Nieuwsbrief Sanitary Engineering

Nieuwsbrief Sanitary Engineering Uitgave: Redactie: Contact: Internet: Nummer:

TU Delft • Faculteit CiTG • sectie Sanitary Engineering Jennifer Duiverman• Jules van Lier Postbus 5048 • 2600 GA Delft • +31(0)15 2783347 • [email protected] www.sanitaryengineering.tudelft.nl 13e jaargang nummer 4 • September 2013

Redactie Het einde van de zomer is in zicht. Nog even een 30+

“the MOOC”. Met Anke en Peter als Spindoktors, hebben

eindsprint en de zomer van 2013 gaat te boek als

we het traject volledig in de hand en de inschrijvingen

bijzonder geslaagd! Een ideale zomer. Ik heb weinig

nemen gestaag toe naar het ongelooflijke aantal van

mensen horen klagen dus ik ga er maar van uit dat,

20.000 studenten voor onze “Introduction to Water

behalve mezelf, de meeste mensen op zijn minst

Technology MOOC”. Uiteraard gaan we ervan uit dat

thermo-tolerant zijn. Een voldaan gevoel? Iets knaagt

deze aantallen worden meegenomen in de berekening

er wel. De sectie Sanitary Engineering is doorgegroeid

outputfinanciering zodat we met een gerust hart naar

naar een coherente groep van waterspecialisten uit de

de toekomst kunnen kijken. Het indirecte effect van de

verschillende sub-disciplines. We worden binnen de

MOOC is een wereldwijde interesse voor onze opleiding.

Faculteit als voorbeeld gesteld als het gaat over gender

Met een mogelijk numerus fixus in het verschiet kunnen

equity, en de voertaal is veranderd van Nederlands naar

we overgaan tot selectie van alleen de beste studenten..

Engels (alleen nog het voorwoord van die Nieuwsbrief..).

Naast de MOOC start in september ook onze online

In deze ontwikkeling hadden we een vast baken, een

MSc, waarmee we volledig meebewegen met de nieuwe

trouwe medewerkster die achter de schermen de tent

ontwikkelingen in onderwijsland. Meebewegen, laveren

liet draaien. Goed gelezen, de zin is in verleden tijd…

op de toppen van de golven, gebruik maken van reeds

Op 12 september nemen we officieel afscheid van ons

bestaande stromingen en krachten. Dit waren juist de

aller “Mieke”, zij gaat met pensioen. Mieke was jaren ons

overwegingen die ik had toen ik dit jaar met een zeilboot

‘single entry point’, met volledig overzicht over het reilen

de Cycladen in Griekenland rondvoer in de vakantie. Met

en zeilen van de sectie. Niemand wist het, maar in feite

windkracht 7 en lange zeegolven heeft het geen zin om

was Mieke ons sectiehoofd, baken voor staf en tijdelijk

tegendraads te zijn. De krachten zijn simpelweg te groot.

medewerkers. Zoals aan elk mooi feestje komt ook hier

Maar gebruikmakend van de krachten blijkt dat je opeens

aan een eind. We zijn Mieke zeer dankbaar voor haar

de boot met een ongelooflijke snelheid van 10 knopen

inzet en we wensen haar een ongelooflijk mooie tijd toe in

vooruit kunt krijgen. We zullen dankbaar gebruik maken

goede gezondheid. Natuurlijk blijft ze tot in de lengte der

van de verdiensten van Mieke, het Delft online onderwijs

dagen als bijzondere gast zeer welkom bij onze sectie.

team en ons eigen kunnen om onze kennis voor een

Maar goed het tekent de zomer van waar men dacht daar

ieder ter wereld beschikbaar te maken. Hijs de zeilen..!

komt nooit een einde aan (wie zong dat ook al weer). Daarnaast werd de zomer getekend door een grafiek

Jules van Lier

waarvan we wekelijks een update kregen. De TU Delft en zeker onze sectie Sanitary Engineering, is in de greep van

Nieuwsbrief ontvangen? Wilt u onze nieuwsbrief ook ontvangen? Stuur dan een e-mail naar de sectie Sanitary Engineering: [email protected]

Nieuwsbrief Sanitary Engineering september 2013

Agenda Data colloquia 16.00-17.00 uur

Spreker 1

Spreker 2

Spreker 3

Locatie

19-09-2013

Guido Kooijman

Jorge Elias Maxil

Joaquin Osorio

02.110

24-10-2013

Helena Sales Ortells Yu Tao

Lina Bachert

2.62

14-11-2013

Haoyu Wang

Steef de Valk

Annelies Aarts

2.62

05-12-2013 (10.30)

Xuedong Zhang

Nikola Stanic

Sam Olivero

4.98

Promoties

Conferenties

Amer El-Kalliny

International Water Week Conference

Topic:

Photocatalytic Oxidation for Drinking Water

Datum:

5-6 november 2013

Treatment Using Hypochlorite and Titanium

Locatie:

Amsterdam RAI

Dioxide

Water Movie Challenge

Datum:

25-09-2013

Participation:

Tijd:

10.00 uur

More information: [email protected]

www.facebook.com/youngiww

Locatie: TU Delft, Aula Vakantiecursus 2014 Anke Grefte

Datum:

10 januari 2014

Topic:

Removal of Natural Organic Matter Fractions

Locatie:

TU Delft, CiTG, collegezaal A en B

by Anion Exchange

Aanmelden: www.aanmelder.nl/vakantiecursus2014

Datum:

29-11-2013

Meer informatie:[email protected]

Tijd:

10.00 uur

Locatie: TU Delft, Aula

Afstudeercolloquia Gea Terhorst

Workshops & Symposia

Topic:

Verandering van de drinkwaterkwaliteit in

SLIMM monitoren van de drinkwaterkwaliteit

een distributienetwerk; de effecten van

Datum:

26-09-2013

transport en opstarten van een nieuwe

Tijd:

12.30-16.30 uur

zuivering

Locatie:

Productiebedrijf Engelse Werk van

Datum:

20-09-2013

Vitens, Ruiterlaan 46, 8019 BP Zwolle

Tijd:

14.00 uur

Aanmelden: www.waternetwerk.nl Kennisprogramma Urban Drainage Datum:

