KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadapan Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa, karena berkat dan karunia-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan Landasan Konseptual untuk Seminar Tugas Akhir dengan judul “Planetarium di Bali” ini tepat pada waktunya, Dalam penyusunan Landasan Konseptual untuk Seminar Tugas Akhir ini tentunya tidak terlepas dari bantuan berbagai pihak sehingga penulis menyampaikan ucapan terima kasih kepada : 1. Ibu Dr. Ir. Anak Agung Ayu Oka Saraswati, MT., selaku Ketua Jurusan Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Udayana dan Penguji II. 2. Bapak Dr. Ir. Syamsul Alam Paturusi, MSP., selaku dosen koordinator mata kuliah Seminar Tugas Akhir dan Penguji I. 3. Bapak Ir. I Nyoman Surata, MT., selaku Koordinator Mata Kuliah Studio Tugas Akhir dan selaku Dosen Pembimbing II atas bimbingan, masukan dan sarannya. 4. Bapak Ir. Nengah Keddy Setiada, MT., selaku Dosen Pembimbing I atas bimbingan, masukan dan sarannya. 5. Ibu Ni Ketut Agusinta Dewi,ST.,MT.,PhD., selaku Peguji III. 6. Bapak Widya selaku narasumber di Planetarium Jakarta. 7. Dan kepada semua pihak yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu persatu yang telah banyak membantu dalam penyelesaian tugas ini. Dalam kesempatan ini, penulis mohon maaf kepada pembaca apabila terdapat kesalahan maupun kekurangan karena keterbatasan pengetahuan dan pengalaman, dengan demikan sangat diharapkan adanya masukan berupa kritikan dan saran–saran yang bersifat membangun. Akhir kata, semoga penyusunan Landasan Konseptual ini dapat bermanfaat nantinya guna proses pembelajaran bagi semua pihak. Denpasar, Januari 2016 Penyusun
Dewa Ayu Citra Dewi (1204205006)
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DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... i DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ ii DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... vii DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. .xi BAB I PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Tujuan ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Metode Perancangan .......................................................................................................... 3 BAB II PLANETARIUM ....................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Planetarium ........................................................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Pengertian .................................................................................................................. 6 2.2.2 Sejarah Planetarium ................................................................................................ 7 2.2.2 Jenis-jenis ................................................................................................................12 2.2.3 Komponen Utama .................................................................................................13 2.2.4 Sistem Operasi .......................................................................................................15 2.2.5 Program-program ..................................................................................................16 2.3
Studi Proyek Sejenis.....................................................................................................17 2.3.1 Planetarium Jakarta ............................................................................................17 2.3.2 Planetarium Jagad Raya Tenggarong ...........................................................25 2.3.3 Adler Planetarium .............................................................................................28
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2.3.4 Simpulan Tinjauan Proyek Sejenis................................................................32 2.4
Spesifikasi Umum .........................................................................................................36 2.4.1 Pengertian Planetarium .....................................................................................36 2.4.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran ............................................................................................36 2.4.3 Fungsi Planetarium: ...........................................................................................37 2.4.4 Lingkup Pelayanan .............................................................................................37 2.4.5 Klasifikasi Fasilitas ............................................................................................38 2.4.6 Sistem Pengelolaan ............................................................................................38
BAB III STUDI PENGADAAN PLANETARIUM DI BALI ................................ 39 3.1
Kondisi Fisik Bali .........................................................................................................39 3.1.1 Letak Geografis dan Administrasi .................................................................39 3.1.2 Topografi...............................................................................................................41 3.1.3 Suhu dan Curah Hujan ......................................................................................41
3.2
Kondisi Non Fisik Bali ................................................................................................43 3.2.1 Pengeluaran dan Konsumsi..............................................................................43 3.2.2 Pariwisata ..............................................................................................................43
3.3
Peraturan Provinsi Bali ................................................................................................44 3.3.1 Tata Ruang............................................................................................................45 3.3.2 Tata Bangunan .....................................................................................................47
