ISSN 0216-4140
JAI JURNAL AIR INDONESIA (Indonesia Water Journal) Terakreditasi dengan Predikat C Nomor 155/Akred-LIPI/P2MBI/03/2009 Jurnal Air Indonesia (JAI) memuat tulisan yang merupakan hasil penelitian, informasi teknologi maupun gagasan segar tentang masalah teknologi pengelolaan air bersih dan limbah cair, air industri serta pengelolaan sumber daya air dan lingkungan, yang asli dan belum pernah dimuat di media cetak lain. Jurnal Air Indonesia terbit dua nomor dalam setahun.
PEMBINA Prof. Dr. Jana T. Anggadiredja, MS. – Deputi Kepala Bidang Teknologi Pengembangan Sumberdaya Alam Dr. Ir. Kardono, M.Eng – Direktur Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan Prof. Dr. Ir. Yudi Soetrisno Garno, MSc. – Koordinator Bidang Lingkungan PENANGGUNG JAWAB REDAKSI Ir. Nusa Idaman Said, M.Eng. – Peneliti Utama Bidang Teknologi Lingkungan DEWAN REDAKSI Dr. Ir. Arie Herlambang, M.Si – Bidang Hidrogeologi Lingkungan Dr. Ir. Ikbal, M.Eng. – Bidang Teknologi Pengolahan Air Limbah Anaeorobik Dr. Ir. Rudi Nugroho, M.Eng. – Bidang Teknologi Pengolahan Air Limbah Ir. Nugro Rahardjo – Bidang Teknologi Pengolahan Air Bersih Drs. R. Haryoto Indriatmoko – Bidang Hidrologi dan Konservasi Air Tanah Ir. Taty Hernaningsih, M.Sc.– Bidang Hidrologi dan Lingkungan Ir. Setiyono, M.Si. – Bidang Teknik Kimia dan Proses Industri Ir. Wahyu Widayat, M.Si – Bidang Teknologi Pengolahan Air Proses Industri Heru Dwi Wahjono, B.Eng. M.Kom. – Bidang Teknologi Informasi Sumberdaya Air Drs. Satmoko Yudo, M.Eng. – Bidang Informasi Lingkungan MITRA BESTARI DR. Kukuh Murtilaksono – Bidang Konservasi Tanah dan Air REDAKSI PELAKSANA Imam Setiadi, Ida Mulyawati, Oman Solaeman ALAMAT REDAKSI Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan Gedung II BPPT Lantai 20, Jln. MH. Thamrin No.8, Jakarta Pusat 10340 Telp. 021-3169770, Fax. 021-3169736 E-mail :
[email protected] Situs Web : http://www.kelair.bppt.go.id/
Isi Jurnal Air Indonesia dapat dikutip dengan menyebutkan sumbernya (Citation is permitted with acknowledgement of the source)
i
ISSN 0216-4140
PENGANTAR REDAKSI Dalam edisi Jurnal Air Indonesia Volume 6 Nomor 1 kali ini memuat 10 (sepuluh) artikel dengan judul Correlation Between Biomass Concentration And Extent Of Sulphate Reduction In An Acidogenic Reactor,
Metoda Penghilangan Logam Merkuri Di Dalam Air Limbah Industri,
Studi
Dinamika Kualitas Air Das Ciliwung, Kondisi Kualitas Air Sungai Ciliwung Di Wilayah DKI Jakarta Ditinjau Paramater Organik, Amoniak, Fosfat, Deterjen dan Bakteri Coli, Analisis Faktor Penyebab Jebolnya Tanggul Situ Gintung, Teknologi Penyediaan Air Minum Untuk Keadaan Tanggap Darurat , Penyisihan Amoniak Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kualitas Air Baku PDAM-IPA Bojong Renged Dengan Proses Biofiltrasi
Menggunakan Media Plastik Tipe Sarang Tawon, Penerapan Prinsip
Kebijakan ZERO DELTA Q Dalam Pembangunan Wilayah, Identifikasi Masalah Aplikasi Teknologi Pengolahan Air Payau dengan Sistem RO di Kabupaten Rembang dan Cara Mengatasinya, dan Penelitian Tanah Sebagai Pendukung Pengembangan Instalasi Pengolahan Limbah Cair Domestik Di Kantor BPP Teknologi. Redaksi sangat menghargai kritik dan saran yang membangun dan menerima tulisan dari para peneliti, akademisi maupun praktisi yang merupakan hasil penelitian, informasi teknologi maupun gagasan tentang masalah teknologi pengelolaan air bersih dan limbah cair, air proses industri serta pengelolaan sumber daya air dan lingkungan, yang asli dan belum pernah dimuat di media cetak lain. Informasi lengkap dapat diperoleh di Sekretariat Redaksi Jurnal Air Indonesia. Terima kasih.