24-10-2013

Tijd:

13.00-16.00 uur

Locatie:

Deltares, Rotterdamseweg 185, Delft

Informatie: www.gezondheidstechniek.tudelft.nl Aanmelden: [email protected]

2

Locatie: TU Delft, CiTG, zaal G


Workshops

3


4


Promotieverslagen Photocatalytic Oxidation for Drinking Water Treatment Using Hypochlorite and Titanium Dioxide

of HA in LPUV/NaOCl process is higher than that for the MPUV/NaOCl process, which results in a higher initial rate of AOX and CHCl3 formation. This raised the attention to the risk of using the LPUV/NaOCl

Amer El-Kalliny

process especially at the short reaction times that are relevant for water treatment. Based on the obtained

The main focus of this thesis is to study the advanced

results, a fixed-bed photocatalytic reactor can be

oxidation processes (AOPs) of water pollutants via

applied for a small scale drinking water purification

UV/hypochlorite (homogeneous AOPs), and UV solar

plants. This is mainly due to that TiO2 coated by the

light/TiO2 (heterogeneous AOPs) in which the highly

electrophoretic deposition technique on stainless steel

oxidative hydroxyl radicals (•OH) are produced. These

woven meshes fitted in layers has major advantages

radicals are capable of destructing the emerging

over the commonly used flat-plate reactor and the

organic pollutants in water. The combined action

dispersed-phase reactor. This presents a novel reactor

of both •OH and Cl• that are produced during the

in the oxidation of water contaminants such as humic

NaOCl/UV processes increased the chlorination

acids and atrazine. Up-scaling of such reactors is

potential of humic acids (HA). In addition, at a high

feasible. It is worth to highlight that the results obtained

free-radical dose, such as in swimming pool water

has led to an improved understanding and applications

recirculation systems, the equal levels of adsorbable

of AOPs for water treatment. The findings can be used

organic halogens (AOX) and CHCl3 are formed with

to improve the performance of both small and large

both low pressure (LP) and medium pressure (MP),

scale water purification plants.

respectively. CHCl3, once formed, is not degraded [email protected]

with either LP or MP. Moreover, the photo-degradation

Removal of Natural Organic Matter Fractions by Anion Exchange

of specific NOM fractions is not well understood. Therefore, knowledge about NOM fractions as well as their behaviour in water treatment processes is essential.

Impact on drinking water treatment processes and

This thesis aimed to answer the question: How can the removal

biological stability

of specific NOM fractions by anion exchange improve treatment processes as well as the biological stability of the produced Anke Grefte

drinking water? To answer this question, liquid chromatography (LC) with

This thesis focuses on improving drinking water quality,

organic carbon detection (OCD)(LC-OCD) was used as

specifically the biological stability of the produced drinking

NOM characterisation method. NOM fractions determined by

water. The biological stability of the treated water is negatively

LC-OCD using FIFFIKUS software are biopolymers (BP), humic

influenced by the presence of certain natural organic matter

substances (HS),building blocks ( BB), low molecular weight

(NOM) fractions. Therefore, specific NOM fractions should be

(LMW) acids and neutrals. IEX was used to remove NOM from

removed from the source water to improve biological stability.

the water and the pilot plant of drinking water treatment plant

It is known that NOM can efficiently be removed by anion

Weesperkarspel (Waternet) was used to execute the research.

exchange (IEX) resins. However, the removal and conversion 5


A multi-component model was formulated to predict

From this research can be concluded that anion exchange

the removal of different NOM fractions by IEX. By the

was a good and cost-effective way to remove NOM. LC-OCD

summation of the modelled breakthrough curves from five

has shown to be a useful method for NOM characterisation.

NOM fractions determined by LC-OCD, the breakthrough

IEX removed specifically humic acids which was also the

of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was predicted.

main fraction reacting with ozone. Extension of the treatment lane with IEX before ozonation improved the biological

The best position of IEX in the treatment lane was

stability of the produced water. This research showed that

determined based on water quality as well as costs. Different

knowledge of specifically the concentration of humic acids

placement positions of IEX in the treatment lane and two

is important.

IEX configurations (MIEX® and fluidised IEX (FIX)) were compared. The total costs for IEX for the three positions were approximately equal, however the savings on following treatment processes caused a cost reduction for the IEX positions before coagulation and before ozonation compared to IEX positioned after slow sand filtration. To measure the effect of NOM removal by IEX on the biological stability of drinking water two treatment lanes were compared in biological stability of the produced water. IEX was used as pre-treatment (before ozonation) in one lane and removed 50% of DOC, the other lane was used as reference. Biologically stable water was defined in terms of assimilable organic carbon (AOC), biofilm formation rate (BFR) and DOC. It was shown that by removing HS by IEX before ozonation less biodegradable NOM was formed than without IEX and the biological stability (AOC, BFR and DOC) of the drinking water was improved. The effect of NOM composition and ozone dose on the ozone demand, disinfection capacity and bromate formation was investigated. It was shown that the reaction of ozone on NOM varied by NOM composition. HS and BB were the main fractions reacting with ozone. Results showed that for the same ozone dosage per DOC, the ozone demand was higher, less bromate was formed and a lower disinfection capacity was reached for water containing mainly humic substances, than for water where the humic substances were partly removed.

6

[email protected]


Afstudeerverslagen Verandering van de drinkwaterkwaliteit in een distributienetwerk

aan het begin van het netwerk een significante afname

De effecten van transport en opstarten van

Het patroon in het totale deeltjesvolume wordt op de

een nieuwe zuivering

zuivering gedomineerd door pieken die ontstaan ten

gemeten voor deze parameterconcentraties.

gevolg van het terugleveren van drinkwater uit de Gea Terhorst

watertoren in Zaltbommel richting het distributienetwerk van Kolff.

