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J AI JURNAL AIR INDONESIA (Indonesia Water Journal) Terakreditasi dengan Predikat C Nomor 155/Akred‐LIPI/P2MBI/03/2009 Jurnal Air Indonesia (JAI) memuat tulisan yang merupakan hasil penelitian, informasi teknologi maupun gagasan segar tentang masalah teknologi pengelolaan air bersih dan limbah cair, air industri serta pengelolaan sumber daya air dan lingkungan, yang asli dan belum pernah dimuat di media cetak lain. Jurnal Air Indonesia terbit dua nomor dalam setahun. PEMBINA Prof. Dr. Jana T. Anggadiredja, MS. – Deputi Kepala Bidang Teknologi Pengembangan Sumberdaya Alam Prof. Dr. Ir. Kardono, M.Eng – Direktur Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan Prof. Dr. Ir. Yudi Soetrisno Garno, MSc. – Koordinator Bidang Lingkungan PENANGGUNG JAWAB REDAKSI Ir. Nusa Idaman Said, M.Eng. – Peneliti Utama Bidang Teknologi Lingkungan DEWAN REDAKSI Dr. Ir. Arie Herlambang, M.Si – Bidang Hidrogeologi Lingkungan Dr. Ir. Ikbal, M.Eng. – Bidang Teknologi Pengolahan Air Limbah Anaeorobik Dr. Ir. Rudi Nugroho, M.Eng. – Bidang Teknologi Pengolahan Air Limbah Ir. Nugro Rahardjo – Bidang Teknologi Pengolahan Air Bersih Drs. R. Haryoto Indriatmoko – Bidang Hidrologi dan Konservasi Air Tanah Ir. Taty Hernaningsih, M.Sc.– Bidang Hidrologi dan Lingkungan Ir. Setiyono, M.Si. – Bidang Teknik Kimia dan Proses Industri Ir. Wahyu Widayat – Bidang Teknologi Pengolahan Air Proses Industri Heru Dwi Wahjono, B.Eng. M.Kom. – Bidang Teknologi Informasi Sumberdaya Air Drs. Satmoko Yudo, M.Eng. – Bidang Informasi Lingkungan MITRA BESTARI DR. Kukuh Murtilaksono – Bidang Konservasi Tanah dan Air REDAKSI PELAKSANA Imam Setiadi, Ida Mulyawati, Oman Solaeman ALAMAT REDAKSI Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan Gedung II BPPT Lantai 20, Jln. MH. Thamrin No.8, Jakarta Pusat 10340 Telp. 021‐3169770, Fax. 021‐3169736 E‐mail :
[email protected] Situs Web : http://www.kelair.bppt.go.id/
Isi Jurnal Air Indonesia dapat dikutip dengan menyebutkan sumbernya (Citation is permitted with acknowledgement of the source)
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PENGANTAR REDAKSI Dalam edisi Jurnal Air Indonesia Volume 5 Nomor 2 kali ini memuat 10 (sepuluh) artikel dengan judul Pengkajian Kapasitas Daya Dukung Tanah Gambut Di daerah Pengembangan Irigasi Di Kalimantan Tengah, Perubahan Watak Hidrologi Sungai-Sungai Bagian Hulu Di Jawa, Kondisi Kualitas Air Sumur Penduduk di Wilayah Genangan Semburan Lumpur Sidoarjo, Pemantauan Kualitas Air Online Dan Realtime Di Intake PDAM Taman Kota Cengkareng Drain - DKI JAKARTA, Sediment And Suspended Particulate Matter Of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia, Uji Kinerja Pengolahan Air Siap Minum Dengan Proses Biofiltrasi, Ultrafiltrasi Dan Reverse Osmosis (RO) dengan Air Baku Air Sungai, Disain Perencanaan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) dan Re-Use Air Di Lingkungan Perhotelan, Aplikasi Teknologi Eksplorasi Untuk Memahami Kondisi Air Tanah Di Daerah Padang Luas Kabupaten Tanah Laut, dan Peran Teknologi Dalam Penentuan Kebijakan Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Air Nasional, serta Aplikasi Undang-Undang Tentang Informasi Dan Pelayanan Publik Dalam Kasus Sistem Informasi Teknologi Pengelolaan Air Bersih Dan Limbah Cair.
