Pengantar Teknologi Informasi dan Teknologi Hijau Suryo Widiantoro, ST, MMSI, M.Com(IS)
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Topics covered Cloud computing 2. Virtualization 3. Thin client 4. Smart grid 1.
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Cara tradisional berkomputer Kasus 1: Mengerjakan file Menyimpan file Komputer crash, file hilang
Kasus 2: • Unduh program • Install program • Jalankan program
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Cloud .. computing Cloud Sumberdaya atau layanan yang dibutuhkan melalui internet dimana pusat datanya dapat diandalkan Cloud computing Gaya berkomputer dengan skala ukuran dinamis dan biasanya dengan sumberdaya divirtualisasikan yang disediakan sebagai layanan melalui jaringan internet
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Pengguna tidak perlu memiliki pengetahuan atau pengalaman atau pengendalian atas infrastruktur teknologi pada “cloud” yang mendukungnya Contoh: Wordpress Cloud pengguna tinggal daftar, setting wordpress, lalu pakai Manual pengguna download wordpress, sewa hosting, atur settingan hosting, upload dan install wordpress, setting wordpress, baru pakai 6
Karakteristik cloud computing 1. Virtual perangkat lunak, basisdata, web server,
sistem operasi, storage dan networking diatur secara virtual 2. On-demand dapat menambahkan atau
mengurangi kapasitas prosesor, memori, bandwidth network, storage
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APPLICATIONS: Web application Peer-to-peer SaaS
PLATFORMS: Web hosting Web-app frameworks
CLIENTS:
CLOUD COMPUTING
Thin client Thick client Mobile devices
PaaS
INFRASTRUCTURE: Virtualization Grid computing IaaS
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Applications - Software as a Service The applications segment of cloud computing represents the applications that are accessed via the cloud. It is often referred to as software-as-a-service (SaaS) Populer dengan cepat di kalangan pengusaha kecil dan menengah Tidak memerlukan perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak yang harus dikelola Layanan diberikan melalui aplikasi browser Contoh: Google Mail, Salesforce.com, CRM, HRD, dll. 9
Clients A cloud client is computer hardware and/or computer software which relies on the cloud for application delivery, or which is specifically designed for delivery of cloud services Contoh software client adalah web browser seperti Firefox, Chrome Contoh hardware client adalah Nokia’s Internet Tablet N900, Apple iPhone atau Netbooks
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Platforms - Platform as a Service A cloud platform is the delivery of a platform within which to run applications as a service. It is often referred to as platform-as-a-service (PaaS) Platform dibangun di atas infrastruktur, yang biasanya mahal Manajemen platform yang meliputi hardware dan software bukanlah hal yang mudah Layanan populer: storage, database
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Storage Cloud based storage is the exposure of storage services on the cloud. One such storage service provider is the end-user focused Dropbox
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Infrastructure - Infrastructure as a Service Cloud infrastructure is the delivery of computer infrastructure (typically a platform virtualization environment, but not necessarily) as a service. It is often referred to as Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) Akses ke infrastruktur: Akses penuh sistem operasi Firewalls Routers Menyeimbangkan beban Contoh: Flexiscale 13
Faktor kesamaan SaaS
PaaS
Bayar per penggunaan 2. Skalabilitas secara instan 3. Keamanan 4. Kehandalan 1.
IaaS
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Keunggulan layanan SaaS
PaaS
1. Biaya kepemilikan yang rendah 2. Mengurangi tanggung jawab pengelolaan infrastruktur 3. Memungkinkan beban sumberdaya yang tidak terduga 4. Rollout aplikasi lebih cepat
IaaS
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Nilai ekonomis SaaS
PaaS
1. Virtualisasi mengurangi biaya dengan meningkatkan utilisasi 2. Economies of scale dapat tercapai melalui teknologi 3. Kebijakan update secara otomatis
IaaS
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Faktor resiko SaaS
PaaS
Keamanan Downtime Akses Ketergantungan Interoperabilitas
IaaS
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Benefits of cloud computing Enables users to effectively outsource much of the non-strategically sensitive operations to external third parties so they can focus on other truly strategic operations 2. Liberates users so that no longer are they tied to using personally owned programs stored on personal computers/servers 1.