De afgelopen decennia is veel onderzoek gedaan naar

Vanuit drinkwaterzuivering Kolff wordt bijna elke nacht

de kwaliteit van drinkwater tijdens het zuiveringsproces.

gedurende een paar uur water richting de watertoren

De drinkwaterkwaliteit moet echter aan de wettelijke

in Zaltbommel gepompt. Net zoals in het begin van het

eisen voldoen op het moment dat het water aan de klant

netwerk, bezinkt ook ijzer en mangaan in het begin van

geleverd wordt. Tijdens het transport van de zuivering

de leiding tussen de zuivering en de watertoren. Op

naar de klant kan de drinkwaterkwaliteit veranderen

dagen met weinig verbruik wordt vanuit de watertoren

ten gevolge van fysische, chemische en biologische

in Zaltbommel met hogere snelheid water teruggepompt

processen in het distributienet.

naar het distributienetwerk van drinkwaterzuivering Kolff, waardoor het bezonken materiaal zoals ijzer en mangaan

Om meer inzicht te krijgen in de mate van verandering

weer opwervelt. Door dit terugleveren stroomt water het

van drinkwaterkwaliteit over het distributienetwerk is

distributienetwerk in met een significant hogere ijzer-

gekeken naar de veranderingen tussen het uitgaande

en mangaanconcentratie en troebelheid ten opzichte

reinwater van de zuivering en het water dat bij de

van het water dat direct uit de zuivering het netwerk in

consument uit de kraan komt. Daarnaast is gekeken naar

gepompt wordt.

de verandering van de waterkwaliteit door het opstarten van een nieuwe zuivering, welke naast de oude zuivering

In het distributienetwerk van drinkwaterzuivering

gebouwd is. Met deeltjestellers, MuPFiS (multiple particle

Kolff bezinkt en wervelt sediment op door variatie

filtration system) en door het nemen van watermonsters

in waterverbruik en wordt het patroon in het totale

zijn metingen gedaan in het distributienetwerk van

deeltjesvolume juist veroorzaakt door de variatie in het

drinkwaterzuivering Kolff.

drinkwaterverbruik. Door de toename in verbruik tussen begin maart en eind

Van de oude zuivering is de beluchting niet tijdig

april 2011 neemt de stroomsnelheid van het water in het

schoongemaakt en het filtermateriaal niet tijdig vervangen.

distributienetwerk toe. Hierdoor bezinkt minder sediment

Hierdoor is de waterkwaliteit van het drinkwater dat

in het netwerk en wervelt meer sediment op. Gevolg

de zuivering verlaat, na juni 2010 verslechterd. Na het

hiervan is een toegenomen hoeveelheid zwevende

opstarten van de nieuwe zuivering in april 2011 is de

stof in het distributienetwerk. Aangezien sediment

waterkwaliteit hersteld tot het niveau van voor juni 2010.

microbiologie bevat, is door het toegenomen verbruik ook de hoeveelheid ATP en TCC in het netwerk toegenomen.

De oxidatie van ammonium, nitriet en mangaan tijdens

Aangezien het sediment dat door het hogere verbruik

het zuiveringsproces is onvolledig. Door oxidatie is

opgewerveld wordt, langer in het netwerk heeft gelegen, bevat dit sediment ook relatief veel microbiologie. Dit is 7


terug te zien in de toename van de hoeveelheid ATP/ TSS gemeten op de locaties aan het einde van het

Geconcludeerd wordt dat door het opstarten van de

distributienetwerk.

nieuwe zuivering geen significante verandering is opgetreden in de drinkwaterkwaliteit van zowel het water

De hoeveelheid ATP gemeten op het afgevangen

dat de zuivering verlaat als het water op de locaties in

sediment is gemiddeld 0.35 ng per liter drinkwater en

het distributienetwerk. Wel is een verandering in de

dit is circa 10% van de totale gemeten hoeveelheid ATP

waterkwaliteit gemeten door het toegenomen verbruik,

in het drinkwater. Dit percentage komt overeen met het

het vaker terugleveren van water uit Zaltbommel en het

percentage gevonden voor de hoeveelheid TCC in het

niet tijdig onderhouden van de oude zuivering.

water. Hieruit blijkt dat de totale hoeveelheid microbiologie [email protected]

in het drinkwater maar voor een klein gedeelte bestaat uit microbiologie aanwezig op het oppervlak van in het water zwevend sediment met een diameter groter dan 1,2 μm.

Recent papers in DWES Recent Final Revised Papers

DWESD - Papers in Open Discussion

119 Removal and transformation of pharmaceuticals in wastewater

124 Removal of paraquat pesticide with Fenton reaction in a pilot scale

treatment plants and constructed wetlands - E. Lee, S. Lee, J. Park, Y. Kim, and J. Cho - Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 6, 89-98,

A. Alves, and L. M. Madeira - Drink. Water Eng. Sci. Discuss., 6,

2013

233-260, 2013

120 The large-scale impact of climate change to Mississippi flood hazard in New Orleans - T. L. A. Driessen and M. van Ledden Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 6, 81-87, 2013 121 Status of organochlorine pesticides in Ganga river basin:

125 Study on the antibacterial activity of selected natural herbs and their application in water treatment - P. S. Harikumar and C.M. Manjusha - Drink. Water Eng. Sci. Discuss., 6, 199-231, 2013 126 Assessment of calculation methods for calcium carbonate

anthropogenic or glacial? - P. K. Mutiyar and A. K. Mittal - Drink.

saturation in drinking water for DIN 38404-10 compliance - P. J.

Water Eng. Sci., 6, 69-80, 2013

de Moel, A. W. C. van der Helm, M. van Rijn, J. C. van Dijk, and

122 Development of water use scenarios as a tool for adaptation to climate change - R. Jacinto, M. J. Cruz, and F. D. Santos -Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 6, 61-68, 2013 123 Technical Note: Wet validation of optical tomography for drinking water discolouration studies - R. Floris, P. van Thienen, and H. Beverloo - Drink. Water Eng. Sci., 6, 55-59, 2013

8

water system - C. Oliveira, K. Gruskevica, T. Juhna, K. Tihomirova,

W. G. J. van der Meer - Drink. Water Eng. Sci. Discuss., 6, 167198, 2013 127 Online data processing for proactive water distribution network operation - J. Machell, S. R. Mounce, B. Farley, and J. B. Boxall - Drink. Water Eng. Sci. Discuss., 6, 261-290, 2013


Verslagen Waterleidingloop

And we also had a winner in our group: Koen won the first price of the 5km race! Guenda Bruni

This year the TU Delft Water Management department participated again to the ‘Waterleidingloop’, and as every other year it has been a fulfilling experience! This time it was Waternet to organize the event, they did it in Weesp. We organised our mission from Delft, gathering all together to get there and win, well kind of!