Redaksi sangat menghargai kritik dan saran yang membangun dan menerima tulisan dari para peneliti, akademisi maupun praktisi yang merupakan hasil penelitian, informasi teknologi maupun gagasan tentang masalah teknologi pengelolaan air bersih dan limbah cair, air proses industri serta pengelolaan sumber daya air dan lingkungan, yang asli dan belum pernah dimuat di media cetak lain. Informasi lengkap dapat diperoleh di Sekretariat Redaksi Jurnal Air Indonesia. Terima kasih.
Jakarta,
November 2009
Pemimpin Redaksi JAI
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JURNAL AIR INDONESIA Volume 5, Nomor 2, November 2009
Halaman DAFTAR ISI
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Pengantar Redaksi
ii
Daftar Isi
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Kumpulan Abstrak
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1.
Pengkajian Kapasitas Daya Dukung Tanah Gambut Di daerah Pengembangan Irigasi Di Kalimantan Tengah, Diah Affandi
104 - 111
2.
Perubahan Watak Hidrologi Sungai-Sungai Bagian Hulu Di Jawa, Sutopo Purwo Nugroho
112 - 118
3.
Kondisi Kualitas Air Sumur Penduduk di Wilayah Genangan Semburan Lumpur Sidoarjo, Satmoko Yudo
119 - 128
4.
Pemantauan Kualitas Air Online Dan Realtime Di Intake PDAM Taman Kota Cengkareng Drain - DKI JAKARTA, Heru Dwi Wahjono
129 - 135
5.
Sediment And Suspended Particulate Matter Of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia, Iwan G. Tejakusuma, Seno Adi, M.S. Nugrahadi, Rahmania D. and T. Yanagi
136 - 143
6.
Uji Kinerja Pengolahan Air Siap Minum Dengan Proses Biofiltrasi, Ultrafiltrasi Dan Reverse Osmosis (RO) Dengan Air Baku Air Sungai, Nusa Idaman Said
144 - 161
7.
Disain Perencanaan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) dan Re-Use Air Di Lingkungan Perhotelan, Setiyono
162 - 171
8.
Aplikasi Teknologi Eksplorasi Untuk Memahami Kondisi Air Tanah Di Daerah Padang Luas Kabupaten Tanah Laut, Teguh Prayogo
172 - 178
9.
Peran Teknologi Dalam Penentuan Kebijakan Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Air Nasional, Arie Herlambang
179 - 189
10.
Aplikasi Undang-Undang Tentang Informasi Dan Pelayanan Publik Dalam Kasus Sistem Informasi Teknologi Pengelolaan Air Bersih Dan Limbah Cair, Komarudin dan Satmoko Yudo
190 - 204
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KUMPULAN ABSTRAK by the people of Jakarta. The groundwater consumption tend to increase while the land capability to absorb groundwater decreasing as the land development expanding. Hidrologically the hydraulic conductivity of the Jakarta groundwater aquifer system is very low, so that the groundwater flowrate from the south region of Jakarta basin is also low. With the magnitude of extraction’s very havily, the cone of depression incident has been occurring in the north Jakarta region. Along with this incident, a land subsidence was also occurring in the neighboring area. To overcome these problems, the assessment of the artificial recharge to the Jakarta aquifer particularly at the critical locations has been done. Schemes of the artificial recharges were simulated. Locations and magnitudes of these schemes were recommended to prevent further depression and saltwater intrusions.
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JURNAL AIR INDONESIA VOL. 5, NO. 1, JUNI 2009 ==================(1)================= PEMANFAATAN DAN KONSERVASI SUMBER AIR DALAM KEADAAN DARURAT Oleh : Seno Adi Pusat Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Lahan, Wilayah dan Mitigasi Bencana Deputi TPSA, BPP Teknologi Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 8 Jakarta Pusat JAI, Vol. 5 No. 1 Juni 2009. Hal 1 - 8 The need of clean water availability is the basic need of human being for living. In case of emergency, the clean water availability is still needed firstly. In this situation, we have to has a practical knowledge on water resource exploration as well as exploitation effectively and efficiently in such away the water utilization are sustainable. The water availability properties such as, quality, quantity, and site are related to the technology for water conservation and exploitation. Basically, the water availability in emergency could be developed based on the hydrological and hydro geological properties of the nearest location. In situ direct water utilization with bad water quality (in case of flooding) could be handled by using tools of water survival kit such as water bag, purification tablet or powder, and purification bottle. The water utilization in short term with limited scale (in case of refugees camp) could be developed by constructing shallow well (dig well or pumping well) if the shallow aquifer are available. The water utilization in medium term could be developed by constructing water conservation and exploitation system such as mini dam, infiltration galleries, spring water conservation, water seepage, and rain water harvesting. Key words : sumber hidrogeologi, konservasi
air,
darurat,
Key words : groundwater, aquifer, basin Jakarta, simulation, artificial recharge.
