Jméno autora: Mgr. Alena Chrastinová Datum vytvoření: 16.12.2012 Číslo DUMu: VY_32_INOVACE_08_AJ_G Ročník: IV. Anglický jazyk Vzdělávací oblast: Jazyk a jazyková komunikace Vzdělávací obor: cizí jazyk – anglický jazyk Tematický okruh:Předminulý čas Téma: Past perfect simple/continuous Metodický list/anotace: Materiál je určen k prezentaci a procvičení předminulého času
Na úvodním snímku žáci spatří několik modelových vět, sami určí vzorec pro tvoření předminulého času – ten se objeví po kliknutí. Je vhodné jej porovnat s již známým předpřítomným časem. Následně žáci odvodí pravidlo jeho použití. Snímek č. 4 nabízí krátké cvičení, žáci pracují dle instrukcí. Následuje shrnutí s dalšími příklady. Snímky 6 a 7 jsou obdobou pro průběhovou variantu tohoto času. Snímky 8 a 9 přinášejí závěrečná cvičení – žáci postupují dle instrukcí. Aktivačním prvkem je kliknutí. Pozn. : 1. slova podtržená a vyznačená modře mohou být pro některé žáky neznámá, pokusí se jejich význam odhadnout na základě kontextu a mohou provést kontrolu kliknutím, které je odkáže na slovník- ověří si nejen správnost překladu ale i výslovnost. 2. podrobnější metodika u jednotlivých snímků
HAD
prav. sloveso
- ed
wanted
nepravid. sloveso
- 3.
begun
tvar
• I had wanted to visit some galleries before I left Rome. • The performance had already begun by the time we got to the theatre. HAD
BEEN
sloveso
ing
working/writing
• I really deserved a few days off as I had been working hard. • By his guilty expression I recognized he had been smoking.
The man couldn´t keep balance , because … he had drunk the whole bottle of whisky. miss the bus He had to run to work, as……. he had missed the bus. be operated on for her injured knee She had to use a wheelchair, because she had been operated on for her injured knee. drink the whole bottle of whisky
• past situation or activity that took place before another past situation or activity , or before a particular time in the past. I was about to leave when I remembered I had forgotten to swich off the stove. • the completion of a situation or activity or its effects. Last month their neighbour bought a new house at the seaside after he had made his fortune in growing sugar cane. By the time I decided to buy a flat, the prices had risen, so I had to start saving again.
Santa must have been pretty exhausted, cause … he had been delivering presents all night long owner- look after it badly Everything was covered with snow, because … it had been falling the whole week deliver presents all night long Poor little horse, it was nothing but skin and bones, because … the owner had been looking after it badly. fall the whole week
• continuity or duration of a situation or activity taking place before another past situation or activity. • I had been looking for my driving licence for about ten minutes when I realised it was in the car. •
Jimmy´s trousers were dirty and there were lots of holes in them. He had been climbing again.
•
How long had he been lying on the pavement when the first passers-by finally noticed him and called for help?
I was living in rented accomodation. Then I bought my first flat. (mnoho měsíců) I was really happy when I bought my first flat as I had been living in rented accomodation for many months. My grandad was collecting model planes. His house was full of them. (skoro šedesát let) My grandad´s house was full of model planes as he had been collecting them for nearly sixty years. Her daughter was coughing and sneezing. She couldn´t sleep at all. (celou noc) Her daughter couldn´t sleep at all as she had been coughing and sneezing the whole night.
Sue was suffering from splitting headaches. Suddenly her problem disappeared.. (týdny) Sue was surprised. Her problem suddenly disappeared. She had been suffering from splitting headaches for weeks. He was looking forward to our trip but he couldn´t go skiing with us. It was a shame. (od léta) It was a shame. He couldn´t go skiing with us. He had been looking forward to our trip since summer. I lost my cellphone so I couldn´t make an appointment with the doctor. I couldn´t make an appointment with the doctor cause I had lost my cellphone.
Obrázky: • NEMO. Hůl Symbol Lidé Člověk Guy Silueta – Veřejně přístupný obrázek 40577 [online]. [cit. 16.12.2012]. Dostupný na WWW: http://pixabay.com/cs/h%C5%AFl-symbol-lid%C3%A9%C4%8Dlov%C4%9Bk-guy-40577/ • NEMO. Člověk Osoba Sprint Běží Běh Zoom – Veřejně přístupný obrázek 40137 [online]. [cit. 16.12.2012]. Dostupný na WWW: http://pixabay.com/cs/%C4%8Dlov%C4%9Bk-osoba-sprintb%C4%9B%C5%BE%C3%AD-b%C4%9Bh-zoom-40137/ • NEMO. Staré Student Výkres Lidé Chlapec – Veřejně přístupný obrázek 28812 [online]. [cit. 16.12.2012]. Dostupný na WWW: http://pixabay.com/cs/star%C3%A9-student-v%C3%BDkres-lid%C3%A9chlapec-28812/
• NEMO. Spací Gauč Vánoce Santa Chlapec – Veřejně přístupný obrázek 32057 [online]. [cit. 16.12.2012]. Dostupný na WWW: http://pixabay.com/cs/spac%C3%AD-gau%C4%8D-v%C3%A1noce-santachlapec-32057 • NEMO. Podzim Obrys Hora Auto Kreslený Film – Veřejně přístupný obrázek 35074 [online]. [cit. 16.12.2012]. Dostupný na WWW: http://pixabay.com/cs/podzim-obrys-hora-auto-35074/ • NEMO. Staré Výkres Koně Tráva Hubený Stojící – Veřejně přístupný obrázek 47622 [online]. [cit. 16.12.2012]. Dostupný na WWW: http://pixabay.com/cs/star%C3%A9-v%C3%BDkres-kon%C4%9Btr%C3%A1va-huben%C3%BD-47622/
Zdroj inspirace k tvorbě vět: John Eastwood - Oxford Practice Grammar with Answers (Intermediate), Oxford University Press, 2006, ISBN 0-19-430913-4 S. Tryml, T. Gottheinerová - Moderní učebnice angličtiny, Nakladatelství Svoboda, Praha 1994, ISBN 80-205-0425-7 Martin Hewings – Advanced Grammar in Use, Cambridge University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-521-49868-6 J. Peprník – Anglický jazyk pro filology 1, Státní pedagogické nakladatelství, Praha 1990, ISBN 80-04-24 586-2