We missed the wonderful barbecue organized by Waternet to close the event, but we went home with this satisfying feeling of having spent a nice day doing sport and getting closer to one another. Looking forward to next year’s mission!

Some of us participated to the 5 km and some braver ones to the 10 km race, which was in the near Amsterdam: the pattern was beautiful, almost entirely into a park with lakes and trees. The rain joined us at times, and we had to admit that was a nice company! Getting some fresh and wet air while making the last effort to reach the finish line it was a deserved relief! After the run we had a nice afternoon chatting and “coffeeing” while waiting for the results. We had the chance to play some other games as well.

[email protected]

9


Ein heißer Sommer in Schweiz

in the containers. Whether this is a health risk or not, this is very undesirable from a consumers’ perspective.

Doris van Halem

Previous research in Bern, Switzerland (Matthews et al., 2013) had focused on the use of copper to damage

It was indeed a very hot summer in Switzerland for

and poison bacterial cells. In this line of thought it was

me this year, where I visited the Sandec group of the

proposed to control bacterial growth by adding copper

aquatic research institute EAWAG (www.eawag.ch).

to the water through a cartridge of brass grains. This

Over a period of two months they hosted me as a visiting

approach shows similarities to the work we did before

researcher. I was happy to learn that Swiss researchers,

on the ceramic pot filter, which is impregnated with silver

unlike the Dutch, don’t take long summer holidays. Which

(van Halem et al., 2009; van der Laan et al., 2013).

gave me the opportunity to meet and collaborate with many water researchers in my field, whom before I only

In the EAWAG laboratories, I studied the kinetics of

knew from their peer-reviewed publications. EAWAG

growth in the presence of either soluble or solid copper

has been active in arsenic research for many years, and

(wire, grains, coins) both with nutrient limitation and

since 2007 even has a director with a special interest

nutrient supply (by GDM filtrate). Results show that E.coli

in this topic.

and total coliforms are no longer culturable at a certain Cu(II) concentration threshold value, but ATP and flow

Apart from meeting new, inspiring people, I wanted

cytometry reveal there is bacterial growth anyhow. At

to learn more on how they organize their research,

a certain Cu(II) concentration, there was even more

especially the combination of (detailed) laboratory work

growth observed than in the control experiments. These

and oversees field studies. The Sandec Department

results indicate the growth of Cu(II) resistant bacteria. It

focuses on Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries,

is noteworthy though, that the copper may have stressed

and is, amongst other things, the birthplace of SODIS

the coliforms and not killed them, making them “viable

(SOlar DISinfection in PET bottles; www.sodis.ch). More

but not culturable”. The research is currently continued

recently they developed a household water treatment

focusing on the “rehabilitation” of copper-exposed

system based on gravity driven membranes (GDM).

bacteria.

The newest generation prototypes are currently piloted in Bolivia and Uganda. At Sandec, I collaborated with Dr.

Technology acceptance studies had shown that

Richard Johnston, the head of the drinking water group,

consumers of household water treatment systems prefer

with whom I have worked in Bangladesh (UNICEF) since

to have transparent receptacles, resulting in a GDM

my PhD research. He inspired me once again on how to

prototype sensitive to algae growth in the containers

combine fundamental curiosity in science with application

(green water). Though the easiest solution would be

and relevance; too bad he is leaving science for a (very

to design darkened containers, the copper has shown

challenging!) job with the Joint Monitoring Programme

to reduce algae growth significantly, even with just a

of WHO.

1-eurocent coin.

Research wise I focused during my stay on gaining better

Although I spend way too much time at work during my

understanding of bacterial (re)growth after household

visit – and thus did not see as much of the beautiful

filtration in a storage container. Household filters, like the

country as I should have – I did have a blast living in

gravity driven membranes or ceramic pot filters, remove

the lake city of Zurich. Especially when my family joined

most (pathogenic) bacteria, but still regrowth is visible

me during the last month, because going to a lakeside

10


swimming pool or up the Zurich Berg with a train is just

came back from Uganda and is continuing the research

more fun with two ecstatic sons.

with her very cool portable flow cytometer.

I’d like to thank the staff of the Environmental Microbiology

Last but not least I want to thank my colleagues at

and Process Engineering Departments, which was so

Sandec who made me feel part of their team for just a

kind to support me (thank you Frederik, Stephan, Wouter,

summer. Thanks!

Brian and Jacqueline). Also I thank Johanna Otto who [email protected]

CASA-RainGain Urban Flash Flood Workshop 27-28 June 2013, Arlington, Texas

first place I have ever visited without any form of public transport and sidewalks are nearly non-existent. Asphalt and bricks, on the contrary, are everywhere. Still, the city

Marie-claire ten Veldhuis

has a spacious feeling; more space to store stormwater than we have in most of our densely built European cities.

Last June I visited the University of Texas at Arlington to meet representatives of the CASA project in the

CASA and RainGain decided to have a 2-day workshop

US (CASA: Collaborative, Adapative Sensing of the

here to share experiences and see how we could

Atmosphere). CASA is deploying a network of Xband

cooperate and learn from one another. The workshop

radars in the Dallas Fortworth (DFW) area to track severe

was truly multi-disciplinary: we had representatives from

rain storms hitting the metroplex and causing serious

universities, national weather service, corps of engineers,

flash flooding. In Europe, we are undertaking similar

local engineering firms, regional authorities and cities in

activities in the RainGain project, where Xband radars

the DFW metroplex. We discussed topics ranging from

are installed in Leuven, London, Paris and Rotterdam for

radar system configurations to hydrological modeling, user

high resolution rainfall measurement and flood prediction.

needs and public participation. All participants contributed by short presentations, adding to a lively discussion on

Arlington in June is a hard place to imagine floods: it is

the various topics.

as dry and as hot as a desert. It is also a drive-only city: 11


The DFW area receives 500 to 1200 mm of rain per

The participants shared some interesting first results

year, similar to NW-Europe, but rainfall intensities for

on hydrological modeling approaches, especially how

short time periods of 10 to 60 minutes are about twice

to balance detailed modeling to take full benefit of

as high (for instance: T=10 yrs rainfall intensity for 15

high resolution rainfall data with the requirement of

minutes is 169 mm/h compared to 72 mm/h in the

short computational required for real-time applications.