Jakarta,
Juni 2010
Pemimpin Redaksi JAI
ii
ISSN 0216-4140
JURNAL AIR INDONESIA Volume 6, Nomor 1, Juni 2010
Halaman DAFTAR ISI
i
Pengantar Redaksi
Ii
Daftar Isi
iii
1.
Correlation Between Biomass Concentration And Extent Of Sulphate Reduction In An Acidogenic Reactor, A. Haris, P. C. Pullammanappallil And J. Keller.
1 - 10
2.
Metoda Penghilangan Logam Merkuri di Dalam Air Limbah Industri, Nusa Idaman Said.
11 - 23
3.
Studi Dinamika Kualitas Air DAS Ciliwung, Hasmana Soewandita dan Nana Sudiana
24 - 33
4.
Kondisi Kualitas Air Sungai Ciliwung di Wilayah DKI Jakarta Ditinjau dari Parameter Organik, Amoniak, Fosfat, Deterjen dan Bakteri Coli, Satmoko Yudo.
34 - 42
5.
Analisis Faktor Penyebab Jebolnya Tanggul Situ Gintung, Budi Harsoyo.
43 - 51
6.
Teknologi Penyediaan Air Minum Untuk Keadaan Tanggap Darurat, Arie Herlambang.
52 - 63
7.
Penyisihan Amoniak Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Kualitas Air Baku PDAM-IPA Bojong Renged Dengan Proses Biofiltrasi Menggunakan Media Palstik Tipe Sarang Tawo, Wahyu Widayat, Suprihatin dan Arie Herlambang.
64 - 76
8.
Penerapan Prinsip Kebijakan “ZERO DELTA Q” dalam Pembangunan Wilayah, Robertus Haryoto Indriatmoko.
77 - 83
9.
Identifikasi Masalah Aplikasi Teknologi Pengolahan Air Payau dengan Sistem RO di Kabupaten Rembang dan Cara Mengatasinya, P Nugro Rahardjo.
84 - 93
10.
Penelitian Tanah Sebagai Pendukung Pengembangan Instalasi Pengolahan Limbah Cair Domestik Di Kantor BPP Teknologi, Taty Hernaningsih.
94 - 102
iii
ISSN 0216-4140
KUMPULAN ABSTRAK Keywords : sulphate reducing bacteria, anaerobic digestion, inhibition, sulphate reduction, acidogenic reactor, high rate anaerobic treatment
=====================================
JURNAL AIR INDONESIA VOL. 6, NO. 1, JUNI 2010
==================(2)=================
==================(1)=================
METODA PENGHILANGAN LOGAM MERKURI DI DALAM AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI
CORRELATION BETWEEN BIOMASS CONCENTRATION AND EXTENT OF SULPHATE REDUCTION IN AN ACIDOGENIC REACTOR 1,2,
Oleh : Nusa Idaman Said Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan, BBPP Teknologi Jln. MH. Thamrin No.8 Jakarta Pusat. Gedung II Lt.20. JAI,Vol. 6 No. 1 Juni 2010. Hal 11-23
1, 3,
By : A. Haris , P. C. Pullammanappallil and J. 1 Keller 1 Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi Jl. MH. Thamrin 8, Jakarta 2 Advanced Wastewater Management Centre/ The University of Queensland St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia 3 School Of Environmental Science Murdoch University, Australia JAI,Vol. 6 No. 1 Juni 2010. Hal 1-10
Industry is a potential source of water pollution, it produces pollutants that are extremely harmful to people and the environment. Many industrial facilities use freshwater to carry away waste from the plant and into rivers, lakes and oceans. Inorganic industrial wastes are more difficult to control and potentially more hazardous Industries discharge a variety of toxic compounds and heavy metals. The most pollutans heavy metals are Lead, Cadmium, Copper, Chromium, Selenium, Mercury, Nickel, Zinc, Arsen and Chromium. Heavy metals are dangerous because they tend to bioaccumulate. Mercury for example, causes damages to the brain and the central nervous system, causes psychological changes and makes development changes in young children. Normally Mercury is a toxic substance which has no known function in human biochemistry. There are several methods to eliminate or remove mercury in water such as chemical oxidation process, ion exchange process, adsorption process, an electrochemical process, reverse osmosis process and other alternative methods likes biosorption. Each method has strengths and weaknesses, therefore to choose the method of removing of mercury in wastewater depending on pollutants conditions such as concentrations of mercury in wastewater, types of mercury, mercury concentrations in treated water, land availability, flow rate of wastewater will be processed and other parameters. In this paper discusses several methods of removal of mercury heavy metals in industrial wastewater such as chemical precipitation and oxidation processes, adsorption and ion exchange process.