==================(3)================= AKUISISI DATA SUMBERDAYA AIR TANAH DI DAERAH SUKODONO KABUPATEN PACITAN Oleh : Teguh Prayogo Pusat Teknologi Sumbrdaya Mineral, Deputi TPSA, BPP Teknologi Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 8 Jakarta Pusat JAI, Vol. 5 No. 1 Juni 2009. Hal 23-27 The need of water for human life is very high, especially to meet a demand of water supply, such as for drinking water, washing, taking a bath, and etc. Unfortunately, the availability of surface water at an area is sometimes not enough to comply with a request of pure water, as happened in the Sukodono area. Hence, to avoid the problem, we focus at the ground water sources as alternative water supply. In this paper will be discussed exploration of ground water that is accomplished with imaging resistivity technology to find out characteristic and condition of ground water in Sukodono, Pacitan district, East Java Province. Based on the result of survey in field and interpretation, the existence of aquifer in Sukodono area is occupied between 5 – 40 meter depth.
hidrologi,
==================(2)================= PEMANFAATAN AIR TANAH JAKARTA
Key words : ground water, imaging resistivity, desa Sukodono
Oleh : Samsuhadi Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan, Deputi TPSA, BPP Teknologi Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 8 Jakarta Pusat JAI, Vol. 5 No. 1 Juni 2009. Hal 9 - 22
==================(4)================= DAUR ULANG AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK KAPASITAS 0,9 M3 PER JAM MENGGUNAKAN KOMBINASI REAKTOR BIOFILTER ANAEROB AEROB DAN PENGOLAHAHAN LANJUTAN
The Jakarta groundwater is one of the water resources in which people rely on it in great deal. With the limitation of the Water Supply Company to serve its user, groundwater becomes very valuable and dependable resource. The magnitude of extraction reaches out above it’s save yield. In the year of 2002 about 1230 to 1590 millions cubic meters water were accumulated from precipitation. Approximately of 1027 million cubic meters each year about to be consumed
Oleh : Wahyu Widayat Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan, Deputi TPSA, BPP Teknologi Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 8 Jakarta Pusat JAI, Vol. 5 No. 1 Juni 2009. Hal 28-40
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Water pollution in the big cities in Indonesia, especially in DKI Jakarta has shown serious problems. One of the potential sources of water pollution is domestic wastewater that is wastewater from kitchens, laundry, bathing and toilets. These problems have become more serious since the spreads of sewerage systems are still low, so that domestic, institutional and commercial wastewater cause severe water pollution in many rivers or shallow ground water. There are a number of ways to converse water resources, one of them is to treat domestic waste water by communal system and then it is continued by advance process for recycling of wastewater. In this paper, it will be discussed recycling of domestic wastewater by communal system that combine the biological system using anaerobic-aerobic biofilter reactor for removing organic pollutant in wastewater and the advance process consisting of oxidation process, filtration by manganese zeolite filter, filtration by rapid sand filter, filtration by carbon filter and desinfection by ultraviolet sterilisator. The sterilisator is improve quality of tread wastewater being clear water as an alternative for water use save.
Key words : Ca(OH)2, Cr2O3, separation efficiency, hidroksida chromium (Cr(OH)3), NaHCO3, NaOH, pH optimum, alkali compound.
