUb5V5/tcln
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o.l COllllJuter
haif,'ed
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in prOViding
information, which is closelv related to the process of production. Designing a new OperatIOnal In/ormatIOn System IS an e[FOrt to improve the former Operational in(imllatton ,'\vstem, to support the process or handling operational bunker efficientlv and (;tfi-:ctivelv~ 171e new Operational blformation s,J/stem model consists of input subsystem, datahase and output suhsystem, which are mtegrated in character, 111e new system is capable of provldmg bunker diviSion with mformation to create superIOr perjor!nance. Hence Ihis new system can help the bunker division in solVing problems related to the acc!!rGCV Q(data bunker, .flu:! quali~~.', .flu!l quantttv and the punctuality 5hil~1)if~g bunker. That svstem IS automated vechtcle tracking s)-,stem with e-procurement to give a superior performance m the process of handJmg operational Bunker can effectlvezv support the company in implementing ecol1omis ~peed and achieving comparative advantage. Svstem. the additional sYstem -Resides - - - - - -the - - conmlelion - - -r - - " fill" - OneratiOlwl r · - - - - -- . -rntrJl711ation - ,/ - . , -. ,< the company has 110t and should run is the Decision Support ,~vstem comhined with the expert system from .....-hieh the top management mom tor and make the decision for the company. This system is expected to give./i.7Ster opinions and the bestfor the management 7
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Key words: OperaTional Information S}'Stem, Automated Vechicle Tracking System, Eprocurement, Economls Speed. Decision Support ,~vstem, Expert System, Comparative Advantage.
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DAFTARISI
DAFTARISI HALAMAN SAMPUL HALAMAN JUDUL .......... '" ............... '" ............... ' ... , .............. 11 HALAMAN PFRSFTUJllAN PFMRlMlllNG ................................... 111 HALAMAN PERSTUTUAN PENGUJI.. .......................................... IV UCAPANTERIMA KASTH .......................................................... v
ABSTRACK. .. ... '" .................................... , ............................. viii DAFTAR ISI. ........................................................................... ix
DAFTAR TABEL ..................................................................... xv DAFTAR GAMBAR ... '" ............... '" ., ......................................xvi DAFTAR SINGKATAN ............................................................. xx BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ............... .............................................. 1 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah................... "" ........................................... .1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................... 6 1.3
T~iuan
Penelitian ..................... _....................................................... 6
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ................... _............................... '" .....................6
RAR 2 Tinjauan Kepustakaan .................. ., ............. ..................... 8 2.1 Service Design ...............................................................................8 2.2 Kualilas Jasa .......................... _.................................................... 13 2.2.1 Dirnensi Kua1itas Jasa ............................................................. ]4 IX
2.2.2 e-5Jervqual ... ......... '" ............................................................ .16 2.3 Syarat-Syarat Manajernen Persediaan EfeJ...iif. ............. .
............... 18
2.3.1 Riaya Persediaan ................................................................ ".19
23.2Just In Time ...... ................................................................ .20
2.4
Man~jell1en
OperasionaL.. " ............................ '" .................. '" ....... .22
2.4.1 Pentingnya Mana,iernen Operasiona1... ........................................ .23 2.5 Tekllologi Infonnasi ...................................................................... 24 2.6 Sistern lnfonnasi Manajell1en............................................................ 28
2.7 Sistem Inf()nnasi OperasionaI. ... ... _.................................................... 33 2.7.1 Subsistem Input ... ................................................................. .35
2.7.1.1 Sistem lnformasi /o'nterprise (loJllel'prise injol'JJ1atirm System).... 36 2.7. L2 Sistelll Rekayasa OperasionaL ........................................ .42 2.7.1.3 Subsistem Intelejen Opemsional ........................................ .43 2.7.2 Sistem Man~iernen Database ... .................................................. .43 2.7.3 Subsistem Output ... ......................................... '" ., ................ .52 2.7.3,1 Subsistell1 OperasionaL ................................................. 52