Netherlands1 ). This is due to the DFW area’s proximity

Another important topic was the use of extreme rainfall

to the Gulf of Mexico, where tropical storm systems

alerts and flash flood warnings: existing products apply

can be generated above the warm sea waters. Hence

to large scales, typically river basins rather than urban

their preference for installing a network of radars, to

areas, and this tends to result in a lot of over-warning.

allow close tracking of storms. In RainGain single

It was generally agreed that improvement is needed

X-band radars have been installed, but in the future

by integrating more detailed observations into warning

networks of radars could be envisaged for better storm

products: more detailed rainfall data in time and space,

tracking and so one radar can fill in for another when

higher accuracy and reliability and preferably also

a signal is attenuated by intense rain.

include more and detailed information on expected

On the other hand, DFW has a lower degree of

impacts.

imperviousness compared to the more densely built cities in RainGain, so flood peaks are more smoothed.

The workshop presentations and discussions

And a large part of the stormwater drainage system

demonstrated that there is a lot of information and

consists of above-ground channels and, while many

insights to share between the CASA and RainGain

areas in the RainGain participating cities are largely

projects. Once the radar network in DFW and the

equipped with piped and culverted systems, due

radars in RainGain are all fully operational, new and

to limited available open space. At the same time,

exciting results will provide every reason to organize

urbanisation and further densification is a growing

another joint event.

concern in DFW, since this is the fastest growing region in the US, expected to grow from 6.5 million to 13 million inhabitants in the next 10 years. Citizens have already expressed their concerns about increased flooding as a result of this process. 1

IDF curves for Texas: http://www.utdallas.edu/~brikowi/

Teaching/Applied_Modeling/SurfaceWater/LectureNotes/ Rainfall/Texas_Rainfall_IDF.html IDF curves for the Netherlands: Buishand en Wijngaard, 2007. [email protected]

12


Chinese-Dutch opportunities and advances in water technologies

Besides the overwhelming economy potential nowadays, China is facing environmental challenges. The same as to any other societies, water is one of the most

Gang Liu

important issues. Great efforts have been made by Chinese government and professionals. There is a great

China and the Netherlands are intensifying their

playground in front of us where the Chinese opportunities

cooperation in the field of water (treatment) technologies.

and advances meet Dutch knowledge, experiences and

The project known as Sino-Dutch has been launched

technologies. Let’s look forward to hearing more progress

very successfully in 2011 and is targeting exchange

and I will bring you more updates soon.

and development in cost efficient water technologies. Other projects have also been launched by NOW and KNAW to promote the cooperation between the two countries. After great success of organizing two research seminars in 2012 in China and the Netherlands, and one workshop in 2013 hosted by TU Delft, Dutch and Chinese professionals have had close understanding of the opportunities and advances in their water technologies. This year, in April, Prof. Jules van Lier had a visit to the lab of research centre for Eco-Environmental Science (RCEES) in Beijing. And Dr. Merle de Kreuk visited EES in May. During their visit, the research interests were

Figure 1. Presentations and discussions at OASEN Water

further discussed and exchanged. Between 30 June and

Company

3 July, the research team head by Prof. Qu and Prof. Yang from RCEES had another visit to the Netherlands. The visit was made to Sanitary Engineering Lab at TU Delft, drinking water treatment plant of Oasen Water Company (Rudenhuis) and the underground wastewater treatment plant of Dokhaven. Our Chinese visitors were impressed by the advanced technologies developed and used by Dutch water companies. There is a great potential for the Dutch and Chinese water professionals to work together in the coming future. During the meeting on 2 July, the potential cooperation

Figure 2. Site visit of drinking water treatments at Rudenhuis

was discussed and preliminary cooperation timeline and agreement has been established. Based on the

[email protected]

agreement, the cooperation will be started from student exchange, and joint research projects will be followed up. The official cooperation agreement will be signed during the next workshop that will be organized in Beijing, next May.

13


Studentverslagen The urban water cycle in Beira, Mozambique

The city’s port and railway station act as a gateway for the export of coal and the import of oil and goods to the

Adam Morón

landlocked nations of Zimbabwe and Malawi. The recent exploitation of the mineral resources has led to two

They told me to not worry so much. That I wasn’t forgetting

growth scenario’s for Beira. Whereas the city currently

anything. That it would be fine. On the last day before

boasts a population of around 450 000 inhabitants, the

starting my three day journey to Beira, Mozambique, I

growth numbers indicate a 2035 population that could

was coming off a weekend of nerves and reservations

vary between 827 000 and 1 422 000 inhabitants.

of the uncertainties waiting for me at the mouth of the Pungue river at the Indian ocean.

So, the interaction between drinking water and sanitation treatment capacity and infrastructure is the elephant

After all, it was my choice to go to the Witteveen+Bos

in the room that I’ve been tasked with to look after. In

offices in Deventer a few months earlier, for the

retrospect, the only type of elephant I’ve studied during

opportunity of doing a part of my thesis abroad and the

that month-and-a-half in Mozambique.

experience of doing so for a consulting firm. But, it was starting to feel like the stage was set for a trip into the

Finding the different pumping stations, water towers and

Heart of Darkness, where I would have to stay loyal to

treatment plants provided my with a good incentive to get

the nightmare of my choice. I had managed to convince

to know different parts of the city. A city whose center is

more than a few people far wiser and experienced than

dominated by Art Deco and Modern architecture in steady

myself that I could handle working in a different language

but graceful decay, and whose suburbs are made up by

and culture and felt I had something to prove in return

unplanned settlements. This contrast in urban planning

for their confidence. At least in the months of July and

highlights yet another interesting point of concern. On the

August, the time of day is the same in Mozambique as

one hand, broad streets and integral planning comprise

in the Netherlands.

the part of the city constructed between the 1930’s and 1950’s. One the other, small buildings are constructed

While the Pungue river is murky and winding and the

first, utilities connected after and permission from the

drinking water treatment facilities are over 100 km inland,

municipality is obtained as a final measure. A second

I’m quite thankful that I didn’t have to live by Joseph

elephant in an already crowded room.