==================(6)================= APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI BIOENGINEERING JEBAKAN SEDIMEN DI SUB DAS CITANDUY HULU Oleh : Hasmana Soewandita dan Nana Sudiana Pusat Teknologi Sumberdaya Lahan Wilayah dan Mitigasi Bencana – BPP Teknologi Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 8 Jakarta Pusat JAI, Vol. 5 No. 1 Juni 2009. Hal 54-61 Citanduy watershed has been classified as a critical watershed in West Java. Sedimentation load at Citanduy watershed reach 5 milion cubic meters/years. It is indicated that lagoon area “Segara Anakan” was decreased about 823 hectars. Land use changes for cultivation area at Citanduy upland causes acceleration land degradation. Various efforts of the civil engineering and vegetative approach have been applied to control erosion and sedimentation. Alternative technology for controlling soil erosion and sedimentation is the application of sediment trap bioengineering. It is application on micro catchment area, environment-friendly, and easily adapted for the farmers community. The main for material of bioengineering sediment trap is made of Bamboo. Results of design that is applied in the critical area at Bukit Bitung up land (Citaduy upland) Kecamatan Tambaksari, Ciamis Region, measuring the width between 100 cm to 150 cm, whereas the height are between 80 cm to 100 cm. The application of this technology is effective sediment traps for micro catcment area of <5 hectars. Therefore for a broad cachment area more sediment traps are required. In a period of not more than 1.5 month, the sediment trap has been able to capture sediments up to 1 m3 per unit. The performance of sediment traps bioengineering also shown that bamboo as main components has grown up to not more than 30 days. The trapped sediments were restored back to the land for agricultural purposes after being add by agricultural waste. Sediments that have been processed at the same time also functions as soil amelioration or soil improvement.
Key words : Limbah, domestik, daur ulang, biofilter, pengolahan lanjutan
==================(5)================= PENGURANGAN CHROM (Cr) DALAM LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI KULIT PADA PROSES TANNERY MENGGUNAKAN SENYAWA ALKALI Ca(OH)2, NaOH DAN NaHCO3 (STUDI KASUS PT. TRIMULYO KENCANA MAS SEMARANG) Oleh : Asmadi*, Endro.S**, dan W. Oktiawan** *Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (PSL), Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB), Komplek Kampus IPB, Dermaga, Bogor **Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan, UNDIP Semarang, Komplek Kampus UNDIP, Tembalang, Semarang JAI, Vol. 5 No. 1 Juni 2009. Hal 41-53 One of the industries that use hazardous and toxic (B3) on the production process is leather tannery industry, with a compound chromium (Cr). Chromium in the compound, including heavy metals that have a known toxicity of high power. Alkali compound is Ca(OH)2, NaOH,and NaHCO3 the chemicals that can be used for processing liquid waste leather tannery industry that contains chromium, which works to raise the pH and precipitate chromium solution so produced chrome hidroksida in the form of chromium (Cr(OH)3). Results of research it was found that the pH optimum for alkali compound at each pH condition 8, the separation efficiency of 99.28% chromium compound using alkali Ca (OH) 2 and NaOH, while the use of 98.50% NaHCO3. Alkali compound which most effective review of technical aspects to a decrease in the concentration of chromium in leather tannery wastewater is NaOH, because with a small dose is able to separate the chromium in the wastewater with a high efficiency (99.28%), while the most economical and is recommended for applications is in the Ca(OH)2.
Key words : degradasi lahan, jebakan sedimen, bioengineering, sedimentasi, ameliorasi
==================(7)================= KAJIAN TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH RUMAH SAKIT DAN SNI TERKAIT Oleh : Ir. Prihadi Waluyo, MM. Pusat Teknologi Industri Proses, BPP Teknologi Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 8 Jakarta Pusat JAI, Vol. 5 No. 1 Juni 2009. Hal 62-73 The study of hospital waste water treatment technology, with choice one of waste water treatment technology this is activated sludge process, which already common use related to the National Standard of Indonesia (SNI) about environment, especially
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waste water, and more specifically is activated sludge. These snis are used to compliment of testing from technology of hospital waste water treatment. There for, it is need to be more reinforce the application of SNI so that each the technical regulation don’t want to detail the technical aspect it self. This because to revise the legal regulation is not easy, meanwhile the SNI can be revised anytime we need. We need to continue and to increase cooperation (MOU) between the Ministry of Environment and the National Accreditation Committee (KAN), about the joint assessment accreditation of environment parameters quality laboratory. The good application of technology and standard will have a good impacts for the growth of economic environment equipments industry. From the hospital waste water samples in Jakarta has showed that the chemical consentrate pollution very fluctuated, e.g., BOD 31,52 - 675,33 mg/l, ammoniac 10,79 - 158,73 mg/l, detergent (MBAS) 1,66 - 9,79 mg/l. From the BOD (mg/l) parameter with minimum 31, 52 and maximum 675,33 still include in the BOD parameter, as decree of KLH No 58/95, mentioned that the maximum gradient 75 mg/l, but to see from the mean as 353,43 are far out from the article of KLH decree.
