Outline of the PHD thesis
PANNON UNIVERSITY, GEORGIKON FACULTY
Faunistical and ecological investigation of water beetles, with special regard to the family of minute moss beetles
Andor, Lőkkös
Supervisor: Dr. Előd Kondorosy CSc
Keszthely, 2014
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1. Introduction The water beetles belong to different taxonomic categories, with various lifestyles and diets, habitat and ecological requirements. The only common feature is the aquatic lifestyle. The members of the minute moss beetle family (Hydraenidae) live in a wide variety of water body types, most of them in streams. In the case of stagnant waters little water courses were generally preferred. Tyrphobiont species are not known, unlike many diving beetles and water scavenger beetles.
2. Aims Becouse we know very little about water beetles, especially minute moss beetles the aims of the author were the following:
- Gathering hungarian faunistical data of water beetles to know more about the hungarian fauna
- A new identification key for the hungarian minute moss beetle species and subspecies was written.
- The introduction of the nomencalture, distribution and ecology for the hungarian minute moss beetle families. Introduction for the newly recorded species in the country. For the better knowing of the distribution for the Hungarian species the revision of all the major hungarian collections including personal collections, collections of other
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institutes and my personal collection. The comparison of the literature data with the collections.
- The presentation of the distribution for the hungarian species on UTM based maps and the compilation of a hungarian checklist.
- The examination of minute moss beetles ecological characteristics. Examination of habitat preference in a diverse habitat and the analysis of the habitat character species.
3. Material and methods
3.1. Sampling and processing
The faunistical records are mostly based on the work of the author, but in the case of the minute moss beetle (Hydraenidae) family the author collected and processed all available specimens from collections and the materials of other researchers who work on aquatic invertebrates beside my own gatherd material. The author collected samples mostly regulary from the following areas: South Dransdanubium (Balaton, Kis-Balaton, Nagy-Berek, Dráva mente, Baranyai-dombság, Külső-Somogy, Mecsek, Zselic); West Transdanubium (Kőszegi-hegység, Csörnöc mente, Répce mente, Őrség); Dunántúliközéphegység (Magas-Bakony, Fekete-hegy, Pilis); Északi-középhegység (Ipoly mente, Mátra); Alföld (Bátorliget, Kiskunság). The author collected the samples between 2003 and 2011. 4
Beside his own collection the authorprocessed all the major hungarian minute moss beetle collections, the Hungarian National History Museum (3200 specimen), the Baranya County Museum at Pécs, the Mátra Museum at Gyöngyös, the Bakonyi Natural History Museum at Zirc and the Savaria Museum at Szombathely (360 specimen all togeather). Also I processed the collection
of the North Transdanubian Regional
Environmental, Nature Conservation and Water Management Inspectorate (191 specimen), The South Transdanubian Regional Environmental, Nature Conservation and Water Management Inspectorate (178 specimen) and the minute moss beetle collection (2423 specimen) of the associates of the Macroinvertebrate Group of Department of Ecology and Hydrobiology at the University of Pécs. The most common method for capturing water beetles were sweeping with a long-handled pond net. Frequently-used method was collecting at light.
3.2. Ecological studies The quantitative samples was carried out at the end of the summer 2009 on the middle section of the Zala river, in administrative unit of Csöde. The samples were taken in a 150 m long section which has a near-natural condition, and diverse substrate reach.
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Six dominant microhabitats were distinguished, of which 10-10 subsamples were made. The quantitative samples were taken by a Surber sampler. The sampler has a 25x25 cm standard diameter and 0,5 mm mesh.
3.3. Data analysis To investigate and determine the six different types of microhabitats and the probability of occurence (Chance value (odds)) for the examined species pair Hydraena riparia and H. melas. For the analysis we used the program R 2.14.2 (R Development Core Team, 2011). The IndVal method was used (DUFRÉNE and LEGENDRE 1997) for the character species for different microhabitat types, relative abundance and relative frequency of the species.