Two stage high rate anaerobic treatment systems comprising of an acidogenic reactor (or equalisation/ buffer tank) followed by a methanogenic reactor are becoming increasingly popular to treat high strength wastewater from industries. In these systems, sulphate present in the wastewater is reduced to sulphide either partially or completely in the acidogenic reactor and completely in the methanogenic reactor. The effect of fermentation products on the extent of sulphate reduction in the acidogenic reactor was investigated in a continuously-fed, well mixed laboratory-scale 3 L fermenter operating at a o temperature of 35 C and pH of 6. The feed was based on either glucose or molasses as the carbon source. It was observed that as the carbohydrate concentration in feed was increased sulphate reduction was suppressed. It was confirmed that volatile organic acids like acetic, propionic and butyric acids, hydrogen and residual glucose did not cause inhibition of sulphate reduction. However, biomass concentration correlated negatively with extent of sulphate reduction. This correlation was expressed mathematically and the same expression with the same parameters adequately predicted the effect of biomass concentration on extent of sulphate removal for both steady state and transient data irrespective of glucose or molasses feed. It was seen from the best fit of this expression that a biomass concentration of 3300 mg-1 COD.L would completely repress sulphate reduction in the acidogenic reactor. Even when sulphate removal was suppressed the presence of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) in the reactor was confirmed through Fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation (FISH) visualisation. Moreover, the numbers of SRB seemed to increase with carbohydrate concentration in feed. It was speculated the suppression of sulphate removal might be due to a switch in function of SRB from sulphate reducing to fermentation or acetogenesis.
Keywrods : Pencemaran air, logam berat, merkuri, air limbah industri, metoda penghilangan.
==================(3)================= STUDI DINAMIKA KUALITAS AIR DAS CILIWUNG 1
2
Oleh : Hasmana Soewandita dan Nana Sudiana Pusat Teknologi Sumberdaya Lahan Wilayah dan Mitigasi Bencana, BPP Teknologi Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 8 Jakarta Pusat JAI,Vol. 6 No. 1 Juni 2010. Hal 24-33 Ciliwung River which has upstream in Bogor, while downstream in Jakarta presence has very important
iv
ISSN 0216-4140
role for the region in its path. Positive role of the river for the public interest in this area include the need of clean water sources, irrigation / agriculture, industry and others. Conversely Ciliwung River is also a source of flood disaster in Jakarta. Will consider its use, the risk of disaster resources and environmental burdens are received by the waters and the water catchment area is very large, then the existence of river quality should be monitored both the water catchment conditions or water quality. For future purposes, it would require a management with specific deadlines (5 th, 10 th, 15 th) and targets based on the quality of the water quality standards (BMA) class III, II and I. The results of the current monitoring parameters BOD, COD, fecal Coli, Coliform has a value above the threshold of water quality standards specified. While DO in the downstream segment has a value below the water quality standards. Other parameters such as pH, TSS and nitrogen have a greater trend downstream, but the value of the water quality is still under water quality standards that are targeted.
hidology analysis. The analysis results indicating that rain fall actually was be one of cause factors that incident, but not as the main factor. The condition of dike which already broken as the consequence of its life time and also the condition of spill way which has not function as like as innitialy built by Nederland Goverment, is more as principal factor of causing the burst of Situ Gintung dam incident.