3.4
Studi Pengadaan ............................................................................................................48
3.5
Spesifikasi Khusus Proyek .........................................................................................49 3.5.1 Pengertian Planetarium di Bali .......................................................................49
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3.5.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran ............................................................................................50 3.5.3 Fungsi Planetarium di Bali...............................................................................50 3.5.4 Jenis Planetarium di Bali ..................................................................................50 3.5.5 Klasifikasi Fasilitas ............................................................................................50 3.5.6 Jadwal dan Harga Operasional .......................................................................52 3.5.7 Sistem Pengelolaan ............................................................................................52 3.5.8 Persyaratan Lokasi .............................................................................................53 3.5.9 Penentuan Lokasi ................................................................................................53 BAB IV PROGRAM RUANG ............................................................................................55 4.1
Tema .................................................................................................................................55 4.1.1 Pengertian Tema .................................................................................................55 4.1.2 Pendekatan Tema ................................................................................................ 55 4.1.3 Penentuan Tema ..................................................................................................55 4.1.4 Penerapan Tema ..................................................................................................56
4.2
Program Ruang ..............................................................................................................56 4.2.1 Program Fungsional ...........................................................................................57 4.2.2 Program Performansi .........................................................................................57 4.2.3 Program Arsitektural .........................................................................................65 4.2.4 Analisis Hubungan Kedekatan Ruang ..........................................................68 4.2.5 Organisasi Ruang ................................................................................................85 4.2.6 Sirkulasi Civitas ..................................................................................................85
4.3
Program Tapak ...............................................................................................................86
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4.3.1 Kebutuhan Luas Tapak .....................................................................................87 4.3.2 Pemilihan Tapak .................................................................................................87 4.3.3 Studi Alternatif Lokasi ......................................................................................88 4.3.4 Penilaian dan Hasil .............................................................................................89 4.3.5 Analisis Tapak .....................................................................................................93 BAB V KONSEP PERANCANGAN ............................................................................ 100 5.1
Konsep Perancangan Tapak .................................................................................... 100 5.1.1 Konsep Entrance Tapak ................................................................................. 100 5.1.2 Konsep Zoning ................................................................................................. 103 5.1.3 Konsep Bentuk, Pola dan Orientasi masa bangunan ............................. 104 5.1.4 Konsep Pola Sirkulasi Tapak ....................................................................... 105 5.1.5 Konsep Ruang Luar ........................................................................................ 106
5.2
Konsep Perancangan Bangunan ............................................................................. 110 5.2.1 Konsep Entrance Bangunan ......................................................................... 110 5.2.2 Konsep Zoning Bangunan............................................................................. 111 5.2.3 Konsep Sirkulasi Bangunan ......................................................................... 111 5.2.4 Konsep tampilan Bangunan .......................................................................... 112 5.2.5 Konsep Ruang Dalam Bangunan ................................................................ 113 5.2.6 Konsep Struktur Bangunan ........................................................................... 114 5.2.7 Konsep Utilitas Bangunan ............................................................................ 116
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................................... 123
