Sistem & Teknologi Informasi
3/5/2010
Ranah Hirarkhi SI
Manajemen SI Sumberdaya & Aktivitas Pengembangan SI Solusi Proses Bisnis Aplikasi SI Untuk Operasional, Manajerial, & Misi Strategis Teknologi SI
Hardware, Software, Telecommunications,& Data Management Konsep Dasar SI Konsep Model, Perilaku dan Teknis 3/5/2010
Model Sistem Informasi (SI) Performance Control System
Data
Process
Data Store NETWARE 3/5/2010
Info
Rantai Produksi Informasi
Users
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Data vs Information Data: Fakta hasil observasi atau pengukuran yang masih mentah Informasi: data yang telah Informasi: diolah/ditransformasi menjadi suatu yang berarti dan bermanfaat untuk pengguna (users) tertentu Data
Information
Data Pegawai Data Proyek Data Wilayah 3/5/2010
Data Processing
Hasil Analisis
Sales Data
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Sales Data
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Sales Information
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Akuisisi Data Geografis
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Analisis Wilayah
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Analisis Spasial
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Information Quality Time Dimension • Timeliness • Currency
Content Dimension
•Frequency
• Accuracy
•Time period
• Relevance
Form Dimension • Clarity
• Conciseness
• Detail
•Scope
• Order
•Performance
• Presentation 3/5/2010
• Completeness
•Media
Information Quality Time Dimension • Timeliness: keseketikaan waktu tersedianya informasi • Currency: keterkinian kebenaran informasi •Frequency: kekerapan informasi disajikan •Time period: menunjukkan info masa lalu, kini, dan mendatang
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Information Quality Content Dimension • Accuracy: ketepatan & ketelitian produk informasi • Relevance: relevansi dengan konteks observasi/user tertentu • Completeness: kelengkapan/keutuhan informasi • Conciseness: kepadatan & keringkasan informasi • Scope: cakupan info yang diperlukan: luas atau detail • Performance: dapat menunjukkan kinerja • Confidentiality: kerahasiaan info bagi yang berhak • Validity: keabsahan info maupun proses produksi info sesuai dengan batasan yang ditetapkan 3/5/2010
Information Quality Form Dimension • Clarity: kejelasan/kemudahan dipahami • Detail: kingkat kekhususan yang sesuai • Order: struktutr aliran/urutan info yang disajikan • Presentation: style dan penampilan yang digunakan • Media: media yang digunakan dalam penyampaian info: paper, layar lebar, foto, suara, film, video
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Penentu Kualitas Informasi • Kualitas dan kuantitas data (GiGo: Garbage in Garbage out) • Kualifikasi SDM • Sopistikasi dan Utilisasi Teknologi (Hardware, Software, Netware) • Formalisasi Prosedur Operasi
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Humans’ Wisdom & Decision Knowledge
Information
Database 3/5/2010
Lingkungan Sosioteknologi
Strategi Manajemen
Struktur Organisasi
Bisnis Proses
Orang dan Kultur 3/5/2010
Sistem Informasi (SI)
Definitions of IT Any equipment or interconnected system or subsystem of equipment, that is used in the automatic acquisition, storage, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission, or reception of data or information by the executive agency. (ITMRA/The Information Technology (IT) Management Reform Act of 1996.)
Electronic technology to collect, process, store, retrieve, produce and disseminate information. (Gunton, 1994) 1994) 3/5/2010
Aplikasi Apa Yang Dibutuhkan?
Copyright © 1997 by Rational Software Corporation
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Classification of IS Applications
Information Systems
Operations Support of Support Business Systems Operations Transaction Process Processing Control Systems Systems
Management Support of Support Managerial Systems Decision Making
Enterprise Collaboratio n Systems
MIS
Decision Support Systems
Executive Information Systems
Processing Control of Office Prespecified Interactive Information Business Industrial Communications Reporting for Decision Tailored for Transactions Processes and Productivity Managers Support Executives 3/5/2010
Transaction Processing Systems Sample: Order Transaction
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National Gobel in Brief
NABEL, 3/7/2003
Products
: TV, Audio, Refrigerator, Air Conditioner, Washing Machine, Electric Fan, Electric Iron, Pump, Car Audio, Pants Press
Brand
:
Established
: July 27, 1970
Audio Factory
2010/3/5
Air Conditioner Factory
Refrigerator Factory
Collaboration Systems: Office Meeting & Discussion Forums
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Decision Support Systems Decision-support systems (DSS) assist management decision making by combining data, sophisticated analytical models, and user-friendly software into a single powerful system that can support semi-structured or unstructured decision making. Examples American Airlines Price & route selections General Accident Customer buying Insurance patterns & fraud selection Frito-Lay, Inc. Price, advertising, & promotion selection Burlington Coat Store location & Factory inventory mix 3/5/2010
Analisis Spasial
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Executive Information Systems (EIS) An integrated EIS package combines the ability to organize and present data in such a manner that it provides information supporting the analytical, communicative, and planning needs of executive users. Numerous general-purpose applications are combined into one program to support electronic mail, company internal and external news reporting, word processing, electronic calendars, address lists, and presentation graphics.