2.7.3.2 Subsistem Efisiensi dan Efektivitas .............................. ...... 53 2.7.3.3 Subsistem Persediaau ......... '" ......................................... 54 2.7.3.4 Subsistem Kualitas ......................................................... 54
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2.7.3.5 Subsistem Biaya ............................................................ 56 2.8 Sistcm Infonnasi Eksckutif(Executive InformatIOn Svstem) ........................ 57
2.9 Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (Decision Support S:vstem) .. ......................... 6] 2.9.1 Geographic In/0/111Oli011 System and Data Visualization System ... ....... 67
2.10 Suppfcv Chain lvianageJneJJt.............. ...... __ ............ __ ........................... 69 2.11 Comparative Advantage ... ..................................................... __ ...... 72
BAB 3 METODE PENELITIAN ... .............................................. 77 3.1 Kerangka Berpikir .............................................. '" ' ... ' ............... 78
3.1.1 Database . ...................................................... '" .................. 80 3.1.2 Hasil InternaL ....................................................... , ............. 80 3.1.3 Kelmggulan KomparatiL ......................... __ ............................. 81 3.2 Jenis Penelitian ............................................................................ 81 3.3 Batasan Penelitian .......................................................................... 83
3.4 Lokasi Penelitian ........................................................................... 84 3.5 Jadwal dan Waklu Penelitian............................................ __ ............... 86
3.6 Pertanyaan Penelitian ...... '" .................. '" ........... ' ...... '" ." ............... 86 3.7 Infonnasi Penelitiau ..................... '" ....... , .................. " .. , ................ 87
3.8 Metode PengumpuIan Data ...................... " ..................... " ............... 89 3.9 Proposisl Penelitian ........................................................................ 90
3.10 Teknik dan Proses Analisis .............................................................. 91
BAB 4 HASU, dan ANALISIS DATA PENELITIAN .... .................... 93 4.1 Data Penelitian ............................................................................. 93
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4.1.1 Jcnis Usaha Perusahaan ........................................................... 93 4.1.2 Ternpat Usaha Perusahaan ....................................................... 95 4.13 Tujuan Perusahaan.............
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96
4.1.4 Struktur Organisasi ................................................................ 97 4.1.5 Orientasi Operasional Bunker. ................................................. .l 01 4.2 S(}(tware yang digllllakan ... '" .......................................................... 102
4.3 AnaH;;is dan Hasi! Penelltian ............................................................ 104 4.4 Suhsistem input............. .............................................................. 108 4.4.1 Sistem Infonnasi Enterprise (Enterprise Information Sy-stem) ... .......... .1 08 4.4.1. 1 Divisi Marketing ... ....................................................... 110 4.4. J.2 Divis} Operasional.. ................................. ., .................. 1]3 4.4.1.3 Divisi NauticaL ................ ......................................... .115
4.4.1.4 Departelllen Dinas Lnar .................................................. 118 4.4.1.5 Divisi Teknik ...................... '" .................................... .121 4.4. J.6 Divisl Blmker... ........................................................... 125 4.4.1.7 DivisiAccoun/ing dan .Hnance ........ .................................. 136
4.4.2 Standar Prosedur Bunker. ....................................................... 139 4.4.3 Subsistelll Intelejen Operasional Bunker.. .... '" ............................. 140 4.5 Datahase ..................... ............................. , ................................. 141 4.6 Subsistem Output ............ .................................... , ........................ 143 4.6.l Subsistelll Operasional ............................................................. 144 4.6.2 Subsistelll Efisiensi dan Efektivitas ............................................. 144 4.6.3 Subslstem Persediaan .............................................................. 145 4.6.4 Subsistem Kualitas.. .............................................................. 145 4.6.5 SubsistemBiaya ................................................................... 147 xii