Konrad’s experience, being met instead with friendly people and a great set of adventures of my own.

The third defining factor of the city is defined by its main artery - the Pungue river. Used as a source of

The purpose of my six weeks in Beira was to make an

drinking water by both Beira at the downstream end

analysis of the city’s urban water infrastructure, both

and the Zimbabwean city of Mutare upstream, the river

drinking water and sanitation. The analysis will be used

experiences salt water intrusion up to 80 kilometers

to define projects for the Beira Master Plan 2035 as the

upstream from the estuary mouth - consequently

city currently finds itself at an important crossroads for

leading to the intake station at a distance 100 kilometers

what concerns development and population.

upstream. With the water demand along the river

14


expected to increase it should be asked whether or not an increase in treatment capacity should be combined with a secondary raw water source. The Indian ocean, far closer to the city and its population, coupled with a reduction of the pumping energy required over that smaller distance, could provide a solution. Another elephant. I’ve returned from Beira, appreciative that the three elephants have provided me with a lens with which to study and describe the intricate workings of a young and growing city. I’ve taken back to the Netherlands a wildly

Figure 3: At the mouth of the Pungue Estuary

interesting experience, the results of which - I hope - will be returned to Beira and it’s people.

[email protected]

Figure 1: Schematic of the Beira sewer system and pumping stations

Figure 2: The physiography and drainage pattern of the Pungue River Basin

15


Prijzen Cees Boeter prijs 2013

Irene Caltran Irene heeft zich tijdens haar BSc-eindwerk verdiept

Marie-claire ten Veldhuis

in arseenverwijdering via kleinschalige zuiveringstechnieken die kunnen worden toegepast bij

Op 18 juni jl. is voor de elfde keer de Cees Boeter

huishoudens in Bangladesh. Ze heeft de eigenschappen

prijs uitgereikt, de jaarlijkse prijs voor het beste BSc-

van verschillende materialen gemeten om de

eindwerk van de afdeling Watermanagement.

adsorptiecapaciteit te kunnen bepalen. Daarna heeft

De Cees Boeter prijs is ingesteld door de afdeling

ze de materialen toegepast voor arseenverwijdering

Watermanagement van de faculteit Civiele Techniek

in batch-experimenten en in kinetische experimenten

en Geowetenschappen van de TU Delft. De prijs heeft

voor 2 verschillende soorten water. Irene heeft een

als doel studenten te stimuleren om werk van een

grote hoeveelheid experimentele gegevens verzameld

hoog academisch niveau te leveren en de toepassing

en deze op een overzichtelijke wijze geanalyseerd en

van de resultaten van het eindwerk in de praktijk te

gepresenteerd. In haar rapport geeft ze er blijk van ook

bevorderen. Aan de prijs is een geldbedrag van €

kritisch op de gevonden experimentele resultaten te

250 verbonden, beschikbaar gesteld door de afdeling

kunnen reflecteren. De jury was dan ook erg onder de

Watermanagement.

indruk van de omvang van het experimentele werk en de kwaliteit van de rapportage.

Cees Boeter was bijna 40 jaar verbonden aan het laboratorium voor Gezondheidstechniek. Met grote

Abel Heinsbroek

inzet en verstand van zaken heeft hij steeds studenten,

Abel heeft zijn bachelor-eindwerk uitgevoerd in

promovendi en onderzoekers met raad en daad

Mozambique, waar hij voor de uitdaging stond de

bijgestaan bij hun onderzoek en experimenten. Als

drinkwaterzuivering in het plaatsje Vilankulos te

blijk van waardering heet de prijs voor het beste BSc-

verbeteren met ter plaatse beschikbare middelen.

eindwerk de Cees Boeter prijs. Cees reikt elk jaar zelf

De bestaande waterzuivering functioneerde niet meer

de prijs uit.

door gebrek aan onderhoud en lokale operationele kennis. Abel heeft ervoor gekozen een nieuwe

In een BSc-eindwerk moet een student in 8 weken

drinkwaterzuivering te ontwerpen op basis van een

een onderwerp uitwerken, een eind-rapport schrijven

zeer robuuste zuiveringstechniek. Hij heeft ter plaatse

en de resultaten presenteren aan begeleiders en

een proefinstallatie gebouwd en getest. Dit vraagt

mede-studenten. Een deskundige jury van ervaren

het nodige improvisatietalent, zeker gezien de lokale

bachelor-eindwerkbegeleiders bepaalt de nominaties

omstandigheden. Deze combinatie van intelligente

en uiteindelijke winnaar van de Cees Boeterprijs. Criteria

creativiteit en praktische inslag heeft de jury erg

bij de beoordeling van het eindwerk zijn het inhoudelijk

gewaardeerd.

niveau van het werk, vindingrijkheid bij het vinden van oplossingen, combinatie van theorie en praktische

Bas des Tombe

toepassing en het niveau van de eindrapportage.

Bas is voor zijn bachelor-eindwerk naar Vietnam afgereisd om daar verziltingsproblemen te onderzoeken

Voor het collegejaar 2012/2013 zijn de genomineerden:

16

van onttrekkingsputten voor irrigatiewater. In zijn BSc-


eindwerk heeft hij onderzocht of de komst van een garnalenkwekerij in het duingebied langs de kust van Vietnam de oorzaak kan zijn van verzilting van het grondwater ter plaatse van de onttrekkingsput. Bas heeft in het veld data proberen te verzamelen over de lokale situatie. Hij kon weinig concrete data te pakken krijgen, maar hij heeft zich op basis van de beperkte data wel een beeld gevormd waarop hij zijn aannamen heeft gebaseerd. Met de data en de aannamen heeft hij de situatie in een numeriek model geschematiseerd en zijn analyse uitgevoerd. Dit getuigt van creativiteit, inzicht en doorzettingsvermogen. Bas heeft bovendien al zijn informatie op het internet beschikbaar gesteld, zodat aanvullende data tijdens een vervolgstudie eenvoudig kan worden ingevuld. De resultaten van het onderzoek van Bas zullen door het bedrijf ter plaatse worden gebruikt voor vervolgstudie. De jury was ook dit jaar onder de indruk van de hoeveelheid werk die de bachelorstudenten binnen een periode van krap 2 maanden weten te verzetten en hoeveel nieuwe kennis ze zich weten eigen te maken. De inzet en ondernemingszin van studenten die ervoor kiezen hun eindwerk in een ver buitenland te doen heeft de jury zeer gewaardeerd. Uiteindelijk heeft de combinatie van veldwerk en gedegen theoretische uitwerking de doorslag gegeven. Op grond hiervan heeft de jury besloten de Cees BoeterPrijs 2013 toe te kennen aan Bas des Tombe voor zijn onderzoek naar verziltingsproblematiek in Vietnam. [email protected]

