Mechanical engineering topics

Technická angličtina pro střední průmyslové školy se zaměřením na elektrotechniku a strojírenství

Mechanical engineering topics

„Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky“

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Materials used in engineering TALKING POINTS What materials do you know? What was the first material used by man? What material is used in aerospace industry? Name materials which you can find in a car.

PRE-READING Exercise 1

Fill in the table below.

MATERIAL

OBJECT

MATERIAL

wood

stone

steel

aluminum

copper

glass

gold

iron

rubber Exercise 2

tyre ,

OBJECT

plastic

In the periodic table find the English equivalents to the Czech elements below.

cín

- _______________________

zinek

- _______________________

železo

- _______________________

uhlík

- _______________________

měď

- _______________________

křemík - _______________________

hliník

- _______________________

titan

- _______________________

READING MATERIALS USED IN ENGINEERING When you create something there are many different material types to choose from. In this article we will focus on material engineering. The materials used in engineering are grouped roughly into two categories: Metallic and Non-metallic. NON-METALLIC MATERIALS The remarkable nonmetallic materials are plastics, ceramics, corundum, etc.


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METALLIC MATERIALS The most used metallic materials are steel and cast iron, aluminum and its alloys, copper and its alloy, tin, zinc, lead, wolfram, titanium. Metal is not only used for productions components but also for working and shaping of products. Furthermore, they are widely used as connecting material, making plating and as alloyed elements for steel. The best known materials in engineering are steel and cast iron. They are manufactured by mixing iron and carbon in a specific ratio. Steel contains carbon up to 2 % and cast iron more than 2%. Steel grades are classified by many standard organizations, based on the composition and the physical properties of the metal. Steel that contains less than 0,8% carbon is called hypoeutectoid and any steel with more than 0,8% carbon content is hypereutectoid. Higher carbon content increases hardness and strength and improves hardenability. The physical properties of steel include high strength, low weight, durability, flexibility, electrical conduction and corrosive and oxidation resistance. These properties of steel can be changed by adding certain alloys like chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, wolfram and other elements. For example chromium can reduce corrosion resistance of steel and manganese soften the steel structure and thus increases the solidity. Properties of metal materials can be purposely influenced by heat treatment. Steel often requires heat treatment to obtain improved properties (e.g. increasing hardness or strength) or to neutralize negative effects resulting from previous manufacturing processes (e.g. removing internal stresses generated by fabrication processes). Heat treatment is the process of controlled heating and cooling of metals to alter their physical ad mechanical properties. There are various heat treatment Cast iron is an alloy of iron (more than 95% by weight) and other elements. The main alloying elements are carbon and silicon. Cast irons contain appreciable amounts of silicon, normally 0,3 to 4% and the amount of carbon in cast irons is 2.1 to 4%. Cast iron tends to be brittle, except for malleable cast irons. With its low melting point, good fluidity, castability, excellent machinability, resistance to deformation, and wear resistance, cast irons have become an engineering material. Cast irons which are used the most are grey cast iron and malleable cast iron. Aluminum, another significant material, is remarkable for its ability to reset corrosion, light weight and for the metal’s low density. It is the most widely used non-ferrous metal. Structural components made from aluminum and its alloys are important especially in aerospace industry but also in other areas of transportation and building. Thanks to new methods of machining of aluminum alloys, steel constructions are replaced by aluminum alloys nowadays. However, aluminum alloy has to meet the requirements for solidity. The most popular aluminum alloy is duralumin because of its light weight and strength.


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Another material used in engineering is copper. Copper is malleable and ductile metal and is a good conductor of both heat and electricity. It is used mostly for making of electrical cables and in building industry as sheet copper. Copper is too soft in comparison to steel, so it is often incorporated in numerous alloys. They have higher resistance to corrosion and are often used in production of engineering components. The common copper alloys are brass and bronze. Brass is a yellow alloy of copper with zinc and bronze is an alloy of copper with tin. The highest strength-to-weight ratio of any metal has titanium, sometimes called „space age metal“. It has a low density and is strong, lustrous, and corrosion-resistant (also to sea water). Therefore, titanium and its alloys are used in aerospace, marine and automobile industry. Properties of metals can be changed by plating which is surface-covering where a metal is deposited on a conductive surface. Metals can be plated for several purposes, especially for increasing corrosion resistance, but also to improve adhesion, to alter conductivity, to harden, to reduce friction, etc. For example zinc plating, tin plating, chromium plating, etc.

VOCABULARY ability - schopnost above - nad accommodate – vyhovovat, odpovídat actually – ve skutečnosti amount - množství appreciable - patrný, zjevný article - článek based on - založený na basically - v podstatě best-known - nejznámější classify - (roz)třídit certain – určitý coarse - hrubý common - běný content - obsah deciding - rozhodující depending on - závisející na e.g. - např. etc. - atd. especially - obzvlášť fluid - tekutina, kapalina focus - zaměřit (se) furthermore - kromě toho, dale ještě grade - stupeň, třída, kvalita group into - seskupit however - ale, avšak

in comparison to - ve srovnání s inner - vnitřní like - jako meet the requirements - splňovat požadavky mine - těžit on the contrary - naopak poorly – špatně, chabě previous - předcházející property - vlastnost purpose - účel purposely - záměrně rapidly – rychle, náhle ratio - poměr recycle - recyklovat reprocess – znovu zpracovat remarkable - významný roughly – asi, zhruba several - několik specific - určitý suitable - vhodný significa nt - významný therefore - proto thus – tudíž, tak upper – horní, vyšší various – různý, různorodý widely – obecně, velmi


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TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY adhesion - přilnavost annealing - žíhání austenite - austenit brittle - křehký castability - slévatelnost combustible - vznětlivý component - součástka composition - složení conduction – vodivost, vedení conductive - vodivý conductor - vodič cooling - (o)chlazení corrosive resistance - odolný proti korozi covering - kryt, potah density - hustota ductile - kujný, tažný durable - odolný durability - odolnost duralumin - dural element - prvek engineering - strojírenství fabrication - výroba, zhotovení ferrous - železný, železitý flexibility - pružnost fluidity - slévatelnost, tekutost friction - tření hardening - kalení heating - ohřívání heat treatment - tepelné zpracování hardness - tvrdost hypoeutectoid - hypoeutektoidní hypereutectoid - hypereutektoidní industry - průmysl - aerospace - letecký - automobile - automobilový - marine - námořní internal stresses - vnitřní pnutí lustrous - lesklý, třpytivý machinability - obrábitelnost, opracovatelnost machining - obrábění malleable - kujný, tvárný martensite - martenzit melting point – bod tání metallic - kovový pearlite - perlit

plating - pokovování production - výroba resistance - odolnost solidity - pevnost strength - síla, pevnost surface – povrch transparent - průhledný wear resistance - odolnost proti opotřebení weight - váha VERBS add - přidat alter - změnit anneal - žíhat bend - ohýbat, ohnout connect - spojit contain - obsahovat create - (vy)tvořit deposit - položit determine - určovat differ - lišit se follow - následovat generate - vytvářet harden - kalit heat-treat – tepelně zpracovat improve - zlepšit include - zahrnovat, obsahovat increase - zvýšit incorporate - zahrnout, začlenit influence - ovlivnit involve -zahrnovat, obsahovat machine - opracovat strojem maintain - udržet, zachovat manufacture - vyrobit, zhotovit obtain - získat, obdržet plate - pokovit punch - uhodit reduce - zmenšit, omezit replace - nahradit require - požadovat shape - obrábět, tvarovat soften - změknout tend - tíhnout k, být náchylný use - používat, užít weld - svařovat MATERIALS, ELEMENTS alloy - slitina


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Technická angličtina pro střední průmyslové školy se zaměřením na elektrotechniku a strojírenství aluminum - _____________________ brass - mosaz bronze - bronz carbon - _____________________ cast iron - litina charcoal – dřevěné uhlí ceramic - keramika chromium - chrom coal – uhlí concrete – beton copper - _____________________ corundum - korund gold – zlato iron - _____________________ lead - olovo manganese - mangan

molybdenum - molybden nickel - nikl ore – ruda paper – papír plastic – umělá hmota, plast ruber – guma sheet copper – měděný plech silicon - _____________________ steel - ocel stone – kámen tin - _____________________ titanium - _____________________ wolfram - wolfram wood – dřevo zinc

-

SPEAKING Exercise 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Exercise 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Answer the questions. Which metallic and non-metallic materials do you know? What physical properties of steel do you remember? What is heat treatment? Why is steel heat-treated? What do you know about cast iron? Where is aluminum used and why? Which 2 well-known copper alloys do you know? Why is titanium called “space age metal”? Why are metals plated? What metals are good for plating? Decide whether the statements below are true or false T/F T/F T/F T/F T/F T/F T/F T/F T/F T/F

Steel is an alloy. Steel that contains less than 0,8% carbon is called hypereutectoid. Aluminum is the most widely used ferrous metal. Heat treatment is the process of controlled cooling of metals Cast iron is an alloy of iron, silicon, carbon and other elements Steel is not often recycled because it loses its physical properties Copper is an electrical conductor. Brass is an alloy of copper with tin. Aluminum is used in aerospace industry because of its nice silver colour. Copper is softer than steel.

