PENGARUHKOMPOSISI MEDIA TANAM DANTAKARAN AIR CUCIAN BERASTERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KUBIS BUNGA (Brassica oleracea botrytis L.)
SKRIPSI
Oleh Samsul Arifin NIM : 2010-41-038
PROGAM STUDI AGROTEKNOLOGI FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS MURIA KUDUS TAHUN 2014
i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI BERJUDUL PENGARUH KOMPOSISI MEDIA TANAM DAN TAKARAN AIR CUCIAN BERAS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KUBIS BUNGA (Brassica oleracea botrytis L.) Disusun oleh : Samsul Arifin NIM : 2010-41-038 Telah dipertahankan di depan dewan penguji Pada tanggal : Desember 2014 Dan telah memenuhi syarat untuk diterima Kudus, Desember 2014 Mengetahui, Pembimbing Utama,
Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muria Kudus Dekan,
( Ir. Supari, M.Si )
( Ir. HadiSupriyo, MS )
Pembimbing Pendamping,
(Ir. Subur Sedjati,MP) ii
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan taufik dan hidayah Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyusun skripsi dengan judul Pengaruh Komposisi Media Tanam dan Takaran Air Cucian Beras Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kubis Bunga (Brassica oleracea botrytis L.). Pada kesempatan ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada : 1. Ir. Hadi Supriyo, MS selaku Dekan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muria Kudus. 2. Ir. Supari, M.Si selaku Dosen Pembimbing Utama 3. Ir. Subur Sedjati, MP selaku Dosen Pembimbing Pendamping 4. Semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan, atas segala bantuan dan bimbingan sehingga skripsi penenlitian ini dapat tersusun.
Kami menyadari bahwa penulisan skripsi ini jauh dari sempurna, Oleh karena penulis berharap saran dan kritik yang bersifat membangun. Demi perbaikan skripsi ini dan untuk penyempurnaan penelitian mendatang..
Kudus, November 2014 Penulis,
iii
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL............................................................................................. i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN.............................................................................. ii KATA PENGANTAR.......................................................................................... iii DAFTAR ISI....................................................................................................... iv DAFTAR TABEL................................................................................................ vi DAFTAR TABEL LAMPIRAN.......................................................................... vii RINGKASAN.....................................................................................................
ix
SUMMARY........................................................................................................
x
I. PENDAHULUAN...........................................................................................
1
A. Latar Belakang............................................................................................. 1 B. Rumusan Masalah......................................................................................... 4 C. Tujuan........................................................................................................... 4 D. Hipotesis....................................................................................................... 5 II.TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.................................................................................... 6 A. Tanaman Kubis Bunga.................................................................................. 6 B. Media Tanam................................................................................................ 8 C. Air Cucian Beras......................................................................................... 11
III. BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN.................................................... 15 A. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian..................................................................... 15 B. Bahan dan Alat............................................................................................. 15 C. Metode Penelitian......................................................................................... 15 D. Pelaksanaan Penelitian................................................................................. 18 iv
a. Penyiapan Benih dan Pembibitan................................................................ 18 b. Penyiapan Polybag...................................................................................... 19 c. Penanaman.................................................................................................... 19 d. Pemeliharaan Tanaman................................................................................ 20 E. Pengamatan................................................................................................. 21 a. Tinggi Tanaman............................................................................................ 21 b. Jumlah Daun................................................................................................. 21 c. Panjang Akar Primer.................................................................................... 21 d. Diameter Kepala Bunga............................................................................... 21 e. Bobot Bunga Per tanaman............................................................................ 22 f. Bobot Brangkasan Segar Tanaman............................................................... 22 e. Bobot Brangkasan Kering Tanaman........................................................... 22 IV. HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN........................................... 23 A. Hasil Penelitian............................................................................................. 23 B. Pembahasan................................................................................................... 44 V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN..................................................................... 49 A. Kesimpulan................................................................................................... 49 B. Saran............................................................................................................. 50 DAFTAR PUSTAKA......................................................................................... 51 LAMPIRAN