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CC as Green IT initiative Cloud computing’s potency as a Green IT initiative is
often attributed to one single underlying enabling technology: Virtualization Virtualization is largely responsible for cloud computing’s direct and indirect impacts on emissions of green house gasses
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Direct impact The direct impact of cloud computing relates to the reduction in CO2 emissions directly based on its usage reductions in privately owned hardware and higher
utilisation of cloud resources leveraging of ‘cloud based’ centralised third parties who are capable of providing IT capabilities as a service to masses of customers
drop in global electricity consumption attributed to powering the hardware as well as that attributed to cooling the hardware 20
Systemic/social impact Due to the diminished requirement to sit in front of a
desktop at work, etc the necessity of commuting to work every day diminishes, as does the need to live in high density cities Burden on our streets and public transport diminishes, and the CO2 emission reductions follow
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Early history During the 1960s and 1970s IBM had pioneered
virtualization as a rationing device within their mainframes - the large processing capacity of mainframes were divided up using virtualization into smaller virtual machines.
This method of carving up the processing capacity of
the mainframes allowed it to perform multiple functions at once
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Throughout the 1980s and 1990s while the
client/server paradigm dominated, virtualization was rarely used. - instead, enterprises commonly opted for a one server per application model to divide up their total processing capacity, mitigate risk to ensure business continuity
Seiring dengan pemikiran efisiensi energi maka
konsep virtualisasi mulai marak diterapkan kembali (2000)
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Impact of client/server paradigm 1. Tingkat penggunaan CPU rendah HP Laboratories: 1,000 servers were using just 10-35% of processing power. IBM: average capacity utilisation of desktop computers was just 5%. All of this wasted capacity still requires power and cooling. 2. Tingkat penggunaan listrik tinggi IDC: server operating at 10% utilisation requires same power and cooling as server operating at 75% utilisation. For every $1.00 of capital expenditure on new servers, enterprise spends $0.50 on power and cooling. 25
3. Peningkatan biaya perawatan dan infrastruktur fisik 4. Pengurangan tingkat kegagalan dan opsi pencegahan
bencana 5. Perawatan tinggi untuk PC client 6. Biaya pendingin yang tinggi
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Virtualization: konsep dasar
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Abstraksi dari sumberdaya komputer – teknologi yang mendasari semua arsitektur cloud Dengan kemampuan untuk memvirtualkan server, maka storage, peralatan, desktop, aplikasi dan sumberdaya komputer lain dapat dialokasikan sesuai kebutuhan
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Benefits of virtualization 1. 2. 3.
4. 5.
Higher CPU utilisation due the ability to now consolidate virtual machines to fewer physical machines There is likely to be lower physical infrastructure and maintenance costs due to a reduction in the amount of power consuming units Improved failover and disaster protection options due to the decoupling of software and hardware. Virtualization enables entire virtual machines being backed up and recovered rather than individual files on those servers Lower power usage due to both consolidation of hardware and the possibility of building dynamic infrastructure with highly elastic power consumption patterns Lower cooling costs once again due to consolidation of hardware 29
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Konsep Dasar Thin Client Tidak perlu menjalankan semua aplikasi secara lokal pada PC (Thick Client) dengan segala biaya dan permasalahannya, namun cukup menjalankan aplikasi secara terpusat dengan menampilkan layar update dan input pada thin client
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The earlier term “dumb terminals” that could only
handle simple text entry and display with no mice. These dumb terminals communicated directly to the central mainframe for almost everything they did. All the data and processing stayed in the computer room away from user’s desks - all the user saw was the display of a Windows computer as if it was running on their PC just like normal
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Centralising servers and server support leads directly
to higher utilisation levels, which reduce costs and environmental impact No remote servers, no desktop configuration, no need to redesign and integrate e-mail architectures. In many cases, the end-user can connect the device and be working within minutes, without doing any configuration themselves
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Komparasi Thin vs Thick Thin client lebih unggul karena kecil, ringan dan hanya sedikit menggunakan: 1) Material → plastik dan metal 2) Energi (kWH) → pada saat diproduksi dan digunakan 3) Menghasilkan sedikit buangan (CO2 dan material solid) → pada saat diproduksi, digunakan dan dibuang
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Karakteristik Thin Client Dirancang supaya berbentuk praktis Menggunakan server khusus untuk memproses semua
perintah dan menjalankan semua aplikasi Bebas virus Tidak membutuhkan perawatan atau upgrade secara berkala Mudah dikelola dan mengurangi biaya TI Semua data penting tersimpan di satu server sehingga mudah diback-up Mengurangi kemungkinan downtime Lebih murah daripada PC biasa 36
Potensi Kelemahan Thin Client Biaya cukup tinggi untuk pengadaan server dan instalasinya 2. Butuh bandwidth lebih besar; multimedia berjalan lebih lambat 3. Tidak memungkinkan instalasi perangkat lunak yang dibutuhkan segera 4. Harga PC semakin turun; pengguna butuh komputer dengan kemampuan tinggi 1.