VOCABULARY REVISION Exercise 1

Write down as many words as you can remember. (at least 3)


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1

metallic material

2

non-metallic material

3

conductive

4

solid

5

corrosion-resistant

Exercise 2

What are the properties of the following materials.

conductive

brittle

solid ferrous

corrosion-resistant lustrous

light

malleable adhesive

durable

soft

flexible

1. steel

- ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. aluminum

- ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. copper

- ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. cast iron

- ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. plastic

- ………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Exercise 3

ductile

Match the English and Czech words. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

adhesion castability conduction density solidity machining durability flexibility hardening annealing

pružnost pevnost odolnost žíhání přilnavost vodivost kalení hustota slévatelnost obrábění


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Exercise 4 Match the materials in the table with the definitions.

Copper Tin Zinc Gold Iron Aluminum Steel _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _____________________________________________________________________-

A silver-coloured metal, light in weight, used for making cooking equipments, aircraft parts A very strong hard metal made iron, used for making vehicles, tools, knives, machinery, etc. A soft, red-brown metal through which heat passes easily, used in electrical equipment and to make coins. A soft white metal often combined with other metals or applied as a protective covering for iron and steel. A bluish-white metal used in a production of other metals and for covering iron, wire,… A precious yellow metal used for making coins, ornaments, jewellery, etc. A common, very hard metal, used to make steel. Itn is also found in blood and in all living things

REVIEW 1. Describe heat treatment. 2. Have you ever seen heat treatment? Where? 3. Name some metals that you know and give examples where you can use them. 4. What tool do you need when you heat-treat steel?


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Semi-finished products TALKING POINTS What would be an ideal job for you? Would you like to be an engineer? What product from your everyday life was made by machining?

PRE-READING Exercise 1 A)

Label the shapes with the words below. B) C)

D)

E)

I)

J)

I F)

G)

1 2 3 4 5 Exercise 2

square triangle sphere cube oval

H)

6 7 8 9 10

Circle I-shape Pentagon Rectangle U-shape

Multiple-choice quiz. Choose the best answer.

1. LENGTH a. délka b. hloubka c. šířka 2. BREADTH a. délka b. hloubka c. šířka 3. DEPTH a. délka b. hloubka c. šířka

4. DENSITY a. povrch b. hustota c. váha 5. WEIGHT a. povrch b. hustota c. váha 6. SURFACE a. povrch b. hustota c. váha


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READING SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS You, future engineers, should know what engineering is and what products are made in the process of machining thanks to engineers. Man has always tried to produce things to make his life easier. As years passed the society has progressed and man found new ways of productions. Engineering is the special discipline of designing and manufacturing materials, structures, machines and devices. Engineering components are often made from semi-finished products. Semi-finished products are partly machined shapes that later are manufactured into finished products. A semi-finished product should be as much as possible similar to a finished product. Labour and machines are used to make products and it is long and expensive process. The production becomes cheaper when normalized semi-finished goods are used. They are rough-machined and used more in 1piece production and 2short-run production. While unnormalized semi-finished products are often used in series production and 3mass production. They are often made 4according to the customer's specifications and therefore they are designed 5precise with small machining allowance. Normalized semi-finished products: • • • • • • •

Blanks (blooms, billets,…) 6 Bars (circle, square, I,U-shaped) 7 Plates Strips 8 Pipes Wires Thin-walled profiles

Blanks, bars, plates and slabs are produced by hot rolling or cold rolling and can be also calibrated by die drawing. Pipes are made by bending and welding sheets or plates, weldless pipes have to be rolled in a special way or extruded and then die drawn. Die drawing is also used to produce wires . Unnormalized semi-finished products: • Castings • Forgings • Pressings • Weldments • Cuttings • Soldered semi-finished products


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VOCABULARY according to the customer’s specifications – na zakázku as much as possible – co nejvíce engineering - strojírenství labour - práce make sth.easier - ulehčit pass - minout progress - pokrok similar - podobný society - společnost precise - přesný thanks to - díky therefore - proto use - používat while - zatímco customer - zákazník TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY bend – ohnout, ohžbag billet - sochor blank - předvalek bloom – blok calibrate - kalibrovat

casting - odlitek component – součástka, součást cutting - odřezek device - zařízení die drawing – tažení průvlaky extrude - protlačovat forging – výkovek goods - zboží machine – stroj vyrobit, obrábět strojem - machining - obrábění machining allowance - přídavek na obrábění manufacture - vyrobit mass production - hromadná výroba (un)normalized (ne)normalizované piece production – kusová výroba pipe - trubka plate - plech pressing – výlisek production - výroba

rolling - válcování - hot rolling – válcování za tepla - cold rolling – válcování za studen rough-machined – hrubě obráběný sheet - plech soldered semi-finished product - pájený polotovar series production – sériová výroba strip - pás semi-finished products polotovary shape - tvar short-run production - hromadná výroba thin-walled profile – tenkostěnný profil weld - svářet weldless pipe – bezešvé trubky weldment - svarek wire - drát

SPEAKING Exercise 1

Answer the questions.

1.

What is “engineering”?

2.

Why are semi-finished products used?

3.

Can you name any normalized semi-finished products?

4.

Can you name and unnormalized semi-finished products?

Exercise 2

Decide whether the statements below are true or false.

1.

T/F

Engineers design and manufacture materials, structures, machines,...

2.

T/F

Blanks, bars, plates and slabs are produced by hot rolling.

3.

T/F

Normalized semi-finished products are used in mass production.

4.

T/F

Die drawing is also used to produce bars.


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Find the synonyms in the article and translate them. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h)

Exercise 3

accurate tube quantity production rod short-run production small-lot production per order sheet Are these products normalized or unnormalized?

weldments

pipes blanks

castings

forgings wires

cuttings


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Exercise 4

Solve the crossword.

12 11

13 B

1

14 2

H

D

15 C

3 16 E

9

6 G

8

F 17

4 5

Solution:

A

B

ACROSS 1. svarky 2. odřezky 3. výkovky 4. zboží 5. tyče 6. plechy 7. výlisky

7

C

D

E

F

G

A

H

8. trubky 9. předvalky

15. pás 16. bloky 17. odlitky

DOWN 11. dráty 12. válcování 13. polotovar 14. tenkostěnný profil


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Machining 1 TALKING POINTS You know what is machine? What do you think that machining is? What is CNC machine? What is the hardest material in the world? What is it used for?