==================(9)================= PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM PENGELOLAAN DATA KUALITAS AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK PERKOTAAN Oleh : Heru Dwi Wahjono Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan, BPP Teknologi Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 8 Jakarta Pusat JAI, Vol. 5 No. 1 Juni 2009. Hal 83-88 One of the activities undertaken within the framework of environmental sanitation management by the government is to publish a variety of regulations governing the wastewater disposal problem. Sources of pollution of the most dominant in urban areas are domestic wastewater. Government institutions through BPLHD have conducted regular monitoring of river water quality in Jakarta. Management of water quality data from domestic waste sources is needed to control river water pollution. This requires data management system of urban domestic waste water quality. In this article will be discussed the development of data management systems for domestic waste water quality with reference to the current applicable regulations. Key words : water quality database, domestic waste water quality
Key words : Air limbah, lumpur aktif, teknologi, SNI, lingkungan, standardisasi
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TRANSPARANSI DAN AKUNTABILITAS PELAYANAN PUBLIK KASUS TEKNOLOGI PENGELOLAAN AIR BERSIH DAN AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK
MEMBANGUN “SISTEM DINAMIS UNTUK MENGHITUNG DEBIT PUNCAK” (SDDP) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN STELLA VERSI 9.0.2 (UJI APLIKASI UNTUK WILAYAH BANJIR DI KECAMATAN MAKASAR JAKARTA TIMUR) Oleh : R. Haryoto Indriatmoko Pusat Pengkajian dan Penerapan Lingkungan, BPP Teknologi Jl. M.H. Thamrin 8 Jakarta Pusat JAI, Vol. 5 No. 1 Juni 2009. Hal 74-82
Oleh : Komarudin* dan Satmoko Yudo** *Pusat Pengkajian Kebijakan Difusi Teknologi, BPP Teknologi **Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan, BPP Teknologi Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 8, Jakarta JAI, Vol. 5 No. 1 Juni 2009. Hal 89-103
Teknologi
Bureaucracy reform of public service delivery requires a fast prime, precisely, accurate, and affordable. Some of the important elements of public service delivery, among others, providing guidance services, service standards, service standards at least, one of the doors and a roof, transparency, and accountability. Information on water technology and water management, and need to be provided through public services and the prime quality, transparent and accountable, in order to support efforts to reform the bureaucracy to uphold the principles of good governance.
Peak Discharge Dinamyc System (SDDP) is a program which apply to calculate peak of discharge a catchment area with area and rain fall intensity as parameters, with limited to maximal 50 km2 area and 100 mm/hour rain fall intensity. This program is develop by using System Dinamyc Stella version 9.0.2. Steps taken are, first by calculate runoff cooeficient use Bridge-Branch method and then calculate peak discharge with rational method. This program is tested on sub-catcment Makassar, East Jakarta and compare the result of the program with manual calculation, and concluded that no deviation between those 2 methods, and even more the SDDP program provide prediction of peak discharge with variable C value and data of calculation peak discharge with SDDP program presented in graphic and tabulation as well.
Key words: Transparency and accountability, public services, water and waste water technolgy management.
Key words : Model, Sistem Dinamis, Stella, Banjir, Debit Puncak, Koefisien Aliran, Prediksi, Jakarta Timur
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difficult to do because of limited data on land use change.
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JURNAL AIR INDONESIA VOL. 5, NO. 2, NOVEMBER 2009
Key words: discharge, trend, climate change, landuse, anthropogenic
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PENGKAJIAN KAPASITAS DAYA DUKUNG TANAH GAMBUT DIDAERAH PENGEMBANGAN IRIGASI DI KALIMANTAN TENGAH
KONDISI KUALITAS AIR SUMUR PENDUDUK DI WILAYAH GENANGAN SEMBURAN LUMPUR SIDOARJO
Oleh : Diah Affandi Puslitbang Sumberdaya Air, Departeman Pekerjaan Umum Jl.Ir. H.Juanda No. 193 Bandung JAI, Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2009. Hal 104-111
Oleh : Satmoko Yudo Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan, BPPTeknologi Jl. M.H. Thamrin No. 8 Gd. II Lt. 18 Jakarta 10340 JAI,Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2009. Hal 119-128 Sidoardjo mudflow has been occuring since 2006. This disaster is the first incident in Indonesia which has such a broad impact, like the settlements, fields, roads and other buildings submerged, resulting in enormous losses. Besides damaging the existing infrastructure in the area, the mud flow is also causing environmental damage, particularly contamination of ground water community. To find out how much the impact of the mud flow to the water quality community, carried out observations and surveys of well water quality conditions of the communities around the location of the mud puddles. In this paper provided an alternative drinking water treatment technology can be applied in this area.