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Globe of Gottorf ...................................................................................7 Gambar 2.2 Eise Eisinga’s Planetarium ....................................................................8 Gambar 2.3 Atwood Celestial Sphare .......................................................................9 Gambar 2.4 Proyektor pada Planetarium ..................................................................14 Gambar 2.5 Kubah Planetarium ................................................................................15 Gambar 2.6 Sistem Operasi pada Planetarium ..........................................................16 Gambar 2.7: lokasi Planetarium & Observatorium Jakarta ......................................17 Gambar 2.8 Suasana fasilitas pertunjukan citra ganda ..............................................18 Gambar 2.9 Suasana fasilitas planetarium ................................................................19 Gambar 2.10 Suasana area kontrol ruang planetarium ............................................19 Gambar 2.11 Suasana fasilitas pameran ....................................................................20 Gambar 2.12 Suasana Perpustakaan .........................................................................20 Gambar 2.13 : Suasana area tunggu ..........................................................................21 Gambar 2.14 Suasana area antrean menuju ruang planetarium ................................21 Gambar 2.15 Toko Cinderamata ...............................................................................22 Gambar 2.16 Suasana Peneropongan umum ............................................................22 Gambar 2.17 Suasana fasilitas observatorium ..........................................................23 Gambar 2.18 Suasana Kantor Pengelola ...................................................................23 Gambar 2.19 : Peta Lokasi Planetarium Jagag Raya Tenggarong ............................25 Gambar 2.20 Suasana fasilitas Planetarium ..............................................................26 Gambar 2.21Suasana fasilitas Pameran ....................................................................27 Gambar 2.22 Peta lokasi Alder Planetarium .............................................................28 Gambar 2.23 Denah Aldar Planetarium ....................................................................28 Gambar 2.24 Mission Moon .....................................................................................29 Gambar 2.25 Tata Surya kita ....................................................................................29 Gambar 2.26 Astronomi dalam Budaya ....................................................................29 Gambar 2.27 Clark Family Welcome Gallery ..........................................................29 Gambar 2.28 Atwood Celestial Sphare .....................................................................30 Gambar 2.29 Hidden Wonders ..................................................................................30 Gambar 2.30 Gemini XII ..........................................................................................30 Gambar 2.31 Ruang Visualisasi Laboratorium .........................................................30 PLANETARIUM DI BALI
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Gambar 2.32 Pameran Teleskop ...............................................................................30 Gambar 2.33 Planet Ekspolers .................................................................................30 Gambar 2.34 Community Design Lab ......................................................................31 Gambar 2.35 Ruang Angkasa ...................................................................................31 Gambar 2.36 Ruang Kelas Belajar ...........................................................................31 Gambar 2.37 Space Theater ......................................................................................31 Gambar 2.38 Sky Theater .........................................................................................31 Gambar 2.39 Café Galileo .........................................................................................31 Gambar 2.40 Adler Store ..........................................................................................32 Gambar 3.1 Peta Wilayah Bali ..................................................................................40 Gambar 3.2 Pengembangan wilayah-wilayah prioritas di wilayah Provinsi Bali .....46 Gambar 3.3 Struktur Organisasi Planetarium di Bali ...............................................53 Gambar 4.1Kegiatan Pengunjung ...........................................................................59 Gambar 4.2 Kegiatan Pengelola ...............................................................................59 Gambar 4.3 Kegiatan astronomi amatir ..................................................................60 Gambar 4.4 Staff Pengelola .....................................................................................60 Gambar 4.5 Staff Servis ...........................................................................................61 Gambar 4.6 Kegiatan Pedagang ...............................................................................61 Gambar 4.7 Matrik Hub. Ruang Makro ....................................................................85 Gambar 4.8 Matrik Hub. Ruang Mikro .....................................................................85 Gambar 4.9 Organisasi ruang lantai I & II pada Planetarium di Bali .......................86 Gambar 4. 10 Sirkulasi Civitas lantai I&II pada Planetarium Bali ...........................87 Gambar 4.11 Pulau Bali ...........................................................................................89 Gambar 4.12 Lokasi Tapak Alt. I ..............................................................................89 Gambar 4.13 Wilayah K. Gianyar .............................................................................89 Gambar 4.14 Pulau Bali ...........................................................................................91 Gambar 4.15 Wilayah K. Gianyar .............................................................................91 Gambar 4.16 Lokasi Tapak Alt. II ............................................................................91 Gambar 4.17 Lokasi Tapak Alt. II ............................................................................94 Gambar 4.18 Lokasi Tapak .......................................................................................95 Gambar 4.19 Batas Tapak .........................................................................................96 Gambar 4.20 Analisa topografi, geologi, vegetasi ....................................................97