PRE-READING Exercise 1

Without a dictionary, try to translate the following words into Czech. workpiece ________________________ thermal process ________________________ deviation ________________________ high-speed steel - ________________________ electro-erosion machining - ________________________ water-jet - ________________________

READING MACHINING 1 Machining is the process of removing material from a workpiece to achieve desired shape and size. The material is cut by sharp cutting tools (such as lathes, milling machines and drill presses) into the form of chips, sometimes called also swarf. Machining is a precise procedure compared to forming, molding and casting and therefore it is necessary where high degree tolerances on dimensions and high-quality finished products are required. A finished product would be a workpiece that meets the specifications set out by engineering drawings. A lot of factors play an important role to achieve the desired product, e.g. tool size, tool shape, level of contact with the tool, the depth of the cuts and also relative motion. During machining process a relative motion is produced between the tool and the workpiece. The primary motion is called “cutting speed” and the secondary motion is called “feed”. The cutting speed of the machine is the rotation of the workpiece against the tool. Feed is the distance of tool travel during one revolution of the part. The type of material to be cut is a deciding factor when determining the correct speed and feed rate. Machinist also has to keep in mind that a machining allowance on specific parts of a given workpiece is needed. Unlike a tolerance, which is an unplanned deviation, machining allowance is planed deviation. Machining has to be viewed as a system consisting of the machine – the tool – the workpiece but also as a group of manufacturing operations. There are two categories of machining, traditional and nontraditional. The machining operations that use single- or multi-point cutting tools (each with a clearly defined geometry) to remove material in the form of chips are traditional methods. They include turning, milling, dribling, planning, grinding, honing, loping, etc.. Whereas the use of chemical, thermal, or electrical processes to machine a workpiece and remove material is nontraditional method. Nontraditional machining includes a wide range of operations used for special purposes, e.g. laser, waterjet and electro-erosion machining.


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Technická angličtina pro střední průmyslové školy se zaměřením na elektrotechniku a strojírenství Cutting tool is a device used to remove the unwanted material from a given workpiece. Different materials can be used for cutting tools but they must have the following properties: high hardness (higher than a workpiece), heat and wear resistance, bending strength, toughness and thermal stability. There are only few materials used for cutting tools: • High-speed steel – This material is the least-expensive and shortest-lived. • Indexable carbide – These tools are more expensive than steel but they last longer, and can be run much faster. They are used in the long run. • Ceramic – It is a cheap tool material which can cut almost any metal but it is very brittle • Diamond – It is the hardest known material and is suitable for machining very hard materials such as ceramics. • Cubic boron nitride – CBN has been developed as an alternative to diamond for machining ferrous materials and unlike diamond it is thermally stable. During the machining process it is also important to study the chip formation because it affects the surface finish, temperature, cutting forces, tool life and dimensional tolerance. Understanding the chip formation will allow us to determine the machining speeds, feed rates and depth of cuts for efficient machining. The quality of a workpiece and cutting conditions influence the properties of chips. The chips can be classified into three types 1. Discontinuous or segmental chips 2. Continuous chips 3. Continuous chips with built-up edge

VOCABULARY affect – ovlivnit allow – dovolit classify – (roz)třídit (do skupin) conditions – podmínky defined – definovaný degree – stupeň, míra depth – hloubka desired - požadovaný device – zařízení, přístroj distance – vzdálenost efficient – výkoný following - následující formation – tvorba given – daný level – úroveň, stupeň motion – pohyb necessary – nutný precise – přesný primary – primární properties – vlastnosti purpose – účel range – škála, rejstřík

rate – poměr / rychlost relative – paralelní revolution – otáčka, obrátka rotation – otočení shape – tvar sharp – ostrý size – velikost surface – povrch understanding – porozumění unwanted – nechtěný

TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY bending strength – pevnost v ohybu casting – lití ceramic – keramika cubic boron nitride – kubický nitrid bóru cutting force – řezná síla cutting speed – řezná rychlost cutting tool – řezný nástroj deviation – odchylka diamond – diamant dimension – rozmě

drilling – vrtání drilling press – sloupová vrtačka engineering drawing – technický výkres feed – posuv feed rate – velikost posuvu forming – tváření grinding – broušení hardness – tvrdost heat resistance – odolnost proti žáru honing – honování chip – tříska indexable carbide – slinutý karbid lapping – lapování lathe – soustruh machine – stroj, obrábět machining – obrábění milling - frézování milling machine - fréza moulding – strojové matricování multi-point tool


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Technická angličtina pro střední průmyslové školy se zaměřením na elektrotechniku a strojírenství planning - hoblování single-point tool swarf - třísky thermal stability – tepelná stálost toughness – tuhost, pevnost travel – (tech.) pohyb, posun turning – soustružení wear resistance

– odolnost proti opotřebení workpiece – obrobek

VERBS achieve – dosáhnout determine – určit include – obsahovat, zahrnovat meet specifications – splňovat přesné stanovení

play an important role – hrát důležitou roli remove – odstranit require – vyžadovat set out – rozvrhnout, vytýčit view – posuzovat, vidět

SPEAKING Exercise 1 1.

Answer the questions. What is machining?

2.

What is more precise – machining or forming?

3.

What machining deviations are mentioned in the article ? Which one is the unplanned?

4.

What traditional machining methods do you remember?

5.

What nontraditional machining methods do you remember?

6.

Why is chip formation important?

Exercise 2

Decide whether the statements below are true or false, according to what you read in the article.

1.

T/F

The depth of the cuts plays an important role to achieve the desired product.

2.

T/F

The primary motion is called “cutting feed” and the secondary motion is speed.

3.

T/F

Machining is the system consisting of the workpiece, the tool and the machine.

4.

T/F

Traditional machining uses cutting tools to remove material in the form of chips

5.

T/F

Water-jet machining and laser machining are used for special purposes.

6.

T/F

There are a few types of chips, e.g. continuous chip, discontinuous chip, etc.


Translate the words on the right and complete the table. All the words in the table are –ing ending!

1

ing

-

Soustružení

2

ing

-

Frézování

3

ing

-

Tváření


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Exercise 2

4

hon ing

-

Honování

5

ing

-

Vrtání

6

ing

-

Obrábění

7

ing

-

Broušení

8

ing

-

Hoblování

9

ing

-

Řezání

10

ing

-

Lapování

1.

Match the words on the left with the definitions on the right. Workpiece

2.

Chip

3.

Nontraditional machining

4.

Single-point tool

5.

Traditional machining

6.

Multi-point tool

a)

The group of machining operations that use single- or multi-point tools to remove material in the form of chips. b) A part that is being worked on during manufacturing. c) An unwanted piece of metal that is removed from a workpiece. d) A machining tool that has two or more cutting edges. e) A machining tool that has one cutting edge. f)

The use of chemical, thermal, or electrical processes to machine a workpiece and remove material.


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Exercise 3

Translate the words on the right and fill in the crossword.

1

1

tříska

2

2

tuhost, pevnost

3

3

lití

4

4

soustruh

5

5

obrobek

6

6

tvrdost

7

7

broušení

8

8

Hloubka

9

9

Účel

10

10 vlastnost

11

11 obsahovat, zahrnovat

REVIEW 1. What is machining? 2. There are 2 categories of machining, which ones? Give examples! 3. What material of cutting tools do you remember? 4. Why is chip formation important?


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Machining 2 TALKING POINT What is machining?

READING MACHINING 2 Machining is a very important process in today’s engineering and manufacturing practice. There are two basic methods of machining, conventional and non-conventional., sometimes also referred to as traditional and untraditional.

• CONVENTIONAL PROCESSES They are based on removing material in the form of chips by using a wedge shaped tool which is harder than a workpiece. The conventional processes are turning, milling, drilling, broaching, planing and slotting or finishing operations – honing, lapping, superfining, grinding, ... Turning is one of the most basic machining operations used to produce cylindrical components. The main rotating cutting motion is done by a workpiece, while feed and infeed is done by a tool. Turning is performed on a machine called a lathe (the process is controlled manually) or on a modern computer numerical controlled (CNC) machine (the process is controlled by computer). When turning, the workpiece is held and rotated around a horizontal axis while being formed to size and shape by a cutting tool, called a turning tool. The turning tool is stationary, single-point and parallel to the surface. The workpiece is mounted in a chuck, collet or faceplate. Typical examples of the products made by turning process include internal or external cylindrical components or threads. The lathe can be also used for other machining operation like drilling or boring. Milling is a machining process for producing parts having flat, angular or curved shapes like grooves, helixes, geared wheelss, etc. In the milling process, the cutting motion is carried out by a rotating tool while feed and infeed is done by a workpiece in three perpendicular directions – vertical, longitudinal or crosswise. The workpiece is commonly held in a vise or similar device clamped to a table, that can move, and fed against a rotating multiple-tooth tool known as the milling cutter. Drilling is a machining process of making cylindrical holes and it is extensively used because most of components have one or more holes in them. The cutting motion and feed is performed by a rotating tool while the infeed is given by the radius of a drill. The drilling operation can be carried out on a drilling machine but a lathe can be used for drilling as well. The tool used for making holes is called a drill. The workpiece remains stationary and the drill is rotated as well as fed into the workpiece. The vertical motion of the drill is the feed in drilling operations. There are various finishing operations used for enlarging an existing hole and to achieve greater accuracy of the diameter of a hole, e.g. boring, counterboring, countersinking or reaming. Finish machining operations are grinding, honing, lapping, and superfinishing. They are used to improve surface finish (by removing scratches or machine marks), abrade hard materials and increase geometric form of a surface.