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5. Users will generally not have access to floppy and
CD/DVD drives although it is technically possible through USB pass through 6. A server failing will affect everyone connected to that server 7. In the past thin client was not suitable for users using highly graphical Environments such as CAD (computer aided designed)
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Browser-based applications Although you may not have considered it, many of the
websites we use today are in effect thin client applications New technologies such as Ajax are being developed to help make using applications in a web browser as interactive as normal applications installed onto your computer Most new line of business applications either have browser support or have moved completely over to being browserbased It’s almost as if the browser (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, Safari etc.) has become the operating system in which applications can run 39
Thin clients for Green IT The first and most obvious environmental element of a Thin Client is that it is energy efficient 2. Typically a Thin Client uses 10% of an average PC. Thin Clients’ power consumption can range from 2 Watts to 30 Watts but average around the 15 Watts 3. thin clients are smaller, lighter and less complex they require less raw materials in the form of metals and plastics, which reduces the embedded carbon 4. longevity thin clients should last twice as long as PC’s because they have no moving parts, are left on less and software functionality can be improved by upgrading the back end server rather than the front end terminal 1.
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power is generated in large centralised power stations
and distributed to the consumer via a series of wires called an Electrical Grid, Power Grid, or shortened to just “The Grid” a chronic underinvestment in transmission and distribution infrastructure impact of this long term underinvestment has resulted in a grid, which lacks efficiency, flexibility, reliability, resilience, viability/transparency, and ability to control costs 43
Permasalahan yang dihadapi 1.
Tidak efisien Kebocoran transmisi
2. Tidak sejalan dengan tantangan modern Tidak ada solusi penghematan energi Daya yang dihasilkan terbatas
SOLUSI : Perlu adanya jaringan yang lebih SMART
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Penggabungan Infrastruktur
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Menjadi smart grid
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What is smart grid? A smart grid is an electric network that can intelligently
integrate the behaviour and actions of all users connected to it - generators, consumers, and those that do both - in order to efficiently ensure sustainable, economic, and secure electricity supply A Smart Grid uses digital technology to improve reliability, security, and efficiency of the electric system: from large generation, through the delivery systems to electricity consumers and a growing number of distributed generation and storage resources
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Komponen smart grid Smart grid memiliki dua komponen utama: 1) Konektifitas jaringan internet 2) Perangkat sensor dan pengukuran
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Added green power sources
Plug-in hybrid electric cars
Real-time and green pricing signals
http://www.worldchanging.com/smarthouse.jpg
High-speed, networked connections Customer interaction with utility Smart thermostats, appliances and in-home control devices 49
Contoh penerapan Austin, Texas, 1st Smart Grid di US
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Smart grid Aplikasi teknologi informasi digital untuk mengoptimasi pembangkitan, pendistribusian dan penggunaan energi listrik 1. Self-healing dan adaptif 2. Interaktif, dengan pelanggan 3. Teroptimasi, penggunaan sumberdaya & perangkat lebih baik 4. Prediktif, dapat diperkirakan untuk pencegahan 5. Terdistribusi, lintas daerah 6. Terintegrasi, untuk pengawasan, pengendalian, perlindungan, perawatan 7. Lebih aman, dari serangan 51
Self-healing Kewaspadaan dan reaksi yang seketika (real-time) terhadap masalah yang dihadapi oleh sistem
Teroptimasi Meningkatkan pembangkitan dan pendistribusian listrik: Pembangkitan listrik yang lebih efisien Jalur distribusi listrik yang dapat diandalkan
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Interaktif Pelanggan dapat mengawasi dan mengendalikan “perangkat pintar” untuk mengelola penggunaan energi dan mengurangi biaya listrik
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Menghindari Serangan Pemantauan jalur listrik secara real-time Identifikasi dan respon terhadap gangguan yang
disebabkan oleh manusia Mengisolasi area yang terpengaruh dan mengarahkan ulang aliran listrik untuk menghindari fasilitas yang rusak
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Objectives of smart grid 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Ensure the reliability of power supply to levels not achievable before. Maintain the affordability of electricity. Reinforce a nations’ / regions’ global competitiveness. Enable the accommodation of renewable and traditional energy sources. Potentially reduce a nations’ / regions’ greenhouse gas emissions. Facilitate advancements and efficiencies yet to be envisioned 55
Manfaat smart grid 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Mengintegrasikan teknologi untuk mengelola energi lebih baik Manajemen jaringan listrik yang proaktif Manajemen respon demand/supply yang lebih baik Kualitas listrik yang lebih baik Mengurangi emisi karbon
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Kelemahan smart grid 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Insfrastruktur saat ini belum layak Perlu biaya tinggi untuk implementasi Sumberdaya terbarukan lainnya tidak dapat diandalkan untuk mengamankan supply energi Peraturan dan kebijakan yang berkaitan dengan dampak smart grid Pelaksanaan grid: pemantauan dan pengendalian
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