17


Delft Urban Water Movie contest

Nominees The four nominees of the Delft Urban Water movie contest

“Well Water Waste Wealth” wins Delft Urban

were officially presented during the Delft Urban Water

Water movie contest!

seminar on 11 June. Nominees were selected out of no less than 24 submissions from all over the world. The 2nd Roy Meijer

prize of the contest, the iPad, went to “City=Catchment Area” by David Ginting and Ravina Binol. The jury liked

Gautum Vishwanath from Bangalore is the winner of the

the clear and convincing story-line and was impressed

Delft Urban Water Movie Contest, for his movie entitled

by the creative and speedy sketch-wise presentation

‘Well Water Waste Wealth’. In this short film we descend

supporting the movie’s message.

a water well and hear what happens as we use it or pollute it. Water problems in India’s cities are many, but

Jury

Mr Vishnwanath shows inventive solutions to close the

The jury this year consisted of:

urban cycles of water, nutrients and food.

Tracy Metz

According to the jury, he “presents out-of-the-box

Mark van Loosdrecht

solutions that show how big problems can be answered

Pieter van der Zaag

by small and pragmatic actions”. Furthermore: “The jury

Hans Ruijgers

was impressed by the movie’s quality and the way it combines creativity with a wide range of inventive and

Contest

practical solutions. “Well, it used to talk to you” and we

The Delft Urban Water movie contest is a yearly event

hope Mr Vishwanath’s solutions will continue to do so

organised by the partners of Delft Urban Water.

for years to come.

More information is on: www.delfturbanwater.nl [email protected]

18


Onderwijs Colleges voor 20.000 studenten

Geboortejaar

Anke Grefte / Peter de Moel In de nieuwsbrief van juni hebben we verteld over onze Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) ‘Introduction to water treatment’. Dit is de gratis online uitvoering op het edX platform van het nieuwe BSc vak CTB3365

Opleiding

met dezelfde naam. Vanaf 9 mei zagen we dat er zich elke dag ongeveer 150 studenten registreerden. Op 6 september stond de teller op 19.511. Eigenlijk kregen we er dus elke dag een collegezaal bij. De course begint op 16 september, waarbij zich dan ongeveer 20.000 studenten aangemeld zullen hebben.

Geen collegezaal maar een opnamestudio

De studenten komen uit de hele wereld (90 landen, geen China), zijn van alle leeftijden, het merendeel van het mannelijk geslacht (72%) en velen hebben academisch onderwijs gehad.

Geen college maar een video

Herkomst

De inschrijving voor de cursus is nog open. https://www.edx.org/course/delft-university- technology/ ctb3365x/introduction-water- treatment/786 [email protected] / [email protected]

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Nieuwe medewerkers Alexander Hendriks Hi, I am Alexander Hendriks, 31 years old. In 2001 I started my study Environmental Technology at Wageningen University. In 2004 I obtained my Bachelor’s degree in “Environmental Technology - Aquatic ecology and Ecology”. In 2006 I obtained my Master’s degree in “Environmental Technology - Wastewater Treatment”. In 2006 and 2007 I was responsible for the additional lessons in chemistry, physics, math and biology for

In September I start working at the Sanitary Engineering

the 5th and 6th grade of gymnasium (high school). In

section on a PhD research regarding high rate

December 2007 I started my career at Royal Haskoning

(selective) volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from

(from July 2012 Royal HaskoningDHV) as wastewater

(soluble) industrial waste using the granular sludge

engineer. During this time I have been dealing with

proces. The produced VFA can be used for, amongst

studies regarding (static and dynamic) optimization of

others, bioplastic production. I am looking forward to

the waterlines and sludge treatment lines of several

the coming years of research on this topic.

wastewater treatment plants. Also studies regarding

I live in Wijchen at the farm of my parents. In my

prevention and growth of algae have been part of my

spare time I like ballroom dancing, tropical fish farming,

daily work. During the optimization studies I specialized

working at the farm and spending time with family and

myself in sludge treatment, sludge dewatering and

friends.

ALE extraction.

Peng Wei

[email protected]

years. It is really a nice opportunity but also a new challenge for me. In my spare time I like sports (such

I am Peng Wei, coming from China. I finished my

as football), music and reading.

master degree of Environmental Engineering from Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2010. Then I stayed in our institute as a research assistant, and mainly did some CFD modeling as well as experimental work on two-phase flow in the flat sheet membrane bioreactor system. I am very glad to join in Prof. Luuk Rietveld’s group as a PhD candidate to continue my study in the coming

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[email protected]


David de Ridder

larger exposed surface than TiO2 spheres, they can be expected to show higher adsorption/OH radical

After studying Civil Engineering (with the specialisation

production than the latter.

Sanitary Engineering) and completing a PhD thesis at

A final research interest is atmospheric water collection.

this faculty, it is a bit strange to write in the newsletter

When no sea/ground/surfacewater is available, it can

as a newcomer, as I know most of you allready.

still be obtained from the atmosphere by condensation.