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• NON-CONVENTIONAL PROCESSES Conventional machining of some alloys into complex shapes is difficult, time-consuming and sometimes impossible. These advanced alloys are very hard, high-strength, temperature-resistant or too brittle. To overcome these problems, non-conventional operations are used. They are characterized by utilizing some form of energy for metal machining instead of a traditional tool. They can be broadly classified according to the type of energy employed, e.g. water jet, ultrasonic, electron-beam, laser-beam, plasma-beam, chemical cutting, etc. These non-conventional processes play an important role in modern manufacturing industries, especially, in aircraft, aerospace and nuclear industries or tool and die making industry.

VOCABULARY abrade – brousit, obrušovat accuracy přesnost achieve dosáhnout angular hranatý axis - osa chip - tříska chuck - sklíčidlo clamp - upínat collet - kleština component součástka crosswise příčný curved – zakřivený, ohntý cutting motion – řezný pohyb cylindrical válcový

device – zařízení, přístroj diameter - průměr drill - vrták drilling machine - vrtačka enlarge – rozšířit, zvětšit extensively - značně faceplate – lícní upínací deska feed - posuv feed – dávkovat, podávat geared wheel – ozubené kolo groove - drážka hold - držet hole - díra horizontal - vodorovný important - důležitý improve- zlepšit increase - zvýšit infeed - přísuv lathe - soustruh longitudinal - podélný mark – stopa, značka milling cutter - fréza

motion - pohyb mount – upevnit, přimontovat multiple-tooth - mnohozubý parallel - rovnoběžný perform - vykonávat perpendicular - kolmý radius – dosah, poloměr působnosti refer – týkat se, vztahovat se remain - zůstat remove - odstranit rotate – točit, otáčet se scratch – škrábanec, rýha shape - tvar single-point- jednobodový size - velikost helix - šroubovice stationary - nehybný surface - povrch thread - závit tool - nástroj utilize - využít vertical - svislý vise - svěrák wedge - klín

TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY Boring - vyvrtávání Broaching - protahování Conventional - konvenční Drilling – vrtání Finishing – dokončovací operace, konečná úprava Grinding - broušení Honing - honování Lapping - lapování Milling - frézování Non-conventional - nekonvenční Planning - hoblování Reaming – vystružování Recessing - zahlubování Slotting - obrážení Superfinishing superfinišování Turning - soustružen

SPEAKING Exercise 1 Answer the questions. 1.

What is the diference between conventional and non-conventional processes?

2.

What do we call the machine used in turning?

3.

What operations can be done on a lathe?

4.

What device is used during milling to hold the workpiece?


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Technická angličtina pro střední průmyslové školy se zaměřením na elektrotechniku a strojírenství 5.

What is the name of the machining operation used for making holes?

6.

What finishing processes do you know and why are they employed?

7.

Name some non-conventional processes.

Exercise 2 Decide whether the statements below are true or false. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

T / F Turning, drilling and laser-beam machining are conventional machining processes. T / F Products made by turning include internal cylindrical components or threads. T / F In conventional processes, a tool is used to cut material, whereas in non-conventional processes, some form of energy is used to remove material. T / F Drilling is a process for producing flat, angular or curved shaped components. T / F Conventional machining of some alloys into complex shapes is not easy and sometimes not possible.


Correct the spelling

planning miling honning dificcult engeniring proces metod acuraccy britle laser-beem Exercise 2

Fill in the table.

Turning

Milling

Drilling

Broaching

TOOL

— Fill in the table.

Cutting motion

Feed

Infeed

Turning

workpiece

tool

tool

Milling

tool

Drilling Broaching

Grinding

broaching machine

MACHINE

Exercise 3

Planning Slotting

workpiece tool

tool

given by a radius of a drill

Tool


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Planning, Slotting Grinding

Exercise 4

workpiece tool

tool tool

Translate the following article into English

SOUSTRUŽENÍ Soustružení je nejjednodušší a nejužívanější způsob obrábění. Je to obráběcí metoda používaná pro zhotovení válcových ploch, většinou jednobřitým nástrojem. Stroje se nazývají soustruhy. Soustruhy používáme nejen k soustružení, ale taky k vrtání nebo vyvrtávání.

Exercise 5

Choose one conventional machining operation and describe it in 3-5 sentences. You can use vocabulary from exercise 2 and 3.


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Exercise 6

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sklíčidlo C…… konvenční upínací vložka vrtání posuv tvar,forma broušení drážka honování díra vnitřní přísuv lapování

C…… C…… D…… F…… F…… G…… G…… H…… H…… I…… I…… L……

soustruh stroj metoda ; frézování hoblování vystružování obráženíS…… povrch vřeteno S…… nástroj soustružení svěrák obrobek W……

L…… M…… M…… M…… P…… R…… S…… T…… T…… V……


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Metal forming processes TALKING POINTS Use dictionary if necessary. • • • •

Brainstorm as many tools as you can. What tool do you use at home and when. What tool do you use in your workshop lessons What tool do you think is used to form metals?

READING METAL-FORMING PROCESSES Two important metal shaping processes are machining and forming. Unlike machining, forming is a chipless process, which means that energy and money for removing and depreciating wasted material is saved. Forming is widely used nowadays, more than machining. In forming process, a force is applied to a workpiece to modify its geometry rather than remove material (like in machining processes). So the workpiece is plastically deformed without reducing its structural cohesion and physical properties of metal are improved. Forming is used in mass production, because of money, energy and also raw material savings and high-speed production, while machining is used in piece production, because of higher precision. Metal material can be formed in cold or hot conditions. If the temperature during processing is more than the recrystallization temperature of the metal, the process is called hot forming or hot working and it is cold forming or cold working if the temperature is kept bellow the temperature of recrystalization. 1) Hot forming processes: Forging can be defined as the process wherein a workpiece is plastically deformed by applying compressive force. Forging is the oldest known metal forming process. Nowadays, it is an important manufacturing technique used to produce high-strength components, stronger than by any other metalworking process. It can be performed in different ways (pressing or hammering) and temperatures (usually hot). Forging temperature is a temperature at which a metal becomes soft or its shape can be changed by applying a relatively small force without creating cracks in metal. There are two types of forging processes: open die forging and closed die forging). Open die forging (hand forging) is the term used for compressive forming performed between plain dies with no restriction at the ends. During deformation the workpiece is squeezed between flat dies or dies of simple shape while it is hammered or pressed. It is usually used for making heavy products (over 150 ton) that are too large for close die forging. However, because of lower cost over component life, low volume parts can be forged during open die forging process as well. Today, it is also considerably used for preforming material for subsequent metal forming process. In closed die forging (impression die forging) the workpiece is plastically deformed in a die. The workpiece is confined in a die which is a two-part form attached to a hammer anvil or press. The cavity of a die has an