4. New scientific results 1. During the faunistical investigation of the author, he proved a number of new species for the fauna of Hungary: the first Hungarian data of the water scavenger beetle species, Dactylosternum abdominale (Fabricius, 1792) derived from Africa, the first precise data of another alien species, Pachysternum capense (Mulsant, 1844) from Hungary and the first Romanian data of it, the first Hungarian data of the riffle beetle Elmis rietscheli Steffan, 1958 from the Kőszeg mountains and the marsh beetle Cyphon ruficeps Tournier, 1878 in the Somogy hills. faunistical data were reported from many parts of the country, particularly in the catchment area 6
of lake Balaton. The authorstudied the water beetle fauna of the Nagyberek, Kis-Balaton, Balaton, the inflows of the Balaton and the Zselic Hills in detail. Regarding the minute moss beetles, the new species for the fauna of Hungary are: Hydraena (Hydraena) schuleri Ganglbauer, 1901 and Ochthebius (Enicocerus) melanescens Dalla Torre, 1877. The occurrence in Hungary were verified of the following species: Ochthebius (Enicocerus) gibbosus Germar, 1824, Ochthebius (Ochthebius) foveolatus Germar, 1824 and Ochthebius (Ochthebius) metallescens Rosenhauer, 1847. Hydraena assimilis Rey, 1885 is new for the fauna of Romania. Aulacochthebius exaratus (Mulsant, 1844) was deleted from the fauna of Hungary. 2. The author was the first to present the water beetle fauna of Nagyberek, 148 species were collected. 22 species of water beetles from the KisBalaton were reported, which were not yet known. During the research of the Lake Balaton’s water beetles 4 new species regarding the lake were found and 5 new species regarding the shore. The minute moss beetles of the catchment area streams of Lake Balaton were reported for the first time, resulting in a list of 11 species. The investigation of the Zselic Hills resulted in the presentation of 68 water beetle species. 3. All Hungarian literature data were summarized and our knowledge of the habitats of the Hungarian members of the minute moss beetle family. With the data the author gathered after examining, museum, his own and other private collections their abundancy were presented and were demonstrated them on UTM-based maps. A new identification key for the Hydraenidae living in Hungary were compiled and the species which are 7
expected in this country, because the last identification key for the members of the family was published in 1967 and it is unsuitable for the identification of minute moss beetles and in international point of view, we do not have a key suitable for the Central European fauna. 4. The wide ecological tolerance for the species-pair Hydraena riparia and H. melas were verified: they occurred in great numbers on emergent macrophytes, in macrolithal, microlithal and xylal. The species were not found in the basement with sand and organic matter alone. In the character species analyses we found significant results only for two species: Hydraena pulchella Germar, 1824 minute moss beetle species and Calopteryx virgo (Linnaeus, 1758) dragonfly species. Hydraena pulchella is character species for the macrophital and macrolithal habitats, while Calopteryx virgo for the macrophital habitat.
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Publications 1. Publications related to the thesis Lőkkös, A., Boukal, M. & Fikaček, M. (accepted): The hydrophilid beetle Pachysternum capense (Mulsant, 1844) (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) became a world-wide adventive species: a summary of distribution with new records from Europe, Australia and South America – North-Western Journal of Zoology. (IF: 0.706) Lőkkös, A, Kondorosy, E., Cser, B. & Szivák, I. (2013): Adatok a Koppány-patak makroszkopikus vízi gerinctelen faunájához – Natura Somogyiensis 23: 153-158. Horvai, V., Czirok, A., Lőkkös, A., Borza, P., Bódis, E. & Deák, Cs. (2012): Újabb adatok a