RAR 5 PF:.MRAHASAN ......... ............... , .................................. 148 5.1 Subsistem Input. .......................................................................... 150 5.1.1 Sistem Infonnasi Enterprise (Enterprise Information
,~ystem) ...... ........ 150
5.1.1.1 Divisi Operasional dan Divisi lllfarketing............................ ,150 5.1.12 Divisi NauticaL ...... " ... ......................... ,' ... , ............ , .. .154 5.1.1.3 Divisi Bunker.. ........................................................... 159 5.1.14 Divisi Accounting.......................................................... 166 5.1.2 Subsistem Rekayasa OperasionaL. ........................................... 173 5.1.3 Subsistem Inteiejen BillIker. ................. , , ........ " ....................... 177 5.2 Database ........ , .................................................. , ........................ 180 5.2.1 Divisi Afarketing............... .................................................... 180 5.2.2 Divisi OperasionaL ............................................................. 181 5.2.3 Divisi DesignaJe Person Ashore ........................................... ...... 182 5.2.4 Divisi Bunker .................... ,.................................................. 183 5.3 Subsistem Output ... ....................................................................... 184 5.3.1 Subsistem OperasionaL ............... , ......................................... 184 5.3.2 Subsistem Efisiensi dan Efek'tivitas ............................................. 185 5.3.3 Subsistem Persediaan .............................................................. 188 5.3.4 Subsistem Kualitas ................................................................. 188
5.35 Subsistem Biaya.................................................................... 190 5.4 Decision Support System." .. " ,,, ........................... , ... " ....... , .. , .. ,,, ... ",190
BAB 6 KESI1\-WULAN DAN SARAN, .. ..................................... 206 6.1 KesimpuIan ....................................... ,., ....................................... 206
6.2 Saran ..................................... , ......... ' ........................................ 208
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DAF-TAR KE_PtJS-TAKAAN.......................................................................211 LAMPmAN......................................................................_.....214
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel
Halaman
BAB2 2.1 Spesifikasi Minyak Solar ........................................................................ 55 2.2 Spesifikasi Minyak Bakar ....................................................................... 56 2.3 Kelmtungan dan Kerugian ............................. ' ........................................ 67
2.4 Aktivita5 Analytical lvfodelling . ............................................................... 69
BAB4 4.1 Data Cabang dan Kantor Perwakilan PT SPIL. .............................................. 94 4.2 Spesifikasi Minyak Solar ..................................................................... .146 4.3 Spesifikasi Minyak Bakar................................................................... 147
BABS 5.1
J)aI~V
Vessei Schedule ... ...................................................................... .152
5.2 Jadwal Air Pasang .............................................................................. 158 5.3 Standar Jarak dari Port AsaI ke Port Tujuan ................................................ 174 5.4 Rancangan Database Bunker.. ................................................................ 202
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman
GAMBAR BAB2
2.1 Service BlueprinTing ... .................... , ........................... " ........................... 9 2.2 Revised Service Bfueprint ... .................. '" ...... '" ........... , ........................... 13 2.3 Model E-Service Quality...... ................................. '" .... ,. '" ..................... .1 8
2.4 Dukungan IT dalam respon organisasional ........................................ , ......... 25 2.5 Peran Utama dalam Sistem Informasi. ....................... '" ..... , ........................ 29 2.6 An Management InformatIOn Svtem Alode!. ........... ........................................31
2.7 Komponen Sistem Informa~i ...................... , ........ " ...................................33 2.8 Model Sistem Inflxmasi OperasionaL ...................................................... .35 2.9 Alur Data pada Sistem Informasi Enterprise ................................................. .37 2.10 Aplikasi Cross Functional EnterprISe Svstem .................. ............................ .39 2.11 Transaction Processing System ............ ............................................. ...... A] 2.12 Trend" in the Evolution ofERP Applica/ion... ............................................ .42