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Technická angličtina pro střední průmyslové školy se zaměřením na elektrotechniku a strojírenství inverse pre-formed profile of the desired part and it must be resistant to thermal and mechanical fatigue. The workpiece is usually heated before placing in a die and then is pressed or hammered until it flow and fill the die cavity. The forging is done under great pressure and while the two halves of a die are brought together a portion of the metal flows beyond the die cavity to form a flash. The flash is excess metal and after cooling of the workpiece it is trimmed out to achieve the end product geometry. Close die forging can be used to produce difficult geometries with high accuracy. It is the most common method of forging and is cost-effective for high volume production. 2) Cold forming processes: These processes are applied for soft materials otherwise the workpiece would crack. The force required for cold forming must be much higher than in hot forming. Cold forming is a cheap high-speed manufacturing technique. Cold forming processes include the following: blanking, bending, extrusion, rolling and many others. Blanking is a metal forming operation in which a piece of sheet metal is removed from a larger piece by applying a great shearing force. In this process, the removed piece, the blank, is not scrap but the desired part. Blanking can be used to cut out parts in almost any 2D shape, but is most commonly used to cut workpieces with simple geometries that will be further shaped in subsequent processes. Bending is a cold forming process during which material is plastically deformed into various bend angles. The act of bending results in both tension and compression in the sheet metal. The outside fibres are subjected to tensile strain and they extend while the inside fibres are subjected to compressive strain and they shrink. The compressive stress changes into tensile stress at neutral axis where neither compressive nor tensile strain occurs. For bend stabilization the bend axis should be perpendicular to fibre direction. When the bending pressure is removed at the end of the deformation operation, the material has a tendency to partially return to its original shape. Due to this elastic recovery, called spring-back, it is necessary to overbend the sheet to achieve the desired bend angle. Drawing is a metal forming process which uses tensile forces to stretch metal into the desired shape. The workpiece is stretched around a plug and then pulled through a die. Common shapes for drawn products include cylinders for aluminium cans, kitchen sinks or cups for baking pans. The metal used in this process must be malleable as well as resistant to stress and tension damage. Extrusion is the process by which long straight metal parts with various cross-sections can be produced. The cross-sections vary from round, rectangular, to L shapes, T shapes, tubes and many other different types. Extrusion is done by squeezing metal in a closed cavity and then pushed through an extrusion die of the desired cross-sections. This process can be used for those materials which can withstand the stresses created by extrusion, e.g. lead, tin, aluminium alloys, coper, titanium, steel, etc.

VOCABULARY accuracy – přesnost achieve – dosáhnout anvil – kovadlina attach – připevnit axis – osa baking pan with cups – plech na muffiny beyond – mimo, za blank – výstřižek blanking die – střižnice

blanking press – střihadlo blanking punch – střižník cavity – dutina chipless – beztřískový compression – tlak compressive – stlačující conditions - podmínky considerably – značně crack – prasklina, trhlina - praskat

cross-section – průřez cutout – výřez cylinder – válec deform – přetvářet, měnit tvar depreciate – znehodnotit (forging) die – zápustka excess – nadbytek extend – prodlužovat, roztahovat extrusion die – průtlačnice fatigue – únava (materiálu)


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Technická angličtina pro střední průmyslové školy se zaměřením na elektrotechniku a strojírenství fiber – vlákno fill – vyplnit flash – výronek flow – téct force – síla fracture – zlomit se gap – mezera grain structure – struktura zrnění hammer – kovat, tlouct kladivem - buchar, kladivo hammering – kování bucharem (kladivem) high-strength – s vysokou pevností inverse – obrácený malleable – tvárný mass – hmota, množství modify – upravit performing –předběžné tváření, předtvarování plain – plochý, rovný plug – razník, tažník portion – část precision – přesnost processing – zpracování productivity rate – produktivita

profile – profil, tvar rate – tempo / poměr raw material – surovina recovery – návrat (do původního stavu) reduce – zmenšit,snížit remain – zůstat resistant – odolný restriction – omezení result – má za následek scrap – odpad shearing – stříhací sheet metal – plech shrink – zkracovat se, smrštit se sink – dřez spring back – odpružení squeeze – sevřít, stlačit stabilization – zpevnění strain – napětí stress – napětí subjected – vystavený (tahu/tlaku) subsequent – následující tension – tah trim out – odstřihnout vary – lišit wastage - odpad withstand - odolat

TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY blanking – střihání close die forging – zápustkové kování drawing - tažení extrusion – protlačování forming – tváření forging – kování open die forging – volné kování


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SPEAKING Exercise 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.


What is the difference between machining and forming? What is forging? What is a die and what is the difference between the dies used in open or close die forging? What is flash? Why must be the materials soft and malleable when they are formed in cold conditions? What is the equipment used in blanking process? What force can occur while bending – tension or compression? And where? What is a spring-back? What drawing products do you know? What materials should be used in extrusion process?

Exercise 2 1.

T/F

2.

T/F

3.

4.

T/F T/F

5. 6. 7. 8.

T/F T/F T/F T/F

9. 10.

T/F T/F

Decide whether the statements below are true or false, according to what you read in the article.

Machining and forming are two important processes of shaping by removing material from workpiece to achieve a desired shape. In bending process, the neutral axis is a line where are no tensile and compressive stresses and strains. Close die forging is very expensive for high volume production Unlike hot forming, cold forming is the process where greater force must be used to shape the metals Actually, a blank is not a waste product but a desired product of blanking. In bending, inside fibers are affected with a tensile force and outside a with compressive force. Drawing is used for utensils production. The cross-section of a extrusion product can have just 5 shapes – round, rectangular, L shapes, T shapes and tubes. Open die forging is utilized usually in production of heavy parts. Forging temperature is a temperature which metal workpiece must achieve to be smoothly forged without creating cracks


Choose the correct process.

1.

Extrusion / Forging is a process of producing a metal component by hammering.

2.

Blanking / Bending is a mechanical process of shearing metal workpiece into a desired shape.

3.

Drawing / Extrusion is a forming method in which a workpiece is forced through a shaped die.

4.

Drawing / Extrusion is a technique of pulling a metal through a hole of a die to change its shape.

5.

Forging / Bending is a metal forming process when workpiece assumes a curved shape.

Exercise 2 1.

Translate into English:

Oproti volnému kování, zápustkové kování dosahuje větší přesnosti. „Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky“

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Technická angličtina pro střední průmyslové průmyslové školy se zaměřením na elektrotechniku a strojírenství

2. 3. 4. 5.

Tah přechází v tlak na neutrální ose – vlákna v této ose nejsou namáhána na tlak ani na tah. Materiál musíme ohnout více kvůli odpružení. Úhel odpružení můžeme najít v tabulkách. Teplý kov se vloží do dutiny zápustky, kde se materiál deformuje a vyplní dutinu. Teplota tváření za tepla je nad teplotou rekrystalizace, teplota tváření za studena je bod touto teplotou.

Exercise 3

Look at the photograph. photog In pairs, answer the question.

1.

Who do you think the man is?

2.

Where do you think he is?

3.

What do you think he is doing?

4.

Describe the whole process.

5.

Have you ever done this in your school workshop?


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Exercise 4

Exercise 5

What do you know about the dies listed bellow? •

Forging die –

•

Blanking die –

•

Extrusion die –

Choose one metal forming operation and describe it in 3-5 sentences.


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Metal joining processes TALKING POINTS Work in pairs. 1. Use knowledge gained in your Technology lessons and write down techniques which can be used to connect 2 metal material. (use dictionaries if necessary) 2.

Have you ever tried any of these techniques in your school workshops?

3.

Could you briefly describe any of them?

4.

Do you like your lessons in your school workshop? w Why?/Why not?

5.

Look at the pictures bellow and discuss what the people are doing.


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a) .................................................................................... ................................ b) .................................................................................... ................................ c) .................................................................................... ................................ d) .................................................................................... ................................ e) .................................................................................... ................................