Keyword : Kualitas air, BMA (Baku Mutu Air)
In the event of natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, floods and droughts, water occupies a key role in disaster relief. The presence of water is important for drinking, cooking and support the refugee areas of environmental sanitation and avoiding disaster victims of diseases waterborn desease. Water problem in disaster conditions may occur partly as a result: the disturbance of water sources because change of water quality, to become turbid or salty, the destruction of a piping system, treatment plant damage, disruption of distribution systems, or the scarcity of water in evacuation areas. Introduction of water quality becomes important to determine which process technology will be used and saved investments in emergency conditions. Priority handling of clean water usually comes first in the refugee areas with communal system, because the need of water for bathing, washing and toilet is big enough, while for a drink in the early events during disaster dominated by bottled water, but for their long-term, they have to boild water. For remote areas and difficult to reach individuals who usually use system more simple and easily operated. Water Supply Technology for emergency response has the characteristic 1). Able to operate with all sorts of water conditions (flexible & adaptable), 2). Can be operated easily, 3). Does not require much maintenance, 4). Little use of chemicals, and 5). Portable and easy removable (Mobile System)
Keywords: Situ Gintung, analisis, spasial, hidrologi, faktor penyebab
==================(6)================= TEKNOLOGI PENYEDIAAN AIR MINUM UNTUK KEADAAN TANGGAP DARURAT Oleh : Arie Herlambang Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan, BPP Teknologi Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 8, Jakarta JAI,Vol. 6 No. 1 Juni 2010. Hal 52-63
==================(4)================= KONDISI KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI CILIWUNG DI WILAYAH DKI JAKARTA DITINJAU PARAMATER ORGANIK, AMONIAK, FOSFAT, DETERJEN DAN BAKTERI COLI Oleh : Satmoko Yudo Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan, BPP Teknologi Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 8, Jakarta JAI,Vol. 6 No. 1 Juni 2010. Hal 34-42 Jakarta city has 13 rivers one of which is Ciliwung river. It flows across the city amid a lot of dense housing, slums and villages. As a result the river is experiencing the most severe pollution compared to other rivers that flow in Jakarta. To find out how much pollution in the Ciliwung river, this paper will discuss several pollutant parameters such as, BOD, COD, ammonia, phosphates, detergent and coli bacteria. Overall, that the concentrations of these parameters continue to increase annually, this causing pollution in the Ciliwung river higher. Keywords: Ciliwung rivers, water pollution from domestic wastewater, river water quality, organic parameters, ammonia, phosphates, detergent and coli bacteria.
Keywords: Water Quality, Water Treatment Technology, Drinking Water, Emergency Response, filtration, ceramic filtration, Ultrafiltration, Reverse Osmosis, Ultraviolet Sterilizer, Ozonizer, Disinfection
==================(5)================= ANALISIS FAKTOR PENYEBAB TANGGUL SITU GINTUNG
JEBOLNYA
==================(7)=================
Oleh : Budi Harsoyo UPT Hujan Buatan, BPP Teknologi. Jalan MH. Thamrin no. 8, Gd.I Lt.19, Jakarta Pusat JAI,Vol. 6 No. 1 Juni 2010. Hal 43-51
PENYISIHAN AMONIAK DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS AIR BAKU PDAM-IPA BOJONG RENGED DENGAN PROSES BIOFILTRASI MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA PALSTIK TIPE SARANG TAWON
Spatial and hidrology analysis has been done to find out the main factor of causing the burst of Situ Gintung dam incident on March 27, 2009. Spatial analysis was done to get some parameters that needs as input for
1
2
Oleh : Wahyu Widayat, Suprihatin dan 3 Arie Herlambang 1&3 Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan, BPP Teknologi
v
ISSN 0216-4140 2
Departemen Teknologi Industri Pertanian, IPB (Kampus Darmaga IPB) JAI, Vol. 6 No. 1 Juni 2010. Hal 64-76
One of the activities undertaken within the framework of environmental sanitation management by the government is to publish a variety of regulations governing the wastewater disposal problem. Sources of pollution of the most dominant in urban areas are domestic wastewater. Government institutions through BPLHD have conducted regular monitoring of river water quality in Jakarta. Management of water quality data from domestic waste sources is needed to control river water pollution. This requires data management system of urban domestic waste water quality. In this article will be discussed the development of data management systems for domestic waste water quality with reference to the current applicable regulations.