magyar-horvát Dráva szakasz ripális régiójának makroszkopikus gerinctelen faunájáról. – Acta Biologica Debrecina Supplementum Oecologica Hungarica 28: 109–120. Lőkkös, A., Jäch, M. A. & Kovács, T. (2011): First record of Hydraena schuleri Ganglbauer, 1901 (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) in Hungary − Folia Historico-Naturalia Musei Matraensis 35: 109-110. Móra, A., Deák, Cs., Kálmán, Z., Lőkkös, A., Soós, N. & Csabai, Z. (2011): Contribution to the aquatic insect fauna of Káli-medence and Fekete-hegy, and their surroundings (Balaton Uplands) – Folia Musei Historico-Naturalis Bakonyiensis 28: 147-180. Lőkkös, A. (2010): Minute moss beetles (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) from the catchment area of Lake Balaton − Acta Biologica Debrecina Supplementum Oecologica Hungarica 21: 109-113. Lőkkös, A. (2010): Water beetle fauna of the moors at Lake Balaton (Coleoptera: Hydradephaga, Hydrophiliodea, Hydraenidae) − Natura Somogyiensis 17: 141-144. Lőkkös, A. (2010): The water beetles (Coleoptera: Hydradephaga, Hydrophiloidea) of the Nagy-berek area, Lake Balaton, Hungary − Natura Somogyiensis 17: 144-158. Lőkkös, A. (2010): First record of Elmis rietscheli Steffan, 1958 from Hungary (Coleoptera: Elmidae) – Folia Entomologica Hungarica 71: 31-33. 9
Lőkkös, A., Fábics, A., Kondorosy, E., Ferincz, Á., Vári, Á. & Rozner, Gy. (2010): A balatoni hínárbogár (Macroplea mutica balatonica Székessy, 1941) elterjedésének vizsgálata – Hidrobiológiai Közlöny 90 (6): 94-95. Lőkkös, A. & Kovács, T. (2010) − A Mátra Múzeum bogárgyűjteménye, Tócsabogarak (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) − Folia Historico-Naturalia Musei Matraensis 34: 117-118. Móra, A., Deák, Cs., Lőkkös, A., Papp, L., Soós, N. & Csabai, Z. (2010): A Porva melletti Hódos-ér vízi makrogerinctelen faunájáról a 2008. évi Biodiverzitás Nap eredményei alapján – Folia Musei HistoricoNaturalis Bakonyiensis 27: 75-82. Szivák, I., Deák, Cs., Kálmán, Z., Soós, N., Mauchart, P., Lőkkös, A., Rozner, Gy., Móra, A. & Csabai Z. (2010): Contribution to the aquatic macroinvertebrate fauna of the mountains Mecsek with the first record of Limnius opacus P.J.W. Müller, 1806 in Hungary – Acta Biologica Debrecina Supplementum Oecologica Hungarica 21: 197-222. Fikaček, M., Boukal, M., Lőkkös, A., Kraus, Z. & Krivan, V. (2009): First records of Cercyon hungaricus from Slovakia, notes on its distribution and biology, and fixation of its type specimens (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae) − Acta Musei Moraviae – Scientiae Biologicae 94: 73-80. Lőkkös, A. (2009): Dactylosternum abdominale (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) in Hungary – Folia Entomologica Hungarica 70: 93-94. Lőkkös, A. 2009: Vízibogarak (Coleoptera: Hydradephaga, Hydrophiloidea, Dryopoidea, Hydraenidae) Gyűrűfűről – Natura Somogyiensis 13: 115-118. Lőkkös, A. (2006): Vizsgálatok a Nagy-Berek vízibogár faunáján (Coleoptera: Hydradephaga, Hydrophiloidea) – Acta Biologica Debrecina Supplementum Oecologica Hungarica 14: 163–168. Oral and poster presentations related to the thesis Lőkkös, A.: Unser derzeitiges Kenntniss über die Zwergwasserkäfer (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) in Ungarn/ The present knowledge of Minute Moss Beetles (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) in Hungary 10
− Symposium Internationale Entomofaunisticum Europae Centralis XXII., 29.06.