READING METAL-JOINING PROCESSES Joining of metal materials is required when the desired component cannot be made by means of metal forming or machining. The essential metal joining operations are welding, soldering, adhesive bonding, riveting and bolting. Each of these metal joining processes has their own pros and cons. WELDING is the most common way of joining two workpieces to produce a single sing piece of metal. The coalescence of metals is done by applying heat, pressure or both and the weld is made when the edges of workpieces are melted so that they fuse permanently. This is done with or without the use of a filler material. According to the energy sources used for joining we distinguish several types of welding, such as gas welding, arc welding, laser welding, electron beam welding, resistance welding, etc. SOLDERING is another joining process in which two workpieces are joined together with a molten metal, a solder. The solder,, a cohesive metal, is characterized by a lower melting point than the joining metal. In the process, the surface of workpieces is cleaned - initially mechanically and then by applying a melting flux on the „Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky“

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workpieces. Afterwards, the workpieces are heated with a soldering iron above the melting point of the solder and the solder is drawn into the joint where it is smoothly spread to form a bond. Unlike welding the edges of workpieces are not melted and fused, they are joined through a solder. So the advantage of soldering is that dissimilar materials may be joined. ADHESIVE BONDING is an effective metal-joining process used to fasten two workpieces together through an adhesive which must be highly adhesive and cohesive. Several types of adhesives can be utilized and the best choice of adhesive depends on the materials to be bonded. The bond is strong, corrosion resistant, cleanlooking and often has a good heat, sound and electrical insulation. Adhesive application is also crucial for bond quality – so the way of adhesive distribution and the depth of distributed layer are very important. Different materials with dissimilar thicknesses can be employed in this process. RIVETING is a joining technique wherein two workpieces are connected with rivets. A rivet is a permanent metal fastener in a shape of a pin with a head on one end and a plain tail, a shank, on the other. The rivet is placed in a punched hole passing through two connecting workpieces. Then, the part of shank protruding from the hole is hammered or pressed to form a second head to the rivet and to connect the workpieces together. The inserting rivets may be either hot or cold – depending on the ductility of the rivet material. Riveting is relatively cheap, strong and can join dissimilar materials with different thicknesses but it is now hardly seen. BOLTING – refers to a temporary method of joining metal materials. The workpieces is connected by a threaded fastener, bolt. It comprises of a hexagonal head and a circular shank which may be fully or partly threaded. The bolt is screwed in a threaded hole passing through two workpieces and then fully tightened. The bolted joint can withstand huge amount of pressure. Bolting is very rapid method that requires less skilled labour therefore it is economical. The advantage against other joining methods is that the bolted joints can be easily disassembled by removing bolts.

VOCABULARY above – nad adherent – přilnavý, lepený adhesive – lepidlo - přilnavý, lepící affect – působit afterwards – poté, potom apply – aplikovat, nanést assemble – dát dohromady assume – osvojit si bolt – šroub (s maticí) bond – pojivo, spojení – spojit, slepit coalescence – sloučení cohesive – soudržný comprise – obsahovat, skládat se z conditions – podmínky crucial – rozhodující desired – požadovaný disassemble – rozebrat dissimilar – různý, rozdílný distinguish – rozlišovat

draw – táhnout ductility - tvárnost edge – konec effective – účinný, užitečný employ – používat ensure – zajistit fasten – připevnit fastener – spojovací prvek filler – tmel, výplň flame - plamen flux – tavidlo fuse – roztavit hammer – buchar, kladivo heat – teplo hexagonal – šestiboký initially – nejdříve insert – vložit instantly – okamžitě insulation – izolace joint – spoj, spojení labour – práce layer – vrstva

low cost – levný melt – tavit melting point – bod tání molten – roztavený obtain – získat, obdržet pass through – procházet pin – špendlík pressure – tlak proper – vhodný pros and cons – důvody pro a proti punched – děrovaný rapid - rychlý refer – týkat se, vztahovat se require – vyžadovat resistance – odolnost resistant – odolný screw – šroubovat separate – oddělit several – několik shank – dřík (šroubu, nýtu) skilled – kvalifikovaný


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smoothly – hladce source – zdroj spread – rozprostřít tail – spodní konec, ocas temporary – dočasný tension – napětí thickness – tloušťka threaded – závitový, se závitem thus – tudíž, tedy unlike – na rozdíl od utilize – využít variety – rozmanitost withstand – odolávat, snášet

TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY adhesive bonding – lepení bolting – spojení šrouby metal joining – spojování kovových materiálů riveting – nýtování rivet – nýt

soldering – pájení solder – pájka soldering iron – páječka welding – svařování arc welding – svař. elektrickým oblokem gas welding – svař. plamenem electron beam welding – svař. elektron. paprskem resistance welding – svař. el. odporem

SPEAKING Exercise 1


1.

What are the basic joining processes?

2.

What happens after applying heat on the edges of connected workpieces?

3.

What is a solder?

4.

What is used as a joining material in adhesive bonding?

5.

What is important during the adhesive application?

6.

What is the name of the fastener used in the riveting process?

7.

Is bolting a permanent or temporary joining process?

Exercise 2 1. 2.

Decide whether the statements below are true or false.

T / F In welding process, the connection of two workpieces is done through heating the edges of workpieces until they melt and then fuse. T / F Welding is the most common joining process.

5.

T / F A solder is a molten metal used to connect two workpieces. It is characterized by having low melting point, lower than melting point of soldered workpieces. T / F Dissimilar materials with different thickness can be used in soldering, riveting and adhesive bonding. T / F Today, riveting is not used very much.

6.

T / F Bolting is a temporary process and the bond can be easily broken by removing the bolts.

3. 4.


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Match the highlighted words in the text with their synonyms bellow.

1.

advantages and disadvantages

2.

in contrast with

3.

connection

4.

basic

5.

work

6.

different

7.

used

8.

low cost

9.

includes

10. quick

Exercise 2

Fill in the table

welding

soldering

adhesive bonding

Joining process is (permanent or temporary) Fastener is called a

riveting

bolting

permanent solder

Dissimilar materials can be connected. (Y/N)

Yes

Exercise 3 Complete the text. 1.

The process of connecting two metal materials is ___________ _______________.

2.

In soldering process we need to use a __________ which removes oxides and prevents reoxidation. The oxides would affect the quality of a ___________.

3.

The brazing uses ___________ as a solder and ___________ as a flux.

4.

A _____________ is put in a hole passing through workpieces, then the shank is deformed to create the second _______________ to connect the workpieces.

5.

_____________________welding is very expensive used especially in space industry.


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Exercise 4 Translate into English: 1.

Svařování je proces vytváření trvalého spoje dvou kovových materiálů.

2.

Pájka je kov nebo slitina kovů, která taje při nízké teplotě a používá se ke spojování kovových materiálů.

3.

4.

Výhody lepení jsou tyto: a.

spoj má vysokou pevnost

b.

spoj je odolný vůči korozi

c.

různé kovové materiály mohou být spojovány

Na rozdíl od spojování šrouby je nýtování trvalý proces.

Exercise 5 Choose one metal joining operation and describe it in 3-5 sentences.


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Business English - CV and Cover Letter CV: CV (stands for curriculum vitae – Latin for “course of life”) or resume is a document used to present the person’s educational and professional history, achievements and skillsets. It is used for a variety of reasons but most often to secure new employment. The CV is one of the first items, along with a cover letter and sometimes job application, that a potential employer encounters and is typically used to screen applicants, often followed by an interview, when seeking employment.


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SAMPLE CV:

CV PERSONAL DETAILS

Jan Novak

Name: Address: Masarykova 1, OLOMOUC Telephone: 603 123 456 Email: [email protected] D.O.B.: January 1, 1991 EDUCATION 2007 - 2011

Střední průmyslová škola strojnická (Technical Secondary School of Mechanical Engineering), tř.17.listopadu 49, 772 11 Olomouc 585 549 111, [email protected], www.spssol.cz

EMPLOYMENT HISTORY July 2009

Mechanic and machine adjuster SIGMA 1868 spol. s r.o., Jana Sigmunda 79, 786 50 Lutín 585 651 302, [email protected], http://www.sigma1868.cz Jul-Aug 2010 CNC machine operator HONEYWELL Aerospace Olomouc s.r.o., Nádražní 400, 783 66 Hlubočky – Mariánské Údolí 585 128 111, [email protected], www.honeywell.cz OTHER SKILLS Computer Languages

- Microsoft Office, AutoCAD, Autodesk Inventor - English (intermediate) - German (elementary) Driving licence B


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COVER LETTER: Cover letter is a letter of introduction to an employer which is attached to CV. When you apply for a job, you should send this letter to potentional employers to introduce yourself and to explain your suitability for the desired position. A cover letter is a critical part of the job search process because it allows you the first opportunity to gain some interest from the employer.