I’m contracted for 2 years as a postdoc. During this

Doing so efficiently is, however, quite a challenge. My

period I’ll be supporting main lecturers in various MSc

proposed configurations include desiccants (water-

courses and aim to obtain basic lecturing qualification.

attracting materials), subsoil cooling/condensation

Research-wise, there are several challenges waiting as

and/or centrifuge/venturi condensation. Other aspects

well. One research proposal involves tweaking zeolites

such as heat storage, recovery of heat of condensation,

to adsorb a broad range of organic micropollutants,

efficient wind collection can influence performance as

while still maintaining fast kinetics and exclusion of NOM

well. While this last project is a bit more off my field of

or to adsorb specific AOC-relevant organic fractions.

expertise than the others, it is massively inspiring to

Also, the adsorption of ammonium from RO permeate

talk/think/write/read about it.

onto zeolites, and its consequentive degradation in in-situ oxidative treatment will be investigated. The combination adsorption/advanced oxidation remains interesting, as these processes can have synergy. I’m allready involved in a short research project with Chongqing University regarding adsorption/ photocatalysis on TiO2-coated zeolites, and feel that there are sufficient further research opportunities in this field. One of them could be to coat the zeolites or UV-transparant ceramics with TiO2 nanotubes/rods rather than fine particles. As TiO2 tubes/rods have a

[email protected]

21


Dispuut Watermanagement MDE Balkan countries 2013

Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia. In the latter institute, the basic hydrology knowledge that some of Joris de Vos

us learned last year was put into practice. Of course a visit to Belgrade could not be completed without a

After months of preparation, it finally happened! From

trip on the Danube and Sava River. Also the evenings

the 7th till the 16th of July, the Multiple Day Excursion

were far from boring. If you want to know why, ask one

of the Dispuut Watermanagement went to as many

of the participants! It has something to do with those

as four (!) countries in ten days. Serbia, Bosnia and

same famous rivers…

Herzegovina, Montenegro and Croatia were visited.

The next destination of our trip was Sarajevo.

The tour started at Eindhoven Airport where all the 25

Culturally seen totally different from Belgrade. Also the

participants got the flight to Belgrade, most of them not

landscape was very different. The boring environment

knowing what would come. One thing was certain, they

of Belgrade’s surroundings has been replaced by

have agreed to a multifaceted adventure! Because of

beautiful karstic landscapes and two big rivers from

this diversity, I will not be able to explain everything of

Belgrade were replaced by a reddish small stream

this tour in detail, but I’ll do my best to mention some

called Miljacka. For us, Sarajevo was characterized

highlights.

by a tour along all facets of the urban water cycle. This

As can be deduced from previous section, the first

was already experienced during sanitary stops the first

city we visited was Belgrade, the capital of Serbia

night. There is no water pressure in the nights because

and former Yugoslavia. This city at the confluence

of the leakage sensitive distribution network. However,

point of the Danube and the Sava river offered us

next morning we had water pressure again so we went

of course the second longest river of Europe, but

all washed and brushed to our next appointment: the

also a number of company visits and institutes. The

Sava River Watershed Agency. After a small talk, many

first institute was the Jaroslav Černi institute, for the

urban water cycle related projects were visited guided

development of Water Resources in the Serbian water

by Amila Ibrulj, a former MSc student from UNESCO-

sector. We got a presentation about the status of Water

IHE in Delft. First we went to the WWTP Butile in the

Management in Serbia and international cooperation

western part of Sarajevo. This WWTP was built in 1984

in the field of water and several laboratories were

in combination with the main collectors in the city. A

visited. The hydraulic laboratory with very detailed

quick look in the history books learns us that the Winter

physical scale models of Serbian dams and rivers

Olympic Games were held in Sarajevo that same year,

was shown and we also visited their chemical- and

however it’s still unknown to me if there is a relation

biological laboratories. One thing I can remember

between the two events. We arrived on an overgrown

from these laboratories is that I haven’t seen most of

location and a perfect background for a horror movie.

their advanced equipment ever in my life. That’s also

In 1992, the WWTP fell into disuse because of the

the reason that I can’t explain what all that equipment

Yugoslav wars. Essential elements were plundered

was meant for. After all, my preconceptions about

and there was no money available to maintain the

laboratories in Southeast Europe were hereby already

WWTP anymore. Nothing really happened for 21

disproved. After this, more institutes were visited like

years, so this was the first time for many people in

the Directorate for Inland Waterways and the Republic

our group to have a look in an empty WWTP where

22


all major elements are still recognizable. From the

In Montenegro, there was nothing like a laboratory

sludge digester, we had a good overview of the plant.

but only rivers and beautiful environments. The best

Further we visited the laboratory on the same complex,

way to explore this was by raft through the second

which is still in use, where for the second time in a

deepest canyon in the world. A group picture shows

week my preconceptions about Southeast Europe

a piece of the amazing view we had on our overnight

were disproved. We also saw the outflow point of the

stay in what we called doghouses (they were not much

‘effluent’ in the Miljacka River. The only thing I can say

bigger), what was quite a nice concept over here. A

is that I prefer to live upstream of this point.

guided early morning hike learned us more about this interesting environment. After this adventure, we went down to our final destination Croatia, were we could rest so far possible and visit the two cities Dubrovnik and Split in the last two days we had before we flew back to Schiphol again. To conclude this story: it was an interesting study tour with the combination of nice projects and a lot of fun! I want to thank Bas Heijman and Thom Bogaard for joining us and I am now already looking forward to next year’s study tour, the Grote Verre Reis to a more distant corner of the world. Keep up to date on: www.dispuutwatermanagement.nl

After this dirty part of the urban water cycle (I wonder if I may call it a real cycle after what we’ve seen), we went to the drinking water source of Sarajevo: the Bosna River spring where clear but very cold water is seeping out of the mountains. A small installation treats the water to an acceptable quality here. What I can remember is that there were pressure filters with a coagulant and after that only a chlorination step to improve the reliability of the water with regard to pathogens. Because it was around 30 °C outside, the comfortable temperature of 8 °C in the plant was highly appreciated by our group. After this visit, the HEIS

[email protected]

institute was on the program with for the third time a nice laboratory visit this week. The morning after this, we went further down to Montenegro.

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Media

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Promotie Jojanneke Dirksen

Afstuderen Udo Ouwerkerk

Afstuderen Rafael Romero

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Afstuderen Anthonie Hogendoorn

Afstuderen Marleen Heidekamp

Afstuderen Andreas Moerman

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Nieuwsbrief Sanitary Engineering

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