-03.07.2011., Varaẑdin, Croatia. Lőkkös, A.: A Kis-Balaton vízibogarai (Coleoptera) − VIII. Makroszkopikus Vízi Gerinctelenek Kutatási Konferencia (VIII. MaViGe), 2011.04.14–16., Jósvafő. Lőkkös, A., Kondorosy, E., Cser, B. & Szivák, I.: A Koppánypatak Somogyacsa és Somogydöröcske közti szakaszának vízi makrogerinctelen faunája − VIII. Makroszkopikus Vízi Gerinctelenek Kutatási Konferencia (VIII. MaViGe), 2011.04.14–16., Jósvafő. Lőkkös, A.: Pataklakó tócsabogarak (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) a Balaton vízgyűjtő területéről − VII. Makroszkopikus Vízi Gerinctelenek Kutatási Konferencia (VII. MaViGe), 2010.04.15–17., Sümeg. Móra, A., Deák, Cs., Kálmán, Z., Kálmán, A., Lőkkös, A., Soós, N. & Csabai, Z.: Adatok a Balaton-felvidéki Káli-medence és a Fekete-hegy vízirovar faunájához − VII. Makroszkopikus Vízi Gerinctelenek Kutatási Konferencia (VII. MaViGe), 2010.04.15–17., Sümeg. Szivák, I., Deák, Cs., Kálmán, Z., Soós, N., Mauchart, P., Lőkkös, A., Rozner, Gy., Móra, A. & Csabai, Z.: Adatok a Mecsek-hegység víztereinek vízi makrogerinctelen faunájához és a Limnius opacus első hazai előfordulása − VII. Makroszkopikus Vízi Gerinctelenek Kutatási Konferencia (VII. MaViGe), 2010.04.15–17., Sümeg. Lőkkös, A.: A Hydraenidae család kutatása hazánkban (Coleoptera) – XXXII. Magyar Rovarászati Napok, 2010. 02. 19-21., Budapest. Rozner, Gy., Lőkkös, A., Fábics, A., Ferincz, Á. & Vári, Á.: A balatoni hínárbogár (Macroplea mutica ssp. balatonica Székessy, 1941) elterjedésének vizsgálata – Magyar Rovartani Társaság 777. ülése, 2009. 10. 16., Budapest. Lőkkös, A., Fábics, A., Kondorosy, E., Ferincz, Á., Vári, Á. & Rozner, Gy.: A balatoni hínárbogár (Macroplea mutica ssp. balatonica Székessy, 1941) elterjedésének vizsgálata – LI. Hidrobiológus Napok, 2009.09.30-10.02., Tihany. Lőkkös, A.: A Balaton környéki berekterületek vízibogarai (Coleoptera: Hydradephaga, Hydrophiliodea, Hydraenidae) – VIII. Magyar Ökológus Kongresszus, 2009. 08. 26-28., Szeged. 11
Lőkkös, A.: A Hydraenidae (Coleoptera) család kutatása hazánkban – VI. Makroszkopikus Vízi Gerinctelenek Kutatási Konferencia (VI. MaViGe), 2009.04.16–18., Villány. Lőkkös, A.: Vizsgálatok a Nagy-Berek vízibogár faunáján (Coleoptera: Hydradephaga, Hydrophiloidea) − III. Makroszkopikus Vízi Gerinctelenek Kutatási Konferencia (III. MaViGe), 2006.04.13–14., Göd.
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2 Other publications Lőkkös, A. (2010): A Nagy-berek cincérei (Cerambycidae) – XVI. Ifjúsági Tudományos Fórum, Keszthely: 1-6 (CD kiadvány). Rozner, Gy., Lőkkös, A. & Ferincz, Á. (2010) − Preliminary studies on the distribution of Large Golden Ringed Dragonfly (Cordulegaster heros Theischinger, 1979) and Golden Ringed Dragonfly (Cordulegaster bidentata Sélys, 1843) in the Kőszeg-mountains − Folia Historico-Naturalia Musei Matraensis 34: 37-40. Csordás, L., Ferincz, Á., Lőkkös, A. & Rozner, Gy. (2009): New data on the distribution of Large Golden Ringed Dragonfly − Natura Somogyiensis 15: 53-56. Merkl, O., Lőkkös, A. & Szalóki, D. (2009): A szamócafénybogár (Stelidota geminata) Magyarországon (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) – Növényvédelem 45 (11): 615-617. Lőkkös, A. (2003): A Látrányi-Puszta Természetvédelmi Terület cincérfaunája (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) – Natura Somogyiensis 5: 173178. Other oral and poster presentation Lőkkös, A. & Kondorosy, E.: Revision of the genus Caridops (Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea, Rhyparochromidae) − 13th Young Systematist’s Forum, 2011.12.01., London, United Kingdom. Rozner, Gy., Lőkkös, A., Ferincz, Á. & Csordás, L.: A kétcsíkos hegyi szitakötő (Cordulegaster heros Theischinger, 1979) elterjedésének vizsgálata Nyugat- és Dél-Dunántúlon − Magyar Rovartani Társaság 788. ülése, 2010. 12. 17., Budapest. Csordás, L., Ferincz, Á., Lőkkös, A. & Rozner, Gy.: Újabb adatok a ritka hegyiszitakötő (Cordulegaster heros Theischinger, 1979) zselici elterjedéséhez – III. „Dél-Dunántúl Zöld Szigetei” Tanácskozás, Konferencia a Zselicért 2009.10.14., Kaposvár. Csordás, L., Ferincz, Á., Lőkkös, A. & Rozner, Gy.: A fokozottan védett ritka hegyi szitakötő (Cordulegaster heros Theischinger, 1979) élőhelyeinek vizsgálata – LI. Hidrobiológus Napok, 2009.09.30-10.02., Tihany. 13
Lőkkös, A. (2010): A Nagy-berek cincérei (Cerambycidae) – XVI. Ifjúsági Tudományos Fórum, 2010.03.25., Keszthely.
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