SAMPLE COVER LETTER:

Jan Novak Masarykova 1, Olomouc 77200 603 123 456, [email protected] th

25 October, 2011 ABSC Olomouc s.r.o., Lidická 1245, 772 00 Olomouc Dear Sirs / Madams, I would be grateful if you considered my application for the position your company has advertised in the Mladá Fronta Dnes. As you will see from the accompanying CV, I have just left Technical Secondary School of Mechanical Engineering and am looking for a post which would allow me to put into practice what I have learnt over the past four years. With my background in mechanical engineering and computer studies, a company such as yours would offer the ideal opportunity for me and I would be very happy to have the chance to work in the kind of area your advertisement describes. Thank you in advance for your time and consideration. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions. Yours faithfully, Jan Novak

VOCABULARY accompany – doprovázet achievement – úspěch advertise – inzerovat allow – dovolit, umožnit along with – spolu s applicant – uchazeč, žadatel application – žádost apply for – žádat o

attach – připojit background – průprava, vzdělání consider – vzít v úvahu, posoudit course of life – běh života cover letter – motivační dopis CV = curriculum vitae – životopis D.O.B.= date of birth – datum narození


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driving licence – řidický průkaz education - vzdělání employee – zaměstnanec employer – zaměstnavatel employment – zaměstnání encounter – setkat, narazit gain - získat grateful – vděčný hesitate – váhat in advance – předem item – položka, článek job application – žádost o práci look for – hledat machine adjuster – seřizovač machine operator – obsluha stroje

Exercise 1 1. 2. 3. 4.

mechanic – mechanik opportunity – příležitost past – minulý, uplynulý post – místo potential – potenciální, případný present – představit, ukázat put into practice – uskutečnit reason - důvod resume – životopis screen – prověřit, podrobit prohlídce secure – zabezpečit, poskytnout seek – hledat skillset – soubor dovedností suitability – vhodnost variety of … - různé

Work in pairs and discuss these questions

How important is CV or cover letter? What impression do you try to give in a cover letter? Should a cover letter be handwritten, typed, or printed? Do you always tell the absolute truth in cover letter?


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Exercise 2

You have just graduated from Technical Secondary School and now you would like to work as a mechanical engineer, computer engineer or electrical engineer. Write your CV and Cover Letter!

CV tips • •

CV

• • • • • • •

Always type your CV. Print your CV on good quality white paper. The paper size should be A4. Usually you should not attach a photograph. A good font size to use is 12 The document should use only one font style, e.g. Times New Roman. Use bold (Bold) or italics (Italics) to emphasise important words. Try to keep the CV on one side of paper. Keep your sentences short and simple. A typical section order is: - Name - Address - Education - Employment - Other skills


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Cover Letter Outline your address the address of the company you are writing to Dear Mr. …

Cover Letter Opening paragraph - bring yourself to the attention of the reader Middle paragraph(s)- provide the reader with plenty of reasons to invite you to an interview Closing paragraph - ensure action on the part of the reader


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Business English READING: Read through the job advertisement below and do not look up in the dictionary every unknown word - try to guess the meaning.

Mechanical Engineer JOB OVERVIEW Company: ABSC

Job Type: Engineering

Location: Olomouc, CR

Employee Type: Full-time

Telephone: 585 549 110

Email: www.abs.com

JOB DESCRIPTION ABSC is a global leader in invention and manufacturing technologies With approximately 80,000 employees worldwide, including more than 15,000 engineers and scientists, we have an unrelenting focus on quality, delivery, value, and technology in everything we make and do. ABSC is currently accepting CVs for the position of Mechanical Engineer at our Olomouc facility. Candidate will work under direct supervision of senior engineers and duties include equipment and construction specification, writing, drawing review, equipment selection and procurement, research and analyze data such as customer design proposal, specifications, and manuals to determine feasibility of design or application

JOB REQUIREMENTS • • • • • • • •

AutoCAD and Autodesk Inventor proficiency essential!!! Degree in mechanical engineering Good knowledge of all MicrosoftOffice products Strong communication and interpersonal skills Excellent planning and organization skills Able to excel with minimum supervision Possession of a valid driver’s license Position may require travel

Web sites: [email protected]

Join a great team and enjoy excellent benefits and compensation! Looking forward to receiving your CV through our website and going over the position with you.


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INTERVIEW: George Graham (G:), Human Resource Manager, ABSC, is interviewing Jan Novak (N:) who is applying for the job of a mechanical engineer. G: N: G: N: G: N: was

Good morning Mr. Novak, my name is George Graham and I am a human resource manager. Pleased to meet you, Mr Graham. Take a seat, please. How are you today? I am fine, thank you. Did you get here easily? Yes. It took me just about fifteen minutes. It

!

Small talk V anglicky mluvícím světě je běžné, někdy i nutné, začít obchodní rozhovor neformální konverzací, aby se prolomily ledy a snížila případná nervozita. Říká se jí “small talk” a jedná se o neutrální hovor, např. o počasí, místě pobytu, apod. Protože “small talk” má být bezproblémová komunikace, je dobré nechat si své vyhraněné názory, postoje a emoce, ale taky osobní a pracovní záležitosti, pro sebe.

an easy drive. Right. Let’s start, shall we? You are here to apply for the job of a mechanical engineer in our company. Is that right? N: Yes, that’s right, Mr. Jones G: What school did you attend? N: I went to SPŠS Olomouc and graduated in 2011. G: How have your education and training prepared you for the job? N: The education gave met the background I needed and the training gave me a chance to apply what I learned. G: What are your goals for your career? N: My career goal is to become a professional in Mechanical Engineering. My career goals involve growing with a company where I can continue to learn, take an additional responsibilities, and to Slabé stránky became expertise in field where Pokuste se uvézt takové “nešvary”, které v jiném světle můžou vyznít jako dobré I am working. vlastnosti. Např. Pokud na něčem pracuji, nevyhovuje mi odevzdat práci v termínu. Raději G: What are your ji dokončím dříve než je nutné. When I'm working on a project, I don't want just to meet weaknesses? deadlines. Rather, I prefer to complete the project well ahead of schedule. Vždy chodím 10 minut předem, jsem perfecionista, každou věc zkontroluji 3x než ji odevzdám, … N: I am a perfectionist and in some industries that may not be a good fit. But for this position, I think this will help me to excel. G:

!

G: N: G: N: G: G: N:

Why do you want to work here? I want to be a part of a global company like yours that last year alone invested $1.4 million in research and development of eco-friendly industrial processes. Thank you, Mr Jones, for your answers. Is there anything you would like to ask me? Who would I be reporting to? Your supervisor would be Mr. Jones, the senior mechanical engineer. He is one of our best engineers who works here for more than 10 years. Well, Mr. Novak. We still have one more applicant to interview. We’ll let you know by the end of next week. I wish you the best. Thank you. I’ll look forward to hearing from you.


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VOCABULARY additional – navíc, dodatečný advertisement – inzerát applicant – žadatel, uchazeč apply – žádat // použít attend - navštěvovat description - popis development - vývoj easily - jednoduše eco-friendly – šetrný k životnímu prostředí fit - vrtoch global - celosvětový goal - cíl

graduate – maturovat, promovat grow - růst human resource manager – manažer lidských zdrojů impression – dojem involve – zahrnovat, obsahovat overview – přehled, souhrn requirements - požadavky research - výzkum responsibility – povinnost, odpovědnost senior – ředitel, starší společník weakness – slabá stránka

PHRASES Pleased to meet you. – Take a seat. – Let’s start, shall we? – I wish you the best. – I’ll look forward to …-ing. –

Rád Vás poznávám. Těší mě. Posaďte se. Začneme, můžeme? Přeji vám vše nejlepší. Těším se až …

SPEAKING Exercise 1

Role play. Work in pairs – read the job advertisement and prepare an interview.

CNC machine operator JOB OVERVIEW Company: Job Type: Location: Employee Type: Telephone: Email: Web sites:

Exercise 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

TLX Engineering Olomouc, CR Full-time 585 526 116 www.tlx.com [email protected]

JOB REQUIREMENTS • • • •

Degree in mechanical engineering Excellent planning and organization skills Able to excel with minimum supervision AutoCAD and Autodesk Inventor proficiency essential!!!

Try to answer the most often asked questions in interviews.

What parts of your education do you see as relevant to this position? Why do you think you are the best person for the job? What motivates you? What are your strengths and weaknesses? Can you give me five words that best describe you? What experience do you have in this field?


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Exercise 3 1. 2.

Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.

Is the first impression important? Why/Why not? What could you do to improve or reduce your chances of getting a job?

First Impression It takes just a few seconds, for an interviewer to form an opinion about you based on your appearance, your body language, your manners or how you are dressed. In this short time, it is important to create a good first impression to improve your chances of getting a job. Here are some useful tips to help you. •

Smile!