Piles and pile foundations have been in use since prehistoric time. The commonest function of piles is to transfer a load that cannot be adequately supported at shallow depths to a depth where adequate support becomes available. When a pile passes through poor material and its tip penetrates a small distance into a stratum of good bearing capacity it is called a bearing pile. When piles are installed in a deep stratum of limited supporting ability and these piles developed their carrying capacity by friction on the sides of the pile, they are called friction piles. Many times the load carrying of piles results from a combination of point resistance and skin friction. The load taken by a single pile can be determined by static load test. The allowable load is obtained by applying a factor of safety to the failure load. Although it is expensive, a static load test is the only reliable means of determining allowable load on a friction pile. In this case,“Cerucuk” are widely used in foundation engineering to increase bearing capacity of the foundation andreduce the settlement.
Key words: Lapindo mud, environmental degradation, pollution of well water quality, alternative water treatment technologies
==================(4)================= PEMANTAUAN KUALITAS AIR ONLINE DAN REALTIME DI INTAKE PDAM TAMAN KOTA CENGKARENG DRAIN DKI JAKARTA
Key words : Pile foundation, bearing capacity, skin friction.
Oleh : Heru Dwi Wahjono Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan, BPPTeknologi Jl. M.H. Thamrin No. 8 Gd. II Lt. 18 Jakarta 10340 JAI, Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2009. Hal 129-135
==================(2)================= PERUBAHAN WATAK HIDROLOGI SUNGAI BAGIAN HULU DI JAWA
SUNGAI-
The need for clean water in big cities is very dependent on water supply by water companies (PDAM). The increasing demand for clean water in big cities is proportional to the increasing of number population and industry, but not comparable to the clean water supply and quality of raw water available. PDAM has made various efforts to improve the quality of clean water services to the community. One of the effort is to improve the performance of water treatment plant (WTP). To support the improvement of the performance of WTP, required water quality monitoring at the intake location in use. This paper discusses the online and realtime water quality monitoring at the water intake location using a multi-probe digital sensor and GSM technology. This observation data is used as a comparative data analysis of laboratory data on raw water source PDAM Taman Kota (Cengkareng Drain).
Oleh : Sutopo Purwo Nugroho Pusat Teknologi Sumberdaya Lahan, Wilayah dan Mitigasi Bencana, BPPTeknologi Jl. M.H. Thamrin No. 8 Gd. II Lt. 18 Jakarta 10340 JAI,Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2009. Hal 112-118 The hydrological character of the rivers in Java has changed. The trend flow of upstream rivers in Java declined. Significance level of the trend decline in the upstream was large enough. This indicates that the basic flow (base flow) from these rivers has been reduced. The cause of the trend decline in river flow is strongly influenced by a combination of the effects of global climate change and the influence of anthropogenic. The influence of climate change is marked by decreasing annual rainfall. While anthropogenic influences include changes in land use, reduced water catchment area, increasing population pressures and settlements. To identify which factors are most influential between the two factors are very
Key words: air baku air minum, intake PDAM Taman Kota Cengkareng Drain, pemantuan kualitas air, multi probe digital sensor, teknologi online monitoring, Water Treatment Plant
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SEDIMENT AND SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER OF JAKARTA BAY, INDONESIA
UJI KINERJA PENGOLAHAN AIR SIAP MINUM DENGAN PROSES BIOFILTRASI, ULTRAFILTRASI DAN REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO) DENGAN AIR BAKU AIR SUNGAI
Oleh : Iwan G. Tejakusuma, Seno Adi, M.S. Nugrahadi, Rahmania D. and T. Yanagi Pusat Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Lahan, Wilayah dan Mitigasi Bencana Deputi TPSA, BPPTeknologi Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 8 Jakarta Pusat JAI, Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2009. Hal 136-143
Oleh : Nusa Idaman Said Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan, BPPTeknologi Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 8 Jakarta Pusat JAI, Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2009. Hal 144-161
Jakarta Bay is a semi enclosed bay located in the northern coast of Jakarta Metropolitan City. Hydrologically 13 rivers flowing in the Jakarta region and there are three big rivers with significant discharge to the Jakarta Bay namely Citarum, Ciliwung, and Cisadane Rivers. Jakarta, as Indonesian capital city with population of 8.725.630 inhabitants, and another 15 million people live in the surrounded suburban of Jakarta, creates a significant anthropogenic impact to the environmental system. Limited infrastructures, such as no sewerage system and lack of industrial waste management, cause the rivers in this region have over their carrying capacity. Seventeen sampling stations were determined in the Jakarta Bay, consisting of 5 stations at the river mouths (estuaries) and other 12 stations in the bay spreading from the coastal