2.13 Jen.is~len.is Database ..
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2.14 Berbagai Komponen Sistem Lengkap Data Warehouse ....................... , ., ....... .47 2.15Cara Pengahhan Data Mengekstraksi Pengetahuan Bisnis Dari Sebuah Gudang Data48
2.16 Pengembangan JJatahase ....... ................................................................51 2.17 Matching Point Lngine ami Propeller ...... ............... '" ................................ 54
2.18 Executive InformatIOn Svstems ... ............................................................ 59
2.19 Proses dan Tahap-tahap dalam Pengambilan Keputusan ................................. 63 2.20 A Decision Support Systems Model. .. ....................................................... 65
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2.21 IT and Fuei Procurement ..................................................................... 76
BABl 3.1 Kerangka Berpikir ............................................................................... 77
BAB4 4.1 Stmkhlf Organisasi .............. , .............................................................. .1 00 4.2 Bagan Sistem Manajemen Infonnasi secanl Kesehrruhall ................................. 105 4.3 Sistem Infonnasi Operasionai dan Decision Support Svstem Bunker ... ............ , .... 107
4.4 Context Diagram Sistem Infonnasi Operasional BunkeL ................................ 108 4.5 DFD Level 0 Sistem Infonnasi Operasional Bunker....................................... 109 4.6 DFD Levell Divisi Marketing ............................................................... 111 4.7 DFD Level 2 Divisi Operasional.. ........................................................... .114 4.8 DFD Level 3 Divisi Nautical... .............................................................. .116
4.9 DFD Level 4 Divisi Departemen Dinas Lwrr ............................................... .12] 4.10 DFD LevelS Divisi Teknik .................................................................. 123 4. J 1 DFD Level 6 Divisi Btmker. ..................... " ..................................... " ... 128 4.12 DFD Level 6.2 Divisi Bunker denganPertamina ....... , .................................. 130 4.13 DFD Level 6.3 Divi!;i Bunker dengan AKR atau PetrOllas............................... 133
4.14 DFD Level 6.4 Proses Pemindahan Bahan Barn......................................... 134 4.15 DFD Level 7 Proses Operasionai dan Marketing dengan Accounting dan Finance .. 13 7 4.16 DFD LevelS Proses Heel denganAccountll1g dan FlI1ance ............................. 138
BABS 5.1 Program DehveJY Order... .................................................................... .1 5]
52 Program Delivery Order untuk mencari manifest. .......................................... 153 5.3 Manifest Kapal .................................................................................. 154
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5.4 Single Side Band......................................................... ........................ 155 5.5 Ready ()n Board... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ................... 156
5.6 Laporan Pemakaian Bahan Bakar .... " ...................... " .. , "."" .................... 160 5.7 Engine Log Book ... ........................ '" ........................ '" ...................... .161 5.8 Bunker CalculatIOn Sheet ... '" ........ , ............................ , ........... , '" .......... 163 5.9 Prmcipal Particular ... .................. " '" ........................ " ......................... .165
5.10 purchase Order ... ....... , ...... .,,, ........................................................... 167 5.11 Program Pengadaan Bahan BakaL. . . . . . . . . ....................... -' ...................... .168
5.12 Cetakan Pengadaan Bahan BakaL .......................................................... 169 5.13 Program Finance ......... ... '" ............................................................... liO 5.14 Program Finance Bon Sementara........ ,. ..... ,.., .. ,.., . ., ..... ".,,. .................... .171
5.15 Program Hnance Bukii Kas Keluar............................ " '" ........ ' ............... 172 5.16 Bon Sementara ................................................................................ .173 5.17 Laporan AnaIisa Efisien KapaI Per Fleet............ ...................................... .175 5.18 File f\.1anua1. ........ ""'"'''''''''''''''''''''''''' .......................................... 176 5.19 ContoIl Int1:)o11ao5l dengan Harga Bunker Dunia ............................ ,. '" .......... 177
5.20 Contoh 1nformasi dengan Persatuan Bunker Asia ....................................... .178 5.21 Sistem KaIkulator Pertamina ................................................................. 179 5.22 Datahase Divisi kfarketmg .......... .................. '" ...................... ,. '" ......... 180 5.23 Vatabase Divisi OperasionaL. ............................................................... 181 5.24 Database Departemen Dinas Luar.. ...... , ................................................. .182 5.25 Database Divisi Bunker... '" ................................................................ 183
5.26 Subsistem Output OperasionaL ........................ ,.. ' ... ,. '" ... ,..... " ............. 186 5.27 Subsistem Output Operasional. ............................................................. .187 5.28 Contoh Hasil Laboratorium .......... " .... ,..................... ' '" ........................ 189 xViiii
5.29 Automated Vehicle Tracking System ........................................ ............... .193 5.30 Sensor AU10mated Vehicle TracJ.:1J1gSysteJJ1 ... ,. ....................... ,. ............... 194 531 Database Bunker yang akan dirancang.» .............. » ................................ 197
5.32 Usulan Laporan Economis Speed. .. .............. , ....................................... .203 5.33 Flowchart DSS 1 Selisih ROB Kapal dengan Bunker Calculation Sheet. ............ 204 5.34 Flowchart DSS 2 Sclisih ROB KapaJ dcngan Bunker Calculation Sheet.. ..........205
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