•

Be Yourself

•

Be on Time

•

Be Positive

•

Present Yourself Appropriately

•

Be Open and Confident

Exercise 4

Work in pairs and choose 3 factors which are the most important to create

great first impression •

Your teeth

•

Your accent

•

What you say

•

Your hair

•

Self-confidence

•

Anything else

•

Your body language

•

Your manners

•

Your clothes

•

Your reputation

Exercise 5

Answer the “small talk” questions below.

•

How are you today?

•

Did you have any trouble finding us?

•

What do you think of the weather lately?

•

So, what is your impression of the place?


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Exercise 6

Work in pairs and discuss the questions below:

1.

Which of the people below gives the best first impression? Why?

2.

Which of the people below gives the worst first impression? Why?

3.

What advice would you give to the “person 7” to improve her first impression?

Exercise 7

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

When you are interviewed, you are always stressed. The best way to reduce this stress is to be prepared. Read some tips below and then try to answer the questions which you may be asked.

1. Tell me about yourself: The most often asked question in interviews. Prepare a short statement in your mind but be careful - it should not sound rehearsed. Limit it to work-related items. 2. What experience do you have in this field? Speak about things that relate to the position you are applying for or get as close as you can. 3. What do you know about this organization? Do some research on the organization before the interview. 4. What kind of salary do you need? An uneasy question. You should rather not answer it. Instead, say something like: „That’s a tough question.“ „Can you tell me the range for this position?“ „It can depend on the details of the job.“


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5. Are you a team player? Of course, you are. You rather have your examples ready. 6. What is more important to you: the money or the work? „Money is always important, but the work is the most important.“ There is no better answer. 7. What motivates you to do your best on the job? e.g.: „Challenge, Achievement, Recognition,…“ 8. Are you willing to work overtime? Nights? Weekends? It is up to you. Be honest. 9. How do you propose to compensate for your lack of experience? If you have experience that the interviewer does not know about, bring that up: Then, point out (if true) that you are a hard working quick learner. 10. Do you have any questions for me? Always have some questions prepared.


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Business English – Phone calls Receptionist: Caller: Receptionist: Caller: Receptionist: Caller: Receptionist: Caller: Graham: Novak: Graham: Novak: Graham: Novak: Graham: Novak: Graham: Graham: Novak: Graham:

Novak: Graham: Novak: Graham: Novak: Graham: Novak:

Good morning, ABSC International. My name is Jane Green, how may I help you? Good morning, I’d like to speak to George Graham, please? May I ask who is calling, please? This is Jan Novak. Could spell your last name, please? Certainly. N-O-V-A-K. N Right, Mr Novak. Hold on. I’ll put you through to Human Resources. Just a second. Thank you.

Hello. Is that George Graham? Yes, speaking. Good morning Mr. Graham. Jan Novak calling. I’ve been hoping to hear from you to discuss the position of a mechanical engineer in your company. I’m sorry, we’ve been just deluged with responses. You’re still being considered. I know how hectic things must be. Please, let me know soon. Of course. I hope to let you know within a week or so. Well, thank you for your time. Goodbye. Goodbye. Hello, Mr. Novak? This is George Graham. I’m calling with regard to your interest in the position of mechanical engineer. Do you have a few minutes? Yes, of course. We received your CV together with your cover letter last week and I would like to arrange an interview with you. Can we make an appointment tomorrow at 1 pm? Do you think you can make it? That’s fine with me. The position sounds like a great opportunity, and I’d really like to discuss it personally as soon as possible. OK, I’ll give you my assistant’s phone number in case there should be any changes. Do you have a pen? Yes. The number’s 585 156 385. So it’s 585 156 385. That’s right. Ok, thank you very much for considering me for the position and I look forward to seeing you tomorrow.


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Graham: Novak:

Yes, see you tomorrow. Goodbye. See you then. Goodbye.

VOCABULARY arrange – domluvit, smluvit as soon as possible – co nejdřív certainly – jistě, zajisté consider – zvažovat deluge – zaplavit discuss – diskutovat, projednat hectic - hektický Human Resources – personální oddělení in case – v případě že let me know – dejte mi vědět

make appointment – domluvit si schůzku opportunity - příležitost personally - osobně receive - dostat response – odpověď, reakce see you - nashledanou sound - znít spell – hláskovat with regard to – s ohledem na, vzhledem k within - během

TRANSLATE THESE PHRASES: How may I help you?

.......................................................................................................

Who is calling?

.......................................................................................................

Could you spell your last name? ....................................................................................................... I’ll put you through …

.......................................................................................................

Hold on.

.......................................................................................................

SPEAKING Exercise 1 1. 2. 3. 4.

Work in pairs and answer these questions.

Have you ever called someone in English? What is better to talk English face-to-face or on the phone? Why? Could you spell your name? What is your telephone number?


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Exercise 2

Role play. Work in pairs.

CNC machine operator JOB OVERVIEW Company: Job Type: Location: Employee Type: Telephone: Email: Web sites:

JOB REQUIREMENTS

TLX Engineering Olomouc, CR Full-time 585 526 116 www.tlx.com [email protected]

• • • •

Degree in mechanical engineering Excellent planning and organization skills Able to excel with minimum supervision AutoCAD and Autodesk Inventor proficiency essential!!!

Student A: You are Petr Novotny, a job applicant for a CNC machine operator and you have sent your CV and cover letter to TLX company. They didn’t respond, so call to TLX and ask about an interview. Student B: You work as a human resources manager at TLX. Arrange an interview with Petr Novotny.

Exercise 3

Imagine that you apply for the job. Practice your speaking and follow the guidelines.

1. Introduce yourself: name, age, nationality, etc. 2. State when you are available 3. Describe your relevant experience – or justify your lack of experience 4. Describe your skills 5. Say when you are available for interview

Exercise 4 1.

Look at the photos and discuss these questions:

What is happening in each of the photos? (Who is calling and why?, How does he/she feel?, What are they talking about?,…)

2.

What do you use your mobile phone for?

3.

How often do you use your mobile phone?

4.

Do you know any SMS abbreviations?


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Exercise 3

Match the questions and the answers.

1) Would you like to speak to someone else? 2) Could you spell that, please? 3) Could you put me through to Oliver Jones, please? 4) How may I help you? 5) May I ask who is calling? a) Could I speak to Mr. Harris? b) Sure. It’s S-M-I-T-H. c) No, I’ll call back later. d) This is John Smith, from CGXO. e) Of course, hold on.


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Exercise 5

Work in pairs. Follow the flowchart to practice making a phone call.

Student A

Student B

Ask to speak to Mr. Taylor He’s in a meeting. Ask when he’ll be free. You don’t know but you can ask. Say you’ll wait. He won’t be fee till 3 p.m. Ask to call you when he closes the meeting. Find out caller’s name and number. Give your name and number. Write down the information and say you’ll leave the message on his desk. Say thank you and good bye.


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Exercise 6

Read the Telephone Tips and discuss the questions bellow. 1.

Which do you think are the 3 most important tips?

2.

Which of the points do you find the least important?

TELEPHONE TIPS 1.

Be prepared—Don’t start the process when you’re rushed. Relax! Make sure you have a big pad of paper, a pen, a glass of water, and a reasonable amount of time.

2. Don't smoke, chew gum, eat, or drink. 3. Make sure you have with you all the documents you’ll need before you dial the number. 4. Try to speak slowly and clearly. 5. Make sure you sound polite and agreeable. 6. Don’t rely on your memory – make notes during a call. 7. Smile while you’re talking. Smiling will project a positive image to the listener and will change the tone of your voice. 8.

Don’t try to be funny – you may be misunderstood.

9.

Donť interrupt the other person.

10. Make sure you understand the other speaker and don't pretend to understand everything you hear over the telephone. Learn the appropriate expressions to use when you don't hear something properly.

Exercise 7

Match the questions and the answers

1) Would you like to speak to someone else?

a) Could I speak to Mr. Harris?

2) Could you spell that, please?

b) Sure. It’s S-M-I-T-H.

3) Could you put me through to Oliver Jones, please?

c) No, I’ll call back later.

4) How may I help you?

d) This is John Smith, from CGXO.

5) May I ask who is calling?

e) Of course, hold on.


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Mechanical engineering topics

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