In big cities, quality of raw water (source: river water) are decreased, as result of industrial and domestic waste water are discharged to river, without any treatment. Existing concentration of ammonia of raw water of IPA Bojong Renged PDAM TKR Tangerang, respectively is 3.8 mg/l which is above threshold limit value of raw water for drinking water. A biofiltration process is use as one alternative to reduce concentration of ammonia in raw water. In this treatment, biofilter reactor is use with plastic of Honeycomb tube type as media. Operational condition of treatment is variation of HRT (Hidrolisis Retention Time) between 1–4 hours and air supply between 0–30 l/min. The selected operational condition of treatment found at HRT of 2 hours and air supply of 20 l/min, with removal efficiency of concentration of ammonia is 65% respectively. From this experiment, it was found that linear regression equation between removal efficiency and ammonia loading as ya = -91.19xa + 77,12.
Keywords : water quality database, domestic waste water quality
=================(10)================= PENELITIAN TANAH SEBAGAI PENDUKUNG PENGEMBANGAN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR DOMESTIK DI KANTOR BPP TEKNOLOGI
Keywords: raw water, ammonia, biofiltration, honeycomb tube, removal efficiency, loading
Oleh : Taty Hernaningsih
==================(8)=================
Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan, BPPT Jln. MH. Thamrin No.8 Jakarta Pusat JAI, Vol. 6 No. 1 Juni 2010. Hal 94-102
PENERAPAN PRINSIP KEBIJAKAN “ZERO DELTA Q” DALAM PEMBANGUNAN WILAYAH
Domestic wastewater from the regional office in Jakarta is one of the contributors to environmental pollution. Many office buildings in Jakarta are not managing the domestic wastewater, except BPP Technology office has managed its domestic wastewater by building domestic wastewater treatment plant. Increasing officers caused decrease performance and unsufficient capacities of WWTP. WWTP expansion is needed to address the problem of environmental pollution. The success of the development of WWTP is determined by input data (soil research data) with high accuracy, design, and construction. Number of failures of civil construction in recent years due to the use of land in excess of eksploitatif carrying capacity in general, for example, groundwater exctraction in excess can cause degradation of land, construction of road above the critical height cause sliding and high buildings construction affect to the surrounding land. The research of the soil is required for the planning of WWTP BPP Teknologi. The study was to estimate the soil carrying capacity of the soil layers that had been done by conducting experiments such as the SPT (Standard Penetration Test), Sounding and Boring. Implementation of activities include soil testing in the field and soil testing in the laboratory, physical test and mechanical test, test to determine the value of ground forces. Sondir was conducted in three locations until the impermeable soil and drilling was implemented in depth of 4,00 m.. Four tubes of soil samples consisting disturbed soil and undisturbed soil from depth of 1,5 m – 2,00 m and 3,00 m – 3,50 m were taken from drilling to be analyzed in the laboratory.
Oleh : R. Haryoto Indriatmoko Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan, BPP Teknologi Jl. M.H. Thamrin 8 Jakarta Pusat JAI, Vol. 6 No. 1 Juni 2010. Hal 77-83 Principle of zero delta Q policy is that a development should not increase water discharge to drainage system. Policy of zero delta Q is apply to zone of recharge area and other zone which is not recharge area as well, because this area which is not as recharge area has contribute a great deal to local flood. Based on this therefore implemention of policy of zero delta Q is applied to urban area such as Jakarta. Activities proposed for Jakarta were: 1. Optimize use of water reservoir, pond and site; 2. Implementation of artificial recharge or could be combined with biopore; 3. Effective land use by provide open green areas; and 4. Normalization of drainage system. Key words: kebijakan, zero delta q, banjir, sumur resapan, biopori, banjir, Pembangunan
==================(9)================= IDENTIFIKASI MASALAH APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN AIR PAYAU DENGAN SISTEM RO DI KABUPATEN REMBANG DAN CARA MENGATASINYA Oleh : P. Nugro Rahardjo Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan, BPP Teknologi Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 8 Jakarta Pusat JAI, Vol. 6 No. 1 Juni 2010. Hal 84-93
Keywords: IPAL, soil sounding and boring, Cone penetration test, pemampatan tanah
vi
ISSN 0216-4140
vii