to offshore areas. Water and sediment samples were taken during 2 monsoonal or seasonal variations, August 2006 for dry season and February 2007 for rainy season respectively. Additionally, samples were also taken in May 2007. Sediment distribution in the estuary consists mostly of black clay. The sediments clays were bad smell. In the coastal region and in the dry season, the sediments consists of black clay and at one sampling site (station S3) the sediment was bad smell. However, all sampling sites became bad smell in the rainy season. In the inner bay area, sediments were greyish green sandy clay with some shell fragments. In the outer bay, the sediments were dominated by greyish green clayey sand with some shell fragments. The black clay with bad smell is indicative of anthropogenic influence from Jakarta River Basin. C/N ratio of the sediments in the dry season ranged from 1 to about 4.2 where in the estuaries (at stations M1, M2 and M4) the ratio were higher compared to the inner and outer bays. The C/N ratio of suspended particulate matter ranged from the lowest ratio of 0.7 to the highest ratio of 17.7 at the bottom layer and lesser ranged of 0.7 to 9.8 at surface layer. POC concentrations ranged between 50-650 µM and 50-900 µM, in February and May, respectively. High concentrations of POC exists along the coastline or estuaries then decreasing toward the sea. POC is distributed widely in February than that in May due to higher discharge from the rivers. The average TOC concentrations in February is lower than that in May, but the TOC load in February was much higher than that in May due to the big differences of river discharge and because the samples were taken a week after the th th big flood in Jakarta area (February 4 - 6 , 2007). Total organic carbon fluxes from the river to the bay in February and May 2007 were 107.6 T /day C and 42.7 T /day C, respectively.
Water is a very basic need for humans, especially for cooking and drinking. With the rapid growth of population in particular need of clean water for the community also increased in numbers. The problem is with the poor quality of raw water for drinking water, then in addition to expanding its production costs, the result is often less good. One of the problems or issues that are often found in drinking water in the world these days that is the emergence of compounds called Trihalomethanes or THMs abbreviated, as a side effect of the disinfection process with a chlorine gas or hypochlorite compounds. Currently, to removal organic pollutants, ammonia, detergents, odor and other micro pollutants in drinking water, PAM is usually used by the process of manufacturing processes using adsorbsi Powder Active Carbon Adsorption, continued with physicals processing is the process of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and disinfection with chlorine. With increasingly high prices of powdered activated carbon, coagulant and flocculant chemicals, then the cost of treating drinking water to be increasing. To solve the problem above, one alternative is to develop clean water treatment technologies using a combination of biofiltration and ultrafiltration process, and to produce drinking water to proceed with processing using the process of reverse osmosis. Within the combination of biofiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis processes to treat the river water can be produced the drinking water with a very good quality without the use of chemicals for coagulation-flocculation process, and operational costs are relatively low. Key words : Air siap minum, biofiltrasi, ultrafiltrasi, reverse osmosis
==================(7)================= DISAIN PERENCANAAN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH (IPAL) DAN RE-USE AIR DI LINGKUNGAN PERHOTELAN Oleh : Setiyono Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan, BPPTeknologi Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 8 Jakarta Pusat JAI, Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2009. Hal 144-161 Denpasar is one of the number one tourist destination in the world. This city needs a lot of water resources with high quality to meet the needs of the hotel. While the Bali island with a relatively small area can not save the water resources in large numbers, the good management of water resources and efficiency use of water is realy needed. Hotel is one of the largest water users in the city of Denpasar. The water source is from
Key words : sediment, anthropogenic influence, C/N Ratio, POC, TOC, flux
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ISSN 0216-4140
Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 8 Jakarta Pusat JAI, Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2009. Hal 179-189
deep ground water and PDAM with the same quality. If someday deficit water and sea water intrusion in Denpasar happened, the hotel will be accused as one major cause of this problem. To overcome these problems, environmentally friendly hotel management will be needed to achieve "GREEN HOTEL & RESORT" programs in Bali, such as water usage efficiency, water recycle and protect environment from wastewater polution. To achieve this without reducing the amount of water consumption, can be done by using the technology of wastewater reuse, with technology Waste Water Treatment Installation (WWTP) and continued with the water quality improvement technology using multi media filters, ultra-filtration or reverse osmosis.