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DNC’s EIS Main Menu
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DNC’s EIS - Dashboard
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DNC’s EIS – Sub Menu
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Mengapa Organisasi Perlu Dukungan SI? •Support of business operations •Support of managerial decision making •Support of strategic advantage
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Bagaimana Bisnis Terkait dengan IS Governance? Direction (IS Strategy and Policy)
Requirements
Control Objectives
Goals
Business
Responsibilities
IS IT Information the Business Needs to Achieve Its Objectives
Governance Information (IS Control, Risk and Assurance)
IS Governance © ITGI 2004 - not for commercial use.
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Metoda Siklik Pengembangan Sistem (SDLC) Investigation/Planning
Feasibility Study
Analysis
Functional Requirement
Design
System Specification
Implementation
Operational System
Maintenance
Improved System
ACTIVITIES
PRODUCTS 3/5/2010
System Investigation: Feasibility Study n n n n n
Organizational feasibility Economic feasibility Technical feasibility Operational feasibility Benefit Analysis: tangible & intangible benefits
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IS MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY n
IS Planning: Establishing and maintaining a strategic IS management plan that is linked to the agency strategic plan.
n
IS Auditing: Preparing an analysis for IS initiatives to demonstrate how the IT resource will meet enterprise mission requirements, support ongoing management oversight processes, maximize return on investment and minimize financial and operational risk;
n
IS Controlling: Preparing a plan for the IS initiative to meet security requirements and controls for all information collected, processed, transmitted, stored, or disseminated by the proposed IT resources . 3/5/2010
COBIT Framework M1 M2 M3 M4
Monitor the process Assess internal control adequacy Obtain independent assurance Provide for independent audit
PO1 Define a strategic IT plan PO2 Define the information architecture PO3 Determine the technological direction PO4 Define the IT organisation and relationships PO5 Manage the IT investment PO6 Communicate management aims and direction PO7 Manage human resources PO8 Ensure compliance with external requirements PO9 Assess risks PO10 Manage projects PO11 Manage quality
Criteria • • • • • • •
Effectiveness Efficiency Confidenciality Integrity Availability Compliance Reliability
IS RESOURCES • • • • •
Data Application systems Technology Facilities People
PLAN AND ORGANISE
MONITOR AND EVALUATE DS1 Define service levels DS2 Manage third-party services DS3 Manage peformance and capacity DS4 Ensure continuous service DS5 Ensure systems security DS6 Identify and attribute costs DS7 Educate and train users DS8 Assist and advise IT customers DS9 Manage the configuration DS10 Manage problems and incidents DS11 Manage data DS12 Manage facilities DS13 Manage operations
ACQUIRE AND IMPLEMENT
DELIVER AND SUPPORT
AI1 AI2 AI3 AI4 AI5 AI6
Identify automated solutions Acquire and mantain application software Acquire and maintain technology infrastructure Develop and maintain IT procedures Install and accredit systems Manage changes
© ITGI 2004 - not for commercial use.
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Problem Solving with IT Solution
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System Investigation • Formulate business problem & opportunity • Conduct feasibility study on alternative solutions • Develop project management plan
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Example 1: A local credit union has been studying data about consumer loan applications. Over the past year, loan applications have increased 124 percent. The manager realizes that, if this growth rate continues, the current loan officers will not be able to keep up with the demand. What needs to be done? – Improve Throughput 3/5/2010
Example 2: A local credit union has been studying data about consumer loan applications. Over the past year, loan applications have increased 124 percent. The manager realizes that, if this growth rate continues, the current loan officers will not be able to keep up with the demand. What needs to be done? – Improve Throughput 3/5/2010
Example 3 A hotel chain allows customers to make reservations for any hotel in the chain from any other hotel in the chain. However, when a reservation is made or canceled, it takes three days to get that information to the hotel that is affected. Meanwhile, that hotel may overbook or under book rooms. Problem? • Lack of timely information 3/5/2010
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