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Gambar 4.21 Potensi Tapak ......................................................................................98 Gambar 5.1 Analisa perletakan main entrance dan side entrance .............................101 Gambar 5.2 Analisa desain main entrance alternatif I ..............................................102 Gambar 5.3 Analisa desain main entrance alternatif II .............................................102 Gambar 5.4 Analisa tingkat kebisingan ....................................................................103 Gambar 5.5 Konsep Bentuk masa bangunan ............................................................104 Gambar 5.6 Konsep pola dan orientasi masa bangunan .........................................105 Gambar 5.7 Konsep Bentuk masa bangunan ............................................................106 Gambar 5.8 Analisa konsep ruang luar .....................................................................107 Gambar 5.9 Analisa konsep ruang luar Hardscape ...................................................108 Gambar 5.10 Konsep ruang luar ...............................................................................109 Gambar 5.11 Konsep Outdoor Classroom ................................................................109 Gambar 5.12 Konsep Jalur Pejalan Kaki ..................................................................109 Gambar 5.13 Konsep Entrance Bangunan ................................................................110 Gambar 5.14 Konsep Zoning Bangunan ...................................................................111 Gambar 5.15 Konsep Sirkulasi Bangunan ................................................................112 Gambar 5.16 Konsep Tampilan Bangunan ...............................................................113 Gambar 5.17 Konsep Ruang Dalam Bangunan pada ruang planetarium .................114 Gambar 5.18 Konsep Ruang Dalam Bangunan pada area pameran .........................114 Gambar 5.19 Konsep Substruktur .............................................................................115 Gambar 5.20 Konsep Super struktur .........................................................................115 Gambar 5.21 Konsep Upper Struktur Bangunan ......................................................116
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Gambar 5.22 Konsep penghawaan ...........................................................................117 Gambar 5.23 Konsep pencahayaan ..........................................................................119 Gambar 5.24 Konsep Air .........................................................................................119 Gambar 5.25 Sistem pengolahan air hujan ..............................................................120 Gambar 5.26 Sistem pengolahan air bekas .............................................................120 Gambar 5.27 Sistem pengolahan air kotor ................................................................120 Gambar 5.28 Konsep pemadam kebakaran ...............................................................121 Gambar 5.29 Konsep Akustik ...................................................................................122
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Diameter Kubah dan Kapasitas Duduk .....................................................13 Tabel 2.2 Jadwal Pertunjukan Planetarium Jakarta ...................................................24 Tabel 2.3 Jumlah Pengunjung Planetarium Jakarta ..................................................25 Tabel 2.4 Jadwal Pertunjukan Planetarium Jagad Tenggarong ................................27 Tabel 2.5 Ruang-ruang yang terdapat pada tiap lantai ..............................................29 Tabel 2.6 Perbandingan Proyek Sejenis ....................................................................33 Tabel 3.1 Data Luas wilayah dan Letak Geografis Semua Kabupaten .....................40 Tabel 3.2 Luas Wilayah dan Letak Geografis Pualu Bali dan Kabupaten/Kota Tahun 2013 …………………………………………………………....... 42 Tabel 3.3 Golongan pengeluaran rata-rata perkapita ................................................43 Tabel 3.4 Jumlah kunjungan wisatawan tahun 2012 - 2014) ....................................4 Tabel 3.5 Hambatan, Tantangan dan Rekomendasi Pemecahan Masalah ................49 Tabel 3.6 Jadwal Pertunjukan Planetarium Bali .......................................................52 Tabel 3.7 Kriteria pemilihan lokasi ...........................................................................54 Tabel 4.1 Kebutuhan Ruang ......................................................................................62 Tabel 4.2 Program Performansi ................................................................................65 Tabel 4.3 Kapasitas Parkir ........................................................................................73 Tabel 4.4 Besaran Ruang ..........................................................................................75 Tabel 4.5 Penilaian dan hasil pemilihan lokasi .........................................................93
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