v
DAFTAR TABEL
No Tabel
Teks
Halaman
1. Hasil analisis kandungan air cucian beras..............................................
13
2. Pengaruh komposisi media tanam dan takaran air cucian beras Terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman ................................................... 25 3. Pengaruh komposisi media tanam dan pemberian takaran air Cucian beras terhadap jumlah daun......................................................... 28 4. Pengaruh komposisi media tanam dan pemberian takaran air cucian Beras terhadap panjang akar primer ........................................................ 31 5. Pengaruh komposisi media tanam dan pemberian takaran air cucian Beras terhadap diameter bunga ............................................................... 34 6. Pengaruh komposisi media tanam dan pemberian takaran air cucian Beras terhadap bobot bunga per tanaman................................................ 37 7. Pengaruh komposisi media tanam dan pemberian takaran air cucian Beras terhadap bobot brangkasan segar per tanaman.............................. 40 8. Pengaruh komposisi media tanam dan pemberian takaran air cucian Beras terhadap bobot brangkasan kering per tanaman............................ 43
vi
DAFTAR TABEL LAMPIRAN (LIST OF APPENDIX)
1. Rata-rata tinggi tanaman kubis bunga umur 3 MST .................................... (The average height of cauliflower at the 3rd week after planting, or WAP) 2. Rata-rata tinggi tanaman kubis bunga umur 4 MST .................................... (The average height of cauliflower at the 4th WAP) 3. Rata-rata tinggi tanaman kubis bunga umur 5 MST .................................... (The average height of cauliflower at the 5th WAP) 4. Rata-rata tinggi tanaman kubis bunga umur 6 MST ................................... (The average height of cauliflower at the 6th WAP) 5. Rata-rata tinggi tanaman kubis bunga umur 7 MST ................................... (The average height of cauliflower at the 7th WAP) 6. Rata-rata tinggi tanaman kubis bunga umur 8 MST ................................... (The average height of cauliflower at the 8th WAP) 7. Rata-rata tinggi tanaman kubis bunga umur 9 MST ................................... (The average height of cauliflower at the 9th WAP) 8. Rata-rata tinggi tanaman kubis bunga umur 10 MST ................................. (The average height of cauliflower at the 10th WAP) 9. Sidik ragam tinggi tanaman umur 3 sampai 4 MST ..................................... (Analysis of variance for plant height at the 3rd to 4th WAP) 10. Sidik ragam tinggi tanaman umur 5 sampai 6 MST ..................................... (Analysis of variance for plant height at the 5th to 6th WAP) 11. Sidik ragam tinggi tanaman umur 7 sampai 8 MST ..................................... (Analysis of variance for plant height at the 7th to 8th WAP) 12. Sidik ragam tinggi tanaman umur 9 sampai 10 MST ................................... (Analysis of varieance for plant height at the 9th to 10th WAP) 13. Rata-rata jumlah daun tanaman kubis bunga umur 3 MST.......................... (The average number of leaves at the 3rd WAP) 14. Rata-rata jumlah daun tanaman kubis bunga umur 4 MST........................... (The average number of leaves at the 4th WAP) 15. Rata-rata jumlah daun tanaman kubis bunga umur 5 MST.......................... (The average number of leaves at the 5th WAP) 16. Rata-rata jumlah daun tanaman kubis bunga umur 6 MST.......................... (The average number of leaves at the 6th WAP) 17. Rata-rata jumlah daun tanaman kubis bunga umur 7 MST.......................... (The average number of leaves at the 7th WAP 18. Rata-rata jumlah daun tanaman kubis bunga umur 8 MST.......................... (The average number of leaves cauliflower at the 8th WAP) 19. Rata-rata jumlah daun tanaman kubis bunga umur 9 MST.......................... (The average number of leaves cauliflower at the 9th WAP) vii
54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72
20. Rata-rata jumlah daun tanaman kubis bunga umur 10 MST........................ 73 (The average number of leaves cauliflower at the 10th WAP) 21. Sidik ragam jumlah daun tanaman umur 3 sampai 4 MST .......................... 74 (Analysis of variance for the number of leaves at the 3rd to 4th WAP) 22. Sidik ragam jumlah daun tanaman umur 5 sampai 6 MST ........................... 75 (Analysis of variance for the number of leaves at the 5th to 6th WAP) 23. Sidik ragam jumlah daun tanaman umur 7 sampai 8 MST ........................... 76 (Analysis of variance for the number of leaves at the 7th to 8th WAP) 24. Sidik ragam jumlah daun tanaman umur 9 sampai 10 MST ......................... 77 (Analysis of variance for number of leaves at the 9th to 10th WAP) 25. Rata-rata panjang akar primer pada tanaman (cm) ....................................... 78 (The average primary root length, cms) 26. Sidik ragam panjang akar primer pada tanaman ........................................... 79 (Analysis of variance for the primary root length) 27. Rata-rata diameter bunga pada tanaman ....................................................... 80 (The average flower diameters, cms) 28. Sidik ragam diameter Bunga pada tanaman ................................................. 81 (Analysis of variance for the flower diameter) 29. Rata-rata bobot bunga per tanaman............................................................... (The average weight of flower per plant, grams) 30. Sidik ragam Bobot bunga pertanaman ......................................................... (Analysis of variance for the weight of flower per plant) 31. Rata-rata bobot brangkasan segar per tanaman ............................................ (The average fresh weight of vegetative parts) 32. Sidik ragam brangkasan segar per tanaman ................................................. (Analysis of variance for the fresh weight of vegetative parts) 33. Rata-rata bobot brangkasan kering per tanaman .......................................... (The average dry weight of vegetative parts) 34. Sidik ragam brangkasan kering per tanaman ............................................... (Analysis of variance for the dry weight of vegetative parts) 35. Deskripsi benih ............................................................................................. (Description of cauliflower seeds) 36. Denah tata letak penelitian........................................................................... (Lay out of experimental plots) 37. Dokumentasi pelaksanaan penelitian ........................................................... (Documentation of Research Activities )