In the national water resource management, the data is the basis for the calculation of water reserves. In a large scale and wide, searching the data will require substantial funding, as well as with the updates. Data colecting becomes a problem and not useful if not managed with the system efficiently and effectively. Technology occupies an important role in accelerating the work, such as remote sensing technology using a satellite to determine the condition of forests and water, or a weather that can see the concentration of clouds and wind movement. Determination of catchment areas of water and protected areas, may of them using remote sensing technology. Water treatment technologies for drinking water and the development of efficient recycling technology of waste water, is very supportive in increasing water use efficiency. Technological developments also influence government policy and the implementation of water resource management. National Policy of Water Resource Management is influenced by economic factors, environmental sustainability and socio-cultural conditions. The role of technology are facilitate, accelerate and improve the efficiency of the process, so that the process can be more economical and environmental impact is reduced, and does not conflict with the socio-cultural conditions.
Key words : Hotel ramah lingkungan, re-use air limbah
==================(8)================= APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI EKSPLORASI UNTUK MEMAHAMI KONDISI AIR TANAH DI DAERAH PADANG LUAS KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT Oleh : Teguh Prayogo Pusat Teknologi Sumberdaya Mineral, BPPT Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 8 Jakarta Pusat JAI, Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2009. Hal 172-178 Groundwater is water that comes from the ground. Groundwater comes from rain, snow, sleet, and hail that soaks into the ground. The water moves down into the ground because of gravity, passing between particles of soil, sand, gravel, or rock until it reaches a depth where the ground is filled, or saturated, with water. Groundwater is stored in the ground in materials like gravel or sand. Water can also move through rock formations like sandstone or through cracks in rocks. Groundwater is one of solution to overcome a problem of the need of drinking water in the Padang Luas Area, because the availability of surface water is not enough. The objective of research is finding out characteristic and condition of ground water in Padang Luas, Tanah Laut district. To meet the objective, it was applied method of geophysical technology, namely electrical resistivity method by injecting current into the ground through current electrodes that are grounded at the earth's surface and measuring the difference of the electrical potential between the potential electrodes. Based on data processing, modeling and interpretation, it was gained result concerning the existence of aquifer in Padang Luas area that is predicted to occupy between 30 – 60 meter and 70 – 120 meter depth.
Key words : Kebijakan nasional sumber daya air, potensi SDA, teknologi pengolahan air
=================(10)================= APLIKASI UNDANG-UNDANG TENTANG INFORMASI DAN PELAYANAN PUBLIK DALAM KASUS SISTEM INFORMASI TEKNOLOGI PENGELOLAAN AIR BERSIH DAN LIMBAH CAIR Oleh : Komarudin* dan Satmoko Yudo** *Pusat Pengkajian Kebijakan Difusi Teknologi, BPPT **Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan, BPP Teknologi Jl. MH. Thamrin No. 8, Jakarta JAI, Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2009. Hal 190-204 The Law of Information and Electronics Transaction, the Law of Public Information Transparency, the Law of Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia, and the Law of Public Services is a part of the legal system related to information and public services. These four laws should be scrutinized in terms of technology application. To create prime services in the management of clean water and waste water, it has been developed the technology information system of clean water and waste water processing (SITPABLC). SITPABLC is the information system to provide information and technology services due to supporting the implementation of these four laws.
Key words : Groundwater, Electrical Resistivity
==================(9)================= PERAN TEKNOLOGI DALAM PENENTUAN KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA AIR NASIONAL
Key words: informasi, transaksi elektronik, informasi publik, keterbukaan informasi publik, pelayanan publik, ombudsman, dan good governance.
Oleh : Arie Herlambang Pusat Teknologi Lingkungan, BPP Teknologi
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