viii
82 83 84 85 86 87 88 90 91
RINGKASAN Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui komposisi media tanam dan pemberian air cucian beras terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kubis bunga (Brassica oleracea var,botrytis L.) dataran rendah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Tamansari Kecamatan Tlogowungu Kabupaten Pati,Jawa Tengah, terletak pada ketinggian rata-rata 15,5 meter diatas permukaan air laut, beriklim tropis dan jenis tanah latosol cokelat dengan pH berkisar 6,5. Waktu pelaksanaan penelitian di mulai dari bulan mei sampai juli 2014. Penelitian dilakukan di dalam Polybag dengan menggunakan percobaan faktorial berdasar pada Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) yang terdiri dari 2 faktor dan 3 ulangan serta dengan faktor dan level masing-masing sebagi berikut ,Faktor I : komposisi media tanam (M), terdiri dari 5 level, yaitu :M0 = Media tanah,M1 = Media tanah,sekam ,pupuk kandang dengan perbandingan = 2:1:1, M2 = Media tanah,sekam , pupuk kandang dengan perbandingan = 1:2:1, M3 = Media tanah,sekam ,pupuk kandang dengan perbandingan = 1:1:2. Faktor II : Dosis pemberiaan takaran air cucian beras (A) terdiri dari level 4,yaitu : A0 = tanpa pemberian air cucian beras A1 = takaran penyiraman air cucian beras 200 ml A2 = takaran penyiraman air cucian beras 250 ml A3 = takaran penyiraman air cucian beras 300 ml. Sehingga di dapatkan 16 kombinasi perlakuaan. Komposisi media tanam berpengaruh sangat nyata pada tinggi tanaman sejak umur 5 MST sampai 10 MST serta jumlah daun sejak umur 4 MST sampai 10 MST. Diketahui pula, bahwa komposisi media tanam yang berupa campuran tanah, sekam dan pupuk kandang sapi denagn nisbah 1:1:2 menghasilkan panjang akar primer, diameter dan bobot bunga per tanaman, bobot brangkasan segar maupun kering terbaik. Pemberian air cucian beras berpengaruh sangat nyata pada panjang akar primer, diameter dan bobot bunga, bobot brangkasan segar dan kering. Pemberian air cucian beras dengan volume 300 ml berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman sejak umur 5 MST sampai 10 MST dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah daun pada setiap umur tanaman. Kombinasi perlakuaan komposisi media tanam yang berupa campuran tanah, sekam, :pupuk kandang sapi dengan nisbah 1:1:2 dan volume pemberian air cucian beras sebesar 300 ml (M3A3) menunjukan hasil terbaik untuk setiap parameter pengamatan. Adapun kombinasi perlakuaan komposisi media tanam tanah:sekam:pupuk kandang sapi dengan perbandingan 1:1:2 dan volume pemberian air cucian beras sebesar 200 ml (M3A1) memberikan hasil kombinasi terbaik untuk jumlah daun. Selanjutnya, terjadi interaksi sangat nyata antara komposisi media tanam dan volume pemberian air cucian beras pada setiap parameter yang diamati. ix
SUMMARY This research was aimed at studying the effect of the composition of planting medium and the application of rice washing water on the growth and yield of lowland cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var botrytis L.). This research was conducted at Tamansari Village, Tlogowungu Sub-district, Pati District, Central Java Province, on an altitude of 15.5 meters above sea level with brown latosol soil with a pH of 6.5, from May to July 2014. The experimental method applied in this research was the factorial type based on the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisted of 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor which was the composition of the planting medium (M), was divided into 4 follwing levels: merely soil (M0), and mixtures of soil, dry rice husk and cattle manure in the ratio of 2: 1: 1 (M1), 1:2:1 (M2) and 1:1:2 (M3). The second factor which was the application volume of rice washing water (A), was also divided into 4 following levels: 0 ml (A0), 200 ml (A1), 250 ml (A2), and 300 ml (A3). It was found out at the end of this research, that the compositon of the planting medium very significantly affected the plant height during the 5 th to 10th WAP period and the number of leaves during the 4 th to 10th WAP period. It was also noted, that the planting medium consisted of soil, dry rice husk and cattle manure with the consecutive ratio of 1:1:2 gave the best primary root length, the diameter and weight of flowers per plant, as well as the fresh and dry weights of vegetative parts. Similarly, the application volume of rice washing water very significantly affected the primary root length, the diameter and weight of flowers per plant, and the fresh and dry weights of vegetative parts. It was noted further, that the application of 300 ml of rice washing water very significantly affected the plant height during the 5th – 10th WAP period, and significantly affected the number of leaves in all ages of plant. The combination of planting medium consisted of 1:1:2 composition ratio of soil, rice husk and cattle manure with 300 ml application of rice washing water ( M3A3) showed the best results for all observed parameters, while the combuination of planting medium consisted of 1:1:2 composition ratio of soil, rice husk and cattle manure with 200 ml application of rice washing water ( M3A1) gave the best result in the number of leaves. Very significant interactions between the planting media composition and the application volume or rice washing water was found in all observed parameters
x
